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Xin J, Lu X, Cao J, Wu W, Liu Q, Wang D, Zhou X, Ding D. Fluorinated Organic Polymers for Cancer Drug Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404645. [PMID: 38678386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/30/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of cancer therapy, the spotlight is on nanoscale pharmaceutical delivery systems, especially polymer-based nanoparticles, for their enhanced drug dissolution, extended presence in the bloodstream, and precision targeting achieved via surface engineering. Leveraging the amplified permeation and retention phenomenon, these systems concentrate therapeutic agents within tumor tissues. Nonetheless, the hurdles of systemic toxicity, biological barriers, and compatibility with living systems persist. Fluorinated polymers, distinguished by their chemical idiosyncrasies, are poised for extensive biomedical applications, notably in stabilizing drug metabolism, augmenting lipophilicity, and optimizing bioavailability. Material science heralds the advent of fluorinated polymers that, by integrating fluorine atoms, unveil a suite of drug delivery merits: the hydrophobic traits of fluorinated alkyl chains ward off lipid or protein disruption, the carbon-fluorine bond's stability extends the drug's lifecycle in the system, and a lower alkalinity coupled with a diminished ionic charge bolsters the drug's ability to traverse cellular membranes. This comprehensive review delves into the utilization of fluorinated polymers for oncological pharmacotherapy, elucidating their molecular architecture, synthetic pathways, and functional attributes, alongside an exploration of their empirical strengths and the quandaries they encounter in both experimental and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingrui Xin
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Xue Lu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen, Futian), and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jimin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Weihui Wu
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen, Futian), and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Urology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Deping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology at Shanxi Medical University, Ministry of Education, and First Clinical Medical College, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China
| | - Dan Ding
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai International Advanced Research Institute (Shenzhen, Futian), and College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
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Luo R, Le H, Wu Q, Gong C. Nanoplatform-Based In Vivo Gene Delivery Systems for Cancer Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2312153. [PMID: 38441386 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202312153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy uses modern molecular biology methods to repair disease-causing genes. As a burgeoning therapeutic, it has been widely applied for cancer therapy. Since 1989, there have been numerous clinical gene therapy cases worldwide. However, a few are successful. The main challenge of clinical gene therapy is the lack of efficient and safe vectors. Although viral vectors show high transfection efficiency, their application is still limited by immune rejection and packaging capacity. Therefore, the development of non-viral vectors is overwhelming. Nanoplatform-based non-viral vectors become a hotspot in gene therapy. The reasons are mainly as follows. 1) Non-viral vectors can be engineered to be uptaken by specific types of cells or tissues, providing effective targeting capability. 2) Non-viral vectors can protect goods that need to be delivered from degradation. 3) Nanoparticles can transport large-sized cargo such as CRISPR/Cas9 plasmids and nucleoprotein complexes. 4) Nanoparticles are highly biosafe, and they are not mutagenic in themselves compared to viral vectors. 5) Nanoparticles are easy to scale preparation, which is conducive to clinical conversion and application. Here, an overview of the categories of nanoplatform-based non-viral gene vectors, the limitations on their development, and their applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hao Le
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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3
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Ma S, Li Y, Liu F, Wang X, Qin Z, Wang L, Yang J, Wang L, Yang W, Wang N, You Y, Wu Q, Gong C. Hierarchical-unlocking virus-esque NanoCRISPR precisely disrupts autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF for tumor inhibition and antiangiogenesis. J Control Release 2024; 366:505-518. [PMID: 38184233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) not only serves as an autocrine survival factor for tumor cells themselves, but also stimulates angiogenesis by paracrine pathway. Strategies targeting VEGF holds tremendous potential for tumor therapy, however, agents targeting VEGF are limited by intolerable side effects, together with incomplete and temporary blocking of VEGF, resulting in unsatisfactory and unsustained therapeutic outcomes. Herein, hierarchical-unlocking virus-esque NanoCRISPR (HUNGER) is constructed for complete, permanent and efficient intracellular disruption of autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF, thereby eliciting notable tumor inhibition and antiangiogenesis. After intravenous administration, HUNGER exhibits prolonged blood circulation and hyaluronic acid-CD44 mediated tumor-targeting capability. Subsequently, when matrix metalloproteinase-2 is overexpressed in the tumor microenvironment, the PEG layer will be removed. The cell-penetrating peptide R8 endows HUNGER deep tumor penetration and specific cellular uptake. Upon cellular internalization, HUNGER undergoes hyaluronidase-triggered deshielding in lysosome, lysosomal escape is realized swiftly, and then the loaded CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid (>8 kb) is transported to nucleus efficiently. Consequentially, complete, permanent and efficient intracellular disruption of autocrine and paracrine pathway of VEGF ensures inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth with inappreciable toxicity. Overall, this work opens a brand-new avenue for anti-VEGF therapy and presents a feasible strategy for in vivo delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ma
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Furong Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zeyi Qin
- Department of Biology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanjie You
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan 750002, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Changyang Gong
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Yang J, Bai L, Shen M, Gou X, Xiang Z, Ma S, Wu Q, Gong C. A Multiple Stimuli-Responsive NanoCRISPR Overcomes Tumor Redox Heterogeneity to Augment Photodynamic Therapy. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37310989 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Redox heterogeneity of tumor cells has become one of the key factors leading to the failure of conventional photodynamic therapy (PDT). Exploration of a distinctive therapeutic strategy addressing heterogeneous predicaments is an appealing yet highly challenging task. Herein, a multiple stimuli-responsive nanoCRISPR (Must-nano) with spatial arrangement peculiarities in nanostructure and intracellular delivery is fabricated to overcome redox heterogeneity at both genetic and phenotypic levels for tumor-specific activatable PDT. Must-nano consists of a redox-sensitive core loading CRISPR/Cas9 targeting hypoxia-inducible factors-1α (HIF-1α) and a rationally designed multiple-responsive shell anchored by chlorin e6 (Ce6). Benefiting from the perfect coordination of structure and function, Must-nano avoids enzyme/photodegradation of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and exerts prolonged circulation, precise tumor recognition, and cascade-responsive performances to surmount tumor extra/intracellular barriers. After internalization into tumor cells, Must-nano could undergo hyaluronidase-triggered self-disassembly with charge reversal and rapid endosomal escape, followed by site-specific release and spatially asynchronous delivery of Ce6 and CRISPR/Cas9 under stimulations of redox signals, which not only improves tumor vulnerability to oxidative stress by complete HIF-1α disruption but also destroys the intrinsic antioxidant mechanism through glutathione depletion, thereby homogenizing redox-heterogeneous cells into oxidative stress-sensitive cell subsets. Under laser irradiation, Must-nano eventually exhibits optimal potency to amplify oxidative damage, effectively inhibiting the growth and hypoxia survival of redox-heterogeneous tumor in vitro and in vivo. Overall, our redox homogenization tactic significantly maximizes PDT efficacy and offers a promising strategy to overcome tumor redox heterogeneity in the development of antitumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Meiling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzheng Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Changyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Yang R, Zhan M, Ouyang Z, Guo H, Qu J, Xia J, Shen M, Shi X. Microfluidic synthesis of fibronectin-coated polydopamine nanocomplexes for self-supplementing tumor microenvironment regulation and MR imaging-guided chemo-chemodynamic-immune therapy. Mater Today Bio 2023; 20:100670. [PMID: 37251416 PMCID: PMC10220494 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of nanomedicines to overcome the hindrances of tumor microenvironment (TME) for tumor theranostics with alleviated side effects remains challenging. We report here a microfluidic synthesis of artesunate (ART)-loaded polydopamine (PDA)/iron (Fe) nanocomplexes (NCs) coated with fibronectin (FN). The created multifunctional Fe-PDA@ART/FN NCs (FDRF NCs) with a mean size of 161.0 nm exhibit desired colloidal stability, monodispersity, r1 relaxivity (4.96 mM-1s-1), and biocompatibility. The co-delivery of the Fe2+ and ART enables enhanced chemodynamic therapy (CDT) through improved intracellular reactive oxygen species generation via a cycling reaction between Fe3+ and Fe2+ caused by the Fe3+-mediated glutathione oxidation and Fe2+-mediated ART reduction/Fenton reaction for self-supplementing TME regulation. Likewise, the combination of ART-mediated chemotherapy and the Fe2+/ART-regulated enhanced CDT enables noticeable immunogenic cell death, which can be collaborated with antibody-mediated immune checkpoint blockade to exert immunotherapy having significant antitumor immunity. The combined therapy improves the efficacy of primary tumor therapy and tumor metastasis inhibition by virtue of FN-mediated specific targeting of FDRF NCs to tumors with highly expressed αvβ3 integrin and can be guided through the Fe(III)-rendered magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The developed FDRF NCs may be regarded as an advanced nanomedicine formulation for chemo-chemodynamic-immune therapy of different tumor types under MR imaging guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Mengsi Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Zhijun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Honghua Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, PR China
| | - Jiao Qu
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, PR China
| | - Jindong Xia
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai, 201600, PR China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, PR China
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Liu N, Zhang R, Shi Q, Jiang H, Zhou Q. Intelligent delivery system targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for cancer immunotherapy. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106550. [PMID: 37121105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have gained abundant clinical applications for cancer immunotherapy. However, only a part of patients benefit from such immunotherapy. Thus, brilliant novel tactic to increase the response rate of patients is on the agenda. Nanocarriers, particularly the rationally designed intelligent delivery systems with controllable therapeutic agent release ability and improved tumor targeting capacity, are firmly recommended. In light of this, state-of-the-art nanocarriers that are responsive to tumor-specific microenvironments (internal stimuli, including tumor acidic microenvironment, high level of GSH and ROS, specifically upregulated enzymes) or external stimuli (e.g., light, ultrasound, radiation) and release the target immunomodulators at tumor sites feature the advantages of increased anti-tumor potency but decreased off-target toxicity. Given the fantastic past achievements and the rapid developments in this field, the future is promising. In this review, intelligent delivery platforms targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis are attentively appraised. Specifically, mechanisms of the action of these stimuli-responsive drug release platforms are summarized to raise some guidelines for prior PD-1/PD-L1-based nanocarrier designs. Finally, the conclusion and outlook in intelligent delivery system targeting PD-1/PD-L1 pathway for cancer immunotherapy are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Renshuai Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Moji-Nano Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai 264006, China
| | - Hongfei Jiang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Cancer Institute, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Qihui Zhou
- School of Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Tianjin Enterprise Key Laboratory for Application Research of Hyaluronic Acid, Tianjin 300038, China; Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Xing Y, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang C, Pan Z, Liu FL, Liu Y, Liu Q. Remodeling Tumor Immunogenicity with Dual-Activatable Binary CRISPR Nanomedicine for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5713-5726. [PMID: 36897187 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The specific recognition of cancer cells by the body's immune system is an essential step in initiating antitumor immunity. However, the decreased expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-1) and overexpression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) causes insufficient tumor-associated antigens presentation and inactivation of T cells, which accounts for poor immunogenicity. To remodel tumor immunogenicity, herein, a dual-activatable binary CRISPR nanomedicine (DBCN) that can efficiently deliver a CRISPR system into tumor tissues and specifically control its activation is reported. This DBCN is made of a thioketal-cross-linked polyplex core and an acid-detachable polymer shell, which can maintain stability during blood circulation, while detaching a polymer shell to facilitate the cellular internalization of the CRISPR system after entering tumor tissues and ultimately activating gene editing under exogenous laser irradiation, thereby maximizing the therapeutic benefits and reducing potential safety concerns. With the collaborative application of multiple CRISPR systems, DBCN efficiently corrects both dysregulation of MHC-1 and PD-L1 expression in tumors, thus initiating robust T cell-dependent antitumor immune responses to inhibit malignant tumor growth, metastasis, and recurrence. Given the increasing abundance of CRISPR toolkits, this research provides an appealing therapeutic strategy and a universal delivery platform to develop more advanced CRISPR-based cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Xing
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines of Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines of Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yunlong Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines of Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zheng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fei-Long Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines of Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory of Immune Medicines of Ministry of Education, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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Liu J, Li G, Guo H, Ni C, Gao Y, Cao X, Xia J, Shi X, Guo R. Dual-Responsive Core-Shell Tecto Dendrimers Enable Efficient Gene Editing of Cancer Cells to Boost Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12809-12821. [PMID: 36853989 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy has become a promising strategy in treating multiple tumor types, but the therapeutic efficacy is still unsatisfactory due to the temporary and inefficient blocking and the poor immune responsiveness. Herein, we report the development of dual reactive oxygen species (ROS)- and pH-responsive core-shell tecto dendrimers loaded with gold nanoparticles (for short, Au CSTDs) to deliver a plasmid-clustered regularly interspersed short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system for the permanent disruption of the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) gene in cancer cells to boost cancer immunotherapy. In our work, Au CSTDs were constructed using lactobionic acid (LA)-modified generation 5 poly(amidoamine) dendrimers entrapped with gold nanoparticles as cores and phenylboronic acid (PBA)-conjugated generation 3 dendrimers as shells via the formation of responsive phenylborate ester bonds between PBA and LA. The plasmid-CRISPR/Cas9 system can be efficiently compacted and specifically taken up by cancer cells overexpressing sialic acids due to the PBA-mediated targeting and be responsively released in cancer cells by the responsive dissociation of the Au CSTDs, leading to the successful endosomal escape and the efficient knockout of the PD-L1 gene. Further in vivo delivery in a mouse melanoma model reveals that the developed Au CSTDs/plasmid-CRISPR/Cas9 complexes can be specifically accumulated at the tumor site for enhanced computed tomography (CT) imaging of tumors, owing to the X-ray attenuation effect of Au, and disrupt the PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, thus promoting the ICB-based antitumor immunity. The designed dual-responsive Au CSTDs may be developed as a versatile tool for genetic engineering of other cell types to achieve different therapeutic effects for expanded space of biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gaoming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Honghua Guo
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Cheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xueyan Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jindong Xia
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Songjiang District Central Hospital, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rui Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Nano-Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, College of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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9
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Wang N, Liu C, Li Y, Huang D, Wu X, Kou X, Wang X, Wu Q, Gong C. A cooperative nano-CRISPR scaffold potentiates immunotherapy via activation of tumour-intrinsic pyroptosis. Nat Commun 2023; 14:779. [PMID: 36774382 PMCID: PMC9922300 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Efficient cancer immunotherapy depends on selective targeting of high bioactivity therapeutic agents to the tumours. However, delivering exogenous medication might prove difficult in clinical practice. Here we report a cooperative Nano-CRISPR scaffold (Nano-CD) that utilizes a specific sgRNA, selected from a functional screen for triggering endogenous GDSME expression, while releasing cisplatin to initiate immunologic cell death. Mechanistically, cascade-amplification of the antitumor immune response is prompted by the adjuvantic properties of the lytic intracellular content and enhanced by the heightened GDSME expression, resulting in pyroptosis and the release of tumor associated antigens. Neither of the single components provide efficient tumour control, while tumor growth is efficiently inhibited in primary and recurrent melanomas due to the combinatorial effect of cisplatin and self-supplied GSDME. Moreover, Nano-CD in combination with checkpoint blockade creates durable immune memory and strong systemic anti-tumor immune response, leading to disease relapse prevention, lung metastasis inhibition and increased survival in mouse melanomas. Taken together, our therapeutic approach utilizes CRISPR-technology to enable cell-intrinsic protein expression for immunotherapy, using GDSME as prototypic immune modulator. This nanoplatform thus can be applied to modulate further immunological processes for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dongxue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiaorong Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xiye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Changyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wang Y, Wu M, Wang X, Wang P, Ning Z, Zeng Y, Liu X, Sun H, Zheng A. Biodegradable MnO 2-based gene-engineered nanocomposites for chemodynamic therapy and enhanced antitumor immunity. Mater Today Bio 2023; 18:100531. [PMID: 36619204 PMCID: PMC9812708 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is emerging as a promising therapeutic approach for clinical treatment against various cancers. However, ICB based monotherapies still suffer from low immune response rate due to the limited and exhausted tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes as well as tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. In this work, the cell membrane with surface displaying PD-1 proteins (PD1-CM) was prepared for immune checkpoint blockade, which was further combined with multifunctional and biodegradable MnO2 for systematic and robust antitumor therapy. The MnO2-based gene-engineered nanocomposites can catalyze the decomposition of abundant H2O2 in TME to generate O2, which can promote the intratumoral infiltration of T cells, and thus improve the effect of immune checkpoint blockade by PD-1 proteins on PD1-CM. Furthermore, MnO2 in the nanocomposites can be completely degraded into Mn2+, which can catalyze the generation of highly toxic hydroxyl radicals for chemodynamic therapy, thereby further enhancing the therapeutic effect. In addition, the prepared nanocomposites possess the advantages of low cost, easy preparation and good biocompatibility, which are expected to become promising agents for combination immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China
| | - Ming Wu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Zhaoyu Ning
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350116, PR China
| | - Yongyi Zeng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, 350002, PR China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100029, PR China
| | - Aixian Zheng
- The United Innovation of Mengchao Hepatobiliary Technology Key Laboratory of Fujian Province, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350025, PR China
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11
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Ren X, He X, Xu C, Han D, Cheng S. Functional Tumor Targeting Nano-Systems for Reprogramming Circulating Tumor Cells with In Situ Evaluation on Therapeutic Efficiency at the Single-Cell Level. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105806. [PMID: 35595716 PMCID: PMC9313495 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity is primarily responsible for treatment resistance and cancer relapses. Being critically important to address this issue, the timely evaluation of the appropriateness of therapeutic actions at the single-cell level is still facing challenges. By using multi-functionalized nano-systems with the delivery vector composed of histone for plasmids loading, hyaluronic acid for tumor targeting, and a fusion peptide for C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) targeting as well as nuclear localization, the reprogramming of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) with in situ detection on biomarkers at the single-cell level is realized. By efficient co-delivery of the genome editing plasmid for CXCR4 knockout and molecular beacons for detection of upregulated mRNA biomarkers into CTCs in unprocessed whole blood, the therapeutic outcomes of genome editing at the single-cell level can be in situ evaluated. The single-cell analysis shows that CXCR4 in CTCs of cancer patients is efficiently downregulated, resulting in upregulated anticancer biomarkers such as p53 and p21. The study provides a facile strategy for in-depth profiling of cancer cell responses to therapeutic actions at single-cell resolution to evaluate the outcomes of treatments timely and conveniently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐He Ren
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of EducationDepartment of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Yan He
- School of Life SciencesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032P. R. China
| | - Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of EducationDepartment of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Di Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of EducationDepartment of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
| | - Si‐Xue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Polymers of Ministry of EducationDepartment of ChemistryWuhan UniversityWuhan430072P. R. China
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12
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Xu Z, Wang Q, Zhong H, Jiang Y, Shi X, Yuan B, Yu N, Zhang S, Yuan X, Guo S, Yang Y. Carrier strategies boost the application of CRISPR/Cas system in gene therapy. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2022; 2:20210081. [PMID: 37323878 PMCID: PMC10190933 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20210081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/associated protein (CRISPR/Cas) genome editing technology shows great potential in gene therapy. However, proteins and nucleic acids suffer from enzymatic degradation in the physiological environment and low permeability into cells. Exploiting carriers to protect the CRISPR system from degradation, enhance its targeting of specific tissues and cells, and reduce its immunogenicity is essential to stimulate its clinical applications. Here, the authors review the state-of-the-art CRISPR delivery systems and their applications, and describe strategies to improve the safety and efficacy of CRISPR mediated genome editing, categorized by three types of cargo formats, that is, Cas: single-guide RNA ribonucleoprotein, Cas mRNA and single-guide RNA, and Cas plasmid expressing CRISPR/Cas systems. The authors hope this review will help develop safe and efficient nanomaterial-based carriers for CRISPR tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunkai Xu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Qingnan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduChina
| | - Haiping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yaoyao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Xiaoguang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Bo Yuan
- School of MedicineNankai UniversityTianjinChina
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceTianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Eye HospitalTianjinChina
| | - Na Yu
- Translational Medicine CenterKey Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences and The Second Affiliated HospitalGuangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Shubiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization of Ministry of EducationDalian Minzu UniversityDalianChina
| | - Xiaoyong Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceTianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Eye HospitalTianjinChina
- Clinical College of OphthalmologyTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Shutao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationState Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and Institute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjinChina
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation CenterChengduChina
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13
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Wu M, Huang Q, Xie Y, Wu X, Ma H, Zhang Y, Xia Y. Improvement of the anticancer efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade via combination therapy and PD-L1 regulation. J Hematol Oncol 2022; 15:24. [PMID: 35279217 PMCID: PMC8917703 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-022-01242-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint molecules are promising anticancer targets, among which therapeutic antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been widely applied to cancer treatment in clinical practice and have great potential. However, this treatment is greatly limited by its low response rates in certain cancers, lack of known biomarkers, immune-related toxicity, innate and acquired drug resistance, etc. Overcoming these limitations would significantly expand the anticancer applications of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade and improve the response rate and survival time of cancer patients. In the present review, we first illustrate the biological mechanisms of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoints and their role in the healthy immune system as well as in the tumor microenvironment (TME). The PD-1/PD-L1 pathway inhibits the anticancer effect of T cells in the TME, which in turn regulates the expression levels of PD-1 and PD-L1 through multiple mechanisms. Several strategies have been proposed to solve the limitations of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment, including combination therapy with other standard treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, anti-angiogenic therapy, other immunotherapies and even diet control. Downregulation of PD-L1 expression in the TME via pharmacological or gene regulation methods improves the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 treatment. Surprisingly, recent preclinical studies have shown that upregulation of PD-L1 in the TME also improves the response and efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. Immunotherapy is a promising anticancer strategy that provides novel insight into clinical applications. This review aims to guide the development of more effective and less toxic anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianrui Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, China.,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Xuyi Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongbo Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Yong Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China. .,Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province/Rehabilitation Medicine Research Institute, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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14
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Yang S, Wong KH, Hua P, He C, Yu H, Shao D, Shi Z, Chen M. ROS-responsive fluorinated polyethyleneimine vector to co-deliver shMTHFD2 and shGPX4 plasmids induces ferroptosis and apoptosis for cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2022; 140:492-505. [PMID: 34879292 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a newly discovered non-apoptotic cell death form but its therapeutic efficacy triggered by traditional iron-based nanomaterials or classic drug inducers has been far from satisfactory due to the high glutathione (GSH) level in cancer cells and insufficient lipid peroxide production. Here we reported a ferroptosis/apoptosis combinational therapy by depleting GSH and downregulating GPX4 to disrupt redox homeostasis and amplify ferroptosis-related oxidation effect. In this study, we developed reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive serum-resistant nanoparticles with thioketal-crosslinked fluorinated polyethyleneimine 1.8K (TKPF) as the core, which were wrapped with hyaluronic acid (HA) as the shell (TKPFH NP) to co-deliver shGPX4 and shMTHFD2 plasmids for cancer treatment. The highly efficient and tumor-selective gene carrier TKPFH NPs revealed outstanding transfection efficiency (∼100 %) and sustained the efficiency (∼50 %) even in media containing 90 % FBS. Mediated by HA, TKPFH NPs actively targeted CD44 receptors, thus enabling efficient uptake by tumor cells and experiencing surface charge conversion to induce subsequent lysosomal escape. Then the TKPF NPs were effectively disintegrated by the abundant ROS in cancer cells, which facilitated the release of plasmids and avoided the cytotoxicity of cationic polymers. shGPX4 plasmid induced ferroptosis by producing ROS and lipid peroxides via downregulating GPX4, while shMTHFD2 triggered apoptosis by modulating NADPH/NADP and depleting GSH of the cancer cells. Moreover, GSH consumption caused by shMTHFD2 indirectly suppressed GPX4 and further augmented ferroptosis, showing synergistic anticancer effect against B16-F10 cells. Taken together, the rationally designed dual-gene loaded TKPFH NPs provided a safe and high-performance platform for enhanced ferroptosis-apoptosis combined anticancer efficacy based on gene therapy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The therapeutic efficacy of ferroptosis has been far from satisfactory due to high GSH level and insufficient lipid peroxide production in cancer cells. Herein, we reported a ferroptosis/apoptosis combinational therapy by depleting GSH and downregulating GPX4 to disrupt redox homeostasis and amplify ferroptosis-related oxidation effect. ROS-responsive serum-resistant nanoparticles were fabricated with thioketal-crosslinked fluorinated PEI 1.8K (TKPF) as the core and hyaluronic acid (HA) as the shell (TKPFH NP) to co-deliver shGPX4 and shMTHFD2 plasmids. The shGPX4 plasmid induced ferroptosis by producing ROS and lipid peroxides via downregulating GPX4, while shMTHFD2 triggered apoptosis by modulating NADPH/NADP and depleting GSH. The rationally designed dual-gene loaded TKPFH NPs provided a safe and high-performance platform aimed for enhanced ferroptosis-apoptosis combined anticancer efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleixin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Ka Hong Wong
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Peng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Chengwei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Hua Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Institutes of Life Sciences, School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhi Shi
- Department of Cell Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bioengineering Medicine, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China.
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15
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A targeting delivery system for effective genome editing in leukemia cells to reverse malignancy. J Control Release 2022; 343:645-656. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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16
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Song T, Gao Y, Song M, Qian J, Zhang H, Zhou J, Ding Y. Fluoropolymers-mediated efficient biomacromolecule drug delivery. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2022.100123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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17
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Ban Q, Yang P, Chou SJ, Qiao L, Xia H, Xue J, Wang F, Xu X, Sun N, Zhang RY, Zhang C, Lee A, Liu W, Lin TY, Ko YL, Antovski P, Zhang X, Chiou SH, Lee CF, Hui W, Liu D, Jonas SJ, Weiss PS, Tseng HR. Supramolecular Nanosubstrate-Mediated Delivery for CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Disruption and Deletion. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100546. [PMID: 34105245 PMCID: PMC8282741 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) is an efficient and precise gene-editing technology that offers a versatile solution for establishing treatments directed at genetic diseases. Currently, CRISPR/Cas9 delivery into cells relies primarily on viral vectors, which suffer from limitations in packaging capacity and safety concerns. These issues with a nonviral delivery strategy are addressed, where Cas9•sgRNA ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes can be encapsulated into supramolecular nanoparticles (SMNP) to form RNP⊂SMNPs, which can then be delivered into targeted cells via supramolecular nanosubstrate-mediated delivery. Utilizing the U87 glioblastoma cell line as a model system, a variety of parameters for cellular-uptake of the RNP-laden nanoparticles are examined. Dose- and time-dependent CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene disruption is further examined in a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing U87 cell line (GFP-U87). The utility of an optimized SMNP formulation in co-delivering Cas9 protein and two sgRNAs that target deletion of exons 45-55 (708 kb) of the dystrophin gene is demonstrated. Mutations in this region lead to Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a severe genetic muscle wasting disease. Efficient delivery of these gene deletion cargoes is observed in a human cardiomyocyte cell line (AC16), induced pluripotent stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ban
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Department of Medical Research, and Stem Cell Center, Division of Basic Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street 112, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li Qiao
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Haidong Xia
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Stem Cell and Translational Medicine, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Jingjing Xue
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, 1239 Siping Road, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Na Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ryan Y Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ceng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Athena Lee
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Wenfei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ting-Yi Lin
- Department of Medical Research, and Stem Cell Center, Division of Basic Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street 112, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Ko
- Department of Medical Research, and Stem Cell Center, Division of Basic Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street 112, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Petar Antovski
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, and Stem Cell Center, Division of Basic Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Institute of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street 112, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Fa Lee
- Department of Chemistry, i-Center for Advanced Science and Technology (iCAST), Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University (NCHU), 145 Xingda Road, South Dist., Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Wenqiao Hui
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Product Safety Engineering, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Anhui Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Dahai Liu
- School of Stomatology and Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan, 528000, China
| | - Steven J Jonas
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Paul S Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Bioengineering, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Hsian-Rong Tseng
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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18
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Yang J, Li Z, Shen M, Wang Y, Wang L, Li J, Yang W, Li J, Li H, Wang X, Wu Q, Gong C. Programmable Unlocking Nano-Matryoshka-CRISPR Precisely Reverses Immunosuppression to Unleash Cascade Amplified Adaptive Immune Response. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2100292. [PMID: 34258164 PMCID: PMC8261501 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is an attractive option in cancer therapy, but its efficacy is still less than expected due to the transient and incomplete blocking and the low responsiveness. Herein, an unprecedented programmable unlocking nano-matryoshka-CRISPR system (PUN) targeting programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and protein tyrosine phosphatase N2 (PTPN2) is fabricated for permanent and complete and highly responsive immunotherapy. While PUN is inert at normal physiological conditions, enzyme-abundant tumor microenvironment and preternatural intracellular oxidative stress sequentially trigger programmable unlocking of PUN to realize a nano-matryoshka-like release of CRISPR/Cas9. The successful nucleus localization of CRISPR/Cas9 ensures the highly efficient disruption of PD-L1 and PTPN2 to unleash cascade amplified adaptive immune response via revoking the immune checkpoint effect. PD-L1 downregulation in tumor cells not only disrupts PD-1/PD-L1 interaction to attenuate the immunosurveillance evasion but also spurs potent immune T cell responses to enhance adaptive immunity. Synchronously, inhibition of JAK/STAT pathway is relieved by deleting PTPN2, which promotes tumor susceptibility to CD8+ T cells depending on IFN-γ, thus further amplifying adaptive immune responses. Combining these advances together, PUN exhibits optimal antitumor efficiency and long-term immune memory with negligible toxicity, which provides a promising alternative to current ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Zhike Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Meiling Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Jiamiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Wen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Jie Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Haijun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Xinxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Qinjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
| | - Changyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu610041P. R. China
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Lin X, Wang X, Gu Q, Lei D, Liu X, Yao C. Emerging nanotechnological strategies to reshape tumor microenvironment for enhanced therapeutic outcomes of cancer immunotherapy. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 33601351 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/abe7b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy was emerged as a novel cancer treatment in the last decade, however, efficacious responses to mono-immunotherapy have only been achieved in a relatively small portion of patients whereas combinational immunotherapies often lead to concurrent side effects. It has been proved that the tumor microenvironment (TME) is responsible for tumor immune escape and the ultimate treatment failure. Recently, both the understanding of the TME and the applications of nanotechnological strategies have achieved remarkable progresses, and reviewing the emerging immune-regulatory nanosystems may provide valuable information for specifically modulating the TME at different immune stages. In this review, we focus on comprehending the recently proposed T-cell-based tumor classification and identifying the most promising targets for different tumor phenotypes, and then summarizing the nanotechnological strategies to best target corresponding immune-related factors. For future precise personalized immunotherapy, the tailor-made TME modulation strategies conducted by well-designed nanosystems to alleviate the suppressive TME and then promote anti-tumor immune responses will significantly benefit the clinical outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Lin
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, NO. 28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, CHINA
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, NO.15 Shangdian Road, Fuzhou, 350002, CHINA
| | - Qing Gu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, NO.28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Dongqin Lei
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, NO.28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, NO.312 Xihong Road, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350025, CHINA
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Life Science and Technology, NO.28 Xianning Xi Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, CHINA
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