1
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Long M, Cheng M. Small extracellular vesicles associated miRNA in myocardial fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 727:150336. [PMID: 38959731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis involves the loss of cardiomyocytes, myocardial fibroblast proliferation, and a reduction in angiogenesis, ultimately leading to heart failure, Given its significant implications, it is crucial to explore novel therapies for myocardial fibrosis. Recently one emerging avenue has been the use of small extracellular vesicles (sEV)-carried miRNA. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role of sEV-carried miRNA in myocardial fibrosis. We explored not only the potential diagnostic value of circulating miRNA as biomarkers for heart disease but also the therapeutic implications of sEV-carried miRNA derived from various cellular sources and applications of modified sEV. This exploration is paramount for researchers striving to develop innovative, cell-free therapies as potential drug candidates for the management of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minwen Long
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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2
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Shang L, Wang S, Mao Y. Recent advances in plant-derived polysaccharide scaffolds in tissue engineering: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:133830. [PMID: 39002914 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
As a natural three-dimensional biopolymer, decellularized plant-derived scaffolds usually comprise various polysaccharides, mostly cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose. They are characterized by natural biocompatibility and porous structures. The emergence of decellularized purified polysaccharide scaffolds provides an attractive method to overcome the challenges associated with nutrient delivery and biocompatibility, as they serve as optimal non-immune environments for stem cell adhesion and proliferation. To date, limited corresponding literature is available to systemically summarize the development and potential of these scaffolds in tissue engineering. Therefore, the current review summarized the biomimetic properties of plant-derived polysaccharide scaffolds and the latest progress in tissue engineering applications. This review first discusses the advantages of decellularized plant-derived polysaccharide scaffolds by briefly introducing their features and current limitations in clinical applications. Subsequently, the latest progress in emerging applications of regenerative biomaterials is reviewed, followed by a discussion of the studies on the interactions of biomaterials with cells and tissues. Finally, challenges in obtaining reliable scaffolds and possible future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Shang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Shan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yingji Mao
- School of Life Sciences, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China.
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3
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Las Heras K, Garcia-Orue I, Rancan F, Igartua M, Santos-Vizcaino E, Hernandez RM. Modulating the immune system towards a functional chronic wound healing: A biomaterials and Nanomedicine perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 210:115342. [PMID: 38797316 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds persist as a substantial burden for healthcare systems, influenced by factors such as aging, diabetes, and obesity. In contrast to the traditionally pro-regenerative emphasis of therapies, the recognition of the immune system integral role in wound healing has significantly grown, instigating an approach shift towards immunological processes. Thus, this review explores the wound healing process, highlighting the engagement of the immune system, and delving into the behaviors of innate and adaptive immune cells in chronic wound scenarios. Moreover, the article investigates biomaterial-based strategies for the modulation of the immune system, elucidating how the adjustment of their physicochemical properties or their synergistic combination with other agents such as drugs, proteins or mesenchymal stromal cells can effectively modulate the behaviors of different immune cells. Finally this review explores various strategies based on synthetic and biological nanostructures, including extracellular vesicles, to finely tune the immune system as natural immunomodulators or therapeutic nanocarriers with promising biophysical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Las Heras
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Itxaso Garcia-Orue
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fiorenza Rancan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology und Allergology,Clinical Research Center for Hair and Skin Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - Manoli Igartua
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Edorta Santos-Vizcaino
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rosa Maria Hernandez
- NanoBioCel Research Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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4
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Rai A, Claridge B, Lozano J, Greening DW. The Discovery of Extracellular Vesicles and Their Emergence as a Next-Generation Therapy. Circ Res 2024; 135:198-221. [PMID: 38900854 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
From their humble discovery as cellular debris to cementing their natural capacity to transfer functional molecules between cells, the long-winded journey of extracellular vesicles (EVs) now stands at the precipice as a next-generation cell-free therapeutic tool to revolutionize modern-day medicine. This perspective provides a snapshot of the discovery of EVs to their emergence as a vibrant field of biology and the renaissance they usher in the field of biomedical sciences as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular pathologies. Rapid development of bioengineered EVs is providing innovative opportunities to overcome biological challenges of natural EVs such as potency, cargo loading and enhanced secretion, targeting and circulation half-life, localized and sustained delivery strategies, approaches to enhance systemic circulation, uptake and lysosomal escape, and logistical hurdles encompassing scalability, cost, and time. A multidisciplinary collaboration beyond the field of biology now extends to chemistry, physics, biomaterials, and nanotechnology, allowing rapid development of designer therapeutic EVs that are now entering late-stage human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alin Rai
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
| | - Bethany Claridge
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - Jonathan Lozano
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
| | - David W Greening
- Molecular Proteomics, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., B.C., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., J.L., D.W.G.)
- Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (A.R., D.W.G.)
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5
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Guerricchio L, Barile L, Bollini S. Evolving Strategies for Extracellular Vesicles as Future Cardiac Therapeutics: From Macro- to Nano-Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6187. [PMID: 38892376 PMCID: PMC11173118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease represents the foremost cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, with a steadily increasing incidence due to the growth of the ageing population. Cardiac dysfunction leading to heart failure may arise from acute myocardial infarction (MI) as well as inflammatory- and cancer-related chronic cardiomyopathy. Despite pharmacological progress, effective cardiac repair represents an unmet clinical need, with heart transplantation being the only option for end-stage heart failure. The functional profiling of the biological activity of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has recently attracted increasing interest in the field of translational research for cardiac regenerative medicine. The cardioprotective and cardioactive potential of human progenitor stem/cell-derived EVs has been reported in several preclinical studies, and EVs have been suggested as promising paracrine therapy candidates for future clinical translation. Nevertheless, some compelling aspects must be properly addressed, including optimizing delivery strategies to meet patient needs and enhancing targeting specificity to the cardiac tissue. Therefore, in this review, we will discuss the most relevant aspects of the therapeutic potential of EVs released by human progenitors for cardiovascular disease, with a specific focus on the strategies that have been recently implemented to improve myocardial targeting and administration routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Guerricchio
- Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
| | - Lucio Barile
- Cardiovascular Theranostics, Istituto Cardiocentro Ticino, Laboratories for Translational Research, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland;
- Euler Institute, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Sveva Bollini
- Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy;
- Cellular Oncology Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genova, Italy
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6
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Ding S, Kim YJ, Huang KY, Um D, Jung Y, Kong H. Delivery-mediated exosomal therapeutics in ischemia-reperfusion injury: advances, mechanisms, and future directions. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:18. [PMID: 38689075 PMCID: PMC11061094 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00423-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) poses significant challenges across various organ systems, including the heart, brain, and kidneys. Exosomes have shown great potentials and applications in mitigating IRI-induced cell and tissue damage through modulating inflammatory responses, enhancing angiogenesis, and promoting tissue repair. Despite these advances, a more systematic understanding of exosomes from different sources and their biotransport is critical for optimizing therapeutic efficacy and accelerating the clinical adoption of exosomes for IRI therapies. Therefore, this review article overviews the administration routes of exosomes from different sources, such as mesenchymal stem cells and other somatic cells, in the context of IRI treatment. Furthermore, this article covers how the delivered exosomes modulate molecular pathways of recipient cells, aiding in the prevention of cell death and the promotions of regeneration in IRI models. In the end, this article discusses the ongoing research efforts and propose future research directions of exosome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Ding
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yu-Jin Kim
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kai-Yu Huang
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Daniel Um
- Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Youngmee Jung
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, YU-KIST Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub-Chicago, Chicago, USA.
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Wu D, Zhao X, Xie J, Yuan R, Li Y, Yang Q, Cheng X, Wu C, Wu J, Zhu N. Physical modulation of mesenchymal stem cell exosomes: A new perspective for regenerative medicine. Cell Prolif 2024:e13630. [PMID: 38462759 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exo) offer promising therapeutic potential for various refractory diseases, presenting a novel therapeutic strategy. However, their clinical application encounters several obstacles, including low natural secretion, uncontrolled biological functions and inherent heterogeneity. On the one hand, physical stimuli can mimic the microenvironment dynamics where MSC-Exo reside. These factors influence not only their secretion but also, significantly, their biological efficacy. Moreover, physical factors can also serve as techniques for engineering exosomes. Therefore, the realm of physical factors assumes a crucial role in modifying MSC-Exo, ultimately facilitating their clinical translation. This review focuses on the research progress in applying physical factors to MSC-Exo, encompassing ultrasound, electrical stimulation, light irradiation, intrinsic physical properties, ionizing radiation, magnetic field, mechanical forces and temperature. We also discuss the current status and potential of physical stimuli-affected MSC-Exo in clinical applications. Furthermore, we address the limitations of recent studies in this field. Based on this, this review provides novel insights to advance the refinement of MSC-Exo as a therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiansheng Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaheng Xie
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ruoyue Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Quyang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujun Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyue Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyan Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Chongzhou People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Ningwen Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Burns Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Hashemi A, Ezati M, Nasr MP, Zumberg I, Provaznik V. Extracellular Vesicles and Hydrogels: An Innovative Approach to Tissue Regeneration. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:6184-6218. [PMID: 38371801 PMCID: PMC10870307 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c08280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles have emerged as promising tools in regenerative medicine due to their inherent ability to facilitate intercellular communication and modulate cellular functions. These nanosized vesicles transport bioactive molecules, such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids, which can affect the behavior of recipient cells and promote tissue regeneration. However, the therapeutic application of these vesicles is frequently constrained by their rapid clearance from the body and inability to maintain a sustained presence at the injury site. In order to overcome these obstacles, hydrogels have been used as extracellular vesicle delivery vehicles, providing a localized and controlled release system that improves their therapeutic efficacy. This Review will examine the role of extracellular vesicle-loaded hydrogels in tissue regeneration, discussing potential applications, current challenges, and future directions. We will investigate the origins, composition, and characterization techniques of extracellular vesicles, focusing on recent advances in exosome profiling and the role of machine learning in this field. In addition, we will investigate the properties of hydrogels that make them ideal extracellular vesicle carriers. Recent studies utilizing this combination for tissue regeneration will be highlighted, providing a comprehensive overview of the current research landscape and potential future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hashemi
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Masoumeh Ezati
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Minoo Partovi Nasr
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Inna Zumberg
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Valentine Provaznik
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Communication, Brno University of Technology, Technicka 3082/12, 61600 Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Jiang J, Zhang X, Wang H, Spanos M, Jiang F, Ni L, Li J, Li G, Lin Y, Xiao J. Closer to The Heart: Harnessing the Power of Targeted Extracellular Vesicle Therapies. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2024; 8:e2300141. [PMID: 37953665 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cardiovascular diseases. EVs derived from various origins exhibit distinct effects on the cardiovascular system. However, the application of native EVs is constrained due to their poor stabilities and limited targeting capabilities. Currently, targeted modification of EVs primarily involves genetic engineering, chemical modification (covalent, non-covalent), cell membrane modification, and biomaterial encapsulation. These techniques enhance the stability, biological activity, target-binding capacity, and controlled release of EVs at specific cells and tissues. The diverse origins of cardioprotective EVs are covered, and the applications of cardiac-targeting EV delivery systems in protecting against cardiovascular diseases are discussed. This review summarizes the current stage of research on the potential of EV-based targeted therapies for addressing cardiovascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizong Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Hongyun Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Michail Spanos
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Lingyan Ni
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guoping Li
- Cardiovascular Division of the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Yanjuan Lin
- Department of Nursing, Union Hospital, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
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10
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Longoni A, Major GS, Jiang S, Farrugia BL, Kieser DC, Woodfield TBF, Rnjak-Kovacina J, Lim KS. Pristine gelatin incorporation as a strategy to enhance the biofunctionality of poly(vinyl alcohol)-based hydrogels for tissue engineering applications. Biomater Sci 2023; 12:134-150. [PMID: 37933486 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm01172k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic polymers, such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), are popular biomaterials for the fabrication of hydrogels for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) applications, as they provide excellent control over the physico-chemical properties of the hydrogel. However, their bioinert nature is known to limit cell-biomaterial interactions by hindering cell infiltration, blood vessel recruitment and potentially limiting their integration with the host tissue. Efforts in the field have therefore focused on increasing the biofunctionality of synthetic hydrogels, without limiting the advantages associated with their tailorability and controlled release capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the suitability of pristine gelatin to enhance the biofunctionality of tyraminated PVA (PVA-Tyr) hydrogels, by promoting cell infiltration and host blood vessel recruitment for TERM applications. Pure PVA-Tyr hydrogels and PVA-Tyr hydrogels incorporated with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a well-known pro-angiogenic stimulus, were used for comparison. Incorporating increasing concentrations of VEGF (0.01-10 μg mL-1) or gelatin (0.01-5 wt%) did not influence the physical properties of PVA-Tyr hydrogels. However, their presence within the polymer network (>0.1 μg mL-1 VEGF and >0.1 wt% gelatin) promoted endothelial cell interactions with the hydrogels. The covalent binding of unmodified gelatin or VEGF to the PVA-Tyr network did not hamper their inherent bioactivity, as they both promoted angiogenesis in a chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, performing comparably with the unbound VEGF control. When the PVA-Tyr hydrogels were implanted subcutaneously in mice, it was observed that cell infiltration into the hydrogels was possible in the absence of gelatin or VEGF at 1- or 3-weeks post-implantation, highlighting a clear difference between in vitro an in vivo cell-biomaterial interaction. Nevertheless, the presence of gelatin or VEGF was necessary to enhance blood vessel recruitment and infiltration, although no significant difference was observed between these two biological molecules. Overall, this study highlights the potential of gelatin as a standalone pro-angiogenic cue to enhance biofunctionality of synthetic hydrogels and provides promise for their use in a variety of TERM applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Longoni
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Gretel S Major
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Shaoyuan Jiang
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, UNSW Sydney, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - David C Kieser
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Tim B F Woodfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | - Khoon S Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, New Zealand.
- Light-Activated Biomaterials Group, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Australia
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11
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Li Q, Feng Q, Zhou H, Lin C, Sun X, Ma C, Sun L, Guo G, Wang D. Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e454. [PMID: 38124785 PMCID: PMC10732331 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) significantly impacts global society since it is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and extracellular vesicle (EV)-based therapies have been extensively investigated. EV delivery is involved in mediating the progression of CVDs and has great potential to be biomarker and therapeutic molecular carrier. Besides, EVs from stem cells and cardiac cells can effectively protect the heart from various pathologic conditions, and then serve as an alternative treatment for CVDs. Moreover, the research of using EVs as delivery carriers of therapeutic molecules, membrane engineering modification of EVs, or combining EVs with biomaterials further improves the application potential of EVs in clinical treatment. However, currently there are only a few articles summarizing the application of EVs in CVDs. This review provides an overview of the role of EVs in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of CVDs. It also focuses on how EVs promote the repair of myocardial injury and therapeutic methods of CVDs. In conclusion, it is of great significance to review the research on the application of EVs in the treatment of CVDs, which lays a foundation for further exploration of the role of EVs, and clarifies the prospect of EVs in the treatment of myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qirong Li
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Qiang Feng
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Hengzong Zhou
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Chao Lin
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- School of Grain Science and TechnologyJilin Business and Technology CollegeChangchunChina
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- Hepatology Hospital of Jilin ProvinceChangchunChina
| | - Liqun Sun
- Department of PathogenobiologyJilin University Mycology Research CenterCollege of Basic Medical SciencesJilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Gongliang Guo
- Department of CardiologyChina‐Japan Union Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Dongxu Wang
- Laboratory Animal CenterCollege of Animal ScienceJilin UniversityChangchunChina
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12
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Zhang C, Zhou X, Wang D, Hao L, Zeng Z, Su L. Hydrogel-Loaded Exosomes: A Promising Therapeutic Strategy for Musculoskeletal Disorders. J Clin Pharm Ther 2023; 2023:1-36. [DOI: 10.1155/2023/1105664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2024]
Abstract
Clinical treatment strategies for musculoskeletal disorders have been a hot research topic. Accumulating evidence suggests that hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs show great potential in improving musculoskeletal injuries. The ideal hydrogels should be capable of promoting the development of new tissues and simulating the characteristics of target tissues, with the properties matching the cell-matrix constituents of autologous tissues. Although there have been numerous reports of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs for the repair of musculoskeletal injuries, such as intervertebral disc injury, tendinopathy, bone fractures, and cartilage injuries, there are still many hurdles to overcome before the clinical application of modified hydrogels. In this review, we focus on the advantages of the isolation technique of EVs in combination with different types of hydrogels. In this context, the efficacy of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in different musculoskeletal injuries is discussed in detail to provide a reference for the future application of hydrogels loaded with MSC-derived EVs in the clinical treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Zhang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuchang Zhou
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dongxue Wang
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Li Hao
- Shougang Technician College, Nursing School, Beijing 100043, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zhipeng Zeng
- School of Sport Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
- Shougang Technician College, Nursing School, Beijing 100043, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Lei Su
- Department of Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
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13
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Deszcz I. Stem Cell-Based Therapy and Cell-Free Therapy as an Alternative Approach for Cardiac Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2023; 2023:2729377. [PMID: 37954462 PMCID: PMC10635745 DOI: 10.1155/2023/2729377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization reports that cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent 32% of all global deaths. The ineffectiveness of conventional therapies in CVDs encourages the development of novel, minimally invasive therapeutic strategies for the healing and regeneration of damaged tissue. The self-renewal capacity, multilineage differentiation, lack of immunogenicity, and immunosuppressive properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) make them a promising option for CVDs. However, growing evidence suggests that myocardial regeneration occurs through paracrine factors and extracellular vesicle (EV) secretion, rather than through differentiation into cardiomyocytes. Research shows that stem cells secrete or surface-shed into their culture media various cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, anti-inflammatory factors, and EVs, which constitute an MSC-conditioned medium (MSC-CM) or the secretome. The use of MSC-CM enhances cardiac repair through resident heart cell differentiation, proliferation, scar mass reduction, a decrease in infarct wall thickness, and cardiac function improvement comparable to MSCs without their side effects. This review highlights the limitations and benefits of therapies based on stem cells and their secretome as an innovative treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Deszcz
- Department of Immunopathology and Molecular Biology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556, Wroclaw, Poland
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14
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Ghassemi K, Inouye K, Takhmazyan T, Bonavida V, Yang JW, de Barros NR, Thankam FG. Engineered Vesicles and Hydrogel Technologies for Myocardial Regeneration. Gels 2023; 9:824. [PMID: 37888397 PMCID: PMC10606880 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease and potentially life-threatening complications of myocardial infarction (MI) has led to emerging therapeutic approaches focusing on myocardial regeneration and restoration of physiologic function following infarction. Extracellular vesicle (EV) technology has gained attention owing to the biological potential to modulate cellular immune responses and promote the repair of damaged tissue. Also, EVs are involved in local and distant cellular communication following damage and play an important role in initiating the repair process. Vesicles derived from stem cells and cardiomyocytes (CM) are of particular interest due to their ability to promote cell growth, proliferation, and angiogenesis following MI. Although a promising candidate for myocardial repair, EV technology is limited by the short retention time of vesicles and rapid elimination by the body. There have been several successful attempts to address this shortcoming, which includes hydrogel technology for the sustained bioavailability of EVs. This review discusses and summarizes current understanding regarding EV technology in the context of myocardial repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn Ghassemi
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.G.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Keiko Inouye
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.G.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Tatevik Takhmazyan
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.G.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Victor Bonavida
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.G.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (V.B.)
| | - Jia-Wei Yang
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; (J.-W.Y.); (N.R.d.B.)
| | - Natan Roberto de Barros
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation (TIBI), Los Angeles, CA 90064, USA; (J.-W.Y.); (N.R.d.B.)
| | - Finosh G. Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA; (K.G.); (K.I.); (T.T.); (V.B.)
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15
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Ma Y, Brocchini S, Williams GR. Extracellular vesicle-embedded materials. J Control Release 2023; 361:280-296. [PMID: 37536545 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound vesicles released by cells. EVs are emerging as a promising class of therapeutic entity that could be adapted in formulation due to their lack of immunogenicity and targeting capabilities. EVs have been shown to have similar regenerative and therapeutic effects to their parental cells and also have potential in disease diagnosis. To improve the therapeutic potential of EVs, researchers have developed various strategies for modifying them, including genetic engineering and chemical modifications which have been examined to confer target specificity and prevent rapid clearance after systematic injection. Formulation efforts have focused on utilising hydrogel and nano-formulation strategies to increase the persistence of EV localisation in a specific tissue or organ. Researchers have also used biomaterials or bioscaffolds to deliver EVs directly to disease sites and prolong EV release and exposure. This review provides an in-depth examination of the material design of EV delivery systems, highlighting the impact of the material properties on the molecular interactions and the maintenance of EV stability and function. The various characteristics of materials designed to regulate the stability, release rate and biodistribution of EVs are described. Other aspects of material design, including modification methods to improve the targeting of EVs, are also discussed. This review aims to offer an understanding of the strategies for designing EV delivery systems, and how they can be formulated to make the transition from laboratory research to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchang Ma
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Steve Brocchini
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Gareth R Williams
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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16
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Banerjee A, Lino M, Jesus C, Ribeiro Q, Abrunhosa A, Ferreira L. Imaging platforms to dissect the in vivo communication, biodistribution and controlled release of extracellular vesicles. J Control Release 2023; 360:549-563. [PMID: 37406818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) work as communication vehicles, allowing the exchange of bioactive molecules (microRNAs, mRNAs, proteins, etc) between neighbouring and distant cells in the organism. EVs are thus important players in several physiological and pathological processes. Thus, it is critical to understand their role in cellular/organ communication to fully evaluate their biological, diagnosis and therapeutic potential. In addition, recent studies have explored the controlled release of EVs for regenerative medicine applications and thus the evaluation of their release profile is important to correlate with biological activity. Here, we give a brief introduction about EV imaging platforms in terms of their sensitivity, penetration depth, cost, and operational simplicity, followed by a discussion of different EV labelling processes with their advantages and limitations. Next, we cover the relevance of these imaging platforms to dissect the tropism and biological role of endogenous EVs. We also cover the relevance of imaging platforms to monitor the accumulation of exogenous EVs and their potential cellular targets. Finally, we highlight the importance of imaging platforms to investigate the release profile of EVs from different controlled systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnab Banerjee
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Miguel Lino
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Jesus
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Quélia Ribeiro
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero Abrunhosa
- ICNAS/CIBIT - Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health/Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lino Ferreira
- CNC-Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
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17
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Ala M. The beneficial effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes on myocardial infarction and critical considerations for enhancing their efficacy. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101980. [PMID: 37302757 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties. MSCs and their exosomes significantly improved structural and functional alterations after myocardial infarction (MI) in preclinical studies and clinical trials. By reprograming intracellular signaling pathways, MSCs attenuate inflammatory response, oxidative stress, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and improve angiogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and myocardial remodeling after MI. MSC-derived exosomes contain a mixture of non-coding RNAs, growth factors, anti-inflammatory mediators, and anti-fibrotic factors. Although primary results from clinical trials were promising, greater efficacies can be achieved by controlling several modifiable factors. The optimum timing of transplantation, route of administration, origin of MSCs, number of doses, and number of cells per dose need to be further investigated by future studies. Newly, highly effective MSC delivery systems have been developed to improve the efficacy of MSCs and their exosomes. Moreover, MSCs can be more efficacious after being pretreated with non-coding RNAs, growth factors, anti-inflammatory or inflammatory mediators, and hypoxia. Similarly, viral vector-mediated overexpression of particular genes can augment the protective effects of MSCs on MI. Therefore, future clinical trials must consider these advances in preclinical studies to properly reflect the efficacy of MSCs or their exosomes for MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Dai Y, Qiao K, Li D, Isingizwe P, Liu H, Liu Y, Lim K, Woodfield T, Liu G, Hu J, Yuan J, Tang J, Cui X. Plant-Derived Biomaterials and Their Potential in Cardiac Tissue Repair. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2202827. [PMID: 36977522 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202202827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The inability of cardiac tissue to regenerate after an infarction results in scar tissue formation, leading to cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, cardiac repair has always been a popular research topic. Recent advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine offer promising solutions combining stem cells and biomaterials to construct tissue substitutes that could have functions similar to healthy cardiac tissue. Among these biomaterials, plant-derived biomaterials show great promise in supporting cell growth due to their inherent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and mechanical stability. More importantly, plant-derived materials have reduced immunogenic properties compared to popular animal-derived materials (e.g., collagen and gelatin). In addition, they also offer improved wettability compared to synthetic materials. To date, limited literature is available to systemically summarize the progression of plant-derived biomaterials in cardiac tissue repair. Herein, this paper highlights the most common plant-derived biomaterials from both land and marine plants. The beneficial properties of these materials for tissue repair are further discussed. More importantly, the applications of plant-derived biomaterials in cardiac tissue engineering, including tissue-engineered scaffolds, bioink in 3D biofabrication, delivery vehicles, and bioactive molecules, are also summarized using the latest preclinical and clinical examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Dai
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Kai Qiao
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Demin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Phocas Isingizwe
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Haohao Liu
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Khoon Lim
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Tim Woodfield
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230052, China
| | - Jie Yuan
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518001, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Cardiac and Osteochondral Tissue Engineering (COTE) Group, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
- Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (CReaTE) Group, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
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19
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Debnath K, Heras KL, Rivera A, Lenzini S, Shin JW. Extracellular vesicle-matrix interactions. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2023; 8:390-402. [PMID: 38463907 PMCID: PMC10919209 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-023-00551-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix in microenvironments harbors a variety of signals to control cellular functions and the materiality of tissues. Most efforts to synthetically reconstitute the matrix by biomaterial design have focused on decoupling cell-secreted and polymer-based cues. Cells package molecules into nanoscale lipid membrane-bound extracellular vesicles and secrete them. Thus, extracellular vesicles inherently interact with the meshwork of the extracellular matrix. In this Review, we discuss various aspects of extracellular vesicle-matrix interactions. Cells receive feedback from the extracellular matrix and leverage intracellular processes to control the biogenesis of extracellular vesicles. Once secreted, various biomolecular and biophysical factors determine whether extracellular vesicles are locally incorporated into the matrix or transported out of the matrix to be taken up by other cells or deposited into tissues at a distal location. These insights can be utilized to develop engineered biomaterials where EV release and retention can be precisely controlled in host tissue to elicit various biological and therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Debnath
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Kevin Las Heras
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- NanoBioCel Group, Laboratory of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy (UPV/EHU)
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Ambar Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60608, USA
| | - Stephen Lenzini
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Jae-Won Shin
- Department of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
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20
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Yu W, Zhou H, Feng X, Liang X, Wei D, Xia T, Yang B, Yan L, Zhao X, Liu H. Mesenchymal stem cell secretome-loaded fibrin glue improves the healing of intestinal anastomosis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1103709. [PMID: 37064233 PMCID: PMC10102583 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Anastomotic leakage is a serious complication following gastrointestinal surgery and one of the leading causes of patient mortality. Despite the significant clinical and economic burden, there are currently no reliable treatment options to improve the healing of intestinal anastomosis and subsequently prevent anastomotic leakage. Recently, the development of regenerative medicine has shown promise for improving anastomotic healing. Recent studies have illustrated that stem cell-derived secretome can enhance tissue regeneration without the safety and ethical limitations of stem cell transplantation. Herein, we developed a fibrin glue topical delivery system loaded with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived secretome for controlled delivery of bioactive factors, and evaluated its application potential in improving the healing of intestinal anastomosis. Under in vitro conditions, the MSCs secretome significantly promoted cell proliferation viability in a dose-dependent manner and resulted in the controlled release of growth factors via fibrin glue delivery. We established a rat surgical anastomotic model and experimentally found that MSCs secretome-loaded fibrin glue enhanced anastomotic bursting pressure, increased granulation tissue formation and collagen deposition, and significantly promoted anastomotic healing. Mechanistically, fibrin glue accelerated cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and macrophage M2 polarization at the surgical anastomotic site by releasing bioactive factors in the secretome, and it also alleviated the inflammatory response and cell apoptosis at the anastomotic site. Our results demonstrated for the first time that MSCs-derived secretome could promote the healing of intestinal anastomosis. Considering the accessibility and safety of the cell-free secretome, we believed that secretome-loaded fibrin glue would be a cell-free therapy to accelerate the healing of intestinal anastomosis with great potential for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haicun Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Gansu Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueliang Feng
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Liang
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dengwen Wei
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tianhong Xia
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Long Yan
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drugs of Gansu Province, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of Chinese People’s Liberation Army, Lanzhou, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hongbin Liu,
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21
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Gil-Cabrerizo P, Scaccheti I, Garbayo E, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Cardiac tissue engineering for myocardial infarction treatment. Eur J Pharm Sci 2023; 185:106439. [PMID: 37003408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current treatments can relieve the symptoms of myocardial ischemia but cannot repair the necrotic myocardial tissue. Novel therapeutic strategies based on cellular therapy, extracellular vesicles, non-coding RNAs and growth factors have been designed to restore cardiac function while inducing cardiomyocyte cycle re-entry, ensuring angiogenesis and cardioprotection, and preventing ventricular remodeling. However, they face low stability, cell engraftment issues or enzymatic degradation in vivo, and it is thus essential to combine them with biomaterial-based delivery systems. Microcarriers, nanocarriers, cardiac patches and injectable hydrogels have yielded promising results in preclinical studies, some of which are currently being tested in clinical trials. In this review, we cover the recent advances made in cellular and acellular therapies used for cardiac repair after MI. We present current trends in cardiac tissue engineering related to the use of microcarriers, nanocarriers, cardiac patches and injectable hydrogels as biomaterial-based delivery systems for biologics. Finally, we discuss some of the most crucial aspects that should be addressed in order to advance towards the clinical translation of cardiac tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Gil-Cabrerizo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain.; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ilaria Scaccheti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain.; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain..
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 1, E-31080, Spain.; Navarra Institute for Health Research, IdiSNA, Pamplona, C/Irunlarrea 3, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain..
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22
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Draguet F, Bouland C, Dubois N, Bron D, Meuleman N, Stamatopoulos B, Lagneaux L. Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as Natural Nanocarriers: Concise Review. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020558. [PMID: 36839879 PMCID: PMC9964668 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intercellular communication, through direct and indirect cell contact, is mandatory in multicellular organisms. These last years, the microenvironment, and in particular, transfer by extracellular vesicles (EVs), has emerged as a new communication mechanism. Different biological fluids and cell types are common sources of EVs. EVs play different roles, acting as signalosomes, biomarkers, and therapeutic agents. As therapeutic agents, MSC-derived EVs display numerous advantages: they are biocompatible, non-immunogenic, and stable in circulation, and they are able to cross biological barriers. Furthermore, EVs have a great potential for drug delivery. Different EV isolation protocols and loading methods have been tested and compared. Published and ongoing clinical trials, and numerous preclinical studies indicate that EVs are safe and well tolerated. Moreover, the latest studies suggest their applications as nanocarriers. The current review will describe the potential for MSC-derived EVs as drug delivery systems (DDS) in disease treatment, and their advantages. Thereafter, we will outline the different EV isolation methods and loading techniques, and analyze relevant preclinical studies. Finally, we will describe ongoing and published clinical studies. These elements will outline the benefits of MSC-derived EV DDS over several aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Draguet
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
| | - Cyril Bouland
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saint-Pierre Hospital, 322 Rue Haute, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Maxillofacial and Reconstructive Surgery, Grand Hôpital de Charleroi, 3 Grand’Rue, 6000 Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Nathan Dubois
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Dominique Bron
- Department of Haematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Meuleman
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Haematology, Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Medicine Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Basile Stamatopoulos
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
- Medicine Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Route de Lennik 808, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurence Lagneaux
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy (LCCT), Jules Bordet Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 90 Rue Meylemeersch, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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23
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Extracellular Vesicles from NMN Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorated Myocardial Infarction via miR-210-3p Promoted Angiogenesis. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:1051-1066. [PMID: 36696015 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10499-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSCs-EVs) possess cardioprotection in acute myocardial infarction. Nevertheless, the therapeutic intervention potential and the molecular mechanism of EVs from NMN (Nicotinamide mononucleotide) preconditioned hUCMSCs (N-EVs) in acute myocardial infarction remains unknown. In the present study, EVs from hUCMSCs (M-EVs) and N-EVs were identified by electron microscopy, immunoblotting and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Compared with M-EVs, N-EVs significantly increased the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis of HUVECs. Meanwhile, N-EVs markedly reduced apoptosis and cardiac fibrosis and promoted angiogenesis in the peri-infarct region in the MI rats. A high-throughput miRNA sequencing and qPCR methods analysis revealed that miR-210-3p was abundant in N-EVs and the expression of miR-210-3p was obviously upregulated in HUVECs after N-EVs treated. Overexpression of miR-210-3p in HUVECs significantly enhanced the tube formation, migration and proliferative capacities of HUVECs. However, downregulation of miR-210-3p in HUVECs markedly decreased the tube formation, migration and proliferative capacities of HUVECs. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase assays revealed that EphrinA3 (EFNA3) was a direct target of miR-210-3p. Knockdown of miR-210-3p in N-EVs significantly impaired its ability to protect the heart after myocardial infarction. Altogether, these results indicated that N-EVs promoted the infarct healing through improvement of angiogenesis by miR-210-3p via targeting the EFNA3. Created with Biorender.com.
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24
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Yin X, Jiang LH. Extracellular vesicles: Targeting the heart. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 9:1041481. [PMID: 36704471 PMCID: PMC9871562 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.1041481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases rank the highest incidence and mortality worldwide. As the most common type of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction causes high morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have revealed that extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, show great potential as a promising cell-free therapy for the treatment of myocardial infarction. However, low heart-targeting efficiency and short plasma half-life have hampered the clinical translation of extracellular vesicle therapy. Currently, four major types of strategies aiming at enhancing target efficiency have been developed, including modifying EV surface, suppressing non-target absorption, increasing the uptake efficiency of target cells, and utilizing a hydrogel patch. This presented review summarizes the current research aimed at EV heart targeting and discusses the challenges and opportunities in EV therapy, which will be beneficial for the development of effective heart-targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yin
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China,Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li-Hong Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, China,The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Li-Hong Jiang,
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25
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Chen X, Zhu L, Wang X, Xiao J. Insight into Heart-Tailored Architectures of Hydrogel to Restore Cardiac Functions after Myocardial Infarction. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:57-81. [PMID: 36413809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With permanent heart muscle injury or death, myocardial infarction (MI) is complicated by inflammatory, proliferation and remodeling phases from both the early ischemic period and subsequent infarct expansion. Though in situ re-establishment of blood flow to the infarct zone and delays of the ventricular remodeling process are current treatment options of MI, they fail to address massive loss of viable cardiomyocytes while transplanting stem cells to regenerate heart is hindered by their poor retention in the infarct bed. Equipped with heart-specific mimicry and extracellular matrix (ECM)-like functionality on the network structure, hydrogels leveraging tissue-matching biomechanics and biocompatibility can mechanically constrain the infarct and act as localized transport of bioactive ingredients to refresh the dysfunctional heart under the constant cyclic stress. Given diverse characteristics of hydrogel including conductivity, anisotropy, adhesiveness, biodegradability, self-healing and mechanical properties driving local cardiac repair, we aim to investigate and conclude the dynamic balance between ordered architectures of hydrogels and the post-MI pathological milieu. Additionally, our review summarizes advantages of heart-tailored architectures of hydrogels in cardiac repair following MI. Finally, we propose challenges and prospects in clinical translation of hydrogels to draw theoretical guidance on cardiac repair and regeneration after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerui Chen
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Liyun Zhu
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Hangzhou Medical College, Binjiang Higher Education Park, Binwen Road 481, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Junjie Xiao
- Institute of Geriatrics (Shanghai University), Affiliated Nantong Hospital of Shanghai University (The Sixth People's Hospital of Nantong), School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Nantong 226011, China.,Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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26
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Im GB, Lin RZ. Bioengineering for vascularization: Trends and directions of photocrosslinkable gelatin methacrylate hydrogels. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1053491. [PMID: 36466323 PMCID: PMC9713639 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1053491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels have been widely used in various biomedical applications, especially in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, for their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. GelMA crosslinks to form a hydrogel when exposed to light irradiation in the presence of photoinitiators. The mechanical characteristics of GelMA hydrogels are highly tunable by changing the crosslinking conditions, including the GelMA polymer concentration, degree of methacrylation, light wavelength and intensity, and light exposure time et al. In this regard, GelMA hydrogels can be adjusted to closely resemble the native extracellular matrix (ECM) properties for the specific functions of target tissues. Therefore, this review focuses on the applications of GelMA hydrogels for bioengineering human vascular networks in vitro and in vivo. Since most tissues require vasculature to provide nutrients and oxygen to individual cells, timely vascularization is critical to the success of tissue- and cell-based therapies. Recent research has demonstrated the robust formation of human vascular networks by embedding human vascular endothelial cells and perivascular mesenchymal cells in GelMA hydrogels. Vascular cell-laden GelMA hydrogels can be microfabricated using different methodologies and integrated with microfluidic devices to generate a vasculature-on-a-chip system for disease modeling or drug screening. Bioengineered vascular networks can also serve as build-in vasculature to ensure the adequate oxygenation of thick tissue-engineered constructs. Meanwhile, several reports used GelMA hydrogels as implantable materials to deliver therapeutic cells aiming to rebuild the vasculature in ischemic wounds for repairing tissue injuries. Here, we intend to reveal present work trends and provide new insights into the development of clinically relevant applications based on vascularized GelMA hydrogels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwang-Bum Im
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ruei-Zeng Lin
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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27
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Ramasubramanian L, Du S, Gidda S, Bahatyrevich N, Hao D, Kumar P, Wang A. Bioengineering Extracellular Vesicles for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2022; 6:e2200087. [PMID: 35778828 PMCID: PMC9588622 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and interventions, there is still a crucial need for new multifaceted therapeutics that can address the complicated pathophysiological mechanisms driving CVD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanovesicles that are secreted by all types of cells to transport molecular cargo and regulate intracellular communication. EVs represent a growing field of nanotheranostics that can be leveraged as diagnostic biomarkers for the early detection of CVD and as targeted drug delivery vesicles to promote cardiovascular repair and recovery. Though a promising tool for CVD therapy, the clinical application of EVs is limited by the inherent challenges in EV isolation, standardization, and delivery. Hence, this review will present the therapeutic potential of EVs and introduce bioengineering strategies that augment their natural functions in CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalithasri Ramasubramanian
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Shixian Du
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
| | - Siraj Gidda
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Nataliya Bahatyrevich
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Dake Hao
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Priyadarsini Kumar
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817
| | - Aijun Wang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA, 95817
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616
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28
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Yue T, Xiong S, Zheng D, Wang Y, Long P, Yang J, Danzeng D, Gao H, Wen X, Li X, Hou J. Multifunctional biomaterial platforms for blocking the fibrosis process and promoting cellular restoring effects in myocardial fibrosis therapy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:988683. [PMID: 36185428 PMCID: PMC9520723 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.988683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is the result of abnormal healing after acute and chronic myocardial damage and is a direct cause of heart failure and cardiac insufficiency. The clinical approach is to preserve cardiac function and inhibit fibrosis through surgery aimed at dredging blood vessels. However, this strategy does not adequately address the deterioration of fibrosis and cardiac function recovery. Therefore, numerous biomaterial platforms have been developed to address the above issues. In this review, we summarize the existing biomaterial delivery and restoring platforms, In addition, we also clarify the therapeutic strategies based on biomaterial platforms, including general strategies to block the fibrosis process and new strategies to promote cellular restoring effects. The development of structures with the ability to block further fibrosis progression as well as to promote cardiomyocytes viability should be the main research interests in myocardial fibrosis, and the reestablishment of structures necessary for normal cardiac function is central to the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. Finally, the future application of biomaterials for myocardial fibrosis is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yue
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shiqiang Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Dezhi Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The 960th Hospital of the PLA Joint Logistic Support Force, Jinan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Long
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dunzhu Danzeng
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Han Gao
- Department of Basic Medicine, Medical College, Tibet University, Lhasa, China
| | - Xudong Wen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chengdu First People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wen, ; Xin Li, ; Jun Hou,
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wen, ; Xin Li, ; Jun Hou,
| | - Jun Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Cardiovascular Disease Research Institute of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xudong Wen, ; Xin Li, ; Jun Hou,
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29
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Li D, Tian K, Guo J, Wang Q, Qin Z, Lu Y, Xu Y, Scott N, Charles CJ, Liu G, Zhang J, Cui X, Tang J. Growth factors: avenues for the treatment of myocardial infarction and potential delivery strategies. Regen Med 2022; 17:561-579. [PMID: 35638395 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2022-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite recent advances in clinical management, reoccurence of heart failure after AMI remains high, in part because of the limited capacity of cardiac tissue to repair after AMI-induced cell death. Growth factor-based therapy has emerged as an alternative AMI treatment strategy. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of growth factor cardioprotective and regenerative actions is important. This review focuses on the function of different growth factors at each stage of the cardiac repair process. Recent evidence for growth factor therapy in preclinical and clinical trials is included. Finally, different delivery strategies are reviewed with a view to providing workable strategies for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demin Li
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Kang Tian
- Department of Bone and Joint, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qiguang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Nicola Scott
- Department of Medicine, Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Chris J Charles
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Guozhen Liu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518172, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Xiaolin Cui
- Department of Bone and Joint, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116000, China.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Christchurch Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, 8011, New Zealand
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
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30
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Lukin I, Erezuma I, Maeso L, Zarate J, Desimone MF, Al-Tel TH, Dolatshahi-Pirouz A, Orive G. Progress in Gelatin as Biomaterial for Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061177. [PMID: 35745750 PMCID: PMC9229474 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering has become a medical alternative in this society with an ever-increasing lifespan. Advances in the areas of technology and biomaterials have facilitated the use of engineered constructs for medical issues. This review discusses on-going concerns and the latest developments in a widely employed biomaterial in the field of tissue engineering: gelatin. Emerging techniques including 3D bioprinting and gelatin functionalization have demonstrated better mimicking of native tissue by reinforcing gelatin-based systems, among others. This breakthrough facilitates, on the one hand, the manufacturing process when it comes to practicality and cost-effectiveness, which plays a key role in the transition towards clinical application. On the other hand, it can be concluded that gelatin could be considered as one of the promising biomaterials in future trends, in which the focus might be on the detection and diagnosis of diseases rather than treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izeia Lukin
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.L.); (I.E.); (L.M.); (J.Z.)
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Itsasne Erezuma
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.L.); (I.E.); (L.M.); (J.Z.)
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Lidia Maeso
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.L.); (I.E.); (L.M.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jon Zarate
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.L.); (I.E.); (L.M.); (J.Z.)
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martin Federico Desimone
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica Junín 956, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina;
| | - Taleb H. Al-Tel
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Alireza Dolatshahi-Pirouz
- Department of Health Technology, Center for Intestinal Absorption and Transport of Biopharmaceuticals, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark;
| | - Gorka Orive
- NanoBioCel Research Group, School of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; (I.L.); (I.E.); (L.M.); (J.Z.)
- Bioaraba, NanoBioCel Research Group, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Av Monforte de Lemos 3-5, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- University Institute for Regenerative Medicine and Oral Implantology-UIRMI (UPV/EHU-Fundación Eduardo Anitua), 01007 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, The Academia, 20 College Road, Discovery Tower, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Correspondence:
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31
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Joladarashi D, Kishore R. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Exosomes in Cardiac Repair. Curr Cardiol Rep 2022; 24:405-417. [PMID: 35092595 PMCID: PMC9885380 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-022-01660-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are considered an attractive option for cell-based therapy because of their immune-privileged phenotype and paracrine activity. Substantial preclinical evidence indicates that MSC exosomes recapitulate MSC cellular function in cardiac regeneration and repair. Therefore, in this review, we briefly discuss the latest research progress of MSC exosomes in cardiac repair and regeneration. RECENT FINDINGS The recent revolutionary advance in controlling the contents of the exosomes by manipulating parental cells through bioengineering methods to alter specific signaling pathways in ischemic myocardium has proven to be beneficial in the treatment of heart failure. MSC Exosomes appear to be leading candidates to treat myocardial infarction and subsequent heart failure by carrying rich cargo from their parental cells. However, more clinical and pre-clinical studies on MSC exosomes will be required to confirm the beneficial effect to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darukeshwara Joladarashi
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Raj Kishore
- Center for Translational Medicine, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, MERB-953, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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32
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Huang Y, Li X, Yang L. Hydrogel Encapsulation: Taking the Therapy of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Their Derived Secretome to the Next Level. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:859927. [PMID: 35433656 PMCID: PMC9011103 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.859927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have long been the focus of research and hydrogels are representatives thereof. Hydrogels have attracted much attention in the medical sciences, especially as a candidate drug-carrier. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and MSC-derived secretome are a promising therapeutic method, owing to the intrinsic therapeutic properties thereof. The low cell retention and poor survival rate of MSCs make further research difficult, which is a problem that hydrogel encapsulation largely solved. In this review, safety and feasibility of hydrogel-encapsulated MSCs, the improvement of the survival, retention, and targeting, and the enhancement of their therapeutic effect by hydrogels were studied. The status of the hydrogel-encapsulated MSC secretome was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Huang
- Departments of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Departments of Infectious Disease, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Lina Yang,
| | - Lina Yang
- Departments of Geriatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Li, ; Lina Yang,
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33
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Man K, Brunet MY, Federici AS, Hoey DA, Cox SC. An ECM-Mimetic Hydrogel to Promote the Therapeutic Efficacy of Osteoblast-Derived Extracellular Vesicles for Bone Regeneration. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:829969. [PMID: 35433655 PMCID: PMC9005798 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.829969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) is emerging as a promising acellular approach for bone regeneration, overcoming translational hurdles associated with cell-based therapies. Despite their potential, EVs short half-life following systemic administration hinders their therapeutic efficacy. EVs have been reported to bind to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and play an essential role in matrix mineralisation. Chitosan and collagen type I are naturally-derived pro-osteogenic biomaterials, which have been demonstrated to control EV release kinetics. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an injectable ECM-mimetic hydrogel capable of controlling the release of osteoblast-derived EVs to promote bone repair. Pure chitosan hydrogels significantly enhanced compressive modulus (2.48-fold) and osteogenic differentiation (3.07-fold), whilst reducing gelation times (2.09-fold) and proliferation (2.7-fold) compared to pure collagen gels (p ≤ 0.001). EV release was strongly associated with collagen concentration (R2 > 0.94), where a significantly increased EV release profile was observed from chitosan containing gels using the CD63 ELISA (p ≤ 0.001). Hydrogel-released EVs enhanced human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) proliferation (1.12-fold), migration (2.55-fold), and mineralisation (3.25-fold) compared to untreated cells (p ≤ 0.001). Importantly, EV-functionalised chitosan-collagen composites significantly promoted hBMSCs extracellular matrix mineralisation when compared to the EV-free gels in a dose-dependent manner (p ≤ 0.001). Taken together, these findings demonstrate the development of a pro-osteogenic thermosensitive chitosan-collagen hydrogel capable of enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of osteoblast-derived EVs as a novel acellular tool for bone augmentation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Man
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mathieu Y. Brunet
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Angelica S. Federici
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A. Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Dept. of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin and RCSI, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie C. Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Sophie C. Cox,
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Zhang Z, Xu Y, Cao C, Wang B, Guo J, Qin Z, Lu Y, Zhang J, Zhang L, Wang W, Zhang J, Tang J. Exosomes as a messager to regulate the crosstalk between macrophages and cardiomyocytes under hypoxia conditions. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1486-1500. [PMID: 35088943 PMCID: PMC8899199 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have confirmed that cardiomyocyte‐derived exosomes have many pivotal biological functions, like influencing the progress of coronary artery disease via modulating macrophage phenotypes. However, the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between cardiomyocytes and macrophages have not been fully characterized. Hence, this study aimed to observe the interaction between cardiomyocytes under hypoxia and macrophages through exosome communication and further evaluate the ability of exosomes derived from cardiomyocytes cultured under hypoxic conditions (Hypo‐Exo) to polarize macrophages, and the effect of alternatively activated macrophages (M2) on hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Our results revealed that hypoxia facilitated the production of transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) in H9c2 cell‐derived exosomes. Moreover, exosomes derived from cardiomyocytes cultured under normal conditions (Nor‐Exo) and Hypo‐Exo could induce RAW264.7 cells into classically activated macrophages (M1) and M2 macrophages respectively. Likewise, macrophage activation was induced by circulating exosomes isolated from normal human controls (hNor‐Exo) or patients with acute myocardial infarction (hAMI‐Exo). Thus, our findings support that the profiles of hAMI‐Exo have been changed, which could regulate the polarization of macrophages and subsequently the polarized M2 macrophages reduced the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in return. Based on our findings, we speculate that exosomes have emerged as important inflammatory response modulators regulating cardiac oxidative stress injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zenglei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jiacheng Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yongzheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jianchao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Henan Medical Association, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Junnan Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Key Laboratory of Cardiac Injury and Repair, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Province Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Man K, Barroso IA, Brunet MY, Peacock B, Federici AS, Hoey DA, Cox SC. Controlled Release of Epigenetically-Enhanced Extracellular Vesicles from a GelMA/Nanoclay Composite Hydrogel to Promote Bone Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:832. [PMID: 35055017 PMCID: PMC8775793 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have garnered growing attention as promising acellular tools for bone repair. Although EVs' potential for bone regeneration has been shown, issues associated with their therapeutic potency and short half-life in vivo hinders their clinical utility. Epigenetic reprogramming with the histone deacetylase inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) has been reported to promote the osteoinductive potency of osteoblast-derived EVs. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogels functionalised with the synthetic nanoclay laponite (LAP) have been shown to effectively bind, stabilise, and improve the retention of bioactive factors. This study investigated the potential of utilising a GelMA-LAP hydrogel to improve local retention and control delivery of epigenetically enhanced osteoblast-derived EVs as a novel bone repair strategy. LAP was found to elicit a dose-dependent increase in GelMA compressive modulus and shear-thinning properties. Incorporation of the nanoclay was also found to enhance shape fidelity when 3D printed compared to LAP-free gels. Interestingly, GelMA hydrogels containing LAP displayed increased mineralisation capacity (1.41-fold) (p ≤ 0.01) over 14 days. EV release kinetics from these nanocomposite systems were also strongly influenced by LAP concentration with significantly more vesicles being released from GelMA constructs as detected by a CD63 ELISA (p ≤ 0.001). EVs derived from TSA-treated osteoblasts (TSA-EVs) enhanced proliferation (1.09-fold), migration (1.83-fold), histone acetylation (1.32-fold) and mineralisation (1.87-fold) of human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) when released from the GelMA-LAP hydrogel compared to the untreated EV gels (p ≤ 0.01). Importantly, the TSA-EV functionalised GelMA-LAP hydrogel significantly promoted encapsulated hBMSCs extracellular matrix collagen production (≥1.3-fold) and mineralisation (≥1.78-fold) in a dose-dependent manner compared to untreated EV constructs (p ≤ 0.001). Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of combining epigenetically enhanced osteoblast-derived EVs with a nanocomposite photocurable hydrogel to promote the therapeutic efficacy of acellular vesicle approaches for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny Man
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.M.); (I.A.B.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Inês A. Barroso
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.M.); (I.A.B.); (M.Y.B.)
| | - Mathieu Y. Brunet
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.M.); (I.A.B.); (M.Y.B.)
| | | | - Angelica S. Federici
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (A.S.F.); (D.A.H.)
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - David A. Hoey
- Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland; (A.S.F.); (D.A.H.)
- Department of Mechanical, Manufacturing, and Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
- Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin & RCSI, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie C. Cox
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK; (K.M.); (I.A.B.); (M.Y.B.)
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Perveen S, Rossin D, Vitale E, Rosso R, Vanni R, Cristallini C, Rastaldo R, Giachino C. Therapeutic Acellular Scaffolds for Limiting Left Ventricular Remodelling-Current Status and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222313054. [PMID: 34884856 PMCID: PMC8658014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of heart-related deaths worldwide. Following MI, the hypoxic microenvironment triggers apoptosis, disrupts the extracellular matrix and forms a non-functional scar that leads towards adverse left ventricular (LV) remodelling. If left untreated this eventually leads to heart failure. Besides extensive advancement in medical therapy, complete functional recovery is never accomplished, as the heart possesses limited regenerative ability. In recent decades, the focus has shifted towards tissue engineering and regenerative strategies that provide an attractive option to improve cardiac regeneration, limit adverse LV remodelling and restore function in an infarcted heart. Acellular scaffolds possess attractive features that have made them a promising therapeutic candidate. Their application in infarcted areas has been shown to improve LV remodelling and enhance functional recovery in post-MI hearts. This review will summarise the updates on acellular scaffolds developed and tested in pre-clinical and clinical scenarios in the past five years with a focus on their ability to overcome damage caused by MI. It will also describe how acellular scaffolds alone or in combination with biomolecules have been employed for MI treatment. A better understanding of acellular scaffolds potentialities may guide the development of customised and optimised therapeutic strategies for MI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Perveen
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Daniela Rossin
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Emanuela Vitale
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Rachele Rosso
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | - Roberto Vanni
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
| | | | - Raffaella Rastaldo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Claudia Giachino
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10043 Orbassano, Italy; (S.P.); (D.R.); (E.V.); (R.R.); (R.V.); (C.G.)
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