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Isolation, Detection and Analysis of Circulating Tumour Cells: A Nanotechnological Bioscope. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15010280. [PMID: 36678908 PMCID: PMC9864919 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the dreaded diseases to which a sizeable proportion of the population succumbs every year. Despite the tremendous growth of the health sector, spanning diagnostics to treatment, early diagnosis is still in its infancy. In this regard, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) have of late grabbed the attention of researchers in the detection of metastasis and there has been a huge surge in the surrounding research activities. Acting as a biomarker, CTCs prove beneficial in a variety of aspects. Nanomaterial-based strategies have been devised to have a tremendous impact on the early and rapid examination of tumor cells. This review provides a panoramic overview of the different nanotechnological methodologies employed along with the pharmaceutical purview of cancer. Initiating from fundamentals, the recent nanotechnological developments toward the detection, isolation, and analysis of CTCs are comprehensively delineated. The review also includes state-of-the-art implementations of nanotechnological advances in the enumeration of CTCs, along with future challenges and recommendations thereof.
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Wang C, Xu Y, Li S, Zhou Y, Qian Q, Liu Y, Mi X. Designer tetrahedral DNA framework-based microfluidic technology for multivalent capture and release of circulating tumor cells. Mater Today Bio 2022; 16:100346. [PMID: 35833198 PMCID: PMC9272028 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been recognized as a general biomarker for the early detection, diagnosis and therapy monitoring of cancer. Due to their extreme rarity in peripheral blood, the isolation and analysis of CTCs with high efficiency, high purity and high viability remains a tremendous technological challenge. Herein, we combined tetrahedral DNA framework (TDFs), herringbone channel (HB) chip, together with aptamer-triggered hybridization chain reaction (apt-HCR) to develop an efficient microfluidic system (T-μFS) for capture and release of simulated CTCs. The capture efficiency of MCF-7 cells was from 83.3% to 94.2% when the cell numbers ranged from 10 to 103 using our T-μFS in the whole blood. The release efficiency of the MCF-7 cells was 96.2% and the MCF-7 cell viability after release was 94.6% using our T-μFS in PBS buffer. Reculture and RT-qPCR studies showed that there was almost no damage by the capture and release treatment for the MCF-7 cells viability. These results revealed that our T-μFS could be developed as an integrated and automatic technical platform with great performance for multivalent capture and release of CTCs and have a wide application prospect for tumor liquid biopsy. Three-dimensional amine modified tetrahedral DNA frameworks (TDFs) as rigid scaffolds were anchored on the aldehyde modified substrate of HB-chip, which provided the better spatial orientation compared with single-stranded DNA. Aptamer partially hybridized to an initiator was employed to trigger HCR reaction, and HCR produced modified long products with multi-branched arms for multivalent binding on TDFs to improve the capture efficiency of CTCs. This is the first time that only employed DNA nanostructures in a microfluidic device system to capture CTCs, and all DNA nanostructures could be efficiently removed by enzymes without harming cells.
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Wavhale RD, Dhobale KD, Rahane CS, Chate GP, Tawade BV, Patil YN, Gawade SS, Banerjee SS. Water-powered self-propelled magnetic nanobot for rapid and highly efficient capture of circulating tumor cells. Commun Chem 2021; 4:159. [PMID: 36697678 PMCID: PMC9814645 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00598-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanosized robots with self-propelling and navigating capabilities have become an exciting field of research, attributable to their autonomous motion and specific biomolecular interaction ability for bio-analysis and diagnosis. Here, we report magnesium (Mg)-Fe3O4-based Magneto-Fluorescent Nanorobot ("MFN") that can self-propel in blood without any other additives and can selectively and rapidly isolate cancer cells. The nanobots viz; Mg-Fe3O4-GSH-G4-Cy5-Tf and Mg-Fe3O4-GSH-G4-Cy5-Ab have been designed and synthesized by simple surface modifications and conjugation chemistry to assemble multiple components viz; (i) EpCAM antibody/transferrin, (ii) cyanine 5 NHS (Cy5) dye, (iii) fourth generation (G4) dendrimers for multiple conjugation and (iv) glutathione (GSH) by chemical conjugation onto one side of Mg nanoparticle. The nanobots propelled efficiently not only in simulated biological media, but also in blood samples. With continuous motion upon exposure to water and the presence of Fe3O4 shell on Mg nanoparticle for magnetic guidance, the nanobot offers major improvements in sensitivity, efficiency and speed by greatly enhancing capture of cancer cells. The nanobots showed excellent cancer cell capture efficiency of almost 100% both in serum and whole blood, especially with MCF7 breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra D. Wavhale
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Kshama D. Dhobale
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Chinmay S. Rahane
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Govind P. Chate
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Bhausaheb V. Tawade
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Yuvraj N. Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Sandesh S. Gawade
- Department of Surgery, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
| | - Shashwat S. Banerjee
- Central Research Laboratory, Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Pune, 410507 India
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Singh B, Arora S, D'Souza A, Kale N, Aland G, Bharde A, Quadir M, Calderón M, Chaturvedi P, Khandare J. Chemo-specific designs for the enumeration of circulating tumor cells: advances in liquid biopsy. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:2946-2978. [PMID: 33480960 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advanced materials and chemo-specific designs at the nano/micrometer-scale have ensured revolutionary progress in next-generation clinically relevant technologies. For example, isolating a rare population of cells, like circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood amongst billions of other blood cells, is one of the most complex scientific challenges in cancer diagnostics. The chemical tunability for achieving this degree of exceptional specificity for extra-cellular biomarker interactions demands the utility of advanced entities and multistep reactions both in solution and in the insoluble state. Thus, this review delineates the chemo-specific substrates, chemical methods, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of chemical platforms used for isolation and enumeration of CTCs in advancing the relevance of liquid biopsy in cancer diagnostics and disease management. We highlight the synthesis of cell-specific, tumor biomarker-based, chemo-specific substrates utilizing functionalized linkers through chemistry-based conjugation strategies. The capacity of these nano/micro substrates to enhance the cell interaction specificity and efficiency with the targeted tumor cells is detailed. Furthermore, this review accounts for the importance of CTC capture and other downstream processes involving genotypic and phenotypic CTC analysis in real-time for the detection of the early onset of metastases progression and chemotherapy treatment response, and for monitoring progression free-survival (PFS), disease-free survival (DFS), and eventually overall survival (OS) in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balram Singh
- Actorius Innovations and Research Pvt. Ltd, Pune, 411057, India.
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Hazra RS, Kale N, Aland G, Qayyumi B, Mitra D, Jiang L, Bajwa D, Khandare J, Chaturvedi P, Quadir M. Cellulose Mediated Transferrin Nanocages for Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells for Head and Neck Cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10010. [PMID: 32561829 PMCID: PMC7305211 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we report a hierarchically organized, water-dispersible 'nanocage' composed of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), which are magnetically powered by iron oxide (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) to capture circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood for head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Capturing CTCs from peripheral blood is extremely challenging due to their low abundance and its account is clinically validated in progression-free survival of patients with HNC. Engaging multiple hydroxyl groups along the molecular backbone of CNC, we co-ordinated Fe3O4 NPs onto CNC scaffold, which was further modified by conjugation with a protein - transferrin (Tf) for targeted capture of CTCs. Owing to the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, these nanocages were magnetic in nature, and CTCs could be captured under the influence of a magnetic field. Tf-CNC-based nanocages were evaluated using HNC patients' blood sample and compared for the CTC capturing efficiency with clinically relevant Oncoviu platform. Conclusively, we observed that CNC-derived nanocages efficiently isolated CTCs from patient's blood at 85% of cell capture efficiency to that of the standard platform. Capture efficiency was found to vary with the concentration of Tf and Fe3O4 nanoparticles immobilized onto the CNC scaffold. We envision that, Tf-CNC platform has immense connotation in 'liquid biopsy' for isolation and enumeration of CTCs for early detection of metastasis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Shankar Hazra
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108, ND, USA
| | - Narendra Kale
- Maharashtra Institute of Technology-WPU, School of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | | | - Burhanuddin Qayyumi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipankar Mitra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108, ND, USA
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Nanotechnology Program, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108, ND, USA
| | - Dilpreet Bajwa
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717-3800, USA
| | - Jayant Khandare
- Maharashtra Institute of Technology-WPU, School of Pharmacy, Pune, India. .,Actorius Innovations and Research (AIR) Pvt. Ltd., Pune, India.
| | - Pankaj Chaturvedi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, 400012, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohiuddin Quadir
- Department of Coatings and Polymeric Materials, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58108, ND, USA.
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Xiao Y, Lin L, Shen M, Shi X. Design of DNA Aptamer-Functionalized Magnetic Short Nanofibers for Efficient Capture and Release of Circulating Tumor Cells. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:130-138. [PMID: 31855600 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The isolation of viable circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood is of paramount significance for early stage detection and individualized therapy of cancer. Currently, CTCs isolated by conventional magnetic separation methods are tightly coated with magnetic materials even after attempted coating removal treatments, which is not conducive for subsequent analysis of CTCs. Herein, we developed DNA aptamer-functionalized magnetic short nanofibers (aptamer-MSNFs) for efficient capture and release of CTCs. In our work, polyethylenimine (PEI)-stabilized Fe3O4 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 22.6 nm were first synthesized and encapsulated within PEI/poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers via a blended electrospinning process. After a homogenization treatment to acquire the MSNFs, surface conjugation of the DNA aptamer was performed through thiol-maleimide coupling. The formed aptamer-MSNFs, with a mean diameter of 350 nm and an average length of 9.6 μm, display a saturated magnetization of 12.3 emu g-1, are capable of specifically capturing cancer cells with an efficiency of 87%, and enable the nondestructive release of cancer cells with a release efficiency of 91% after nuclease treatment. In particular, the prepared aptamer-MSNFs displayed a significantly higher release efficiency than commercial magnetic beads. The designed aptamer-MSNFs may hold great promise for CTC capture and release as well as for other cell sorting applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Lizhou Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital , Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine , Shanghai 200080 , P. R. China
| | - Mingwu Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
| | - Xiangyang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology , Donghua University , Shanghai 201620 , P. R. China
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Cardoso VF, Francesko A, Ribeiro C, Bañobre-López M, Martins P, Lanceros-Mendez S. Advances in Magnetic Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29280314 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) are emerging as an important class of biomedical functional nanomaterials in areas such as hyperthermia, drug release, tissue engineering, theranostic, and lab-on-a-chip, due to their exclusive chemical and physical properties. Although some works can be found reviewing the main application of magnetic NPs in the area of biomedical engineering, recent and intense progress on magnetic nanoparticle research, from synthesis to surface functionalization strategies, demands for a work that includes, summarizes, and debates current directions and ongoing advancements in this research field. Thus, the present work addresses the structure, synthesis, properties, and the incorporation of magnetic NPs in nanocomposites, highlighting the most relevant effects of the synthesis on the magnetic and structural properties of the magnetic NPs and how these effects limit their utilization in the biomedical area. Furthermore, this review next focuses on the application of magnetic NPs on the biomedical field. Finally, a discussion of the main challenges and an outlook of the future developments in the use of magnetic NPs for advanced biomedical applications are critically provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Fernandes Cardoso
- Centro de Física; Universidade do Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- MEMS-Microelectromechanical Systems Research Unit; Universidade do Minho; 4800-058 Guimarães Portugal
| | | | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Centro de Física; Universidade do Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
- CEB-Centre of Biological Engineering; University of Minho; Campus de Gualtar 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | | | - Pedro Martins
- Centro de Física; Universidade do Minho; 4710-057 Braga Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- BCMaterials; Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Bizkaia; 48160 Derio Spain
- IKERBASQUE; Basque Foundation for Science; 48013 Bilbao Spain
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8
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Biglione C, Bergueiro J, Asadian-Birjand M, Weise C, Khobragade V, Chate G, Dongare M, Khandare J, Strumia MC, Calderón M. Optimizing Circulating Tumor Cells' Capture Efficiency of Magnetic Nanogels by Transferrin Decoration. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E174. [PMID: 30966210 PMCID: PMC6414968 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic nanogels (MNGs) are designed to have all the required features for their use as highly efficient trapping materials in the challenging task of selectively capturing circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the bloodstream. Advantageously, the discrimination of CTCs from hematological cells, which is a key factor in the capturing process, can be optimized by finely tuning the polymers used to link the targeting moiety to the MNG. We describe herein the relationship between the capturing efficiency of CTCs with overexpressed transferrin receptors and the different strategies on the polymer used as linker to decorate these MNGs with transferrin (Tf). Heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers with different molecular weights were coupled to Tf in different ratios. Optimal values over 80% CTC capture efficiency were obtained when 3 PEG linkers with a length of 8 ethylene glycol (EG) units were used, which reveals the important role of the linker in the design of a CTC-sorting system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catalina Biglione
- LAMAP Laboratorio de Materiales Poliméricos, IPQA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Julian Bergueiro
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Mazdak Asadian-Birjand
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christoph Weise
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Vrushali Khobragade
- Actorius Innovations and Research, B 411, GO Square, Wakad Road, 411057 Pune, India.
- Surgical Oncologist, Manik Hospital and Research Center, Aurangabad 431001, India.
| | - Govind Chate
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manoj Dongare
- Actorius Innovations and Research, B 411, GO Square, Wakad Road, 411057 Pune, India.
- Surgical Oncologist, Manik Hospital and Research Center, Aurangabad 431001, India.
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Jayant Khandare
- Actorius Innovations and Research, B 411, GO Square, Wakad Road, 411057 Pune, India.
- Surgical Oncologist, Manik Hospital and Research Center, Aurangabad 431001, India.
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Miriam C Strumia
- LAMAP Laboratorio de Materiales Poliméricos, IPQA-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Takustr. 3, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Austin RG, Huang TJ, Wu M, Armstrong AJ, Zhang T. Clinical utility of non-EpCAM based circulating tumor cell assays. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2018; 125:132-142. [PMID: 29366804 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Methods enabling the isolation, detection, and characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in blood have clear potential to facilitate precision medicine approaches in patients with cancer, not only for prognostic purposes but also for prediction of the benefits of specific therapies in oncology. However, current CTC assays, which capture CTCs based on expression of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), fail to capture cells from de-differentiated tumors and carcinomas undergoing loss of the epithelial phenotype during the invasion/metastatic process. To address this limitation, many groups are developing non-EpCAM based CTC assays that incorporate nanotechnology to improve test sensitivity for rare but important cells that may otherwise go undetected, and therefore may improve upon clinical utility. In this review, we outline emerging non-EpCAM based CTC assays utilizing nanotechnology approaches for CTC capture or characterization, including dendrimers, magnetic nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, negative selection chip or software-based on-slide methods, and nano-scale substrates. In addition, we address challenges that remain for the clinical translation of these platforms.
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Abstract
Detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood circulation holds immense promise as it predicts the overall probability of patient survival. Therefore, CTC-based technologies are gaining prominence as a "liquid biopsy" for cancer diagnostics and prognostics. Here, we describe the design and synthesis of two distinct multicomponent magnetic nanosystems for rapid capture and detection of CTCs. The multifunctional Magneto-Dendrimeric Nano System (MDNS) composed of an anchoring dendrimer that is conjugated to multiple agents such as near infrared (NIR) fluorescent cyanine 5 NHS (Cy5), glutathione (GSH), transferrin (Tf), and iron oxide (Fe3O4) magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) for simultaneous tumor cell-specific affinity, multimodal high resolution confocal imaging, and cell isolation. The second nanosystem is a self-propelled microrocket that is composed of carbon nanotube (CNT), chemically conjugated with targeting ligand such as transferrin on the outer surface and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the inner surface. The multicomponent nanosystems described here are highly efficient in targeting and isolating cancer cells thus benefiting early diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
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Zhao Y, Xu D, Tan W. Aptamer-functionalized nano/micro-materials for clinical diagnosis: isolation, release and bioanalysis of circulating tumor cells. Integr Biol (Camb) 2017; 9:188-205. [PMID: 28144664 DOI: 10.1039/c6ib00239k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Detection of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood is a challenging, but necessary, task in order to diagnose early onset of metastatic cancer and to monitor treatment efficacy. Over the last decade, step-up produced aptamers have attracted great attention in clinical diagnosis. They have offered great promise for a broader range of cell-specific recognition and isolation. In particular, aptamer-functionalized magnetic particles for selective extraction of target CTCs have shown reduced damage to cells and relatively simple operation. Also, efforts to develop aptamer-functionalized microchannel/microstructures able to efficiently isolate target CTCs are continuing, and these efforts have brought more advanced geometrically designed substrates. Various aptamer-mediated cell release techniques are being developed to enable subsequent biological studies. This article reviews some of these advances in aptamer-functionalized nano/micro-materials for CTCs isolation and methods for releasing captured CTCs from aptamer-functionalized surfaces. Biological studies of CTCs after release are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaju Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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12
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Perez-Gonzalez VH, Gallo-Villanueva RC, Camacho-Leon S, Gomez-Quiñones JI, Rodriguez-Delgado JM, Martinez-Chapa SO. Emerging microfluidic devices for cancer cells/biomarkers manipulation and detection. IET Nanobiotechnol 2016; 10:263-275. [PMID: 27676373 PMCID: PMC8676477 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2015.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are active participants in the metastasis process and account for ∼90% of all cancer deaths. As CTCs are admixed with a very large amount of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets in blood, CTCs are very rare, making their isolation, capture, and detection a major technological challenge. Microfluidic technologies have opened-up new opportunities for the screening of blood samples and the detection of CTCs or other important cancer biomarker-proteins. In this study, the authors have reviewed the most recent developments in microfluidic devices for cells/biomarkers manipulation and detection, focusing their attention on immunomagnetic-affinity-based devices, dielectrophoresis-based devices, surface-plasmon-resonance microfluidic sensors, and quantum-dots-based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Hugo Perez-Gonzalez
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenue Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Sergio Camacho-Leon
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenue Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jose Isabel Gomez-Quiñones
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenue Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Sergio Omar Martinez-Chapa
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Avenue Eugenio Garza Sada 2501 Sur, Monterrey, Mexico.
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Liu W, Nie L, Li F, Aguilar ZP, Xu H, Xiong Y, Fu F, Xu H. Folic acid conjugated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for nondestructive separation and detection of ovarian cancer cells from whole blood. Biomater Sci 2016; 4:159-66. [PMID: 26478922 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00207a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An effective method for separation and detection of ovarian cancer cells from whole blood using folic acid conjugated magnetic nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330006
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
| | - Liju Nie
- The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330006
- China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
| | - Fulai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | | | - Hong Xu
- Ocean NanoTech
- LLC
- Springdale
- USA
| | - Yonghua Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
| | - Fen Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital to Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330006
- China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology
- Nanchang University
- Nanchang 330047
- China
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14
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Asadian-Birjand M, Biglione C, Bergueiro J, Cappelletti A, Rahane C, Chate G, Khandare J, Klemke B, Strumia MC, Calderón M. Transferrin Decorated Thermoresponsive Nanogels as Magnetic Trap Devices for Circulating Tumor Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2015; 37:439-45. [PMID: 26691543 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201500590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A rational design of magnetic capturing nanodevices, based on a specific interaction with circulating tumor cells (CTCs), can advance the capturing efficiency and initiate the development of modern smart nanoformulations for rapid isolation and detection of these CTCs from the bloodstream. Therefore, the development and evaluation of magnetic nanogels (MNGs) based on magnetic nanoparticles and linear thermoresponsive polyglycerol for the capturing of CTCs with overexpressed transferrin (Tf(+) ) receptors has been presented in this study. The MNGs are synthesized using a strain-promoted "click" approach which has allowed the in situ surface decoration with Tf-polyethylene glycol (PEG) ligands of three different PEG chain lengths as targeting ligands. An optimal value of around 30% of cells captures is achieved with a linker of eight ethylene glycol units. This study shows the potential of MNGs for the capture of CTCs and the necessity of precise control over the linkage of the targeting moiety to the capturing device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mazdak Asadian-Birjand
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Catalina Biglione
- LAMAP Laboratorio de Materiales Poliméricos, IMBIV-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julian Bergueiro
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ariel Cappelletti
- LAMAP Laboratorio de Materiales Poliméricos, IMBIV-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Chinmay Rahane
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Govind Chate
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jayant Khandare
- MAEER's Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy, Kothrud, Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bastian Klemke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, D-14109, Berlin, Germany
| | - Miriam C Strumia
- LAMAP Laboratorio de Materiales Poliméricos, IMBIV-CONICET, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Haya de la Torre y Medina Allende, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Calderón
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Takustr. 3, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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15
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Min H, Jo SM, Kim HS. Efficient capture and simple quantification of circulating tumor cells using quantum dots and magnetic beads. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2536-42. [PMID: 25630488 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201403126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are valuable biomarkers for monitoring the status of cancer patients and drug efficacy. However, the number of CTCs in the blood is extremely low, and the isolation and detection of CTCs with high efficiency and sensitivity remain a challenge. Here, we present an approach to the efficient capturing and simple quantification of CTCs using quantum dots and magnetic beads. Anti-EpCAM antibody-conjugated quantum dots are used for the targeting and quantification of CTCs, and quantum-dot-attached CTCs are isolated using anti-IgG-modified magnetic beads. Our approach is shown to result in a capture efficiency of about 70%-80%, enabling the simple quantification of captured CTCs based on the fluorescence intensity of the quantum dots. The present method can be used effectively in the capturing and simple quantification of CTCs with high efficiency for cancer diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyegeun Min
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Seong-Min Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
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16
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Banerjee SS, Jalota-Badhwar A, Zope KR, Todkar KJ, Mascarenhas RR, Chate GP, Khutale GV, Bharde A, Calderon M, Khandare JJ. Self-propelled carbon nanotube based microrockets for rapid capture and isolation of circulating tumor cells. NANOSCALE 2015; 7:8684-8688. [PMID: 25902947 DOI: 10.1039/c5nr01797a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Here, we report a non-invasive strategy for isolating cancer cells by autonomously propelled carbon nanotube (CNT) microrockets. H2O2-driven oxygen (O2) bubble-propelled microrockets were synthesized using CNT and Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the inner surface and covalently conjugating transferrin on the outer surface. Results show that self-propellant microrockets can specifically capture cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashwat S Banerjee
- Actorius Innovations and Research (AIR), 100 NCL Innovation Park, Pune-411008, India.
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17
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Li D, Zhang Y, Li R, Guo J, Wang C, Tang C. Selective Capture and Quick Detection of Targeting Cells with SERS-Coding Microsphere Suspension Chip. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2015; 11:2200-2208. [PMID: 25597293 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201402531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) captured from blood fluid represent recurrent cancers and metastatic lesions to monitor the situation of cancers. We develop surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-coding microsphere suspension chip as a new strategy for fast and efficient capture, recovery, and detection of targeting cancer cells. Using HeLa cells as model CTCs, we first utilize folate as a recognition molecule to be immobilized in magnetic composite microspheres for capturing HeLa cells and attaining high capturing efficacy (up to 95%). After capturing cells, the composite microsphere, which utilizes a disulfide bond as crosslinker in the polymer shell and as a spacer for linking folate, can recycle 90% cells within 20 min eluted by glutathion solution. Taking advantage of the SERS with fingerprint features, we characterize captured/recovered cells with the unique signal of report-molecule 4-aminothiophenol through introducing the SERS-coding microsphere suspension chip to CTCs. Finally, the exploratory experiment of sieving cells shows that the magnetic composite microspheres can selectively capture the HeLa cells from samples of mixed cells, indicating that these magnetic composite microspheres have potential in real blood samples for capturing CTCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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18
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Sasidharan A, Sivaram AJ, Retnakumari AP, Chandran P, Malarvizhi GL, Nair S, Koyakutty M. Radiofrequency ablation of drug-resistant cancer cells using molecularly targeted carboxyl-functionalized biodegradable graphene. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:679-84. [PMID: 25586821 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Under ultralow radiofrequency (RF) power, transferrin-conjugated graphene nanoparticles can thermally ablate drug- or radiation-resistant cancer cells very effectively. The results suggest that graphene-based RF hyperthermia can be an efficient method to manage drug-/radiation-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Sasidharan
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University; Cochin 682 041 Kerala India
| | - Amal J. Sivaram
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University; Cochin 682 041 Kerala India
| | - Archana P. Retnakumari
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University; Cochin 682 041 Kerala India
| | - Parwathy Chandran
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University; Cochin 682 041 Kerala India
| | | | - Shantikumar Nair
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University; Cochin 682 041 Kerala India
| | - Manzoor Koyakutty
- Amrita Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine; Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University; Cochin 682 041 Kerala India
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19
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Abstract
We provide an overview covering the existing challenges and latest developments in achieving high selectivity and sensitivity cancer-biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Division of Biological Inorganic Chemistry
- State Key laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Changchun
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20
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Banerjee SS, Todkar KJ, Khutale GV, Chate GP, Biradar AV, Gawande MB, Zboril R, Khandare JJ. Calcium phosphate nanocapsule crowned multiwalled carbon nanotubes for pH triggered intracellular anticancer drug release. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:3931-3939. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00534e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A pH-responsive carbon nanotube based carrier crowned with a pore-blocking calcium phosphate nanocapsule is developed for intracellular anticancer drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Govind P. Chate
- Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy
- Maharashtra Institute of Technology Campus
- Pune-411038
- India
| | | | - Manoj B. Gawande
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Palacky University
- Olomouc
| | - Radek Zboril
- Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials
- Faculty of Science
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Palacky University
- Olomouc
| | - Jayant J. Khandare
- Maharashtra Institute of Pharmacy
- Maharashtra Institute of Technology Campus
- Pune-411038
- India
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21
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Banerjee SS, Jalota-Badhwar A, Wate P, Asai S, Zope KR, Mascarenhas R, Bhatia D, Khandare J. Structure effect of carbon nanovectors in regulation of cellular responses. Biomater Sci 2014; 2:57-66. [DOI: 10.1039/c3bm60082c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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