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Gendelman O, Simon N, Ben-Shabat N, Patt YS, McGonagle D, Cohen AD, Amital H, Watad A. Increased Risk for Pulmonary Embolism among Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis-Results from a Large Database Analysis. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2790. [PMID: 38792334 PMCID: PMC11122635 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13102790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Axial spondyloarthropathy(AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily affecting the axial skeleton, often characterized by sacroiliitis. While pulmonary embolism (PE), a potentially lethal condition, has been linked to several autoimmune diseases, limited data exist regarding PE risk among patients with AS. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the Clalit Healthcare Services (CHS) database, including 5825 patients with AS and 28,356 matched controls. Follow-up began at the date of first AS diagnosis for patients and at the matched patient's diagnosis date for controls and continued until PE diagnosis, death, or study end date. Results: Prevalence of PE before AS diagnosis in patients compared to controls was 0.4% vs. 0.2% (p < 0.01). The incidence rate of PE was 11.6 per 10,000 person-years for patients with AS and 6.8 per 10,000 person-years for controls. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for PE in patients with AS was 1.70 (p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated excess risk for PE in patients with AS regardless of gender and age, with variations among AS treatment categories. Discussion: Our findings highlight a significant association between AS and PE, indicating an increased risk in patients with AS independent of age and sex and suggests a subclinical level of inflammation. Preliminary results suggest a protective role of immunosuppressing drugs. Further research into the impact of treatment strategies should be conducted and could inform clinical management and reduce the life-threatening risk of PE in Patients with AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Gendelman
- Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (O.G.); (N.B.-S.); (Y.S.P.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Neta Simon
- Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (O.G.); (N.B.-S.); (Y.S.P.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Niv Ben-Shabat
- Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (O.G.); (N.B.-S.); (Y.S.P.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yonatan Shneor Patt
- Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (O.G.); (N.B.-S.); (Y.S.P.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7JT, UK;
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Arnon Dov Cohen
- Chief Physician’s Office, Central Headquarters, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv 67754, Israel;
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (O.G.); (N.B.-S.); (Y.S.P.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Internal Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat Gan 52621, Israel; (O.G.); (N.B.-S.); (Y.S.P.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Bittar M, Nouer SS, Tolley EA, Dubreuil M, Magrey M. Mortality and Ankylosing Spondylitis in the US population: leading causes and associated factors. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:227-232. [PMID: 37733078 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06776-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the axial skeleton. Recent studies have shown that mortality risk is higher in AS patients and that it is possibly related to disease activity and duration. Our aim was to investigate the leading causes and factors associated with mortality in hospitalized AS patients in the USA. METHODS This is a case-control study using the Cerner Health Facts® database between 2015 and 2017. The search was done using ICD codes and administrative claims. Cases were hospitalized AS patients who died during that hospitalization, while controls were patients who survived. In addition to demographics, we collected data on the inpatient use of medications such as NSAIDs, as well as different comorbidities and systemic disease manifestations. The discharge diagnoses for deceased patients were collected to infer causes of mortality. Analysis of association was performed using chi-square tests, t-tests, Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, and logistic regression methods. RESULTS The leading causes of death were cardiovascular, infectious, respiratory, and traumatic. The Elixhauser comorbidity index was the factor most associated with mortality (p-value < 0.0001), with congestive heart failure and renal disease the most contributing. Drug use disorder was associated with mortality (adjusted OR = 10.9; p = 0.001). Inpatient NSAIDs use was not associated with increased odds for mortality (p-value 0.33). CONCLUSION Cardiovascular and renal comorbidities are associated with mortality and need to be targeted early on to lower the odds of mortality as patients age. Strategies to prevent opioid and drug abuse should be strengthened in the AS population. Key Points • Cardiovascular and renal comorbidities are associated with mortality and need to be screened for and targeted early on to lower the odds of mortality as patients age. • Drug use disorder including opioid dependence is associated with mortality, and strategies to prevent opioid and drug abuse should be strengthened in the AS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Bittar
- Division of Connective Tissue Disease (Rheumatology), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
| | - Simonne S Nouer
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics and Epidemiology), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Tolley
- Department of Preventive Medicine (Biostatistics and Epidemiology), The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Maureen Dubreuil
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Section of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marina Magrey
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospitals/Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Li Z, Khan MK, van der Linden SM, Winkens B, Villiger PM, Baumberger H, van Zandwijk H, Khan MA, Brown MA. HLA-B27, axial spondyloarthritis and survival. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:1558-1567. [PMID: 37679034 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ankylosing spondylitis (AS), and carriage of HLA-B27 gene in otherwise healthy individuals, are reportedly associated with increased mortality. We evaluated this hypothesis, using data from both a 35-year AS follow-up study and UK Biobank data. METHODS In 1985, 363 members of the Swiss AS Patient Society and 806 relatives were screened clinically and then radiographically for AS/axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Life expectancy was analysed in 377 axSpA patients having available pelvic radiographs and HLA-B27 status, comparing with matched Swiss population data. Survival in relation to HLA-B27 status in the general population was studied in UK Biobank European-ancestry participants (n=407 480, n=30 419 deaths). RESULTS AS patients have increased standardised mortality rate (SMR) compared with the general population (1.37, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.62). This increase was significant for HLA-B27-positive AS (SMR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.65). Shortened life expectancy was observed among both HLA-B27-positive AS women (SMR 1.77, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.70) and men (SMR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.59). Patients with non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) had significantly lower SMR: 0.44 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.77), compared with the general population. In the UK Biobank European-ancestry population cohort, HLA-B27 carriage was not significantly associated with any change in mortality (HR 1, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.1, p=0.349, adjusted by sex), in either males (HR 1, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.1, p=0.281) or females (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.9 to 1, p=0.232), and no increase in vascular disease mortality was observed. DISCUSSION AS patients, but not nr-axSpA patients, have a significantly shortened life expectancy. Increased mortality is particularly significant among women with HLA-B27-positive AS. HLA-B27 carriage in the European-ancestry general population does not influence survival, or the risk of death due to vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Li
- School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Sjef M van der Linden
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bjorn Winkens
- Department of Methodology and Statistics, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter M Villiger
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center Monbijou, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Baumberger
- Former President of Swiss Ankylosing Spondylitis Patient Society, Flims, Switzerland
| | | | - Muhammad Asim Khan
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew A Brown
- Genomics England Ltd, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King's College London, London, UK
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Drosos AA, Venetsanopoulou AI, Voulgari PV. Axial Spondyloarthritis: Evolving concepts regarding the disease's diagnosis and treatment. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 117:21-27. [PMID: 37414646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the axial skeleton (axSpA) and/or the peripheral joints (p-SpA) and entheses. The natural history of SpA in the decades of the 80 and 90 s involved a progressive disease with pain, spinal stiffness, ankylosis of the axial skeleton, structural damage of peripheral joints, and a poor prognosis. In the last 20 years, enormous advances in understanding and managing SpA have occurred. With the introduction of the ASAS classification criteria and MRI, early disease recognition is now possible. The ASAS criteria widened the spectrum of SpA to include all the disease phenotypes, such as radiographic (r-axSpA), non-radiographic (nr-axSpA), and p-SpA and extraskeletal manifestations. Nowadays, the treatment of SpA is based on a shared decision between patients and rheumatologists and includes non-pharmacological and pharmacological therapies. Moreover, the discovery of TNFα, IL-17, which play a pivotal role in disease pathophysiology, has revolutionized disease management. Thus, new targeted therapies and many biological agents are now available and used in SpA patients. TNFα inhibitors (TNFi), IL-17, and JAK inhibitors were proven to be efficacious, with an acceptable toxicity profile. Overall, their efficacy and safety are comparable with some differences. Sustained clinical disease remission, low disease activity, improvement of patient's quality of life, and prevention of progression of structural damage, are the results of the above interventions. The concept of SpA has changed in the last 20 years. The disease burden can be ameliorated by early and accurate diagnosis and targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros A Drosos
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece.
| | - Aliki I Venetsanopoulou
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
| | - Paraskevi V Voulgari
- Department of Rheumatology, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina 45110, Greece
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Kiderman D, Ben-Shabat N, Tsur AM, Anis S, Watad A, Cohen AD, Paz Z, Amital H. Vitamin D Insufficiency is Associated with Higher Incidence of Dementia, a Large Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 2023; 36:511-518. [PMID: 36888907 DOI: 10.1177/08919887231163292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Active metabolite of vitamin D has neuro-immunomodulatory and neuroprotective properties. However, there is still a debate about the potential association between low serum levels of hydroxy-vitamin D and increased risk for dementia. OBJECTIVES To determine an association between hypovitaminosis D and dementia for different 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) serum level cutoffs. METHODS Patients were identified utilizing the database of Clalit Health Services (CHS), the largest healthcare provider in Israel. For each subject, all available values of 25(OH)D during the study period, which lasted from 2002 to 2019, were obtained. Rates of dementia were compared across different cutoffs of 25(OH)D levels. RESULTS Cohort included 4278 patients, of whom 2454 (57%) were women. The mean age at the beginning of follow-up was 53 (±17). During the 17-year study period, a total of 133 patients (3%) were diagnosed with dementia. In a fully adjusted multivariate analysis, the risk for dementia was almost 2-fold higher in patients with an average of vitamin D insufficiency (<75 nmol/l) measurements (OR = 1.8, 95% C.I. = 1.0-3.2) compared to reference values (≥75 nmol/l). Patients with vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/l) demonstrated higher rates of dementia (OR = 2.6, 95% C.I. = 1.4-4.8). In our cohort, patients were diagnosed with dementia at a younger age in the deficiency (77 vs. 81 P-value = 0.05) and the insufficiency groups (77 vs. 81 P-value = 0.05) compared to the reference values (≥75 nmol/l). CONCLUSION Insufficient levels of vitamin D are associated with dementia. Dementia is diagnosed at a younger age in patients with insufficient and deficient vitamin D levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kiderman
- Hadassah Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
- Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Niv Ben-Shabat
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Avishai M Tsur
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem Faculty of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Saar Anis
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine (LIRMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Arnon D Cohen
- Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Ziv Paz
- Rheumatology Unit, Galilee Medical Center, Naharyia, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Zefat, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Kagan P, Horesh N, Amital H, Tsur AM, Watad A, Cohen AD, Ben-Shabat N. The Risk and Predictors of Malignancies in Ankylosing Spondylitis Patients in Israel-A Retrospective Electronic Data-Based Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5153. [PMID: 37568555 PMCID: PMC10419948 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies demonstrated unclear and vast variability in the association between Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) and the risk of cancer. OBJECTIVES To assess the risk of overall and site-specific malignancies for AS patients in Israel, while examining the role of comorbidities and immunomodulatory therapy. METHODS We conducted a retrospective electronic data-based study including all AS patients diagnosed between 2002 and 2018, with no history of cancer prior to enrollment, with 5:1 ratio matched-control by age, gender, and place of residence. The odds Ratios (OR) for site-specific malignancies, comparing AS patients and controls, were calculated using logistic regression. Risk factors for malignancies within the AS cohort were evaluated in the same manner. RESULTS This study comprised 5825 AS patients and 28,356 matched controls. There was a higher overall risk of cancer in AS patients compared to controls (OR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.24-1.6), specifically for solid malignancies (OR = 1.5, 95% CI 1.3-1.7), CNS (OR = 3.72, 95% CI 1.29-10.7), kidney (OR = 2.06, 95% CI 1.12-3.8), and malignancy of unknown primary (OR = 3.06, 95% CI 2.35-3.98). Regarding predictors for malignancy within AS patients, older age at diagnosis (OR = 1.31, 95%,CI 1.25-2.36), diabetes (OR = 1.52, 95% CI 1.18-1.97), IBD (OR = 2.61, 95% CI 1.75-3.89), and treatment with DMARDs (OR = 2.17, 95% CI 1.65-2.83) were associated with a higher risk of solid malignancies, while NSAIDs treatment alone had a protective effect for solid malignancies (OR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.61-0.99). No significant association was found between anti-TNF therapy and the risk of solid or hematologic malignancies within the AS group. CONCLUSION AS is associated with an increased risk of overall and site-specific malignancies, with independently higher risk for older age, comorbidity of DM, IBD, and treatment with DMARDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Kagan
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel; (P.K.); (N.H.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Noy Horesh
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel; (P.K.); (N.H.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel; (P.K.); (N.H.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Avishai M. Tsur
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel; (P.K.); (N.H.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan 9112102, Israel
- Department of Military Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 7610001, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel; (P.K.); (N.H.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds LS7 4SA, UK
| | - Arnon D. Cohen
- Chief Physician’s Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel-Aviv 6209813, Israel;
- Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Niv Ben-Shabat
- Department of Medicine B, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 5262100, Israel; (P.K.); (N.H.); (H.A.); (A.W.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Fang Y, Liu J. Novel regulatory role of non-coding RNAs in ankylosing spondylitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1131355. [PMID: 36911689 PMCID: PMC9998703 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1131355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine and involves disorders of the immune and skeletal systems. However, the exact pathogenesis of AS is not fully understood. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and micro RNAs (miRNAs) and their interactions have been shown to influence many biological processes such as inflammatory responses, osteogenic differentiation and apoptosis, pyroptosis, and proliferation. In addition, ncRNAs reflect the disease activity of AS. In this review, we discuss the regulatory roles of ncRNAs in AS cell functions (inflammatory responses, cellular osteogenic differentiation and apoptosis, pyroptosis, and proliferation) and their potential applications in AS diagnosis and treatment. Understanding the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis of AS will lay the foundation for exploring potential new therapeutic approaches for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Fang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Xin'an Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Hefei, China
| | - Jian Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Application Foundation Research and Development, Hefei, China.,Institute of Rheumatology, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Ortolan A, Webers C, Sepriano A, Falzon L, Baraliakos X, Landewé RB, Ramiro S, van der Heijde D, Nikiphorou E. Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological and non-biological interventions: a systematic literature review informing the 2022 update of the ASAS/EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2023; 82:142-152. [PMID: 36261247 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To update the evidence of non-biological treatments for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), as a basis for the 2022 Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society-European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (ASAS-EULAR) recommendations for the management of axSpA. METHODS A systematic literature review (2016-2021) on efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological and non-biological pharmacological treatments was performed, up to 1 January 2022. The research question was formulated according to the PICO format: Population: adult patients with r-axSpA and nr-axSpA; Intervention: non-pharmacological and non-biological pharmacological treatments; Comparator: active comparator or placebo; Outcomes: all relevant efficacy and safety outcomes. Type of studies included were: randomised controlled trials (RCTs), observational studies (for efficacy of non-pharmacological treatments, and safety), qualitative studies. Cohen's effect size (ES) was calculated for non-pharmacological and risk ratio (RR) for pharmacological treatments. RESULTS Of 107 publications included, 63 addressed non-pharmacological interventions, including education (n=8) and exercise (n=20). The ES for education on disease activity, function, mobility was small to moderate (eg. Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), ES: 0.06-0.59). Exercise had moderate to high ES on these outcomes (eg. BASDAI, ES 0.14-1.43). Six RCTs on targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) showed efficacy of tofacitinib, upadacitinib and filgotinib (phase 2 only) in r-axSpA (range RR vs placebo for ASAS20: 1.91-3.10), while apremilast and nilotinib were not efficacious. Studies on conventional synthetic DMARDs (n=3), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, n=8) and other drugs (n=12) did not provide new evidence on efficacy/safety (efficacy of NSAIDs confirmed; limited efficacy of short-term glucocorticoids in one RCT). CONCLUSIONS Education, exercise and NSAIDs confirmed to be efficacious in axSpA. JAKi were proved efficacious in r-axSpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusta Ortolan
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands .,Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Casper Webers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Care and Public Health Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandre Sepriano
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Rheumatology, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Louise Falzon
- Health Economics and Decision Science, School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Robert Bm Landewé
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Duivendrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | - Sofia Ramiro
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Heerlen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Elena Nikiphorou
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Rheumatology, King's College Hospital, London, UK.,Centre for Rheumatic Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
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Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cardiovascular disease risk in spondyloarthritis-spectrum diseases. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2022; 34:203-208. [PMID: 35762631 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Increased cardiovascular (CV) risk associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is well recognized in the general population. This may limit the use of this effective therapy in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), a population already at high CV risk. RECENT FINDINGS Increased CV diseases and their risk factors in patients with SpA were consistently shown in recent population-level data. NSAIDs remained commonly prescribed in SpA, though their structural benefit remained controversial and the dispensing practice was variable in different regions in the world. A previous observation study suggested NSAIDs in SpA might be cardio-protective, possibly via their modulation of the chronic inflammatory state. A recent meta-analysis of nonrandomized studies also revealed no increased risk of a CV event. Interestingly, there is growing evidence that different NSAIDs might impose differential CV risk on patients with SpA. SUMMARY Recent evidence suggested NSAIDs were associated with a neutral and possibly lower CV risk in patients with SpA, which provided some reassurance for their use.
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Watad A, McGonagle D, Anis S, Carmeli R, Cohen AD, Tsur AM, Ben-Shabat N, Lidar M, Amital H. TNF inhibitors have a protective role in the risk of dementia in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: Results from a nationwide study. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106325. [PMID: 35752359 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic progressive and debilitating form of arthritis with associated extra-articular features including uveitis, intestinal and lung apical inflammation and psoriasis. Putative associations between AS and neurologic disorders has been relatively overlooked. The purpose of this study is to assess the link between AS and major neurologic disorders and whether treatment with Tumor-Necrosis-Factor inhibitors (TNFi) has an impact on that association. METHODS A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out based on the Clalit Health Services (CHS) computerized database. AS patients were compared to age- and gender-matched controls with respect to the proportion of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis (MS). The impact of AS therapy (biologic vs conventional therapy) was assessed as well. RESULTS 4,082 AS patients and 20,397 age- and gender-matched controls were identified. AS was associated with a higher prevalence of AD (odds-ratio(OR) 1.46 [95%Confidence-interval(CI) 1.13-1.87], p=0.003), epilepsy (OR 2.33 [95%CI 1.75-3.09] p<0.0001) and PD (OR 2.75 [95%CI 2.04-3.72], p<0.0001), whereas no statistically significant association was found for MS. Association with PD remained significant in the multivariate analysis (OR 1.49 [95%CI 1.05- 2.13],p=0.027). Within AS patients, the use of TNFi (OR 0.10 [95%CI 0.01-0.74], p=0.024) were associated with a lowered risk of developing AD. CONCLUSION AS is positively associated with AD, PD, and epilepsy but not MS. AS patients treated with TNFi have lower rates of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK.
| | - Dennis McGonagle
- Section of Musculoskeletal Disease, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Chapel Allerton Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Saar Anis
- Department of Neurology, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Reut Carmeli
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Arnon D Cohen
- Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel; Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Avishai M Tsur
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Israel Defense Forces, Medical Corps, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Niv Ben-Shabat
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Merav Lidar
- Rheumatology unit, Sheba Medical Centre, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Centre, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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The Association Between TNF Inhibitor Therapy Availability and Hospital Admission Rates for Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. A Longitudinal Population-Based Study. Rheumatol Ther 2021; 9:127-137. [PMID: 34762289 PMCID: PMC8814256 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-021-00393-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF inhibiting drugs (TNFi) provide symptomatic relief for patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), but uncertainty remains about long-term benefits. We compared hospital admissions, emergency department (ED) presentations, and direct health care costs before and after the availability of subsidized TNFi therapy for AS patients. METHODS State-specific dispensing and cost data for TNFi therapy for AS in Western Australia (WA) were obtained from Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS) and expressed as the number of defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 population/day. Linked admission and ED data for 1783 AS patients followed for 14,257 person-years between 1990 and 2015 were extracted. Pre- and post-2005 admission rates/100,000 population were compared by rate ratio (RR). RESULTS TNFi uptake in WA reached a DDD/1000 population/day 0.45 at an annual cost of AU$17.7 million in 2020. Hospital admission rates remained unchanged (RR: 0.95, CI 0.71-1.27, p = 0.66) but increased slightly in female patients (RR 1.22; CI 0.91-1.64, p = 0.20). While there was no change in cardiovascular admissions (6.3 vs. 6.2%, p = 0.6) or ED visit rates since 2005, frequency for cancer (2.7 vs. 3.8%, p < 0.01), infection (1.1 vs. 1.7%, p < 0.01) and mental health (4.0 vs. 4.5%, p < 0.02) admissions increased. Associated direct health care costs (2020 values) averaged AU$14.7 million before and AU$ 24.7 million per year after 2005. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of subsidized TNFi therapy did not change all-cause hospital admission or ED visit rates for existing AS patients. Whether the significantly increased direct health care costs are offset by reductions in other health care costs remains to be determined.
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