1
|
Ryu J, Qiang Y, Chen L, Li G, Han X, Woon E, Bai T, Qi Y, Zhang S, Liou JY, Seo KJ, Feng B, Fang H. Multifunctional Nanomesh Enables Cellular-Resolution, Elastic Neuroelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2403141. [PMID: 39011796 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Silicone-based devices have the potential to achieve an ideal interface with nervous tissue but suffer from scalability, primarily due to the mechanical mismatch between established electronic materials and soft elastomer substrates. This study presents a novel approach using conventional electrode materials through multifunctional nanomesh to achieve reliable elastic microelectrodes directly on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) silicone with an unprecedented cellular resolution. This engineered nanomesh features an in-plane nanoscale mesh pattern, physically embodied by a stack of three thin-film materials by design, namely Parylene-C for mechanical buffering, gold (Au) for electrical conduction, and Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) for improved electrochemical interfacing. Nanomesh elastic neuroelectronics are validated using single-unit recording from the small and curvilinear epidural surface of mouse dorsal root ganglia (DRG) with device self-conformed and superior recording quality compared to plastic control devices requiring manual pressing is demonstrated. Electrode scaling studies from in vivo epidural recording further revealed the need for cellular resolution for high-fidelity recording of single-unit activities and compound action potentials. In addition to creating a minimally invasive device to effectively interface with DRG sensory afferents at a single-cell resolution, this study establishes nanomeshing as a practical pathway to leverage traditional electrode materials for a new class of elastic neuroelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyeon Ryu
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Yi Qiang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Longtu Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Gen Li
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Xun Han
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, School of Micro-Nano Electronics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Eric Woon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Tianyu Bai
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Yongli Qi
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Jyun-You Liou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kyung Jin Seo
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
- Science Corporation, 300 Wind River Way, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - Hui Fang
- Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sullivan D, Vaglio BJ, Cararo-Lopes MM, Wong RDP, Graudejus O, Firestein BL. Stretch-Induced Injury Affects Cortical Neuronal Networks in a Time- and Severity-Dependent Manner. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1021-1038. [PMID: 38294641 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03438-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of accident-related death and disability in the world and can lead to long-term neuropsychiatric symptoms, such as a decline in cognitive function and neurodegeneration. TBI includes primary and secondary injury, with head trauma and deformation of the brain caused by the physical force of the impact as primary injury, and cellular and molecular cascades that lead to cell death as secondary injury. Currently, there is no treatment for TBI-induced cell damage and neural circuit dysfunction in the brain, and thus, it is important to understand the underlying cellular mechanisms that lead to cell damage. In the current study, we use stretchable microelectrode arrays (sMEAs) to model the primary injury of TBI to study the electrophysiological effects of physically injuring cortical cells. We recorded electrophysiological activity before injury and then stretched the flexible membrane of the sMEAs to injure the cells to varying degrees. At 1, 24, and 72 h post-stretch, we recorded activity to analyze differences in spike rate, Fano factor, burstlet rate, burstlet width, synchrony of firing, local network efficiency, and Q statistic. Our results demonstrate that mechanical injury changes the firing properties of cortical neuron networks in culture in a time- and severity-dependent manner. Our results suggest that changes to electrophysiological properties after stretch are dependent on the strength of synchronization between neurons prior to injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dylan Sullivan
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Brandon J Vaglio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Marina M Cararo-Lopes
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Cell and Developmental Biology Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Ruben D Ponce Wong
- BioMedical Sustainable Elastic Electronic Devices (BMSEED), Mesa, AZ, USA
| | - Oliver Graudejus
- BioMedical Sustainable Elastic Electronic Devices (BMSEED), Mesa, AZ, USA
- School of Molecular Science, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ, 08854-8082, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Jiang Y, Ji S, Sun J, Huang J, Li Y, Zou G, Salim T, Wang C, Li W, Jin H, Xu J, Wang S, Lei T, Yan X, Peh WYX, Yen SC, Liu Z, Yu M, Zhao H, Lu Z, Li G, Gao H, Liu Z, Bao Z, Chen X. A universal interface for plug-and-play assembly of stretchable devices. Nature 2023; 614:456-462. [PMID: 36792740 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable hybrid devices have enabled high-fidelity implantable1-3 and on-skin4-6 monitoring of physiological signals. These devices typically contain soft modules that match the mechanical requirements in humans7,8 and soft robots9,10, rigid modules containing Si-based microelectronics11,12 and protective encapsulation modules13,14. To make such a system mechanically compliant, the interconnects between the modules need to tolerate stress concentration that may limit their stretching and ultimately cause debonding failure15-17. Here, we report a universal interface that can reliably connect soft, rigid and encapsulation modules together to form robust and highly stretchable devices in a plug-and-play manner. The interface, consisting of interpenetrating polymer and metal nanostructures, connects modules by simply pressing without using pastes. Its formation is depicted by a biphasic network growth model. Soft-soft modules joined by this interface achieved 600% and 180% mechanical and electrical stretchability, respectively. Soft and rigid modules can also be electrically connected using the above interface. Encapsulation on soft modules with this interface is strongly adhesive with an interfacial toughness of 0.24 N mm-1. As a proof of concept, we use this interface to assemble stretchable devices for in vivo neuromodulation and on-skin electromyography, with high signal quality and mechanical resistance. We expect such a plug-and-play interface to simplify and accelerate the development of on-skin and implantable stretchable devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanheng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guijin Zou
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Teddy Salim
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Changxian Wang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wenlong Li
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Haoran Jin
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuzhou Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Wendy Yen Xian Peh
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shih-Cheng Yen
- The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhihua Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Hang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Zechao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore.
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Wang YX, Li D, Coen CT, Hwaun E, Chen G, Wu HC, Zhong D, Niu S, Wang W, Saberi A, Lai JC, Wu Y, Wang Y, Trotsyuk AA, Loh KY, Shih CC, Xu W, Liang K, Zhang K, Bai Y, Gurusankar G, Hu W, Jia W, Cheng Z, Dauskardt RH, Gurtner GC, Tok JBH, Deisseroth K, Soltesz I, Bao Z. Topological supramolecular network enabled high-conductivity, stretchable organic bioelectronics. Science 2022; 375:1411-1417. [PMID: 35324282 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable bioelectronic devices based on soft and conducting organic materials have been regarded as the ideal interface for seamless and biocompatible integration with the human body. A remaining challenge is to combine high mechanical robustness with good electrical conduction, especially when patterned at small feature sizes. We develop a molecular engineering strategy based on a topological supramolecular network, which allows for the decoupling of competing effects from multiple molecular building blocks to meet complex requirements. We obtained simultaneously high conductivity and crack-onset strain in a physiological environment, with direct photopatternability down to the cellular scale. We further collected stable electromyography signals on soft and malleable octopus and performed localized neuromodulation down to single-nucleus precision for controlling organ-specific activities through the delicate brainstem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhitao Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Deling Li
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | | | - Ernie Hwaun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Hung-Chin Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Donglai Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simiao Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Weichen Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aref Saberi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jian-Cheng Lai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Artem A Trotsyuk
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kang Yong Loh
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wenhui Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kui Liang
- BOE Technology Center, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Kailiang Zhang
- BOE Technology Center, BOE Technology Group Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yihong Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wang Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford (MIPS), Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Reinhold H Dauskardt
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Karl Deisseroth
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ivan Soltesz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Llerena Zambrano B, Renz AF, Ruff T, Lienemann S, Tybrandt K, Vörös J, Lee J. Soft Electronics Based on Stretchable and Conductive Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001397. [PMID: 33205564 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Research on the field of implantable electronic devices that can be directly applied in the body with various functionalities is increasingly intensifying due to its great potential for various therapeutic applications. While conventional implantable electronics generally include rigid and hard conductive materials, their surrounding biological objects are soft and dynamic. The mechanical mismatch between implanted devices and biological environments induces damages in the body especially for long-term applications. Stretchable electronics with outstanding mechanical compliance with biological objects effectively improve such limitations of existing rigid implantable electronics. In this article, the recent progress of implantable soft electronics based on various conductive nanocomposites is systematically described. In particular, representative fabrication approaches of conductive and stretchable nanocomposites for implantable soft electronics and various in vivo applications of implantable soft electronics are focused on. To conclude, challenges and perspectives of current implantable soft electronics that should be considered for further advances are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byron Llerena Zambrano
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Aline F. Renz
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Tobias Ruff
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Samuel Lienemann
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics Department of Science and Technology Linköping University Norrköping 601 74 Sweden
| | - János Vörös
- Laboratory of Biosensors and Bioelectronics ETH Zurich Gloriastrasse 35 Zurich 8092 Switzerland
| | - Jaehong Lee
- Department of Robotics Engineering Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST) 333 Techno jungan‐dareo Daegu 42988 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu S, Zhao Y, Hao W, Zhang XD, Ming D. Micro- and nanotechnology for neural electrode-tissue interfaces. Biosens Bioelectron 2020; 170:112645. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2020.112645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
7
|
Gold-Plated Electrode with High Scratch Strength for Electrophysiological Recordings. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2985. [PMID: 30814648 PMCID: PMC6393511 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39138-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi electrode arrays (MEA) have been exploited in different electrophysiological applications. In neurological applications, MEAs are the vital interfaces between neurons and the electronic circuits with dual role; transmitting electric signal to the neurons and converting neural activity to the electric signal. Since the performance of the electrodes has a direct effect on the quality of the recorded neuronal signal, as well as the stimulation, the true choice of electrode material for MEA is crucial. Gold is one of the best candidates for fabrication of MEAs due to its high electrical conductivity, biocompatibility and good chemical stability. However, noble metals such as gold do not adhere well to the glass substrate. Consequently while exposing to the water, gold films are damaged, which impose limitations in the exploiting of gold thin films as the electrode. In this paper, a simple and cost effective method for the fabrication of gold electrode arrays is proposed. Using various mechanical (adhesion test and scratch strength), morphological (AFM and SEM) and electrochemical methods, the fabricated electrodes are characterized. The results show that the fabricated electrode arrays have significantly high scratch strength and stability within the aqueous medium. In addition, the electrical properties of the electrodes have been improved. The proposed electrodes have the potential to be exploited in other applications including electronics, electrochemistry, and biosensors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Tybrandt K, Khodagholy D, Dielacher B, Stauffer F, Renz AF, Buzsáki G, Vörös J. High-Density Stretchable Electrode Grids for Chronic Neural Recording. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706520. [PMID: 29488263 PMCID: PMC5948103 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrical interfacing with neural tissue is key to advancing diagnosis and therapies for neurological disorders, as well as providing detailed information about neural signals. A challenge for creating long-term stable interfaces between electronics and neural tissue is the huge mechanical mismatch between the systems. So far, materials and fabrication processes have restricted the development of soft electrode grids able to combine high performance, long-term stability, and high electrode density, aspects all essential for neural interfacing. Here, this challenge is addressed by developing a soft, high-density, stretchable electrode grid based on an inert, high-performance composite material comprising gold-coated titanium dioxide nanowires embedded in a silicone matrix. The developed grid can resolve high spatiotemporal neural signals from the surface of the cortex in freely moving rats with stable neural recording quality and preserved electrode signal coherence during 3 months of implantation. Due to its flexible and stretchable nature, it is possible to minimize the size of the craniotomy required for placement, further reducing the level of invasiveness. The material and device technology presented herein have potential for a wide range of emerging biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klas Tybrandt
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 601 74 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Dion Khodagholy
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Bernd Dielacher
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Flurin Stauffer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline F. Renz
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - György Buzsáki
- NYU Neuroscience Institute, School of Medicine, New York University, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - János Vörös
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Valentine AD, Busbee TA, Boley JW, Raney JR, Chortos A, Kotikian A, Berrigan JD, Durstock MF, Lewis JA. Hybrid 3D Printing of Soft Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1703817. [PMID: 28875572 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201703817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid 3D printing is a new method for producing soft electronics that combines direct ink writing of conductive and dielectric elastomeric materials with automated pick-and-place of surface mount electronic components within an integrated additive manufacturing platform. Using this approach, insulating matrix and conductive electrode inks are directly printed in specific layouts. Passive and active electrical components are then integrated to produce the desired electronic circuitry by using an empty nozzle (in vacuum-on mode) to pick up individual components, place them onto the substrate, and then deposit them (in vacuum-off mode) in the desired location. The components are then interconnected via printed conductive traces to yield soft electronic devices that may find potential application in wearable electronics, soft robotics, and biomedical devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Travis A Busbee
- Pierce Hall Rm 221, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | | | - Jordan R Raney
- Pierce Hall Rm 221, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Alex Chortos
- Pierce Hall Rm 221, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Arda Kotikian
- Pierce Hall Rm 221, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - John Daniel Berrigan
- Soft Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Michael F Durstock
- Soft Materials Branch, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Multilayer Patterning of High Resolution Intrinsically Stretchable Electronics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25641. [PMID: 27157804 PMCID: PMC4860633 DOI: 10.1038/srep25641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Stretchable electronics can bridge the gap between hard planar electronic circuits and the curved, soft and elastic objects of nature. This has led to applications like conformal displays, electronic skin and soft neuroprosthetics. A remaining challenge, however, is to match the dimensions of the interfaced systems, as all require feature sizes well below 100 μm. Intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites are attractive in this context as the mechanical deformations occur on the nanoscale, although methods for patterning high performance materials have been lacking. Here we address these issues by reporting on a multilayer additive patterning approach for high resolution fabrication of stretchable electronic devices. The method yields highly conductive 30 μm tracks with similar performance to their macroscopic counterparts. Further, we demonstrate a three layer micropatterned stretchable electroluminescent display with pixel sizes down to 70 μm. These presented findings pave the way towards future developments of high definition displays, electronic skins and dense multielectrode arrays.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sekitani T, Yokota T, Kuribara K, Kaltenbrunner M, Fukushima T, Inoue Y, Sekino M, Isoyama T, Abe Y, Onodera H, Someya T. Ultraflexible organic amplifier with biocompatible gel electrodes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11425. [PMID: 27125910 PMCID: PMC5411732 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo electronic monitoring systems are promising technology to obtain biosignals with high spatiotemporal resolution and sensitivity. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of a biocompatible highly conductive gel composite comprising multi-walled carbon nanotube-dispersed sheet with an aqueous hydrogel. This gel composite exhibits admittance of 100 mS cm−2 and maintains high admittance even in a low-frequency range. On implantation into a living hypodermal tissue for 4 weeks, it showed a small foreign-body reaction compared with widely used metal electrodes. Capitalizing on the multi-functional gel composite, we fabricated an ultrathin and mechanically flexible organic active matrix amplifier on a 1.2-μm-thick polyethylene-naphthalate film to amplify (amplification factor: ∼200) weak biosignals. The composite was integrated to the amplifier to realize a direct lead epicardial electrocardiography that is easily spread over an uneven heart tissue. Flexible electronics promise the opportunity to monitor biological activity via implanted devices. Here, the authors develop a biocompatible conductive carbon nanotube/gel composite and couple it with an ultrathin flexible amplifier, enabling in vivo measurement of epicardial electrocardiogram signals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Sekitani
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, 8-1, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kuribara
- Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Martin Kaltenbrunner
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Soft Matter Physics, Linz Institute of Technology LIT, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, Linz 4040, Austria
| | - Takanori Fukushima
- Chemical Resource Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259R1-1, Nagatsuda, Midoriku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 226-8503, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masaki Sekino
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takashi Isoyama
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yusuke Abe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Onodera
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.,Photon Science Center, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee Y, Shin M, Thiyagarajan K, Jeong U. Approaches to Stretchable Polymer Active Channels for Deformable Transistors. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Lee
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea 120-749
| | - Minkwan Shin
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, Korea 120-749
| | - Kaliannan Thiyagarajan
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),
77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea 790-784
| | - Unyong Jeong
- Department of Materials
Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH),
77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, Korea 790-784
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Qi D, Liu Z, Yu M, Liu Y, Tang Y, Lv J, Li Y, Wei J, Liedberg B, Yu Z, Chen X. Highly stretchable gold nanobelts with sinusoidal structures for recording electrocorticograms. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3145-3151. [PMID: 25865755 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201405807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Rationally designed sinusoidal gold nanobelts are fabricated as stretchable electrodes, and they do not show obvious change of resistance under large deformation after 10,000 cyclic stretching/relaxing processes. As a proof of concept, they are successfully used to record intracranial electroencephalogram or electrocorticogram signals from rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Mei Yu
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuxin Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Junhui Lv
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jun Wei
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, 71 Nanyang Drive, 638075, Singapore
| | - Bo Liedberg
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhe Yu
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kang WH, Cao W, Graudejus O, Patel TP, Wagner S, Meaney DF, Morrison B. Alterations in Hippocampal Network Activity after In Vitro Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32:1011-9. [PMID: 25517970 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2014.3667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) alters function and behavior, which can be characterized by changes in electrophysiological function in vitro. A common cognitive deficit after mild-to-moderate TBI is disruption of persistent working memory, of which the in vitro correlate is long-lasting, neuronal network synchronization that can be induced pharmacologically by the gamma-aminobutyric acid A antagonist, bicuculline. We utilized a novel in vitro platform for TBI research, the stretchable microelectrode array (SMEA), to investigate the effects of TBI on bicuculline-induced, long-lasting network synchronization in the hippocampus. Mechanical stimulation significantly disrupted bicuculline-induced, long-lasting network synchronization 24 h after injury, despite the continued ability of the injured neurons to fire, as revealed by a significant increase in the normalized spontaneous event rate in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1. A second challenge with bicuculline 24 h after the first challenge significantly decreased the normalized spontaneous event rate in the DG. In addition, we illustrate the utility of the SMEA for TBI research by combining multiple experimental paradigms in one platform, which has the potential to enable novel investigations into the mechanisms responsible for functional consequences of TBI and speed the rate of drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyeun Kang
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Wenzhe Cao
- 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Oliver Graudejus
- 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey.,3 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University , Tempe, Arizona
| | - Tapan P Patel
- 4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Sigurd Wagner
- 2 Department of Electrical Engineering, Princeton University , Princeton, New Jersey
| | - David F Meaney
- 4 Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Barclay Morrison
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
David-Pur M, Bareket-Keren L, Beit-Yaakov G, Raz-Prag D, Hanein Y. All-carbon-nanotube flexible multi-electrode array for neuronal recording and stimulation. Biomed Microdevices 2014; 16:43-53. [PMID: 23974529 PMCID: PMC3921458 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-013-9804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuro-prosthetic devices aim to restore impaired function through artificial stimulation of the nervous system. A lingering technological bottleneck in this field is the realization of soft, micron sized electrodes capable of injecting enough charge to evoke localized neuronal activity without causing neither electrode nor tissue damage. Direct stimulation with micro electrodes will offer the high efficacy needed in applications such as cochlear and retinal implants. Here we present a new flexible neuronal micro electrode device, based entirely on carbon nanotube technology, where both the conducting traces and the stimulating electrodes consist of conducting carbon nanotube films embedded in a polymeric support. The use of carbon nanotubes bestows the electrodes flexibility and excellent electrochemical properties. As opposed to contemporary flexible neuronal electrodes, the technology presented here is both robust and the resulting stimulating electrodes are nearly purely capacitive. Recording and stimulation tests with chick retinas were used to validate the advantageous properties of the electrodes and demonstrate their suitability for high-efficacy neuronal stimulation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moshe David-Pur
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu Z, Yu M, Lv J, Li Y, Yu Z. Dispersed, porous nanoislands landing on stretchable nanocrack gold films: maintenance of stretchability and controllable impedance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:13487-13495. [PMID: 25090109 DOI: 10.1021/am502454t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronic devices have great potential for serving as bioelectrical interfaces due to their better deformability and modulus match with biological organs. However, surface modification, which is usually applied to enhance the capability of sensing and stimulating, as well as biocompatibility, may cause problems since their stretchability highly depends on the surface structure. In this work, stretchable nanocrack gold (SNCG) electrodes were fabricated, which can be stretched by a maximum 120% uniaxial strain while maintaining their electrical conductivity. We found that the electrodes lost their stretchability after surface modification of an additional continuous platinum layer, which was found to selectively weld or fully cover the nanocracks, consequently eliminating its crack structure. To address this issue, we designed a complex structure of dispersed, porous nanoislands landing on the SNCG film, which was further demonstrated as capable of maintaining the stretchability of electrodes while allowing the reshaping of cracks. Moreover, stretchable microelectrode arrays were then developed with this complex structure. Animal experiments demonstrated their capability of conformally wrapping on a rat brain cortex and effectively monitoring an intracranial electroencephalogram under deformation. In addition, their impedance can be precisely controlled by modulating the dispersity, diameter, and aspect ratio of individual nanoislands. This complex structure has great potential for developing highly stretchable, multiplexing sensors, allowing stiff materials to land on a stretchable conducting surface with maintenance of stretchability and controllable functional area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Liu
- Biomedical Microdevices Research Laboratory, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chortos A, Lim J, To JWF, Vosgueritchian M, Dusseault TJ, Kim TH, Hwang S, Bao Z. Highly stretchable transistors using a microcracked organic semiconductor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:4253-4259. [PMID: 24740928 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alex Chortos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, 381 North-South Mall, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ding H, Zhong M, Kim YJ, Pholpabu P, Balasubramanian A, Hui CM, He H, Yang H, Matyjaszewski K, Bettinger CJ. Biologically derived soft conducting hydrogels using heparin-doped polymer networks. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4348-57. [PMID: 24738911 PMCID: PMC4046800 DOI: 10.1021/nn406019m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of flexible and stretchable electronic components expands the range of applications of electronic devices. Flexible devices are ideally suited for electronic biointerfaces because of mechanically permissive structures that conform to curvilinear structures found in native tissue. Most electronic materials used in these applications exhibit elastic moduli on the order of 0.1-1 MPa. However, many electronically excitable tissues exhibit elasticities in the range of 1-10 kPa, several orders of magnitude smaller than existing components used in flexible devices. This work describes the use of biologically derived heparins as scaffold materials for fabricating networks with hybrid electronic/ionic conductivity and ultracompliant mechanical properties. Photo-cross-linkable heparin-methacrylate hydrogels serve as templates to control the microstructure and doping of in situ polymerized polyaniline structures. Macroscopic heparin-doped polyaniline hydrogel dual networks exhibit impedances as low as Z = 4.17 Ω at 1 kHz and storage moduli of G' = 900 ± 100 Pa. The conductivity of heparin/polyaniline networks depends on the oxidation state and microstructure of secondary polyaniline networks. Furthermore, heparin/polyaniline networks support the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of murine myoblasts without any surface treatments. Taken together, these results suggest that heparin/polyaniline hydrogel networks exhibit suitable physical properties as an electronically active biointerface material that can match the mechanical properties of soft tissues composed of excitable cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hangjun Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Mingjiang Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Young Jo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Pitirat Pholpabu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Aditya Balasubramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Chin Ming Hui
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Hongkun He
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Huai Yang
- School of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100187, People’s Republic of China
| | - Krzysztof Matyjaszewski
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Christopher John Bettinger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Jeong J, Kim MK, Cheng H, Yeo W, Huang X, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Capacitive epidermal electronics for electrically safe, long-term electrophysiological measurements. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:642-8. [PMID: 24132942 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Integration of capacitive sensing capabilities to epidermal electronic systems (EES) can enhance the robustness in operation for electrophysiological signal measurement. Capacitive EES designs are reusable, electrically safe, and minimally sensitive to motion artifacts. Experiments on human subjects illustrate levels of fidelity in ECG, EMG, and EOG recordings comparable to those of standard gel electrodes and of direct contact EES electrodes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae‐Woong Jeong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Min Ku Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - Woon‐Hong Yeo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Xian Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Yuhao Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Yihui Zhang
- Center for Engineering and Health Skin Disease Research Center Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
- Center for Mechanics and Materials Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern University Evanston IL 60208 USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology and Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Bauer S, Bauer-Gogonea S, Graz I, Kaltenbrunner M, Keplinger C, Schwödiauer R. 25th anniversary article: A soft future: from robots and sensor skin to energy harvesters. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:149-61. [PMID: 24307641 PMCID: PMC4240516 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 319] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Scientists are exploring elastic and soft forms of robots, electronic skin and energy harvesters, dreaming to mimic nature and to enable novel applications in wide fields, from consumer and mobile appliances to biomedical systems, sports and healthcare. All conceivable classes of materials with a wide range of mechanical, physical and chemical properties are employed, from liquids and gels to organic and inorganic solids. Functionalities never seen before are achieved. In this review we discuss soft robots which allow actuation with several degrees of freedom. We show that different actuation mechanisms lead to similar actuators, capable of complex and smooth movements in 3d space. We introduce latest research examples in sensor skin development and discuss ultraflexible electronic circuits, light emitting diodes and solar cells as examples. Additional functionalities of sensor skin, such as visual sensors inspired by animal eyes, camouflage, self-cleaning and healing and on-skin energy storage and generation are briefly reviewed. Finally, we discuss a paradigm change in energy harvesting, away from hard energy generators to soft ones based on dielectric elastomers. Such systems are shown to work with high energy of conversion, making them potentially interesting for harvesting mechanical energy from human gait, winds and ocean waves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siegfried Bauer
- Soft Matter Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenbergerstrasse 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Muskovich M, Bettinger CJ. Biomaterials-based electronics: polymers and interfaces for biology and medicine. Adv Healthc Mater 2012; 1:248-66. [PMID: 23184740 PMCID: PMC3642371 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201200071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Advanced polymeric biomaterials continue to serve as a cornerstone for new medical technologies and therapies. The vast majority of these materials, both natural and synthetic, interact with biological matter in the absence of direct electronic communication. However, biological systems have evolved to synthesize and utilize naturally-derived materials for the generation and modulation of electrical potentials, voltage gradients, and ion flows. Bioelectric phenomena can be translated into potent signaling cues for intra- and inter-cellular communication. These cues can serve as a gateway to link synthetic devices with biological systems. This progress report will provide an update on advances in the application of electronically active biomaterials for use in organic electronics and bio-interfaces. Specific focus will be granted to covering technologies where natural and synthetic biological materials serve as integral components such as thin film electronics, in vitro cell culture models, and implantable medical devices. Future perspectives and emerging challenges will also be highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meredith Muskovich
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| | - Christopher J. Bettinger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Materials Science & Engineering, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213
| |
Collapse
|