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Faeed M, Ghiasvand M, Fareghzadeh B, Taghiyar L. Osteochondral organoids: current advances, applications, and upcoming challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:183. [PMID: 38902814 PMCID: PMC11191177 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of studying joint-related diseases, there is a continuous quest for more accurate and representative models. Recently, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have seen a growing interest in utilizing organoids as powerful tools for studying complex biological systems in vitro. Organoids, three-dimensional structures replicating the architecture and function of organs, provide a unique platform for investigating disease mechanisms, drug responses, and tissue regeneration. The surge in organoid research is fueled by the need for physiologically relevant models to bridge the gap between traditional cell cultures and in vivo studies. Osteochondral organoids have emerged as a promising avenue in this pursuit, offering a better platform to mimic the intricate biological interactions within bone and cartilage. This review explores the significance of osteochondral organoids and the need for their development in advancing our understanding and treatment of bone and cartilage-related diseases. It summarizes osteochondral organoids' insights and research progress, focusing on their composition, materials, cell sources, and cultivation methods, as well as the concept of organoids on chips and application scenarios. Additionally, we address the limitations and challenges these organoids face, emphasizing the necessity for further research to overcome these obstacles and facilitate orthopedic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faeed
- Cell and Molecular School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghiasvand
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Fareghzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Su W, Yang Q, Li T, Xu J, Yin P, Han M, Lin Z, Deng Y, Wu Y, Huang W, Wang L. Electrospun Aligned Nanofiber Yarns Constructed Biomimetic M-Type Interface Integrated into Precise Co-Culture System as Muscle-Tendon Junction-on-a-Chip for Drug Development. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301754. [PMID: 38593371 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of engineered muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) with organ-on-a-chip technology provides promising in vitro models for the understanding of cell-cell interaction at the interface between muscle and tendon tissues. However, developing engineered MTJ tissue with biomimetic anatomical interface structure remains challenging, and the precise co-culture of engineered interface tissue is further regarded as a remarkable obstacle. Herein, an interwoven waving approach is presented to develop engineered MTJ tissue with a biomimetic "M-type" interface structure, and further integrated into a precise co-culture microfluidic device for functional MTJ-on-a-chip fabrication. These multiscale MTJ scaffolds based on electrospun nanofiber yarns enabled 3D cellular alignment and differentiation, and the "M-type" structure led to cellular organization and interaction at the interface zone. Crucially, a compartmentalized co-culture system is integrated into an MTJ-on-a-chip device for the precise co-culture of muscle and tendon zones using their medium at the same time. Such an MTJ-on-a-chip device is further served for drug-associated MTJ toxic or protective efficacy investigations. These results highlight that these interwoven nanofibrous scaffolds with biomimetic "M-type" interface are beneficial for engineered MTJ tissue development, and MTJ-on-a-chip with precise co-culture system indicated their promising potential as in vitro musculoskeletal models for drug development and biological mechanism studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ting Li
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Panjing Yin
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Mingying Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhuosheng Lin
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yuping Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yaobin Wu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Digital Medicine and Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Putian University, Putian, 351100, China
| | - Ling Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
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Hu Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Cao L, Zhou F, Jing Y, Su J. Bone/cartilage organoid on-chip: Construction strategy and application. Bioact Mater 2023; 25:29-41. [PMID: 37056252 PMCID: PMC10087111 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The necessity of disease models for bone/cartilage related disorders is well-recognized, but the barrier between ex-vivo cell culture, animal models and the real human body has been pending for decades. The organoid-on-a-chip technique showed opportunity to revolutionize basic research and drug screening for diseases like osteoporosis and arthritis. The bone/cartilage organoid on-chip (BCoC) system is a novel platform of multi-tissue which faithfully emulate the essential elements, biologic functions and pathophysiological response under real circumstances. In this review, we propose the concept of BCoC platform, summarize the basic modules and current efforts to orchestrate them on a single microfluidic system. Current disease models, unsolved problems and future challenging are also discussed, the aim should be a deeper understanding of diseases, and ultimate realization of generic ex-vivo tools for further therapeutic strategies of pathological conditions.
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Dufva M. A quantitative meta-analysis comparing cell models in perfused organ on a chip with static cell cultures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8233. [PMID: 37217582 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As many consider organ on a chip for better in vitro models, it is timely to extract quantitative data from the literature to compare responses of cells under flow in chips to corresponding static incubations. Of 2828 screened articles, 464 articles described flow for cell culture and 146 contained correct controls and quantified data. Analysis of 1718 ratios between biomarkers measured in cells under flow and static cultures showed that the in all cell types, many biomarkers were unregulated by flow and only some specific biomarkers responded strongly to flow. Biomarkers in cells from the blood vessels walls, the intestine, tumours, pancreatic island, and the liver reacted most strongly to flow. Only 26 biomarkers were analysed in at least two different articles for a given cell type. Of these, the CYP3A4 activity in CaCo2 cells and PXR mRNA levels in hepatocytes were induced more than two-fold by flow. Furthermore, the reproducibility between articles was low as 52 of 95 articles did not show the same response to flow for a given biomarker. Flow showed overall very little improvements in 2D cultures but a slight improvement in 3D cultures suggesting that high density cell culture may benefit from flow. In conclusion, the gains of perfusion are relatively modest, larger gains are linked to specific biomarkers in certain cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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Tolabi H, Davari N, Khajehmohammadi M, Malektaj H, Nazemi K, Vahedi S, Ghalandari B, Reis RL, Ghorbani F, Oliveira JM. Progress of Microfluidic Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds and Organ-on-Chips for the Cartilage Tissue Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2208852. [PMID: 36633376 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage degeneration is among the fundamental reasons behind disability and pain across the globe. Numerous approaches have been employed to treat cartilage diseases. Nevertheless, none have shown acceptable outcomes in the long run. In this regard, the convergence of tissue engineering and microfabrication principles can allow developing more advanced microfluidic technologies, thus offering attractive alternatives to current treatments and traditional constructs used in tissue engineering applications. Herein, the current developments involving microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds, promising structures for cartilage regeneration, ranging from hydrogels with microfluidic channels to hydrogels prepared by the microfluidic devices, that enable therapeutic delivery of cells, drugs, and growth factors, as well as cartilage-related organ-on-chips are reviewed. Thereafter, cartilage anatomy and types of damages, and present treatment options are briefly overviewed. Various hydrogels are introduced, and the advantages of microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds over traditional hydrogels are thoroughly discussed. Furthermore, available technologies for fabricating microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds and microfluidic chips are presented. The preclinical and clinical applications of microfluidic hydrogel-based scaffolds in cartilage regeneration and the development of cartilage-related microfluidic chips over time are further explained. The current developments, recent key challenges, and attractive prospects that should be considered so as to develop microfluidic systems in cartilage repair are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidreza Tolabi
- New Technologies Research Center (NTRC), Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, 15875-4413, Iran
| | - Niyousha Davari
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, 143951561, Iran
| | - Mehran Khajehmohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, 89195-741, Iran
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Yazd Reproductive Sciences Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, 8916877391, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Malektaj
- Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Fibigerstraede 16, Aalborg, 9220, Denmark
| | - Katayoun Nazemi
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Theme, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Samaneh Vahedi
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, 34149-16818, Iran
| | - Behafarid Ghalandari
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute for Personalized Medicine, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Farnaz Ghorbani
- Institute of Biomaterials, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Cauerstrasse 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Joaquim Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, 4805-017, Portugal
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Schwartz NB, Domowicz MS. Roles of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans as Regulators of Skeletal Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:745372. [PMID: 35465334 PMCID: PMC9026158 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.745372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is critically important for most cellular processes including differentiation, morphogenesis, growth, survival and regeneration. The interplay between cells and the ECM often involves bidirectional signaling between ECM components and small molecules, i.e., growth factors, morphogens, hormones, etc., that regulate critical life processes. The ECM provides biochemical and contextual information by binding, storing, and releasing the bioactive signaling molecules, and/or mechanical information that signals from the cell membrane integrins through the cytoskeleton to the nucleus, thereby influencing cell phenotypes. Using these dynamic, reciprocal processes, cells can also remodel and reshape the ECM by degrading and re-assembling it, thereby sculpting their environments. In this review, we summarize the role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans as regulators of cell and tissue development using the skeletal growth plate model, with an emphasis on use of naturally occurring, or created mutants to decipher the role of proteoglycan components in signaling paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy B. Schwartz
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Nancy B. Schwartz,
| | - Miriam S. Domowicz
- Department of Pediatrics, Biological Sciences Division, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Evenbratt H, Andreasson L, Bicknell V, Brittberg M, Mobini R, Simonsson S. Insights into the present and future of cartilage regeneration and joint repair. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 11:3. [PMID: 35106664 PMCID: PMC8807792 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00104-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis is the most common joint disease. It causes pain and suffering for affected patients and is the source of major economic costs for healthcare systems. Despite ongoing research, there is a lack of knowledge regarding disease mechanisms, biomarkers, and possible cures. Current treatments do not fulfill patients' long-term needs, and it often requires invasive surgical procedures with subsequent long periods of rehabilitation. Researchers and companies worldwide are working to find a suitable cell source to engineer or regenerate a functional and healthy articular cartilage tissue to implant in the damaged area. Potential cell sources to accomplish this goal include embryonic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. The differentiation of stem cells into different tissue types is complex, and a suitable concentration range of specific growth factors is vital. The cellular microenvironment during early embryonic development provides crucial information regarding concentrations of signaling molecules and morphogen gradients as these are essential inducers for tissue development. Thus, morphogen gradients implemented in developmental protocols aimed to engineer functional cartilage tissue can potentially generate cells comparable to those within native cartilage. In this review, we have summarized the problems with current treatments, potential cell sources for cell therapy, reviewed the progress of new treatments within the regenerative cartilage field, and highlighted the importance of cell quality, characterization assays, and chemically defined protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L. Andreasson
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - V. Bicknell
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - M. Brittberg
- Cartilage Research Unit, University of Gothenburg, Region Halland Orthopaedics, Kungsbacka Hospital, S-434 80 Kungsbacka, Sweden
| | - R. Mobini
- Cline Scientific AB, SE-431 53 Mölndal, Sweden
| | - S. Simonsson
- Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zou Z, Luo X, Chen Z, Zhang YS, Wen C. Emerging microfluidics-enabled platforms for osteoarthritis management: from benchtop to bedside. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:891-909. [PMID: 34976219 PMCID: PMC8692897 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent debilitating age-related joint degenerative disease. It is a leading cause of pain and functional disability in older adults. Unfortunately, there is no cure for OA once the damage is established. Therefore, it promotes an urgent need for early detection and intervention of OA. Theranostics, combining therapy and diagnosis, emerges as a promising approach for OA management. However, OA theranostics is still in its infancy. Three fundamental needs have to be firstly fulfilled: i) a reliable OA model for disease pathogenesis investigation and drug screening, ii) an effective and precise diagnostic platform, and iii) an advanced fabrication approach for drug delivery and therapy. Meanwhile, microfluidics emerges as a versatile technology to address each of the needs and eventually boost the development of OA theranostics. Therefore, this review focuses on the applications of microfluidics, from benchtop to bedside, for OA modelling and drug screening, early diagnosis, and clinical therapy. We first introduce the basic pathophysiology of OA and point out the major unfilled research gaps in current OA management including lack of disease modelling and drug screening platforms, early diagnostic modalities and disease-modifying drugs and delivery approaches. Accordingly, we then summarize the state-of-the-art microfluidics technology for OA management from in vitro modelling and diagnosis to therapy. Given the existing promising results, we further discuss the future development of microfluidic platforms towards clinical translation at the crossroad of engineering and biomedicine.
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Li L, Chen Y, Wang H, An G, Wu H, Huang W. A high-throughput, open-space and reusable microfluidic chip for combinational drug screening on tumor spheroids. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3924-3932. [PMID: 34636818 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00525a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Screening drug combinations using tumor spheroids can play a vital role in the development of disease treatment and personalized medicine. However, current studies focus on drug gradients or combinations of two drugs in most cases, and it is difficult to find complex therapeutic combinations involving more drugs. The use of design-of-experiment (DOE) microfluidics is a potential strategy to study this area systematically. Here we develop a high-throughput, open-space multilayered PMMA microfluidic chip for combinational drug screening on tumor spheroids. This microchip is straightforward to fabricate, compatible with standard spheroid cultures, and friendly for end-users. The device consists of an inlet layer and multiple dispersing layers. In the inlet layer, different samples can be loaded into the chip simultaneously. The sample solutions flow into the dispersing layers to generate various combinations based on the specific DOE principle. We demonstrated that the chip performance is in quantitative agreement with the design, using water and doxycycline combinations as models. As a proof-of-concept study, we constructed a HeLa reporter cell line to quantify the autophagy of tumor spheroids and used the chip to identify critical factors relating to the growth of the spheroids. Specifically, we used L-glutamine, D-glucose, FBS, and cisplatin as the factors and studied the autophagy, growth curves, and spheroid sizes in response to different combinations of the four factors. We found that D-glucose can inhibit the effects of cisplatin on tumor spheroids, and cisplatin caused severe autophagy in 3D tumor spheroids compared to 2D monoculture cells. Our method has the potential to allow more drug combinations to be examined, and it can be extended to DOE approaches with seven or more inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Huirong Wang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Geng An
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, China.
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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Moreira J, Vale AC, Alves NM. Spin-coated freestanding films for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:3778-3799. [PMID: 33876170 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00233c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spin-coating is a widely employed technique for the fabrication of thin-film coatings over large areas with smooth and homogeneous surfaces. In recent years, research has extended the scope of spin-coating by developing methods involving the interface of the substrate and the deposited solution to obtain self-supported films, also called freestanding films. Thereby, such structures have been developed for a wide range of areas. Biomedical applications of spin-coated freestanding films include wound dressings, drug delivery, and biosensing. This review will discuss the fundamental physical and chemical processes governing the conventional spin-coating as well as the techniques to obtain freestanding films. Furthermore, developments within this field with a primary focus on tissue engineering applications will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Moreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - A Catarina Vale
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Natália M Alves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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11
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Designing Hydrogel-Based Bone-On-Chips for Personalized Medicine. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent development of bone-on-chips (BOCs) holds the main advantage of requiring a low quantity of cells and material, compared to traditional In Vitro models. By incorporating hydrogels within BOCs, the culture system moved to a three dimensional culture environment for cells which is more representative of bone tissue matrix and function. The fundamental components of hydrogel-based BOCs, namely the cellular sources, the hydrogel and the culture chamber, have been tuned to mimic the hematopoietic niche in the bone aspirate marrow, cancer bone metastasis and osteo/chondrogenic differentiation. In this review, we examine the entire process of developing hydrogel-based BOCs to model In Vitro a patient specific situation. First, we provide bone biological understanding for BOCs design and then how hydrogel structural and mechanical properties can be tuned to meet those requirements. This is followed by a review on hydrogel-based BOCs, developed in the last 10 years, in terms of culture chamber design, hydrogel and cell source used. Finally, we provide guidelines for the definition of personalized pathological and physiological bone microenvironments. This review covers the information on bone, hydrogel and BOC that are required to develop personalized therapies for bone disease, by recreating clinically relevant scenarii in miniaturized devices.
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12
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Sun M, Liu A, Yang X, Gong J, Yu M, Yao X, Wang H, He Y. 3D Cell Culture—Can It Be As Popular as 2D Cell Culture? ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202000066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Sun
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - An Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Second Affiliated Hospital School of Medicine Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Xiaofu Yang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Jiaxing Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Xinhua Yao
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310000 China
| | - Huiming Wang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology School of Stomatology Zhejiang University School of Medicine and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province Hangzhou Zhejiang 310000 China
| | - Yong He
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310000 China
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Mehta V, Rath SN. 3D printed microfluidic devices: a review focused on four fundamental manufacturing approaches and implications on the field of healthcare. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00112-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Li Y, Hoffman MD, Benoit DSW. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable tissue engineered periosteum coordinates allograft healing via early stage recruitment and support of host neurovasculature. Biomaterials 2021; 268:120535. [PMID: 33271450 PMCID: PMC8110201 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite serving as the clinical "gold standard" treatment for critical size bone defects, decellularized allografts suffer from long-term failure rates of ~60% due to the absence of the periosteum. Stem and osteoprogenitor cells within the periosteum orchestrate autograft healing through host cell recruitment, which initiates the regenerative process. To emulate periosteum-mediated healing, tissue engineering approaches have been utilized with mixed outcomes. While vascularization has been widely established as critical for bone regeneration, innervation was recently identified to be spatiotemporally regulated together with vascularization and similarly indispensable to bone healing. Notwithstanding, there are no known approaches that have focused on periosteal matrix cues to coordinate host vessel and/or axon recruitment. Here, we investigated the influence of hydrogel degradation mechanism, i.e. hydrolytic or enzymatic (cell-dictated), on tissue engineered periosteum (TEP)-modified allograft healing, especially host vessel/nerve recruitment and integration. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-degradable hydrogels supported endothelial cell migration from encapsulated spheroids whereas no migration was observed in hydrolytically degradable hydrogels in vitro, which correlated with increased neurovascularization in vivo. Specifically, ~2.45 and 1.84-fold, and ~3.48 and 2.58-fold greater vessel and nerve densities with high levels of vessel and nerve co-localization was observed using MMP degradable TEP (MMP-TEP) -modified allografts versus unmodified and hydrolytically degradable TEP (Hydro-TEP)-modified allografts, respectively, at 3 weeks post-surgery. MMP-TEP-modified allografts exhibited greater longitudinal graft-localized vascularization and endochondral ossification, along with 4-fold and 2-fold greater maximum torques versus unmodified and Hydro-TEP-modified allografts after 9 weeks, respectively, which was comparable to that of autografts. In summary, our results demonstrated that the MMP-TEP coordinated allograft healing via early stage recruitment and support of host neurovasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Michael D Hoffman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA; Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Genetics and Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
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15
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Nie J, Fu J, He Y. Hydrogels: The Next Generation Body Materials for Microfluidic Chips? SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2003797. [PMID: 33103353 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202003797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The integration of microfluidics with biomedical research is confronted with considerable limitations due to its body materials. With high content of water, hydrogels own superior biocompatibility and degradability. Can hydrogels become another material choice for the construction of microfluidic chips, particularly biofluidics? The present review aims to systematically establish the concept of hydrogel-based microfluidic chips (HMCs) and address three main concerns: i) why choosing hydrogels? ii) how to fabricate HMCs?, and iii) in which fields to apply HMCs? It is envisioned that hydrogels may be used increasingly as substitute for traditional materials and gradually act as the body material for microfluidic chips. The modifications of conventional process are highlighted to overcome issues arising from the incompatibility between the construction methods and hydrogel materials. Specifically targeting at the "soft and wet" hydrogels, an efficient flowchart of "i) high resolution template printing; ii) damage-free demolding; iii) twice-crosslinking bonding" is proposed. Accordingly, a broader microfluidic chip concept is proposed in terms of form and function. Potential biomedical applications of HMCs are discussed. This review also highlights the challenges arising from the material replacement, as well as the future directions of the proposed concept. Finally, the authors' viewpoints and perspectives for this emerging field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
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16
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Lowen JM, Leach JK. Functionally graded biomaterials for use as model systems and replacement tissues. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909089. [PMID: 33456431 PMCID: PMC7810245 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of native tissues requires complex materials to provide suitable substitutes for model systems and replacement tissues. Functionally graded materials have the potential to address this challenge by mimicking the gradients in heterogeneous tissues such as porosity, mineralization, and fiber alignment to influence strength, ductility, and cell signaling. Advancements in microfluidics, electrospinning, and 3D printing enable the creation of increasingly complex gradient materials that further our understanding of physiological gradients. The combination of these methods enables rapid prototyping of constructs with high spatial resolution. However, successful translation of these gradients requires both spatial and temporal presentation of cues to model the complexity of native tissues that few materials have demonstrated. This review highlights recent strategies to engineer functionally graded materials for the modeling and repair of heterogeneous tissues, together with a description of how cells interact with various gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M. Lowen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA 95817
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17
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Tang Q, Yang X, Xuan C, Wu K, Lai C, Shi X. Generation of microfluidic gradients and their effects on cells behaviours. Biodes Manuf 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-020-00093-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Dehghan-Baniani D, Chen Y, Wang D, Bagheri R, Solouk A, Wu H. Injectable in situ forming kartogenin-loaded chitosan hydrogel with tunable rheological properties for cartilage tissue engineering. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 192:111059. [PMID: 32380404 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Limited regeneration capacity of cartilage can be addressed by tissue engineering approaches including localized delivery of bioactive agents using biomaterials. Although chitosan hydrogels have been considered as appropriate candidates for these purposes, however, their poor mechanical properties limit their real applications. Here, we develop in situ forming chitosan hydrogels with enhanced shear modulus by chemical modification of chitosan using N-(β-maleimidopropyloxy) succinimide ester (BMPS). Moreover, we utilize β-Glycerophosphate (β-GP) in the hydrogels for achieving thermosensitivity. We investigate the effects of BMPS, β-GP and chitosan concentration on rheological and swelling properties of the hydrogels. Accordingly, we generate significant statistical models by response surface method to predict these properties. These models provide us beneficial tools to tune the hydrogel properties depending on the cartilage defect location and properties. Finally, we incorporate a recently discovered small biomolecule, kartogenin (KGN), for promoting chondrogenesis of stem cells into the optimized hydrogel. The hydrogel's shear modulus is 78 ± 5 kPa which covers a wide range of human articular cartilage shear modulus (50-250 kPa). It can be injected to the defects non-invasively at room temperature which gels at 37 °C within minutes. Additionally, it provides a sustained KGN release for ∼40 days that may eliminate the need of multiple injections. In vitro chondrogenic results confirm enhanced chondrogenic differentiation of human adipose mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) treated with KGN-loaded hydrogel, compared to pure KGN. Based on the enhanced hydrogel shear modulus, injectability, gelation behavior, long-term drug release and in vitro results, this thermosensitive hydrogel looks promising for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorsa Dehghan-Baniani
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9466, Iran
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Polymeric Materials Research Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, P.O. Box 11155-9466, Iran
| | - Atefeh Solouk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hongkai Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Division of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
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Nie J, Gao Q, Fu J, He Y. Grafting of 3D Bioprinting to In Vitro Drug Screening: A Review. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901773. [PMID: 32125787 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The inadequacy of conventional cell-monolayer planar cultures and animal experiments in predicting the toxicity and clinical efficacy of drug candidates has led to an imminent need for in vitro methods with the ability to better represent in vivo conditions and facilitate the systematic investigation of drug candidates. Recent advances in 3D bioprinting have prompted the precise manipulation of cells and biomaterials, rendering it a promising technology for the construction of in vitro tissue/organ models and drug screening devices. This review presents state-of-the-art in vitro methods used for preclinical drug screening and discusses the limitations of these methods. In particular, the significance of constructing 3D in vitro tissue/organ models and microfluidic analysis devices for drug screening is emphasized, and a focus is placed on the grafting process of 3D bioprinting technology to the construction of such models and devices. The in vitro methods for drug screening are generalized into three types: mini-tissue, organ-on-a-chip, and tissue/organ construct. The revolutionary process of the in vitro methods is demonstrated in detail, and relevant studies are listed as examples. Specifically, the tumor model is adopted as a precedent to illustrate the possible grafting of 3D bioprinting to antitumor drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Qing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Jianzhong Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic SystemsSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
- Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China
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Wang T, Nanda SS, Papaefthymiou GC, Yi DK. Mechanophysical Cues in Extracellular Matrix Regulation of Cell Behavior. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1254-1264. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tuntun Wang
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Yongin 449-728 Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dong Kee Yi
- Department of ChemistryMyongji University Yongin 449-728 Republic of Korea
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21
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An S, Han SY, Cho SW. Hydrogel-integrated Microfluidic Systems for Advanced Stem Cell Engineering. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3402-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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23
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Gonzalez-Fernandez T, Sikorski P, Leach JK. Bio-instructive materials for musculoskeletal regeneration. Acta Biomater 2019; 96:20-34. [PMID: 31302298 PMCID: PMC6717669 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence and cost of disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system are predicted to rise significantly in the coming years due to the aging global population and the increase of associated risk factors. Despite being the second largest cause of disability, the clinical options for therapeutic intervention remain limited. The clinical translation of cell-based therapies for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders faces many challenges including maintenance of cell survival in the harsh in vivo environment and the lack of control over regulating cell phenotype upon implantation. In order to address these challenges, the development of bio-instructive materials to modulate cell behavior has taken center stage as a strategy to increase the therapeutic potential of various cell populations. However, the determination of the necessary cues for a specific application and how these signals should be presented from a biomaterial remains elusive. This review highlights recent biochemical and physical strategies used to engineer bio-instructive materials for the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. There is a particular emphasis on emerging efforts such as the engineering of immunomodulatory and antibacterial materials, as well as the incorporation of these strategies into biofabrication and organ-on-a-chip approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Disorders affecting the musculoskeletal system affect individuals across the lifespan and have a profound effect on mobility and quality of life. While small defects in many tissues can heal successfully, larger defects are often unable to heal or instead heal with inferior quality fibrous tissue and require clinical intervention. Cell-based therapies are a promising option for clinical translation, yet challenges related to maintaining cell survival and instructing cell phenotype upon implantation have limited the success of this approach. Bio-instructive materials provide an exciting opportunity to modulate cell behavior and enhance the efficacy of cell-based approaches for musculoskeletal repair. However, the identification of critical instructive cues and how to present these stimuli is a focus of intense investigation. This review highlights recent biochemical and physical strategies used to engineer bio-instructive materials for the repair of musculoskeletal tissues, while also considering exciting progress in the engineering of immunomodulatory and antibacterial materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pawel Sikorski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Physics, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - J Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, UC Davis Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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Wang L, Jiang D, Wang Q, Wang Q, Hu H, Jia W. The Application of Microfluidic Techniques on Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedics. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 24:5397-5406. [PMID: 30827230 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190301142833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Tissue engineering (TE) is a promising solution for orthopaedic diseases such as bone or
cartilage defects and bone metastasis. Cell culture in vitro and scaffold fabrication are two main parts of TE, but
these two methods both have their own limitations. The static cell culture medium is unable to achieve multiple
cell incubation or offer an optimal microenvironment for cells, while regularly arranged structures are unavailable
in traditional cell-laden scaffolds, which results in low biocompatibility. To solve these problems, microfluidic
techniques are combined with TE. By providing 3-D networks and interstitial fluid flows, microfluidic platforms
manage to maintain phenotype and viability of osteocytic or chondrocytic cells, and the precise manipulation of
liquid, gel and air flows in microfluidic devices leads to the highly organized construction of scaffolds.
Methods:
In this review, we focus on the recent advances of microfluidic techniques applied in the field of tissue
engineering, especially in orthropaedics. An extensive literature search was done using PubMed. The introduction
describes the properties of microfluidics and how it exploits the advantages to the full in the aspects of TE. Then
we discuss the application of microfluidics on the cultivation of osteocytic cells and chondrocytes, and other
extended researches carried out on this platform. The following section focuses on the fabrication of highly organized
scaffolds and other biomaterials produced by microfluidic devices. Finally, the incubation and studying of
bone metastasis models in microfluidic platforms are discussed.
Conclusion:
The combination of microfluidics and tissue engineering shows great potentials in the osteocytic cell
culture and scaffold fabrication. Though there are several problems that still require further exploration, the future
of microfluidics in TE is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingtian Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Dajun Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qiyang Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Haoran Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weitao Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
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Kavand H, van Lintel H, Renaud P. Efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic fields tuned to the ion cyclotron resonance frequency of Ca 2+ on chondrogenic differentiation. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:799-811. [PMID: 30793837 DOI: 10.1002/term.2829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies provide strong evidence for the therapeutic effect of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on different tissues including cartilage. Diverse exposure parameters applied in scientific reports and the unknown interacting mechanism of EMF with biological systems make EMF studies challenging. In 1985, Liboff proposed that when magnetic fields are tuned to the cyclotron resonance frequencies of critical ions, the motion of ions through cell membranes is enhanced, and thus biological effects appear. Such exposure system consists of a weak alternating magnetic field (B1 ) in the presence of a static magnetic field (B0 ) and depends on the relationship between the magnitudes of B0 and B1 and the angular frequency Ω. The purpose of the present study is to determine the chondrogenic potential of EMF with regards to pulsed EMF (PEMF) and the ion cyclotron resonance (ICR) theory. We used different stimulating systems to generate EMFs in which cells are either stimulated with ubiquitous PEMF parameters, frequently reported, or parameters tuned to satisfy the ICR for Ca2+ (including negative and positive control groups). Chondrogenesis was analysed after 3 weeks of treatment. Cell stimulation under the ICR condition showed positive results in the context of glycosaminoglycans and type II collagen synthesis. In contrast, the other electromagnetically stimulated groups showed no changes compared with the control groups. Furthermore, gene expression assays revealed an increase in the expression of chondrogenic markers (COL2A1, SOX9, and ACAN) in the ICR group. These results suggest that the Ca2+ ICR condition can be an effective factor in inducing chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Harald van Lintel
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Renaud
- Microsystems Laboratory, Institute of Microengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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26
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Mestres G, Perez RA, D’Elía NL, Barbe L. Advantages of microfluidic systems for studying cell-biomaterial interactions—focus on bone regeneration applications. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ashammakhi N, Ahadian S, Darabi MA, El Tahchi M, Lee J, Suthiwanich K, Sheikhi A, Dokmeci MR, Oklu R, Khademhosseini A. Minimally Invasive and Regenerative Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804041. [PMID: 30565732 PMCID: PMC6709364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging, microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive therapeutics a viable tool in regenerative medicine. Therapeutics, herein defined as cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and their combinations, can be delivered in a minimally invasive way to regenerate different tissues in the body, such as bone, cartilage, pancreas, cardiac, skeletal muscle, liver, skin, and neural tissues. Sophisticated methods of tracking, sensing, and stimulation of therapeutics in vivo using nano-biomaterials and soft bioelectronic devices provide great opportunities to further develop minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics (MIRET). In general, minimally invasive delivery methods offer high yield with low risk of complications and reduced costs compared to conventional delivery methods. Here, minimally invasive approaches for delivering regenerative therapeutics into the body are reviewed. The use of MIRET to treat different tissues and organs is described. Although some clinical trials have been performed using MIRET, it is hoped that such therapeutics find wider applications to treat patients. Finally, some future perspective and challenges for this emerging field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mario El Tahchi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- LBMI, Department of Physics, Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656, Jdeidet, Lebanon
| | - Junmin Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kasinan Suthiwanich
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Zhang X, Guo Q, Zhang J, Cao Y, Zhang X, Huang J, Wang Q, Liu X, Hao C. [Preparation and in vitro evaluation of tissue engineered osteochondral integration of multi-layered scaffold]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:434-440. [PMID: 29806301 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201712038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The tissue engineered osteochondral integration of multi-layered scaffold was prepared and the related mechanical properties and biological properties were evaluated to provide a new technique and method for the repair and regeneration of osteochondral defect. Methods According to blend of different components and proportion of acellular cartilage extracellular matrix of pig, nano-hydroxyapatite, and alginate, the osteochondral integration of multi-layered scaffold was prepared by using freeze-drying and physical and chemical cross-linking technology. The cartilage layer was consisted of acellular cartilage extracellular matrix; the middle layer was consisted of acellular cartilage extracellular matrix and alginate; and the bone layer was consisted of nano-hydroxyapatite, alginate, and acellular cartilage extracellular matrix. The biological and mechanics characteristic of the osteochondral integration of multi-layered scaffold were evaluated by morphology observation, scanning electron microscope observation, Micro-CT observation, porosity and pore size determination, water absorption capacity determination, mechanical testing (compression modulus and layer adhesive strength), biocompatibility testing [L929 cell proliferation on scaffold assessed by MTT assay, and growth of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Sprague Dawley rats' bone marrow mesenchumal stem cells (BMSCs) on scaffolds]. Results Gross observation and Micro-CT observation showed that the scaffolds were closely integrated with each other without obvious discontinuities and separation. Scanning electron microscope showed that the structure of the bone layer was relatively dense, while the structure of the middle layer and the cartilage layer was relatively loose. The pore structures in the layers were connected to each other and all had the multi-dimensional characteristics. The porosity of cartilage layer, middle layer, and bone layer of the scaffolds were 93.55%±2.90%, 93.55%±4.10%, and 50.28%±3.20%, respectively; the porosity of the bone layer was significantly lower than that of cartilage layer and middle layer ( P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between cartilage layer and middle layer ( P>0.05). The pore size of the three layers were (239.66±35.28), (153.24±19.78), and (82.72±16.94) μm, respectively, showing significant differences between layers ( P<0.05). The hydrophilic of the three layers were (15.14±3.15), (13.65±2.98), and (5.32±1.87) mL/g, respectively; the hydrophilic of the bone layer was significantly lower than that of cartilage layer and middle layer ( P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between cartilage layer and middle layer ( P>0.05). The compression modulus of the three layers were (51.36±13.25), (47.93±12.74), and (155.18±19.62) kPa, respectively; and compression modulus of the bone layer was significantly higher than that of cartilage layer and middle layer ( P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between cartilage layer and middle layer ( P>0.05). The osteochondral integration of multi-layered scaffold was tightly bonded with each layer. The layer adhesive strength between the cartilage layer and the middle layer was (18.21±5.16) kPa, and the layer adhesive strength between the middle layer and the bone layer was (16.73±6.38) kPa, showing no significant difference ( t=0.637, P=0.537). MTT assay showed that L929 cells grew well on the scaffolds, indicating no scaffold cytotoxicity. GFP-labeled rat BMSCs grew evenly on the scaffolds, indicating scaffold has excellent biocompatibility. Conclusion The advantages of three layers which have different performance of the tissue engineered osteochondral integration of multi-layered scaffold is achieved double biomimetics of structure and composition, lays a foundation for further research of animal in vivo experiment, meanwhile, as an advanced and potential strategy for osteochondral defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Li
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030012, P.R.China
| | - Xueliang Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030012, P.R.China;Institute of Orthopaedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P.R.China
| | - Jingchun Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030012, P.R.China
| | - Yanjie Cao
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030012, P.R.China
| | - Xinguo Zhang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030012, P.R.China
| | - Jianjun Huang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030012, P.R.China
| | - Qi Wang
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030012, P.R.China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Shanxi Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Taiyuan Shanxi, 030012, P.R.China
| | - Chunxiang Hao
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853,
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Lopa S, Mondadori C, Mainardi VL, Talò G, Costantini M, Candrian C, Święszkowski W, Moretti M. Translational Application of Microfluidics and Bioprinting for Stem Cell-Based Cartilage Repair. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:6594841. [PMID: 29535776 PMCID: PMC5838503 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6594841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Cartilage defects can impair the most elementary daily activities and, if not properly treated, can lead to the complete loss of articular function. The limitations of standard treatments for cartilage repair have triggered the development of stem cell-based therapies. In this scenario, the development of efficient cell differentiation protocols and the design of proper biomaterial-based supports to deliver cells to the injury site need to be addressed through basic and applied research to fully exploit the potential of stem cells. Here, we discuss the use of microfluidics and bioprinting approaches for the translation of stem cell-based therapy for cartilage repair in clinics. In particular, we will focus on the optimization of hydrogel-based materials to mimic the articular cartilage triggered by their use as bioinks in 3D bioprinting applications, on the screening of biochemical and biophysical factors through microfluidic devices to enhance stem cell chondrogenesis, and on the use of microfluidic technology to generate implantable constructs with a complex geometry. Finally, we will describe some new bioprinting applications that pave the way to the clinical use of stem cell-based therapies, such as scaffold-free bioprinting and the development of a 3D handheld device for the in situ repair of cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Lopa
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Mondadori
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valerio Luca Mainardi
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Biological Structures Mechanics-Chemistry, Material and Chemical Engineering Department “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Talò
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Costantini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Candrian
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Unità di Traumatologia e Ortopedia-ORL, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Święszkowski
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Matteo Moretti
- Cell and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopaedic Institute, Milan, Italy
- Regenerative Medicine Technologies Lab, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Lugano, Switzerland
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Baudequin T, Tabrizian M. Multilineage Constructs for Scaffold-Based Tissue Engineering: A Review of Tissue-Specific Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7. [PMID: 29193897 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in the regeneration of tissue in interfacial regions, where biological, physical, and chemical attributes vary across tissue type. The simultaneous use of distinct cell lineages can help in developing in vitro structures, analogous to native composite tissues. This literature review gathers the recent reports that have investigated multiple cell types of various sources and lineages in a coculture system for tissue-engineered constructs. Such studies aim at mimicking the native organization of tissues and their interfaces, and/or to improve the development of complex tissue substitutes. This paper thus distinguishes itself from those focusing on technical aspects of coculturing for a single specific tissue. The first part of this review is dedicated to variables of cocultured tissue engineering such as scaffold, cells, and in vitro culture environment. Next, tissue-specific coculture methods and approaches are covered for the most studied tissues. Finally, cross-analysis is performed to highlight emerging trends in coculture principles and to discuss how tissue-specific challenges can inspire new approaches for regeneration of different interfaces to improve the outcomes of various tissue engineering strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothée Baudequin
- Faculty of Medicine; Biomat'X Laboratory; Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; 740 ave. Dr. Penfield, Room 4300 Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Québec Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Faculty of Medicine; Biomat'X Laboratory; Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; 740 ave. Dr. Penfield, Room 4300 Montréal QC H3A 0G1 Québec Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; 3775 rue University, Room 313/308B Montréal QC H3A 2B4 Québec Canada
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Canadas RF, Marques AP, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Bioreactors and Microfluidics for Osteochondral Interface Maturation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:395-420. [PMID: 29736584 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cell culture techniques are in the base of any biology-based science. The standard techniques are commonly static platforms as Petri dishes, tissue culture well plates, T-flasks, or well plates designed for spheroids formation. These systems faced a paradigm change from 2D to 3D over the current decade driven by the tissue engineering (TE) field. However, 3D static culture approaches usually suffer from several issues as poor homogenization of the formed tissues and development of a necrotic center which limits the size of in vitro tissues to hundreds of micrometers. Furthermore, for complex tissues as osteochondral (OC), more than recovering a 3D environment, an interface needs to be replicated. Although 3D cell culture is already the reality adopted by a newborn market, a technological revolution on cell culture devices needs a further step from static to dynamic already considering 3D interfaces with dramatic importance for broad fields such as biomedical, TE, and drug development. In this book chapter, we revised the existing approaches for dynamic 3D cell culture, focusing on bioreactors and microfluidic systems, and the future directions and challenges to be faced were discussed. Basic principles, advantages, and challenges of each technology were described. The reported systems for OC 3D TE were focused herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël F Canadas
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
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Groen WM, Diloksumpan P, van Weeren PR, Levato R, Malda J. From intricate to integrated: Biofabrication of articulating joints. J Orthop Res 2017; 35:2089-2097. [PMID: 28621834 PMCID: PMC5655743 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Articulating joints owe their function to the specialized architecture and the complex interplay between multiple tissues including cartilage, bone and synovium. Especially the cartilage component has limited self-healing capacity and damage often leads to the onset of osteoarthritis, eventually resulting in failure of the joint as an organ. Although in its infancy, biofabrication has emerged as a promising technology to reproduce the intricate organization of the joint, thus enabling the introduction of novel surgical treatments, regenerative therapies, and new sets of tools to enhance our understanding of joint physiology and pathology. Herein, we address the current challenges to recapitulate the complexity of articulating joints and how biofabrication could overcome them. The combination of multiple materials, biological cues and cells in a layer-by-layer fashion, can assist in reproducing both the zonal organization of cartilage and the gradual transition from resilient cartilage toward the subchondral bone in biofabricated osteochondral grafts. In this way, optimal integration of engineered constructs with the natural surrounding tissues can be obtained. Mechanical characteristics, including the smoothness and low friction that are hallmarks of the articular surface, can be tuned with multi-head or hybrid printers by controlling the spatial patterning of printed structures. Moreover, biofabrication can use digital medical images as blueprints for printing patient-specific implants. Finally, the current rapid advances in biofabrication hold significant potential for developing joint-on-a-chip models for personalized medicine and drug testing or even for the creation of implants that may be used to treat larger parts of the articulating joint. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 35:2089-2097, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paweena Diloksumpan
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Paul René van Weeren
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Levato
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtPO Box 85500, 3508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of OrthopaedicsUniversity Medical Centre UtrechtPO Box 85500, 3508 GAUtrechtThe Netherlands
- Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Equine SciencesUtrechtThe Netherlands
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Zhang C, Ying Z, Luo Q, Du H, Wang Y, Zhang K, Yan S, Li X, Shen Z, Zhu W. Poly(hexamethylene guanidine)-based hydrogels with long lasting antimicrobial activity and low toxicity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.28581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Ying
- Department of Orthopedics; 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; #88 Jie Fang Road Hangzhou 310009 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaojie Luo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
- The First Affiliated Hospital; College of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310003 People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Shigui Yan
- Department of Orthopedics; 2nd Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; #88 Jie Fang Road Hangzhou 310009 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Affiliated Stomatology Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310006 China
| | - Zhiquan Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization; Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University; Hangzhou 310027 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Adsorption and Separation Materials & Technologies of Zhejiang Province; Hangzhou 310027 China
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Khalid N, Kobayashi I, Nakajima M. Recent lab-on-chip developments for novel drug discovery. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2017; 9. [DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nauman Khalid
- School of Food and Agricultural Sciences; University of Management and Technology; Lahore Pakistan
- Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences; Deakin University; Waurn Ponds Australia
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
- Food Research Institute; NARO; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Mitsutoshi Nakajima
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences; University of Tsukuba; Tsukuba Japan
- Food Research Institute; NARO; Tsukuba Japan
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36
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Functionally graded materials for orthopedic applications – an update on design and manufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:504-531. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2015.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Sun H, Liu Z, Hu C, Ren K. Cell-on-hydrogel platform made of agar and alginate for rapid, low-cost, multidimensional test of antimicrobial susceptibility. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:3130-3138. [PMID: 27452345 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc00417b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a rapidly increasing threat to the effective treatment of infectious diseases worldwide. The two major remedies include: (1) using narrow-spectrum antibiotics based on rapid diagnosis; and (2) developing new antibiotics. A key part of both remedies is the antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST). However, the current standard ASTs that monitor colony formation are costly and time-consuming and the new strategies proposed are not yet practical to be implemented. Herein, we report a strategy to fabricate whole-hydrogel microfluidic chips using alginate-doped agar. This agar-based microfabrication makes it possible to prepare inexpensive hydrogel devices, and allows a seamless link between microfluidics and conventional agar-based cell culture. Different from common microfluidic systems, in our system the cells are cultured on top of the device, similar to normal agar plate culture; on the other hand, the microfluidic channels inside the hydrogel allow precise generation of linear gradient of drugs, thus giving a better performance than the conventional disk diffusion method. Cells in this system are not exposed to any shear flow, which allows the reliable tracking of individual cells and AST results to be obtained within 2-3 hours. Furthermore, our system could test the synergistic effect of drugs through two-dimensional gradient generation. Finally, the platform could be directly implemented to new drug discovery and other applications wherein a fast, cost-efficient method for studying the response of microorganisms upon drug administration is desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry,, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Zhengzhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry,, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chong Hu
- Department of Chemistry,, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Kangning Ren
- Department of Chemistry,, Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China. and State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, The Hong Kong Baptist University, Waterloo Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China and HKBU Institute of Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
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Paul A, Manoharan V, Krafft D, Assmann A, Uquillas JA, Shin SR, Hasan A, Hussain MA, Memic A, Gaharwar AK, Khademhosseini A. Nanoengineered biomimetic hydrogels for guiding human stem cell osteogenesis in three dimensional microenvironments. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:3544-3554. [PMID: 27525102 PMCID: PMC4980085 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb02745d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The ability to modulate stem cell differentiation in a three dimensional (3D) microenvironment for bone tissue engineering in absence of exogenous pharmaceutical agents such as bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2) remains a challenge. In this study, we introduce extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking nanocomposite hydrogels to induce osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) for bone regeneration in absence of any osteoinducting factors. In particular, we have reinforced photocrosslinkable collagen-based matrix (gelatin methacryloyl, GelMA) used disk-shaped nanosilicates (nSi), a new class of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. We show that nanoengineered hydrogels supported migration and proliferation of encapsulated hMSCs, with no signs of cell apoptosis or inflammatory cytokine responses. The addition of nSi significantly enhances osteogenic differentiation of encapsulated hMSCs as evident by the increase in alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity and deposition of biomineralized matrix compared to GelMA without nSi. We also show that microfabricated nanoengineered microgels can be used to pattern and control cellular behaviour. Furthermore, we also show that nanoengineered hydrogel have high biocompatibility as determined by in vivo experiments using immunocompetent rat model. Specifically, the hydrogels showed minimum localized immune responses, indicating it ability for tissue engineering applications. Overall, we showed the ability of nanoengineered hydrogels loaded with 2D nanosilicates for osteogenic differentiation of stem cells in vitro, in absence of any growth factors such as BMP-2. Our in vivo studies show high biocompatibility of nanocomposites and show the potential for growth factor free bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Paul
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Vijayan Manoharan
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Bioengineering Graduate Program, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Dorothee Krafft
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander Assmann
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heinrich Heine University, Medical Faculty, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Jorge Alfredo Uquillas
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito-Ecuador
| | - Su Ryon Shin
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mohammad Asif Hussain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adnan Memic
- Center of Nanotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhilesh K. Gaharwar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, 5024 Emerging Technology Building, College Station, TX 77843
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Morimoto Y, Hsiao AY, Takeuchi S. Point-, line-, and plane-shaped cellular constructs for 3D tissue assembly. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 95:29-39. [PMID: 26387835 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Microsized cellular constructs such as cellular aggregates and cell-laden hydrogel blocks are attractive cellular building blocks to reconstruct 3D macroscopic tissues with spatially ordered cells in bottom-up tissue engineering. In this regard, microfluidic techniques are remarkable methods to form microsized cellular constructs with high production rate and control of their shapes such as point, line, and plane. The fundamental shapes of the cellular constructs allow for the fabrication of larger arbitrary-shaped tissues by assembling them. This review introduces microfluidic formation methods of microsized cellular constructs and manipulation techniques to assemble them with control of their arrangements. Additionally, we show applications of the cellular constructs to biological studies and clinical treatments and discuss future trends as their potential applications.
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41
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Marom A, Mahto SK, Shor E, Tenenbaum-Katan J, Sznitman J, Shoham S. Microfluidic Chip for Site-Specific Neuropharmacological Treatment and Activity Probing of 3D Neuronal "Optonet" Cultures. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:1478-83, 1422. [PMID: 25953011 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The study introduces a "brain-on-a-chip" microfluidic platform that hosts brain-like 3D cultures ("optonets") whose activity and responses to flowing drugs are recorded optically. Optonets are viable, optically accessible 3D neural networks whose characteristics approximate cortical networks. The results demonstrate the ability to monitor complex 3D activity patterns during extended site-specific, reversible neuropharmacogical exposure, suggesting an interesting potential in drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Marom
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Erez Shor
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Janna Tenenbaum-Katan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Josué Sznitman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
| | - Shy Shoham
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; Technion-Israel Institute of Technology; Haifa 32000 Israel
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42
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Fujie T, Shi X, Ostrovidov S, Liang X, Nakajima K, Chen Y, Wu H, Khademhosseini A. Spatial coordination of cell orientation directed by nanoribbon sheets. Biomaterials 2015; 53:86-94. [PMID: 25890709 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Spatial coordination of cell orientation is of central importance in tissue/organ construction. In this study, we developed microfabricated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoribbon sheets with unique structures, using spin-coating and micropatterning techniques, in order to generate a hierarchically assembled cellular structure consisting of murine skeletal myoblasts (C2C12). The nanoribbon sheets were composed of aligned PLGA nanoribbons in the center, and strips on four sides which take a role as bridges to connect and immobilize the aligned nanoribbons. Such unique structures facilitated the alignment of C2C12 cells into bilayer cell sheets, and cellular alignment was directed by the aligned direction of nanoribbons. The nanoribbon sheets also facilitated the construction of multilayer cell sheets with anisotropic (orthogonal) and isotropic (parallel) orientations. The enhanced expression of myogenic genes of C2C12 cells on the bilayer cell sheets demonstrated that the nanoribbons induced C2C12 cell differentiation into mature myoblasts. The micropatterned nanoribbon sheets may be a useful tool for directing cellular organization with defined alignment for regenerative medicine and drug screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Fujie
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Department of Life Science and Medical Bioscience, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Xuetao Shi
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Serge Ostrovidov
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Xiaobin Liang
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Ken Nakajima
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yin Chen
- Department of Chemistry & Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Wu
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Department of Chemistry & Division of Biomedical Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan; Center for Biomedical Engineering, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21569, Saudi Arabia.
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43
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Yousefi AM, Hoque ME, Prasad RGSV, Uth N. Current strategies in multiphasic scaffold design for osteochondral tissue engineering: A review. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:2460-81. [PMID: 25345589 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The repair of osteochondral defects requires a tissue engineering approach that aims at mimicking the physiological properties and structure of two different tissues (cartilage and bone) using specifically designed scaffold-cell constructs. Biphasic and triphasic approaches utilize two or three different architectures, materials, or composites to produce a multilayered construct. This article gives an overview of some of the current strategies in multiphasic/gradient-based scaffold architectures and compositions for tissue engineering of osteochondral defects. In addition, the application of finite element analysis (FEA) in scaffold design and simulation of in vitro and in vivo cell growth outcomes has been briefly covered. FEA-based approaches can potentially be coupled with computer-assisted fabrication systems for controlled deposition and additive manufacturing of the simulated patterns. Finally, a summary of the existing challenges associated with the repair of osteochondral defects as well as some recommendations for future directions have been brought up in the concluding section of this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azizeh-Mitra Yousefi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Malaysia
| | - Rangabhatala G S V Prasad
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Nano Research for Advanced Materials, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nicholas Uth
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056
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Xiong B, Ren K, Shu Y, Chen Y, Shen B, Wu H. Recent developments in microfluidics for cell studies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:5525-32. [PMID: 24536032 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201305348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
As a technique for precisely manipulating fluid at the micrometer scale, the field of microfluidics has experienced an explosive growth over the past two decades, particularly owing to the advances in device design and fabrication. With the inherent advantages associated with its scale of operation, and its flexibility in being incorporated with other microscale techniques for manipulation and detection, microfluidics has become a major enabling technology, which has introduced new paradigms in various fields involving biological cells. A microfluidic device is able to realize functions that are not easily imaginable in conventional biological analysis, such as highly parallel, sophisticated high-throughput analysis, single-cell analysis in a well-defined manner, and tissue engineering with the capability of manipulation at the single-cell level. Major advancements in microfluidic device fabrication and the growing trend of implementing microfluidics in cell studies are presented, with a focus on biological research and clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xiong
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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45
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Shi X, Li L, Ostrovidov S, Shu Y, Khademhosseini A, Wu H. Stretchable and micropatterned membrane for osteogenic differentation of stem cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11915-23. [PMID: 24977302 DOI: 10.1021/am5029236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells have emerged as potentially useful cells for regenerative medicine applications. To fully harness this potential, it is important to develop in vitro cell culture platforms with spatially regulated mechanical, chemical, and biological cues to induce the differentiation of stem cells. In this study, a cell culture platform was constructed that used polydopamine (PDA)-coated parafilm. The modified parafilm supports cell attachment and proliferation. In addition, because of the superb plasticity and ductility of the parafilm, it can be easily micropatterned to regulate the spatial arrangements of cells, and can exert different mechanical tensions. Specifically, we constructed a PDA-coated parafilm with grooved micropatterns to induce the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells that were cultured on the PDA-coated parafilm exhibited significantly higher osteogenic commitment in response to mechanical and spatial cues compared to the ones without stretch. Our findings may open new opportunities for inducing osteogenesis of stem cells in vitro using the platform that combines mechanical and spatial cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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46
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Alexander PG, Gottardi R, Lin H, Lozito TP, Tuan RS. Three-dimensional osteogenic and chondrogenic systems to model osteochondral physiology and degenerative joint diseases. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1080-95. [PMID: 24994814 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214539232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered constructs have the potential to function as in vitro pre-clinical models of normal tissue function and disease pathogenesis for drug screening and toxicity assessment. Effective high throughput assays demand minimal systems with clearly defined performance parameters. These systems must accurately model the structure and function of the human organs and their physiological response to different stimuli. Musculoskeletal tissues present unique challenges in this respect, as they are load-bearing, matrix-rich tissues whose functionality is intimately connected to the extracellular matrix and its organization. Of particular clinical importance is the osteochondral junction, the target tissue affected in degenerative joint diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA), which consists of hyaline articular cartilage in close interaction with subchondral bone. In this review, we present an overview of currently available in vitro three-dimensional systems for bone and cartilage tissue engineering that mimic native physiology, and the utility and limitations of these systems. Specifically, we address the need to combine bone, cartilage and other tissues to form an interactive microphysiological system (MPS) to fully capture the biological complexity and mechanical functions of the osteochondral junction of the articular joint. The potential applications of three-dimensional MPSs for musculoskeletal biology and medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Alexander
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Riccardo Gottardi
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA Ri.MED Foundation, Palermo, I-90133 Italy
| | - Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Thomas P Lozito
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA
| | - Rocky S Tuan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15219 USA Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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Lin H, Lozito TP, Alexander PG, Gottardi R, Tuan RS. Stem cell-based microphysiological osteochondral system to model tissue response to interleukin-1β. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2203-12. [PMID: 24830762 PMCID: PMC4086740 DOI: 10.1021/mp500136b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic degenerative disease of the articular joint that involves both bone and cartilage degenerative changes. An engineered osteochondral tissue within physiological conditions will be of significant utility in understanding the pathogenesis of OA and testing the efficacy of potential disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). In this study, a multichamber bioreactor was fabricated and fitted into a microfluidic base. When the osteochondral construct is inserted, two chambers are formed on either side of the construct (top, chondral; bottom, osseous) that is supplied by different medium streams. These medium conduits are critical to create tissue-specific microenvironments in which chondral and osseous tissues will develop and mature. Human bone marrow stem cell (hBMSCs)-derived constructs were fabricated in situ and cultured within the bioreactor and induced to undergo spatially defined chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation for 4 weeks in tissue-specific media. We observed tissue specific gene expression and matrix production as well as a basophilic interface suggesting a developing tidemark. Introduction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) to either the chondral or osseous medium stream induced stronger degradative responses locally as well as in the opposing tissue type. For example, IL-1β treatment of the osseous compartment resulted in a strong catabolic response in the chondral layer as indicated by increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression and activity, and tissue-specific gene expression. This induction was greater than that seen with IL-1β application to the chondral component directly, indicative of active biochemical communication between the two tissue layers and supporting the osteochondral nature of OA. The microtissue culture system developed here offers novel capabilities for investigating the physiology of osteochondral tissue and pathogenic mechanisms of OA and serving as a high-throughput platform to test potential DMOADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Lin
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Engineering, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219, United States
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48
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Li L, Lv X, Ostrovidov S, Shi X, Zhang N, Liu J. Biomimetic microfluidic device for in vitro antihypertensive drug evaluation. Mol Pharm 2014; 11:2009-15. [PMID: 24673554 DOI: 10.1021/mp5000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic devices have emerged as revolutionary, novel platforms for in vitro drug evaluation. In this work, we developed a facile method for evaluating antihypertensive drugs using a microfluidic chip. This microfluidic chip was generated using the elastic material poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and a microchannel structure that simulated a blood vessel as fabricated on the chip. We then cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) inside the channel. Different pressures and shear stresses could be applied on the cells. The generated vessel mimics can be used for evaluating the safety and effects of antihypertensive drugs. Here, we used hydralazine hydrochloride as a model drug. The results indicated that hydralazine hydrochloride effectively decreased the pressure-induced dysfunction of endothelial cells. This work demonstrates that our microfluidic system provides a convenient and cost-effective platform for studying cellular responses to drugs under mechanical pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Beijing Key Laboratory of Cryo-Biomedical Engineering , Beijing100190, China
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49
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Shi X, Ostrovidov S, Shu Y, Liang X, Nakajima K, Wu H, Khademhosseini A. Microfluidic generation of polydopamine gradients on hydrophobic surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:832-8. [PMID: 24358938 DOI: 10.1021/la4041216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Engineered surface-bound molecular gradients are of great importance for a range of biological applications. In this paper, we fabricated a polydopamine gradient on a hydrophobic surface. A microfluidic device was used to generate a covalently conjugated gradient of polydopamine (PDA), which changed the wettabilty and the surface energy of the substrate. The gradient was subsequently used to enable the spatial deposition of adhesive proteins on the surface. When seeded with human adipose mesenchymal stem cells, the PDA-graded surface induced a gradient of cell adhesion and spreading. The PDA gradient developed in this study is a promising tool for controlling cellular behavior and may be useful in various biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Shi
- WPI-Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University , Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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50
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Du H, Zha G, Gao L, Wang H, Li X, Shen Z, Zhu W. Fully biodegradable antibacterial hydrogels via thiol–ene “click” chemistry. Polym Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4py00030g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Novel biodegradable antimicrobial hydrogels, which are promising for use as biomaterials, were prepared facilely via a thiol–ene “click” reaction under human physiological conditions using multifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives as precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Zha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Lilong Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Huan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
- Affiliated Stomatology Hospital
- School of Medicine
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310006, China
| | - Zhiquan Shen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Weipu Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027, People's Republic of China
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