1
|
Yoo S, Kim M, Choi C, Kim DH, Cha GD. Soft Bioelectronics for Neuroengineering: New Horizons in the Treatment of Brain Tumor and Epilepsy. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303563. [PMID: 38117136 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Soft bioelectronic technologies for neuroengineering have shown remarkable progress, which include novel soft material technologies and device design strategies. Such technological advances that are initiated from fundamental brain science are applied to clinical neuroscience and provided meaningful promises for significant improvement in the diagnosis efficiency and therapeutic efficacy of various brain diseases recently. System-level integration strategies in consideration of specific disease circumstances can enhance treatment effects further. Here, recent advances in soft implantable bioelectronics for neuroengineering, focusing on materials and device designs optimized for the treatment of intracranial disease environments, are reviewed. Various types of soft bioelectronics for neuroengineering are categorized and exemplified first, and then details for the sensing and stimulating device components are explained. Next, application examples of soft implantable bioelectronics to clinical neuroscience, particularly focusing on the treatment of brain tumor and epilepsy are reviewed. Finally, an ideal system of soft intracranial bioelectronics such as closed-loop-type fully-integrated systems is presented, and the remaining challenges for their clinical translation are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungwon Yoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changsoon Choi
- Center for Opto-Electronic Materials and Devices, Post-silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Doo Cha
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, 17546, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Scheiwiller SC, Mata JP, Pozzo LD. Morphology of poly-3-hexyl-thiophene blends with styrene-isoprene-styrene block-copolymer elastomers from X-ray and neutron scattering. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6247-6265. [PMID: 39052234 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00495g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The nano- and micron scale morphology of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene (PS-PI-PS) elastomeric blends is investigated through the use of ultra-small and small angle X-ray and neutron scattering (USAXS, SAXS, SANS). It is demonstrated that loading P3HT into elastomer matrices is possible with little distortion of the elastomeric structure up to a loading of ∼5 wt%. Increased loadings of conjugated polymer is found to significantly distort the matrix structure. Changes in processing conditions are also found to affect the blend morphology with especially strong dependence on processing temperature. Processing temperatures above the glass transition temperature (Tg) of polystyrene and the melting temperature (Tm) of the conjugated polymer additive (P3HT) creates significantly more organized mesophase domains. P3HT blends with PS-PI-PS can also be flow-aligned through processing, which results in an anisotropic structure that could be useful for the generation of anisotropic properties (e.g. conductivity). Moreover, the extent of flow alignment is significantly affected by the P3HT loading in the PS-PI-PS matrix. The work adds insight to the morphological understanding of a complex P3HT and PS-PI-PS polymer blend as conjugated polymer is added to the system. We also provide studies isolating the effect of processing changes aiding in the understanding of the structural changes in this elastomeric conjugated polymer blend.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sage C Scheiwiller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Jitendra P Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering (ACNS), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Lilo D Pozzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Han SI, Sunwoo SH, Park CS, Lee SP, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Next-Generation Cardiac Interfacing Technologies Using Nanomaterial-Based Soft Bioelectronics. ACS NANO 2024; 18:12025-12048. [PMID: 38706306 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac interfacing devices are essential components for the management of cardiovascular diseases, particularly in terms of electrophysiological monitoring and implementation of therapies. However, conventional cardiac devices are typically composed of rigid and bulky materials and thus pose significant challenges for effective long-term interfacing with the curvilinear surface of a dynamically beating heart. In this regard, the recent development of intrinsically soft bioelectronic devices using nanocomposites, which are fabricated by blending conductive nanofillers in polymeric and elastomeric matrices, has shown great promise. The intrinsically soft bioelectronics not only endure the dynamic beating motion of the heart and maintain stable performance but also enable conformal, reliable, and large-area interfacing with the target cardiac tissue, allowing for high-quality electrophysiological mapping, feedback electrical stimulations, and even mechanical assistance. Here, we explore next-generation cardiac interfacing strategies based on soft bioelectronic devices that utilize elastic conductive nanocomposites. We first discuss the conventional cardiac devices used to manage cardiovascular diseases and explain their undesired limitations. Then, we introduce intrinsically soft polymeric materials and mechanical restraint devices utilizing soft polymeric materials. After the discussion of the fabrication and functionalization of conductive nanomaterials, the introduction of intrinsically soft bioelectronics using nanocomposites and their application to cardiac monitoring and feedback therapy follow. Finally, comments on the future prospects of soft bioelectronics for cardiac interfacing technologies are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Ihn Han
- Biomaterials Research Center, Biomedical Research Division, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Soon Park
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chang S, Koo JH, Yoo J, Kim MS, Choi MK, Kim DH, Song YM. Flexible and Stretchable Light-Emitting Diodes and Photodetectors for Human-Centric Optoelectronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:768-859. [PMID: 38241488 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices with unconventional form factors, such as flexible and stretchable light-emitting or photoresponsive devices, are core elements for the next-generation human-centric optoelectronics. For instance, these deformable devices can be utilized as closely fitted wearable sensors to acquire precise biosignals that are subsequently uploaded to the cloud for immediate examination and diagnosis, and also can be used for vision systems for human-interactive robotics. Their inception was propelled by breakthroughs in novel optoelectronic material technologies and device blueprinting methodologies, endowing flexibility and mechanical resilience to conventional rigid optoelectronic devices. This paper reviews the advancements in such soft optoelectronic device technologies, honing in on various materials, manufacturing techniques, and device design strategies. We will first highlight the general approaches for flexible and stretchable device fabrication, including the appropriate material selection for the substrate, electrodes, and insulation layers. We will then focus on the materials for flexible and stretchable light-emitting diodes, their device integration strategies, and representative application examples. Next, we will move on to the materials for flexible and stretchable photodetectors, highlighting the state-of-the-art materials and device fabrication methods, followed by their representative application examples. At the end, a brief summary will be given, and the potential challenges for further development of functional devices will be discussed as a conclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Department of Semiconductor Systems Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Semiconductor and System IC, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, SNU, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) Graduate School, GIST, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Choi C, Lee GJ, Chang S, Song YM, Kim DH. Nanomaterial-Based Artificial Vision Systems: From Bioinspired Electronic Eyes to In-Sensor Processing Devices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:1241-1256. [PMID: 38166167 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
High-performance robotic vision empowers mobile and humanoid robots to detect and identify their surrounding objects efficiently, which enables them to cooperate with humans and assist human activities. For error-free execution of these robots' tasks, efficient imaging and data processing capabilities are essential, even under diverse and complex environments. However, conventional technologies fall short of meeting the high-standard requirements of robotic vision under such circumstances. Here, we discuss recent progress in artificial vision systems with high-performance imaging and data processing capabilities enabled by distinctive electrical, optical, and mechanical characteristics of nanomaterials surpassing the limitations of traditional silicon technologies. In particular, we focus on nanomaterial-based electronic eyes and in-sensor processing devices inspired by biological eyes and animal visual recognition systems, respectively. We provide perspectives on key nanomaterials, device components, and their functionalities, as well as explain the remaining challenges and future prospects of the artificial vision systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changsoon Choi
- Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Post-silicon Semiconductor Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Gil Ju Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- AI Graduate School, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
- Department of Semiconductor Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lee H, Kim HJ, Shin Y, Kim DH. Phase-separated stretchable conductive nanocomposite to reduce contact resistance of skin electronics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1393. [PMID: 38228674 PMCID: PMC10791646 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51980-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin electronics, facilitating a high-quality interface between external devices and human skin for recording physiological and/or electrophysiological signals as well as delivering external electrical and/or mechanical energy into the human body, has shown significant progress. However, achieving mechanically conformal contact and electrically low contact resistance at the device-skin interface remains challenging. Here, we propose a material strategy to potentially address such an issue by using phase separation of silver nanowires and silver nanoparticles (Ag NWs and Ag NPs) within a stretchable conductive nanocomposite (NC). This phase-separated NC ensures low contact resistance and high conductivity, which are key requirements in skin electronics, while maintaining excellent mechanical contact with the skin. To achieve phase separation, we hydrophobically treated the surfaces of Ag NWs and Ag NPs. Then, as the NC solidified, the solvent contained in the NC was slowly evaporated to sufficiently precipitate Ag NPs within the NC. As a result, the phase-separated NC exhibited high conductivity (~ 18,535 S cm-1), excellent stretchability (~ 80%), and low contact resistance on both the top and bottom NC surfaces (average ~ 0.132 Ω). The phase-separated NC has enabled implementation of high performance skin-mounted devices, including strain sensors, electrophysiological sensors, and a wearable heater.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonsoo Shin
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lan MH, Guan X, Zhu DY, Chen ZP, Liu T, Tang Z. Highly Elastic, Self-Healing, Recyclable Interlocking Double-Network Liquid-Free Ionic Conductive Elastomers via Facile Fabrication for Wearable Strain Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19447-19458. [PMID: 37037788 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Liquid-free ionic conductive elastomers (ICEs) are ideal materials for wearable strain sensors in increasingly flexible electronic devices. However, developing recyclable ICEs with high elasticity, self-healability, and recyclability is still a great challenge. In this study, we fabricated a series of novel ICEs by in situ polymerization of lipoic acid (LA) in poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) solution and cross-linking by coordination bonding and hydrogen bonding. One of the obtained dynamically cross-linked interlocking double-network ICEs, PLA-PAA4-1% ICE, showed excellent mechanical properties, with high elasticity (90%) and stretchability (610%), as well as rapid self-healability (mechanical self-healing within 2 h and electrical recovery within 0.3 s). The PLA-PAA4-1% ICE was used as a strain sensor and possessed excellent linear sensitivity and highly cyclic stability, effectively monitoring diverse human motions with both stretched and compressed deformations. Notably, the PLA-PAA4-1% ICE can be fully recycled and reused as a new strain sensor without any structure change or degradation in performance. This work provided a viable path to fabricate conductive materials by solving the two contradictions of high mechanical property and self-healability, and structure stability and recyclability. We believe that the superior overall performance and feasible fabrication make the developed PLA-PAA4-1% ICE hold great promise as a multifunctional strain sensor for practical applications in flexible wearable electronic devices and humanoid robotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Hui Lan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guan
- China Electronic Product Reliability and Environmental Testing Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510507, P. R. China
| | - Dong Yu Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang 515200, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Biorefinery, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhi Peng Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tingsu Liu
- School of Physics and Optoeletronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Tang
- School of Physics and Optoeletronic Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim HJ, Jung D, Sunwoo SH, Jung S, Koo JH, Kim DH. Integration of Conductive Nanocomposites and Nanomembranes for High‐Performance Stretchable Conductors. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dongjun Jung
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Institute of Radiation Medicine Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sonwoo Jung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cao HL, Cai SQ. Recent advances in electronic skins: material progress and applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1083579. [PMID: 36588929 PMCID: PMC9795216 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1083579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skins are currently in huge demand for health monitoring platforms and personalized medicine applications. To ensure safe monitoring for long-term periods, high-performance electronic skins that are softly interfaced with biological tissues are required. Stretchability, self-healing behavior, and biocompatibility of the materials will ensure the future application of electronic skins in biomedical engineering. This mini-review highlights recent advances in mechanically active materials and structural designs for electronic skins, which have been used successfully in these contexts. Firstly, the structural and biomechanical characteristics of biological skins are described and compared with those of artificial electronic skins. Thereafter, a wide variety of processing techniques for stretchable materials are reviewed, including geometric engineering and acquiring intrinsic stretchability. Then, different types of self-healing materials and their applications in electronic skins are critically assessed and compared. Finally, the mini-review is concluded with a discussion on remaining challenges and future opportunities for materials and biomedical research.
Collapse
|
10
|
Boncel S, Jędrysiak RG, Czerw M, Kolanowska A, Blacha AW, Imielski M, Jóźwiak B, Dzida MH, Greer HF, Sobotnicki A. Paintable Carbon Nanotube Coating-Based Textronics for Sustained Holter-Type Electrocardiography. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2022; 5:15762-15774. [PMID: 36338322 PMCID: PMC9623549 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c03904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing population suffering from or at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases can benefit from rapid, precise, and readily available diagnostics. Textronics is an interdisciplinary approach for designing and manufacturing high-performance flexible electronics integrated with textiles for various applications, with electrocardiography (ECG) being the most convenient and most frequently used diagnostic technique for textronic solutions. The key challenges that still exist for textronics include expedient manufacturing, adaptation to human subjects, sustained operational stability for Holter-type data acquisition, reproducibility, and compatibility with existing solutions. The present study demonstrates conveniently paintable ECG electroconductive coatings on T-shirts woven from polyester or 70% polyamide and 30% polyester. The up to 600-μm-thick coatings encompass working electrodes of low resistivity 60 Ω sq-1 sheathed in the insulated pathways-conjugable with a wireless, multichannel ECG recorder. Long (800 μm) multiwalled carbon nanotubes, with scalable reproducibility and purity (18 g per round of synthesis), constituted the electroactive components and were embedded into a commercially available screen-printing acrylic base. The resulting paint had a viscosity of 0.75 Pa·s at 56 s-1 and 25 °C and was conveniently applied using a paintbrush, making this technique accessible to manufacturers. The amplified and nondigitally processed ECG signals were recorded under dry-skin conditions using a certified ECG recorder. The system enabled the collection of ECG signals from two channels, allowing the acquisition of cardiac electrical activity on six ECG leads with quality at par with medical diagnostics. Importantly, the Holter-type ECG allowed ambulatory recording for >24 h under various activities (sitting, sleeping, walking, and running) in three male participants. The ECG signal was stable for >5 cycles of washing, a level of stability not reported yet previously. The developed ECG-textronic application possesses acceptable and reproducible characteristics, making this technology a suitable candidate for further testing in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir Boncel
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Rafał G. Jędrysiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Czerw
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Roosevelta 118, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
- Department
of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Roosevelta 40, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Kolanowska
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Biotechnology
Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Anna W. Blacha
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maciej Imielski
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Bertrand Jóźwiak
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Bioorganic Chemistry
and Biotechnology, NanoCarbonGroup, Silesian
University of Technology, Krzywoustego 4, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Process Design, Silesian University of Technology, Marcina Strzody 7, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marzena H. Dzida
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Silesia in Katowice, Szkolna 9, 40-006 Katowice, Poland
| | - Heather F. Greer
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Aleksander Sobotnicki
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network Institute of Medical Technology and Equipment, Roosevelta 118, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sang M, Kim K, Shin J, Yu KJ. Ultra-Thin Flexible Encapsulating Materials for Soft Bio-Integrated Electronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202980. [PMID: 36031395 PMCID: PMC9596833 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, bioelectronic devices extensively researched and developed through the convergence of flexible biocompatible materials and electronics design that enables more precise diagnostics and therapeutics in human health care and opens up the potential to expand into various fields, such as clinical medicine and biomedical research. To establish an accurate and stable bidirectional bio-interface, protection against the external environment and high mechanical deformation is essential for wearable bioelectronic devices. In the case of implantable bioelectronics, special encapsulation materials and optimized mechanical designs and configurations that provide electronic stability and functionality are required for accommodating various organ properties, lifespans, and functions in the biofluid environment. Here, this study introduces recent developments of ultra-thin encapsulations with novel materials that can preserve or even improve the electrical performance of wearable and implantable bio-integrated electronics by supporting safety and stability for protection from destruction and contamination as well as optimizing the use of bioelectronic systems in physiological environments. In addition, a summary of the materials, methods, and characteristics of the most widely used encapsulation technologies is introduced, thereby providing a strategic selection of appropriate choices of recently developed flexible bioelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingyu Sang
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Kyubeen Kim
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoon Shin
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- School of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
- YU‐KIST InstituteYonsei University50 Yonsei‐ro, SeodaemunguSeoul03722Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jeon KH, Park JW. Light-Emitting Polymer Blended with Elastomers for Stretchable Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yoo J, Li S, Kim DH, Yang J, Choi MK. Materials and design strategies for stretchable electroluminescent devices. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2022; 7:801-821. [PMID: 35686540 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00158f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable displays have recently received increasing attention as input and/or output interfaces for next-generation human-friendly electronic systems. Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are a core component of stretchable displays, and they can be classified into two types, structurally stretchable EL devices and intrinsically stretchable EL devices, according to the mechanism for achieving their stretchability. We herein present recent advances in materials and design strategies for stretchable EL devices. First, stretchable devices based on ultrathin EL devices are introduced. Ultrathin EL devices are mechanically flexible like thin paper, and they can become stretchable through various structural engineering methods, such as inducing a buckled structure, employing interconnects with stretchable geometries, and applying origami/kirigami techniques. Secondly, intrinsically stretchable EL devices can be fabricated by using inherently stretchable electronic materials. For example, light-emitting electrochemical cells and EL devices with a simpler structure using alternating current have been developed. Furthermore, novel stretchable semiconductor materials have been presented for the development of intrinsically stretchable light-emitting diodes. After discussing these two types of stretchable EL devices, we briefly discuss applications of deformable EL devices and conclude the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Yoo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
| | - Shi Li
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Process, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Yang
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Energy Science and Engineering Research Center, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Kee Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea.
- Graduate School of Semiconductor Materials and Devices Engineering, Center for Future Semiconductor Technology (FUST), Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 44919, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Marion JS, Gupta N, Cheung H, Monir K, Anikeeva P, Fink Y. Thermally Drawn Highly Conductive Fibers with Controlled Elasticity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201081. [PMID: 35278246 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic fabrics necessitate both electrical conductivity and, like any textile, elastic recovery. Achieving both requirements on the scale of a single fiber remains an unmet need. Here, two approaches for achieving conductive fibers (107 S m-1 ) reaching 50% elongation while maintaining minimal change in resistance (<0.5%) in embedded metallic electrodes are introduced. The first approach involves inducing a buckling instability in a metal microwire within a cavity of a thermally drawn elastomer fiber. The second approach relies on twisting an elastomer fiber to yield helical metal electrodes embedded in a stretchable yarn. The scalability of both approaches is illustrated in apparatuses for continuous buckling and twisting that yield tens of meters of elastic conducting fibers. Through experimental and analytical methods, it is elucidated how geometric parameters, such as buckling pre-strain and helical angle, as well as materials choice, control not only the fiber's elasticity but also its Young's modulus. Links between mechanical and electrical properties are exposed. The resulting fibers are used to construct elastic fabrics that contain diodes, by weaving and knitting, thus demonstrating the scalable fabrication of conformable and stretchable antennas that support optical data transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliette S Marion
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Nikhil Gupta
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Henry Cheung
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Kirmina Monir
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Polina Anikeeva
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yoel Fink
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Balakrishnan G, Song J, Mou C, Bettinger CJ. Recent Progress in Materials Chemistry to Advance Flexible Bioelectronics in Medicine. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106787. [PMID: 34751987 PMCID: PMC8917047 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Designing bioelectronic devices that seamlessly integrate with the human body is a technological pursuit of great importance. Bioelectronic medical devices that reliably and chronically interface with the body can advance neuroscience, health monitoring, diagnostics, and therapeutics. Recent major efforts focus on investigating strategies to fabricate flexible, stretchable, and soft electronic devices, and advances in materials chemistry have emerged as fundamental to the creation of the next generation of bioelectronics. This review summarizes contemporary advances and forthcoming technical challenges related to three principal components of bioelectronic devices: i) substrates and structural materials, ii) barrier and encapsulation materials, and iii) conductive materials. Through notable illustrations from the literature, integration and device fabrication strategies and associated challenges for each material class are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jiwoo Song
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Chenchen Mou
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hu P, Madsen J, Skov AL. One reaction to make highly stretchable or extremely soft silicone elastomers from easily available materials. Nat Commun 2022; 13:370. [PMID: 35042874 PMCID: PMC8766581 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly stretchable, soft silicone elastomers are of great interest for the fabrication of stretchable, soft devices. However, there is a lack of available chemistries capable of efficiently preparing silicone elastomers with superior stretchability and softness. Here we show an easy curing reaction to prepare silicone elastomers, in which a platinum-catalyzed reaction of telechelic/multi-hydrosilane (Si-H) functional polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) in the presence of oxygen and water leads to slow crosslinking. This curing chemistry allows versatile tailoring of elastomer properties, which exceed their intrinsic limitations. Specifically, both highly stretchable silicone elastomers (maximum strain of 2800%) and extremely soft silicone elastomers (lowest shear modulus of 1.2 kPa) are prepared by creating highly entangled elastomers and bottle-brush elastomers from commercial precursor polymers, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengpeng Hu
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 227, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jeppe Madsen
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 227, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anne Ladegaard Skov
- Danish Polymer Centre, Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DTU, Søltofts Plads, Building 227, 2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Cho KW, Sunwoo SH, Hong YJ, Koo JH, Kim JH, Baik S, Hyeon T, Kim DH. Soft Bioelectronics Based on Nanomaterials. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5068-5143. [PMID: 34962131 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanostructured materials and unconventional device designs have transformed the bioelectronics from a rigid and bulky form into a soft and ultrathin form and brought enormous advantages to the bioelectronics. For example, mechanical deformability of the soft bioelectronics and thus its conformal contact onto soft curved organs such as brain, heart, and skin have allowed researchers to measure high-quality biosignals, deliver real-time feedback treatments, and lower long-term side-effects in vivo. Here, we review various materials, fabrication methods, and device strategies for flexible and stretchable electronics, especially focusing on soft biointegrated electronics using nanomaterials and their composites. First, we summarize top-down material processing and bottom-up synthesis methods of various nanomaterials. Next, we discuss state-of-the-art technologies for intrinsically stretchable nanocomposites composed of nanostructured materials incorporated in elastomers or hydrogels. We also briefly discuss unconventional device design strategies for soft bioelectronics. Then individual device components for soft bioelectronics, such as biosensing, data storage, display, therapeutic stimulation, and power supply devices, are introduced. Afterward, representative application examples of the soft bioelectronics are described. A brief summary with a discussion on remaining challenges concludes the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Won Cho
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hyuk Sunwoo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongseok Joseph Hong
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Hoon Koo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungmin Baik
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Kyarikwal R, Malviya N, Chakraborty A, Mukhopadhyay S. Preparation of Tris-Tetrazole-Based Metallogels and Stabilization of Silver Nanoparticles: Studies on Reduction Catalysis and Self-Healing Property. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:59567-59579. [PMID: 34855348 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c19217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
An ionic multifunctional gelator molecule triethylammonium 5-(3,5-bis((1H-tetrazol-5-yl)carbamoyl)benzamido)tetrazol-1-ide G7 is synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic tools and mass spectrometry. G7 tends to form a stable organogel in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide/dimethylsulfoxide (DMF/DMSO) and water. Introduction of different metal perchlorate salts in a DMSO solution of G7 furnished a series of metallogels M1G7, M2G7, M3G7, M4G7, M5G7, M6G7, and M7G7 [M1 = Fe(III), M2 = Co(II), M3 = Cu(II), M4 = Zn(II), M5 = Ag(I), M6 = Ni, and M7 = Fe(II)]. Among them, M1G7, M3G7, M4G7, M6G7, and M7G7 help individually in the synthesis and stabilization of bimetallic nanocomposites containing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Iron(III)-containing nanocomposites M1G7AgNPs have been utilized in the form of catalysts in the reduction reaction of nitroaromatic compounds to corresponding amines with a quantitative yield. The organogel G7 has also shown the abilities to absorb different metal ions from aqueous solutions and allow selective transition of M1G7 from the gel state to the crystalline state. Fe(III) formed dual metallogels with Zn(II), which can be used for further applications. Furthermore, the nanocomposite M1G7AgNP powder, in the presence of the organogel G7, gets converted into a nanostructured metallogel, which shows exclusive self-healing properties. This is the first example where a nanocomposite powder contains the dual-metal system (Fe(III) and Ag(0)) and shows a reduction catalytic property, and its nanostructured dual-metallogel form manifests the self-healing property in a fabricated metallogel.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Kyarikwal
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Novina Malviya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Argha Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| | - Suman Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Science, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Khandwa Road, Simrol, Indore 453552, India
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sheng H, Zhang X, Liang J, Shao M, Xie E, Yu C, Lan W. Recent Advances of Energy Solutions for Implantable Bioelectronics. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100199. [PMID: 33930254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The emerging field of implantable bioelectronics has attracted widespread attention in modern society because it can improve treatment outcomes, reduce healthcare costs, and lead to an improvement in the quality of life. However, their continuous operation is often limited by conventional bulky and rigid batteries with a limited lifespan, which must be surgically removed after completing their missions and/or replaced after being exhausted. Herein, this paper gives a comprehensive review of recent advances in nonconventional energy solutions for implantable bioelectronics, emphasizing the miniaturized, flexible, biocompatible, and biodegradable power devices. According to their source of energy, the promising alternative energy solutions are sorted into three main categories, including energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors), internal energy-harvesting devices (including biofuel cells, piezoelectric/triboelectric energy harvesters, thermoelectric and biopotential power generators), and external wireless power transmission technologies (including inductive coupling/radiofrequency, ultrasound-induced, and photovoltaic devices). Their fundamentals, materials strategies, structural design, output performances, animal experiments, and typical biomedical applications are also discussed. It is expected to offer complementary power sources to extend the battery lifetime of bioelectronics while acting as an independent power supply. Thereafter, the existing challenges and perspectives associated with these powering devices are also outlined, with a focus on implantable bioelectronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Jie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Mingjiao Shao
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Erqing Xie
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Center for Superconductivity University of Houston Houston TX 77204 USA
| | - Wei Lan
- Key Laboratory of Special Function Materials and Structure Design, Ministry of Education School of Physical Science and Technology Lanzhou University Lanzhou 730000 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|