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Baghersad S, Sathish Kumar A, Kipper MJ, Popat K, Wang Z. Recent Advances in Tissue-Engineered Cardiac Scaffolds-The Progress and Gap in Mimicking Native Myocardium Mechanical Behaviors. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14050269. [PMID: 37233379 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14050269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the leading cause of death in the US and worldwide. Despite modern therapy, challenges remain to rescue the damaged organ that contains cells with a very low proliferation rate after birth. Developments in tissue engineering and regeneration offer new tools to investigate the pathology of cardiac diseases and develop therapeutic strategies for heart failure patients. Tissue -engineered cardiac scaffolds should be designed to provide structural, biochemical, mechanical, and/or electrical properties similar to native myocardium tissues. This review primarily focuses on the mechanical behaviors of cardiac scaffolds and their significance in cardiac research. Specifically, we summarize the recent development of synthetic (including hydrogel) scaffolds that have achieved various types of mechanical behavior-nonlinear elasticity, anisotropy, and viscoelasticity-all of which are characteristic of the myocardium and heart valves. For each type of mechanical behavior, we review the current fabrication methods to enable the biomimetic mechanical behavior, the advantages and limitations of the existing scaffolds, and how the mechanical environment affects biological responses and/or treatment outcomes for cardiac diseases. Lastly, we discuss the remaining challenges in this field and suggestions for future directions to improve our understanding of mechanical control over cardiac function and inspire better regenerative therapies for myocardial restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Baghersad
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Abinaya Sathish Kumar
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Matt J Kipper
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Ketul Popat
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
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2
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Wang Q, Yu X, Chen X, Gao J, Shi D, Shen Y, Tang J, He J, Li A, Yu L, Ding J. A Facile Composite Strategy to Prepare a Biodegradable Polymer Based Radiopaque Raw Material for "Visualizable" Biomedical Implants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:24197-24212. [PMID: 35580332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Enabling a biodegradable polymer radiopaque under X-ray is much desired for many medical devices. Physical blending of a present biodegradable polymer and a commercialized medical contrast agent is convenient yet lacks comprehensive fundamental research. Herein, we prepared a biodegradable polymer-based radiopaque raw material by blending poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA or simply PLA) and iohexol (IHX), where PLA constituted the continuous phase and IHX particles served as the dispersed phase. The strong X-ray adsorption of IHX enabled the composite radiopaque; the hydrolysis of the polyester and the water solubility of the contrast agent enabled the composite biodegradable in an aqueous medium. The idea was confirmed by in vitro characterizations of the resultant composite, in vivo subcutaneous implantation in rats up to 6 months, and the clear visualization of a part of a biodegradable occluder in a Bama piglet under X-ray. We also found that the crystallization of PLA was significantly enhanced in the presence of the solid particles, which should be taken into consideration in the design of an appropriate biomaterial composite because crystallization degree influences the biodegradation rate and mechanical property of a material to a large extent. We further tried to introduce a small amount of poly(vinylpyrrolidone) into the blend of PLA and IHX. Compared to the bicomponent composite, the tricomponent one exhibited decreased modulus and increased elongation at break and tensile strength. This paves more ways for researchers to select appropriate raw materials according to the regenerated tissue and the application site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunsong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xiaoye Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xianmiao Chen
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Jingming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Daokun Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Junhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Anning Li
- R&D Center, Lifetech Scientific (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Lin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jiandong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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3
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Nguyen-Truong M, Kim S, Doherty C, Frederes M, LeBar K, Ghosh S, Hematti P, Chinnadurai R, Wagner WR, Wang Z. Pro-angiogenic Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Regulated by Matrix Stiffness and Anisotropy Mimicking Right Ventricles. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2353-2361. [PMID: 35502841 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Capillary rarefaction is a hallmark of right ventricle (RV) failure. Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC)-based therapy offers a potential treatment due to its pro-angiogenic function. However, the impact of RV tissue mechanics on MSC behavior is unclear, especially when referring to RV end-diastolic stiffness and mechanical anisotropy. In this study, we assessed MSC behavior on electrospun scaffolds with varied stiffness (normal vs failing RV) and anisotropy (isotropic vs anisotropic). In individual MSCs, we observed the highest vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production and total tube length in the failing, isotropic group (2.00 ± 0.37, 1.53 ± 0.24), which was greater than the normal, isotropic group (0.70 ± 0.15, 0.55 ± 0.07; p < 0.05). The presence of anisotropy led to trends of increased VEGF production on normal groups (0.75 ± 0.09 vs 1.20 ± 0.17), but this effect was absent on failing groups. Our findings reveal synergistic effects of RV-like stiffness and anisotropy on MSC pro-angiogenic function and may guide MSC-based therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nguyen-Truong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Seungil Kim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Courtney Doherty
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Megan Frederes
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Kristen LeBar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Soham Ghosh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison-School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53726, United States
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, Georgia 31207, United States
| | - William R Wagner
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261, United States
| | - Zhijie Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523-1376, United States
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4
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Shi M, Bai L, Xu M, Li Z, Hu T, Hu J, Zhang Z, Yin Z, Guo B. Micropatterned conductive elastomer patch based on poly(glycerol sebacate)-graphene for cardiac tissue repair. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35235923 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac59f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Preparing a micropatterned elastomer film with characteristics that can simulate the mechanical properties, anisotropy, and electroactivity of natural myocardial tissues is crucial in cardiac tissue engineering after myocardial infarction (MI). Therefore, in this study, we developed several elastomeric films with a surface micropattern based on poly (glycerol sebacate) (PGS) and graphene (Gr). These films have sufficient mechanical strength (0.6 ± 0.1-3.2 ± 0.08 MPa) to withstand heartbeats, and the micropatterned structure also satisfies the natural myocardium anisotropy in the transverse and vertical. Moreover, Gr makes these films conductive (up to 5.80 × 10-7 S/m), which is necessary for the conduction of electrical signals between cardiomyocytes and the cardiac tissue. Furthermore, they have good cytocompatibility and can promote cell proliferation in H9c2 rat cardiomyocyte cell lines. In vivo test results indicate that these films have good biocompatibility. Notably, a film with 1 wt% Gr content (PGS-Gr1) significantly affects the recovery of myocardial function in rats after MI. This film effectively decreased the infarct size and degree of myocardial fibrosis and reduced collagen deposition. Echocardiographic evaluation showed that after treatment with this film, the left ventricular internal dimension in systole and left ventricular internal dimension in diastole of rats exhibited a significant downward trend, whereas the fractional shortening and ejection fraction were significantly increased compared with the control group. These data indicate that this electroactive micropatterned anisotropic elastomer film can be applied in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Shi
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Lang Bai
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Meiguang Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710061, CHINA
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Tianli Hu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
| | - Juan Hu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xiwu Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, CHINA
| | - Zixi Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, CHINA
| | - Zhanhai Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 99 Yanxiang Road, Xi'an, 710061, CHINA
| | - Baolin Guo
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA
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5
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Murray AF, Delivopoulos E. Adhesion and Growth of Neuralized Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells on Parylene-C/SiO 2 Substrates. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123174. [PMID: 34207642 PMCID: PMC8226677 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal patterning on microfabricated architectures has developed rapidly over the past few years, together with the emergence of soft biocompatible materials and tissue engineering scaffolds. Previously, we introduced a patterning technique based on serum and the biopolymer parylene-C, achieving highly compliant growth of primary neurons and astrocytes on different geometries. Here, we expanded this technique and illustrated that neuralized cells derived from mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) followed stripes of variable widths with conformity equal to or higher than that of primary neurons and astrocytes. Our results indicate the presence of undifferentiated mESCs, which also conformed to the underlying patterns to a high degree. This is an exciting and unexpected outcome, as molecular mechanisms governing cell and ECM protein interactions are different in stem cells and primary cells. Our study enables further investigations into the development and electrophysiology of differentiating patterned neural stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan F. Murray
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FB, UK;
| | - Evangelos Delivopoulos
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6DH, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-11-8378-8615
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6
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Santos ARMP, Jang Y, Son I, Kim J, Park Y. Recapitulating Cardiac Structure and Function In Vitro from Simple to Complex Engineering. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040386. [PMID: 33916254 PMCID: PMC8067203 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac tissue engineering aims to generate in vivo-like functional tissue for the study of cardiac development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Since the heart is composed of various types of cells and extracellular matrix with a specific microenvironment, the fabrication of cardiac tissue in vitro requires integrating technologies of cardiac cells, biomaterials, fabrication, and computational modeling to model the complexity of heart tissue. Here, we review the recent progress of engineering techniques from simple to complex for fabricating matured cardiac tissue in vitro. Advancements in cardiomyocytes, extracellular matrix, geometry, and computational modeling will be discussed based on a technology perspective and their use for preparation of functional cardiac tissue. Since the heart is a very complex system at multiscale levels, an understanding of each technique and their interactions would be highly beneficial to the development of a fully functional heart in cardiac tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jongseong Kim
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +82-10-8858-7260 (J.K.); +82-10-4260-6460 (Y.P.)
| | - Yongdoo Park
- Correspondence: (J.K.); (Y.P.); Tel.: +82-10-8858-7260 (J.K.); +82-10-4260-6460 (Y.P.)
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7
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Pushp P, Bhaskar R, Kelkar S, Sharma N, Pathak D, Gupta MK. Plasticized poly(vinylalcohol) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) based patches with tunable mechanical properties for cardiac tissue engineering applications. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 118:2312-2325. [PMID: 33675237 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) are the two most investigated biopolymers for various tissue engineering applications. However, their poor tensile strength renders them unsuitable for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). In this study, we developed and evaluated PVA-PVP-based patches, plasticized with glycerol or propylene glycol (0.1%-0.4%; v:v), for their application in CTE. The cardiac patches were evaluated for their physico-chemical (weight, thickness, folding endurance, FT-IR, and swelling behavior) and mechanical properties. The optimized patches were characterized for their ability to support in vitro attachment, viability, proliferation, and beating behavior of neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes (CMs). In vivo evaluation of the cardiac patches was done under the subcutaneous skin pouch and heart of rat models. Results showed that the optimized molar ratio of PVA:PVP with plasticizers (0.3%; v-v) resulted in cardiac patches, which were dry at room temperature and had desirable folding endurance of at least 300, a tensile strength of 6-23 MPa and, percentage elongation at break of more than 250%. Upon contact with phosphate-buffered saline, these PVA-PVP patches formed hydrogel patches having the tensile strength of 1.3-3.0 MPa. The patches supported the attachment, viability, and proliferation of primary neonatal mouse CMs and were nonirritant and noncorrosive to cardiac cells. In vivo transplantation of cardiac patches into a subcutaneous pouch and on the heart of rat models revealed them to be biodegradable, biocompatible, and safe for use in CTE applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Pushp
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.,Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Bhaskar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Samruddhi Kelkar
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agriculture Science and Technology of Jammu, Jammu, India
| | - Devendra Pathak
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Sciences, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
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8
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Chiang MY, Cheng HW, Lo YC, Wang WC, Chang SJ, Cheng CH, Lin YC, Lu HE, Sue MW, Tsou NT, Lo YC, Li SJ, Kuo CH, Chen YY, Huang WC, Chen SY. 4D spatiotemporal modulation of biomolecules distribution in anisotropic corrugated microwrinkles via electrically manipulated microcapsules within hierarchical hydrogel for spinal cord regeneration. Biomaterials 2021; 271:120762. [PMID: 33773400 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Although traditional 3D scaffolds or biomimetic hydrogels have been used for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, soft tissue microenvironment usually has a highly anisotropic structure and a dynamically controllable deformation with various biomolecule distribution. In this study, we developed a hierarchical hybrid gelatin methacrylate-microcapsule hydrogel (HGMH) with Neurotrophin-3(NT-3)-loaded PLGA microcapsules to fabricate anisotropic structure with patterned NT-3 distribution (demonstrated as striped and triangular patterns) by dielectrophoresis (DEP). The HGMH provides a dynamic biomimetic sinuate-microwrinkles change with NT-3 spatial gradient and 2-stage time-dependent distribution, which was further simulated using a 3D finite element model. As demonstrated, in comparison with striped-patterned hydrogel, the triangular-patterned HGMH with highly anisotropic array of microcapsules exhibits remarkably spatial NT-3 gradient distributions that can not only guide neural stem cells (NSCs) migration but also facilitate spinal cord injury regeneration. This approach to construct hierarchical 4D hydrogel system via an electromicrofluidic platform demonstrates the potential for building various biomimetic soft scaffolds in vitro tailed to real soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yu Chiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hung-Wei Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chih Lo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Chun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shwu-Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd., Jiaosu Village, Kaohsiung, 840, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chu-Hsun Cheng
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurosurgery, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chang Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Huai-En Lu
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Wen Sue
- Food Industry Research and Development Institute, No. 331 Shih-Pin Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nien-Ti Tsou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ssu-Ju Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chao-Hung Kuo
- Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, No. 1959 NE Pacific Street, Seattle, WA, 98195-6470, USA
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, No. 250 Wu-Xing Street, Taipei, 110, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming University, No. 155, Section 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Chen Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - San-Yuan Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 1001 Ta-Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; Frontier Research Centre on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, No. 101-1, Sec. 2, Guangfu Rd., Hsinchu, 300, Taiwan, ROC; School of Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Rd., Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Science, China Medical University, No. 100, Sec. 1, Jingmao Rd., Taichung, 406, Taiwan, ROC.
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9
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Moysidou CM, Barberio C, Owens RM. Advances in Engineering Human Tissue Models. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 8:620962. [PMID: 33585419 PMCID: PMC7877542 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.620962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research in cell biology greatly relies on cell-based in vitro assays and models that facilitate the investigation and understanding of specific biological events and processes under different conditions. The quality of such experimental models and particularly the level at which they represent cell behavior in the native tissue, is of critical importance for our understanding of cell interactions within tissues and organs. Conventionally, in vitro models are based on experimental manipulation of mammalian cells, grown as monolayers on flat, two-dimensional (2D) substrates. Despite the amazing progress and discoveries achieved with flat biology models, our ability to translate biological insights has been limited, since the 2D environment does not reflect the physiological behavior of cells in real tissues. Advances in 3D cell biology and engineering have led to the development of a new generation of cell culture formats that can better recapitulate the in vivo microenvironment, allowing us to examine cells and their interactions in a more biomimetic context. Modern biomedical research has at its disposal novel technological approaches that promote development of more sophisticated and robust tissue engineering in vitro models, including scaffold- or hydrogel-based formats, organotypic cultures, and organs-on-chips. Even though such systems are necessarily simplified to capture a particular range of physiology, their ability to model specific processes of human biology is greatly valued for their potential to close the gap between conventional animal studies and human (patho-) physiology. Here, we review recent advances in 3D biomimetic cultures, focusing on the technological bricks available to develop more physiologically relevant in vitro models of human tissues. By highlighting applications and examples of several physiological and disease models, we identify the limitations and challenges which the field needs to address in order to more effectively incorporate synthetic biomimetic culture platforms into biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Róisín Meabh Owens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Zhao P, Wang J, Li Y, Wang X, Chen C, Liu G. Microfluidic Technology for the Production of Well-Ordered Porous Polymer Scaffolds. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1863. [PMID: 32825098 PMCID: PMC7564514 DOI: 10.3390/polym12091863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in tissue engineering (TE) have revealed that porosity architectures, such as pore shape, pore size and pore interconnectivity are the key morphological properties of scaffolds. Well-ordered porous polymer scaffolds, which have uniform pore size, regular geometric shape, high porosity and good pore interconnectivity, facilitate the loading and distribution of active biomolecules, as well as cell adhesion, proliferation and migration. However, these are difficult to prepare by traditional methods and the existing well-ordered porous scaffold preparation methods require expensive experimental equipment or cumbersome preparation steps. Generally, droplet-based microfluidics, which generates and manipulates discrete droplets through immiscible multiphase flows inside microchannels, has emerged as a versatile tool for generation of well-ordered porous materials. This short review details this novel method and the latest developments in well-ordered porous scaffold preparation via microfluidic technology. The pore structure and properties of microfluidic scaffolds are discussed in depth, laying the foundation for further research and application in TE. Furthermore, we outline the bottlenecks and future developments in this particular field, and a brief outlook on the future development of microfluidic technique for scaffold fabrication is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhao
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Yan Li
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China;
| | - Chengmin Chen
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
| | - Guangxia Liu
- Energy Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, China; (J.W.); (Y.L.); (C.C.); (G.L.)
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China
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