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Taylor JM, Luan H, Lewis JA, Rogers JA, Nuzzo RG, Braun PV. Biomimetic and Biologically Compliant Soft Architectures via 3D and 4D Assembly Methods: A Perspective. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108391. [PMID: 35233865 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in soft material chemistry and enabling methods of 3D and 4D fabrication-emerging programmable material designs and associated assembly methods for the construction of complex functional structures-is highlighted. The underlying advances in this science allow the creation of soft material architectures with properties and shapes that programmably vary with time. The ability to control composition from the molecular to the macroscale is highlighted-most notably through examples that focus on biomimetic and biologically compliant soft materials. Such advances, when coupled with the ability to program material structure and properties across multiple scales via microfabrication, 3D printing, or other assembly techniques, give rise to responsive (4D) architectures. The challenges and prospects for progress in this emerging field in terms of its capacities for integrating chemistry, form, and function are described in the context of exemplary soft material systems demonstrating important but heretofore difficult-to-realize biomimetic and biologically compliant behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay M Taylor
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Haiwen Luan
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jennifer A Lewis
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ralph G Nuzzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Surface and Corrosion Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Drottning Kristinasväg 51, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Paul V Braun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Materials Research Laboratory, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 104 South Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, 600 S Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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McCracken JM, Rauzan BM, Kjellman JCE, Kandel ME, Liu YH, Badea A, Miller LA, Rogers SA, Popescu G, Nuzzo RG. 3D-Printed Hydrogel Composites for Predictive Temporal (4D) Cellular Organizations and Patterned Biogenic Mineralization. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1800788. [PMID: 30565889 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Materials chemistries for hydrogel scaffolds that are capable of programming temporal (4D) attributes of cellular decision-making in supported 3D microcultures are described. The scaffolds are fabricated using direct-ink writing (DIW)-a 3D-printing technique using extrusion to pattern scaffolds at biologically relevant diameters (≤ 100 µm). Herein, DIW is exploited to variously incorporate a rheological nanoclay, Laponite XLG (LAP), into 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)-based hydrogels-printing the LAP-HEMA (LH) composites as functional modifiers within otherwise unmodified 2D and 3D HEMA microstructures. The nanoclay-modified domains, when tested as thin films, require no activating (e.g., protein) treatments to promote robust growth compliances that direct the spatial attachment of fibroblast (3T3) and preosteoblast (E1) cells, fostering for the latter a capacity to direct long-term osteodifferentiation. Cell-to-gel interfacial morphologies and cellular motility are analyzed with spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM). Through combination of HEMA and LH gels, high-resolution DIW of a nanocomposite ink (UniH) that translates organizationally dynamic attributes seen with 2D gels into dentition-mimetic 3D scaffolds is demonstrated. These analyses confirm that the underlying materials chemistry and geometry of hydrogel nanocomposites are capable of directing cellular attachment and temporal development within 3D microcultures-a useful material system for the 4D patterning of hydrogel scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselle M. McCracken
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign 600 S. Matthews, Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Brittany M. Rauzan
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign 600 S. Matthews, Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jacob C. E. Kjellman
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign 600 S. Matthews, Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Mikhail E. Kandel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 4055 Beckman Institute MC 251, 405 N. Mathews Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Yu Hao Liu
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Adina Badea
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign 600 S. Matthews, Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Lou Ann Miller
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Simon A. Rogers
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign 600 S. Matthews Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Gabriel Popescu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 4055 Beckman Institute MC 251, 405 N. Mathews Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Ralph G. Nuzzo
- Department of Chemistry University of Illinois–Urbana Champaign 600 S. Matthews, Avenue Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
- Surface and Corrosion Science School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry Biotechnology and Health KTH Royal Institute of Technology Drottning Kristinasväg 51 100 44 Stockholm Sweden
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McCracken JM, Xu S, Badea A, Jang KI, Yan Z, Wetzel DJ, Nan K, Lin Q, Han M, Anderson MA, Lee JW, Wei Z, Pharr M, Wang R, Su J, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV, Rogers JA, Nuzzo RG. Deterministic Integration of Biological and Soft Materials onto 3D Microscale Cellular Frameworks. ADVANCED BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 1:1700068. [PMID: 29552634 PMCID: PMC5850936 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201700068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Complex 3D organizations of materials represent ubiquitous structural motifs found in the most sophisticated forms of matter, the most notable of which are in life-sustaining hierarchical structures found in biology, but where simpler examples also exist as dense multilayered constructs in high-performance electronics. Each class of system evinces specific enabling forms of assembly to establish their functional organization at length scales not dissimilar to tissue-level constructs. This study describes materials and means of assembly that extend and join these disparate systems-schemes for the functional integration of soft and biological materials with synthetic 3D microscale, open frameworks that can leverage the most advanced forms of multilayer electronic technologies, including device-grade semiconductors such as monocrystalline silicon. Cellular migration behaviors, temporal dependencies of their growth, and contact guidance cues provided by the nonplanarity of these frameworks illustrate design criteria useful for their functional integration with living matter (e.g., NIH 3T3 fibroblast and primary rat dorsal root ganglion cell cultures).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joselle M McCracken
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Sheng Xu
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Adina Badea
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kyung-In Jang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zheng Yan
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - David J Wetzel
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Kewang Nan
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Qing Lin
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mengdi Han
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Mikayla A Anderson
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jung Woo Lee
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Zijun Wei
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Matt Pharr
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Renhan Wang
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jessica Su
- Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Stanislav S Rubakhin
- Neuroscience Program University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan V Sweedler
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Neuroscience Program University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Ralph G Nuzzo
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Illinois-Urbana Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory and Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801, USA
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