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Raut S, Azheruddin M, Kumar R, Singh S, Giram PS, Datta D. Lecithin Organogel: A Promising Carrier for the Treatment of Skin Diseases. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:9865-9885. [PMID: 38463343 PMCID: PMC10918684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, as it protects the body from the external environment. Nowadays, skin diseases and skin problems are more common, and millions of people are affected daily. Skin diseases are due to numerous infectious pathogens or inflammatory conditions. The increasing demand for theoretical research and practical applications has led to the rising prominence of gel as a semisolid material. To this end, organogels has been widely explored due to their unique composition, which includes organic solvents and mineral or vegetable oils, among others. Organogels can be described as semisolid systems wherein an organic liquid phase is confined within a three-dimensional framework consisting of self-assembled, cross-linked, or entangled gelator fibers. These gels have the ability to undergo significant expansion and retain substantial amounts of the liquid phase, reaching up to 99% swelling capacity. Furthermore, they respond to a range of physical and chemical stimuli, including temperature, light, pH, and mechanical deformation. Notably, due to their distinctive properties, they have aroused significant interest in a variety of practical applications. Organogels favor the significant encapsulation and enhanced permeation of hydrophobic molecules when compared with hydrogels. Accordingly, organogels are characterized into lecithin organogels, pluronic lecithin organogels, sorbitan monostearate-based organogels, and eudragit organogels, among others, based on the nature of their network and the solvent system. Lecithin organogels contain lecithin (natural and safe as a living cell component) as an organogelator. It acts as a good penetration enhancer. In this review, first we have summarized the fundamental concepts related to the elemental structure of organogels, including their various forms, distinctive features, methods of manufacture, and diverse applications. Nonetheless, this review also sheds light on the delivery of therapeutic molecules entrapped in the lecithin organogel system into deep tissue for the management of skin diseases and provides a synopsis of their clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushil Raut
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Mohammed Azheruddin
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Shivani Singh
- Lloyd
Institute of Management and Technology, Plot No. 11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India
| | - Prabhanjan S. Giram
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Dr. DY Patil Institute
of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune, Maharashtra 411018, India
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at
Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Deepanjan Datta
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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Bhuyan MM, Islam M, Jeong JH. The Preparation and Characterization of N, N-Dimethyl Acrylamide-Diallyl Maleate Gel/Hydrogel in a Non-Aqueous Solution. Gels 2023; 9:598. [PMID: 37623053 PMCID: PMC10453531 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A few drugs need non-aqueous gels for release in the specific region of the intestine. The present work focuses on preparing N,N-Dimethyl acrylamide-Diallyl Maleate (DMAA-DAM) gel in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent by applying different doses of gamma radiation and then characterization. The blend solution of 10%: 10%-DMAA: DAM was prepared in DMSO and irradiated at 2, 5, 10, 20, and 30 kGy doses from the Co-60 gamma source. After extraction, it was observed that all of the radiation doses yielded more than 95% gel content. The best gel content was found for 10 kGy dose, which was 97%. The equilibrium swelling was optimized 1800% of the dried gel for 5 kGy dose. Gel formation was confirmed by analyzing characteristic functional groups and the environment of protons in the gel structure by using FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. The thermal stability was tested using DSC and TGA which showed the glass transition temperature at 86.55 °C and the degradation started at 320 °C. The XRD pattern analysis revealed the semi-crystalline nature of the gel. Therefore, DMAA-DAM gels can be a good candidate for use in different fields of study, especially in drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Murshed Bhuyan
- Thermal-Fluid Energy Machine Lab., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Mobinul Islam
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- Thermal-Fluid Energy Machine Lab., Department of Mechanical Engineering, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
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Aoyama T, Yamada N, Urayama K. Nonlinear Elasticity of Ultrasoft Near-Critical Gels with Extremely Sparse Network Structures Revealed by Biaxial Stretching. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c02737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Aoyama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Naoto Yamada
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
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4
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Tabet A, Gebhart T, Wu G, Readman C, Pierson Smela M, Rana VK, Baker C, Bulstrode H, Anikeeva P, Rowitch DH, Scherman OA. Applying support-vector machine learning algorithms toward predicting host-guest interactions with cucurbit[7]uril. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:14976-14982. [PMID: 32588846 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05800a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning is a valuable tool in the development of chemical technologies but its applications into supramolecular chemistry have been limited. Here, the utility of kernel-based support vector machine learning using density functional theory calculations as training data is evaluated when used to predict equilibrium binding coefficients of small molecules with cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). We find that utilising SVMs may confer some predictive ability. This algorithm was then used to predict the binding of drugs TAK-580 and selumetinib. The algorithm did predict strong binding for TAK-580 and poor binding for selumetinib, and these results were experimentally validated. It was discovered that the larger homologue cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) is partial to selumetinib, suggesting an opportunity for tunable release by introducing different concentrations of CB[7] or CB[8] into a hydrogel depot. We qualitatively demonstrated that these drugs may have utility in combination against gliomas. Finally, mass transfer simulations show CB[7] can independently tune the release of TAK-580 without affecting selumetinib. This work gives specific evidence that a machine learning approach to recognition of small molecules by macrocycles has merit and reinforces the view that machine learning may prove valuable in the development of drug delivery systems and supramolecular chemistry more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tabet
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK.
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Rana VK, Tabet A, Vigil JA, Balzer CJ, Narkevicius A, Finlay J, Hallou C, Rowitch DH, Bulstrode H, Scherman OA. Cucurbit[8]uril-Derived Graphene Hydrogels. ACS Macro Lett 2019; 8:1629-1634. [PMID: 35619388 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.9b00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The scalable production of uniformly distributed graphene (GR)-based composite materials remains a sizable challenge. While GR-polymer nanocomposites can be manufactured at a large scale, processing limitations result in poor control over the homogeneity of hydrophobic GR sheets in the matrices. Such processes often result in difficulties controlling stability and avoiding aggregation, therefore eliminating benefits that might have otherwise arisen from the nanoscopic dimensions of GR. Here, we report an exfoliated and stabilized GR dispersion in water. Cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])-mediated host-guest chemistry was used to obtain supramolecular hydrogels consisting of uniformly distributed GR and guest-functionalized macromolecules. The obtained GR hydrogels show superior bioelectrical properties over identical systems produced without CB[8]. Utilizing such supramolecular interactions with biologically derived macromolecules is a promising approach to stabilize graphene in water and avoid oxidative chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K. Rana
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Anthony Tabet
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Julian A. Vigil
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Christopher J. Balzer
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - Aurimas Narkevicius
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
| | - John Finlay
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Clement Hallou
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - David H. Rowitch
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Harry Bulstrode
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, U.K
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K
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Tabet A, Park JY, Shilts J, Sokolowski K, Rana VK, Kamp M, Warner N, Hoogland D, Scherman OA. Protein-mediated gelation and nano-scale assembly of unfunctionalized hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. F1000Res 2019; 7:1827. [PMID: 31448078 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16929.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the central nervous system and the only purely supramolecular glycosaminoglycan. Much focus has been given to using this high molecular weight polysaccharide for tissue engineering applications. In most studies, the backbone of HA is functionalized with moieties that can facilitate network formation through physical self-assembly, or covalent crosslinking (e.g. photo-catalyzed) at concentrations where the polysaccharide does not gel on its own. However, these crosslinks often utilize functional groups not found in biological tissues. Methods: Oscillatory rheology, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study albumin/HA structures. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used to study albumin/chondroitin sulfate (CS) structures. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the potential for using protein-polymer blends as an ECM-mimetic model to study transport of small molecules. Results: We examine the intermolecular interactions of two major glycosaminoglycans found in the human brain, HA and the lower molecular weight CS, with the model protein albumin. We report the properties of the resulting micro- and nano materials. Our albumin/HA systems formed gels, and albumin/CS systems formed micro- and nanoparticles. These systems are formed from unfunctionalized polysaccharides, which is an attractive and simple method of forming HA hydrogels and CS nanoparticles. We also summarize the concentrations of HA and CS found in various mammalian brains, which could potentially be useful for biomimetic scaffold development. Conclusions: Simple preparation of commercially available charged biomacromolecules results in interesting materials with structures at the micron and nanometer length-scales. Such materials may have utility in serving as cost-effective models of nervous system electrostatic interactions and as in vitro drug release and model system for ECM transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tabet
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - June Y Park
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kamil Sokolowski
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vijay K Rana
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marlous Kamp
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nina Warner
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominique Hoogland
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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7
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Tabet A, Park JY, Shilts J, Sokolowski K, Rana VK, Kamp M, Warner N, Hoogland D, Scherman OA. Protein-mediated gelation and nano-scale assembly of unfunctionalized hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate. F1000Res 2019; 7:1827. [PMID: 31448078 PMCID: PMC6688722 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.16929.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the central nervous system and the only purely supramolecular glycosaminoglycan. Much focus has been given to using this high molecular weight polysaccharide for tissue engineering applications. In most studies, the backbone of HA is functionalized with moieties that can facilitate network formation through physical self-assembly, or covalent crosslinking (e.g. photo-catalyzed) at concentrations where the polysaccharide does not gel on its own. However, these crosslinks often utilize functional groups not found in biological tissues. Methods: Oscillatory rheology, dynamic light scattering, and scanning electron microscopy were used to study albumin/HA structures. Dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy were used to study albumin/chondroitin sulfate (CS) structures. UV-vis spectroscopy was used to demonstrate the potential for using protein-polymer blends as an ECM-mimetic model to study transport of small molecules. Results: We examine the intermolecular interactions of two major glycosaminoglycans found in the human brain, HA and the lower molecular weight CS, with the model protein albumin. We report the properties of the resulting micro- and nano materials. Our albumin/HA systems formed gels, and albumin/CS systems formed micro- and nanoparticles. These systems are formed from unfunctionalized polysaccharides, which is an attractive and simple method of forming HA hydrogels and CS nanoparticles. We also summarize the concentrations of HA and CS found in various mammalian brains, which could potentially be useful for biomimetic scaffold development. Conclusions: Simple preparation of commercially available charged biomacromolecules results in interesting materials with structures at the micron and nanometer length-scales. Such materials may have utility in serving as cost-effective models of nervous system electrostatic interactions and as in vitro drug release and model system for ECM transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tabet
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - June Y Park
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Kamil Sokolowski
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Vijay K Rana
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marlous Kamp
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nina Warner
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dominique Hoogland
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Oren A Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Tabet A, Mommer S, Vigil JA, Hallou C, Bulstrode H, Scherman OA. Mechanical Characterization of Human Brain Tissue and Soft Dynamic Gels Exhibiting Electromechanical Neuro-Mimicry. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1900068. [PMID: 30945474 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic hydrogels are an important class of materials in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and other biomedical fields. Their mechanical and electrical properties can be tuned to match those of biological tissues. In this work, hydrogels that exhibit both mechanical and electrical biomimicry are reported. The presented dual networks consist of supramolecular networks formed from 2:1 homoternary complexes of imidazolium-based guest molecules in cucubit[8]uril and covalent networks of oligoethylene glycol-(di)methacrylate. The viscoelastic properties of human brain tissues are also investigated. The mechanical properties of the dual network gels are benchmarked against the human tissue, and it is found that they both are neuro-mimetic and exhibit cytocompatibility in a neural stem cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tabet
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
- Department of PaediatricsAddenbrooke's HospitalUniversity of Cambridge Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Stefan Mommer
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Julian A. Vigil
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Clement Hallou
- Department of PaediatricsAddenbrooke's HospitalUniversity of Cambridge Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Harry Bulstrode
- Department of PaediatricsAddenbrooke's HospitalUniversity of Cambridge Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer SynthesisDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of Cambridge Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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Tabet A, Jensen MP, Parkins CC, Patil PG, Watts C, Scherman OA. Designing Next-Generation Local Drug Delivery Vehicles for Glioblastoma Adjuvant Chemotherapy: Lessons from the Clinic. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801391. [PMID: 30632715 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
To date, the clinical outcomes and survival rates for patients with glioblastoma (GB) remain poor. A promising approach to disease-modification involves local delivery of adjuvant chemotherapy into the resection cavity, thus circumventing the restrictions imposed by the blood-brain barrier. The clinical performance of the only FDA-approved local therapy for GB [carmustine (BCNU)-loaded polyanhydride wafers], however, has been disappointing. There is an unmet medical need in the local treatment of GB for drug delivery vehicles that provide sustained local release of small molecules and combination drugs over several months. Herein, key quantitative lessons from the use of local and systemic adjuvant chemotherapy for GB in the clinic are outlined, and it is discussed how these can inform the development of next-generation therapies. Several recent approaches are highlighted, and it is proposed that long-lasting soft materials can capture the value of stiff BCNU-loaded wafers while addressing a number of unmet medical needs. Finally, it is suggested that improved communication between materials scientists, biomedical scientists, and clinicians may facilitate translation of these materials into the clinic and ultimately lead to improved clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Tabet
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Melanie P. Jensen
- Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Christopher C. Parkins
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Parag G. Patil
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Michigan Medical School; Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Colin Watts
- Division of Neurosurgery; Department of Clinical Neurosciences; Addenbrooke's Hospital; University of Cambridge; Hills Road Cambridge CB2 0QQ UK
- Department of Neurosurgery; Birmingham Brain Cancer Program; Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences; University of Birmingham; Birmingham B15 2TT UK
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
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