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Sadaba N, Bayón JL, Nelson A, Steinmetz NF. Digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing of polymer networks comprising virus-like particles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9733-9736. [PMID: 39037748 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc02411g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we introduce a 3D-printable virus-like particle (VLP)-enhanced cross-linked biopolymer system. VLPs displaying surface-available acrylate groups were prepared through aza-Michael addition to serve as resins. The VLP resins were then photopolymerized into a poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) network following DLP 3D printing. This approach represents a convergence of disciplines, where the synergistic interaction between virology and additive manufacturing unlocks new frontiers in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naroa Sadaba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Jorge Leganés Bayón
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - Alshakim Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Center for Nano-ImmunoEngineering, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Shu and K.C. Chien and Peter Farrell Collaboratory, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Center for Engineering in Cancer, Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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2
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Sun X, Cui Z. Microbiological Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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3
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DFT studies on the physicochemical properties of a new potential drug carrier containing cellobiose units and its complex with paracetamol. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01950-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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4
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Microbiological Nanotechnology. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_16-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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5
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Tu H, Dai F, Cheng G, Yuan M, Zhou X, Wang Y, Zhang R, Zheng Y, Cheng Y, Deng H. Incorporation of Layered Rectorite into Biocompatible Core-Sheath Nanofibrous Mats for Sustained Drug Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4509-4520. [PMID: 34346208 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Searching for drug carries with controlled release and good biocompatibility has always been one of the research hotspots and difficulties. Herein, core-sheath nanofibrous mats (NFs) consisting of biocompatible poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO, core) and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA, sheath) for drug delivery were fabricated via coaxial electrospinning strategy. The nontoxic layered silicate rectorite (REC) with 0.5-1 wt % amount was introduced in the sheath for sustained drug delivery. Layered REC could be intercalated with PLLA macromolecule chains, leading to the densified structure for loading and keeping doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) while reversibly capturing and releasing DOX to delay the drug migration due to its high cation activity. The addition of REC in NFs could delay the initial burst release of DOX and prolong the residence time from 12 to 96 h. Moreover, DOX-loaded core-sheath NFs had in vitro culture with strong antitumor activity, which was confirmed by cytotoxicity results and live and dead assay. HepG2 tumor-bearing xenograft further demonstrated the tumor-suppression effect and the excellent safety of the DOX-loaded core-sheath NFs in vivo. The constructed NFs as drug carriers showed great potential in the local treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Tu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.,State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Fangfang Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Gu Cheng
- Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBME, Department of Oral and Maxillofical Trauma and Plastic Surgery, Wuhan University Stomatological Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Xue Zhou
- School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yanqing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Ruquan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yajing Zheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, China
| | - Hongbing Deng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Resource Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Sustainable Resource and Energy, Hubei Engineering Center of Natural Polymers-Based Medical Materials, School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China
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6
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Wang S, Yang P, Sun X, Xing H, Shi J. Facile synthesis of novel fluorescent phenol formaldehyde resin nanospheres for drug release. J Appl Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan P. R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan P. R. China
- Institute of Environment‐friendly Materials and Occupational Health Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan P. R. China
| | - Honglong Xing
- School of Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan P. R. China
| | - Jianjun Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering Anhui University of Science and Technology Huainan P. R. China
- Institute of Environment‐friendly Materials and Occupational Health Anhui University of Science and Technology Wuhu P. R. China
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7
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Huda S, Alam MA, Sharma PK. Smart nanocarriers-based drug delivery for cancer therapy: An innovative and developing strategy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.102018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China
- College of Life ScienceJiang Han University Wuhan 430056 China
| | - Zongqiang Cui
- State Key Laboratory of VirologyWuhan Institute of VirologyCenter for Biosafety Mega‐ScienceChinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China
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9
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Venkataraman S, Reddy VS, Khurana SMP. Biomedical Applications of Viral Nanoparticles in Vaccine Therapy. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9898-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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10
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Sokullu E, Soleymani Abyaneh H, Gauthier MA. Plant/Bacterial Virus-Based Drug Discovery, Drug Delivery, and Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E211. [PMID: 31058814 PMCID: PMC6572107 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11050211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have recently emerged as promising nanomaterials for biotechnological applications. One of the most important applications of viruses is phage display, which has already been employed to identify a broad range of potential therapeutic peptides and antibodies, as well as other biotechnologically relevant polypeptides (including protease inhibitors, minimizing proteins, and cell/organ targeting peptides). Additionally, their high stability, easily modifiable surface, and enormous diversity in shape and size, distinguish viruses from synthetic nanocarriers used for drug delivery. Indeed, several plant and bacterial viruses (e.g., phages) have been investigated and applied as drug carriers. The ability to remove the genetic material within the capsids of some plant viruses and phages produces empty viral-like particles that are replication-deficient and can be loaded with therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current applications of plant viruses and phages in drug discovery and as drug delivery systems and includes a discussion of the present status of virus-based materials in clinical research, alongside the observed challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Sokullu
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Hoda Soleymani Abyaneh
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
| | - Marc A Gauthier
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), EMT Research Center, Varennes, QC J3X 1S2, Canada.
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11
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Ma D, Chen Z, Yi L, Xi Z. Development of improved dual-diazonium reagents for faster crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus to form hydrogels. RSC Adv 2019; 9:29070-29077. [PMID: 35528434 PMCID: PMC9071817 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05630k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
New bench-stable reagents with two diazonium sites were designed and synthesized for protein crosslinking. Because of the faster diazonium-tyrosine coupling reaction, hydrogels from the crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus and the reagent DDA-3 could be prepared within 1 min at room temperature. Furthermore, hydrogels with the introduction of disulfide bonds viaDDA-4 could be chemically degraded by dithiothreitol. Our results provided a facile approach for the direct construction of virus-based hydrogels. Improved dual-diazonium reagents were developed for more efficient crosslinking of tobacco mosaic virus to form hydrogels.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Biology
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Long Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites
- Beijing University of Chemical Technology
- Beijing 100029
- China
| | - Zhen Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Department of Chemical Biology
- National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin)
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
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12
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Guenther RH, Lommel SA, Opperman CH, Sit TL. Plant Virus-Based Nanoparticles for the Delivery of Agronomic Compounds as a Suspension Concentrate. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1776:203-214. [PMID: 29869243 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7808-3_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle formulations of agrichemicals may enhance their performance while simultaneously mitigating any adverse environmental effects. Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) is a soil-transmitted plant virus with many inherent attributes that allow it to function as a plant virus-based nanoparticle (PVN) when loaded with biologically active ingredients. Here we describe how to formulate a PVN loaded with the nematicide abamectin (Abm) beginning with the propagation of the virus through the formulation, deactivation, and characterization of the finished product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard H Guenther
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Steven A Lommel
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Charles H Opperman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Tim L Sit
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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13
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Din FU, Aman W, Ullah I, Qureshi OS, Mustapha O, Shafique S, Zeb A. Effective use of nanocarriers as drug delivery systems for the treatment of selected tumors. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:7291-7309. [PMID: 29042776 PMCID: PMC5634382 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s146315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 102.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology has recently gained increased attention for its capability to effectively diagnose and treat various tumors. Nanocarriers have been used to circumvent the problems associated with conventional antitumor drug delivery systems, including their nonspecificity, severe side effects, burst release and damaging the normal cells. Nanocarriers improve the bioavailability and therapeutic efficiency of antitumor drugs, while providing preferential accumulation at the target site. A number of nanocarriers have been developed; however, only a few of them are clinically approved for the delivery of antitumor drugs for their intended actions at the targeted sites. The present review is divided into three main parts: first part presents introduction of various nanocarriers and their relevance in the delivery of anticancer drugs, second part encompasses targeting mechanisms and surface functionalization on nanocarriers and third part covers the description of selected tumors, including breast, lungs, colorectal and pancreatic tumors, and applications of relative nanocarriers in these tumors. This review increases the understanding of tumor treatment with the promising use of nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fakhar ud Din
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad
| | - Waqar Aman
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat
| | - Izhar Ullah
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Kashmir
| | | | | | - Shumaila Shafique
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi
| | - Alam Zeb
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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14
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Narayanan KB, Han SS. Icosahedral plant viral nanoparticles - bioinspired synthesis of nanomaterials/nanostructures. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:1-19. [PMID: 28916111 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Viral nanotechnology utilizes virus nanoparticles (VNPs) and virus-like nanoparticles (VLPs) of plant viruses as highly versatile platforms for materials synthesis and molecular entrapment that can be used in the nanotechnological fields, such as in next-generation nanoelectronics, nanocatalysis, biosensing and optics, and biomedical applications, such as for targeting, therapeutic delivery, and non-invasive in vivo imaging with high specificity and selectivity. In particular, plant virus capsids provide biotemplates for the production of novel nanostructured materials with organic/inorganic moieties incorporated in a very precise and controlled manner. Interestingly, capsid proteins of spherical plant viruses can self-assemble into well-organized icosahedral three-dimensional (3D) nanoscale multivalent architectures with high monodispersity and structural symmetry. Using viral genetic and protein engineering of icosahedral viruses with a variety of sizes, the interior, exterior and the interfaces between coat protein (CP) subunits can be manipulated to fabricate materials with a wide range of desirable properties allowing for biomineralization, encapsulation, infusion, controlled self-assembly, and multivalent ligand display of nanoparticles or molecules for varied applications. In this review, we discuss the various functional nanomaterials/nanostructures developed using the VNPs and VLPs of different icosahedral plant viruses and their nano(bio)technological and nanomedical applications.
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15
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Wen AM, Steinmetz NF. Design of virus-based nanomaterials for medicine, biotechnology, and energy. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:4074-126. [PMID: 27152673 PMCID: PMC5068136 DOI: 10.1039/c5cs00287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-based nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-based materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M Wen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Nicole F Steinmetz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA. and Department of Radiology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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16
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Cao J, Guenther RH, Sit TL, Lommel SA, Opperman CH, Willoughby JA. Development of abamectin loaded plant virus nanoparticles for efficacious plant parasitic nematode control. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:9546-53. [PMID: 25906360 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b00940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant parasitic nematodes are one of the world's major agricultural pests, causing in excess of $157 billion in worldwide crop damage annually. Abamectin (Abm) is a biological pesticide with a strong activity against a wide variety of plant parasitic nematodes. However, Abm's poor mobility in the soil compromises its nematicide performance because of the limited zone of protection surrounding the growing root system of the plant. In this study, we manipulated Abm's soil physical chemistry by encapsulating Abm within the Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV) to produce a plant virus nanoparticle (PVN) delivery system for Abm. The transmission electron microscopic and dynamic light scattering characterization of Abm-loaded PVN (PVN(Abm)) indicated the resultant viral capsid integrity and morphology comparable to native RCNMV. In addition, the PVN(Abm) significantly increased Abm's soil mobility while enabling a controlled release strategy for Abm's bioavailability to nematodes. As a result, PVN(Abm) enlarged the zone of protection from Meloidogyne hapla root knot nematodes in the soil as compared to treating with free Abm molecules. Tomato seedlings treated with PVN(Abm) had healthier root growth and a reduction in root galling demonstrating the success of this delivery system for the increased efficacy of Abm to control nematode damage in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- †Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, 2401 Research Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Richard H Guenther
- ‡Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Tim L Sit
- ‡Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Steven A Lommel
- ‡Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Charles H Opperman
- ‡Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, 850 Main Campus Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Julie A Willoughby
- †Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, 2401 Research Drive, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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17
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Plant virus directed fabrication of nanoscale materials and devices. Virology 2015; 479-480:200-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Cao J, Guenther RH, Sit TL, Opperman CH, Lommel SA, Willoughby JA. Loading and release mechanism of red clover necrotic mosaic virus derived plant viral nanoparticles for drug delivery of doxorubicin. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2014; 10:5126-5136. [PMID: 25098668 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201400558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Loading and release mechanisms of Red clover necrotic mosaicvirus (RCNMV) derived plant viral nanoparticle (PVN) are shown for controlled delivery of the anticancer drug, doxorubicin (Dox). Previous studies demonstrate that RCNMV's structure and unique response to divalent cation depletion and re-addition enables Dox infusion to the viral capsid through a pore formation mechanism. However, by controlling the net charge of RCNMV outer surface and accessibility of RCNMV interior cavity, tunable release of PVN is possible via manipulation of the Dox loading capacity and binding locations (external surface-binding or internal capsid-encapsulation) with the RCNMV capsid. Bimodal release kinetics is achieved via a rapid release of surface-Dox followed by a slow release of encapsulated Dox. Moreover, the rate of Dox release and the amount of released Dox increases with an increase in environmental pH or a decrease in concentration of divalent cations. This pH-responsive Dox release from PVN is controlled by Fickian diffusion kinetics where the release rate is dependent on the location of the bound or loaded active molecule. In summary, controllable release of Dox-loaded PVNs is imparted by 1) formulation conditions and 2) driven by the capsid's pH- and ion- responsive functions in a given environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, 2401 Research Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
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In vivo inhibition of hypertrophic scars by implantable ginsenoside-Rg3-loaded electrospun fibrous membranes. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:9461-73. [PMID: 23938200 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinically, hypertrophic scarring (HS) is a major concern for patients and has been a challenge for surgeons, as there is a lack of treatments that can intervene early in the formation of HS. This study reports on a Chinese drug, 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 (GS-Rg3), which can inhibit in vivo the early formation of HS and later HS hyperplasia by inducing the apoptosis of fibroblasts, inhibiting inflammation and down-regulating VEGF expression. Implantable biodegradable GS-Rg3-loaded poly(l-lactide) (PLA) fibrous membranes were successfully fabricated using co-electrospinning technology to control drug release and improve drug utilization. The in vivo releasing time of GS-Rg3 lasts for 3 months, and the drug concentration released in rabbits can be controlled by varying the drug content of the electrospun fibers. Histological observations of HE staining indicate that GS-Rg3/PLA significantly inhibits the HS formation, with obvious improvements in terms of dermis layer thickness, epidermis layer thickness and fibroblast proliferation. The results of immunohistochemistry staining and Masson's trichrome staining demonstrate that GS-Rg3/PLA electrospun fibrous membranes significantly inhibit HS formation, with decreased expression of collagen fibers and microvessels. VEGF protein levels are much lower in the group treated with GS-Rg3/PLA eletrospun membranes compared with other groups. These results demonstrate that GS-Rg3 is a novel drug, capable of inhibiting the early formation of HS and later HS hyperplasia. GS-Rg3/PLA electrospun membrane is a very promising new treatment for early and long-term treatment of HS.
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