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Yi J, Liu L, Gao W, Zeng J, Chen Y, Pang E, Lan M, Yu C. Advances and perspectives in phototherapy-based combination therapy for cancer treatment. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6285-6304. [PMID: 38895829 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00483c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Phototherapy, including photothermal therapy (PTT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), has the advantages of spatiotemporal selectivity, non-invasiveness, and negligible drug resistance. Phototherapy has been approved for treating superficial epidermal tumors. However, its therapeutic efficacy is limited by the hypoxic tumor microenvironment and the highly expressed heat shock protein. Moreover, poor tissue penetration and focused irradiation laser region in phototherapy make treating deep tissues and metastatic tumors challenging. Combination therapy strategies, which integrate the advantages of each treatment and overcome their disadvantages, can significantly improve the therapeutic efficacy. Recently, many combination therapy strategies have been reported. Our study summarizes the strategies used for combining phototherapy with other cancer treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, gas therapy, starvation therapy, and chemodynamic therapy. Some research cases were selected to analyze the combination therapy effect, delivery platform feature, and synergetic anticancer mechanisms. Moreover, additional research cases are summarized in the tables. This review provides strong evidence that phototherapy-based combination strategies can enhance the anticancer effect compared with phototherapy alone. Additionally, the challenges and future perspectives associated with these combinational therapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Yi
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Gland Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China.
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Luyao Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Gland Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China.
| | - Wenjie Gao
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Jie Zeng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Gland Surgery, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410005, China.
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China
| | - E Pang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China.
| | - Chunzhao Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
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Ma S, Zhao H, Zhang H, Li L, Geng J, Yu Q, Zhang C, Diao H, Li S, Liu W, Wu Z. Novel 131-iodine labeled and ultrasound-responsive nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species controlled released nanoplatform for synergistic sonodynamic/nitric oxide/chemodynamic/radionuclide therapy. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107593. [PMID: 38971093 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) embody excellent potential in cancer therapy. However, as a small molecule, their targeted delivery and precise, controllable release are urgently needed to achieve accurate cancer therapy. In this paper, a novel US-responsive bifunctional molecule (SD) and hyaluronic acid-modified MnO2 nanocarrier was developed, and a US-responsive NO and ROS controlled released nanoplatform was constructed. US can trigger SD to release ROS and NO simultaneously at the tumor site. Thus, SD served as acoustic sensitizer for sonodynamic therapy and NO donor for gas therapy. In the tumor microenvironment, the MnO2 nanocarrier can effectively deplete the highly expressed GSH, and the released Mn2+ can make H2O2 to produce .OH by Fenton-like reaction, which exhibited a strong chemodynamic effect. The high concentration of ROS and NO in cancer cell can induce cancer cell apoptosis ultimately. In addition, toxic ONOO-, which was generated by the reaction of NO and ROS, can effectively cause mitochondrial dysfunction, which induced the apoptosis of tumor cells. The 131I was labeled on the nanoplatform, which exhibited internal radiation therapy for tumor therapy. In -vitro and -vivo experiments showed that the nanoplatform has enhanced biocompatibility, and efficient anti-tumor potential, and it achieves synergistic sonodynamic/NO/chemodynamic/radionuclide therapy for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sufang Ma
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Huaiping Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Leyan Li
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Jiamei Geng
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Qiang Yu
- Medical Imaging Department, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China
| | - Haipeng Diao
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Wen Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China; Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China.
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Molecular Imaging Precision Medical Collaborative Innovation Center, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, PR China.
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Wang R, Cao HC, Yang Q, Wei S, Liu T, Shi H. EGCG-vanadium nanomedicine with neutral pH Fenton reaction activity inhibits heat shock proteins for enhanced photothermal/chemodynamic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132481. [PMID: 38763233 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
A burgeoning interest has recently focused on the development of nanomedicine to integrate noninvasive photothermal therapy (PTT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT) for synergistic tumor treatments, owing to PTT's amplification effect on CDT. However, challenges emerge as hyperthermia often induces an unwarranted overexpression of cytoprotective heat shock proteins (HSPs), thereby curtailing PTT efficacy. Additionally, the nearly neutral tumor intracellular pH (pHi ≈ 7.2) that handicaps the Fenton reaction poses a leading limitation to CDT. Addressing these hurdles, we introduce EVP, a nanomedicine developed through the straightforward assembly of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), vanadium sulfate (VOSO4), and Pluronic F-127 (PF127). EVP comprehensively downregulates overexpressed HSPs (HSP 60, 70, 90) through the collaborative action of EGCG and vanadyl (VO2+). Moreover, the tumor intracellular pH-processed Fenton-like reaction by VO2+ ensures highly efficient hydroxyl radicals (OH) production in cytosols, overcoming the stringent acidity requirement for CDT. Additionally, the hyperthermia induced by PTT augments OH production, further enhancing CDT efficacy. In vitro and in vivo experiments validate EVP's excellent biocompatibility and potent tumor inhibition, highlighting its substantial potential in tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Wang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Hu-Chen Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Qiang Yang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Shuang Wei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
| | - Hui Shi
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, PR China.
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Guo W, Chen Z, Wu Q, Tan L, Ren X, Fu C, Cao F, Gu D, Meng X. Prepared MW-Immunosensitizers Precisely Release NO to Downregulate HIF-1α Expression and Enhance Immunogenic Cell Death. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308055. [PMID: 38037766 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Microwave thermotherapy (MWTT) has limited its application in the clinic due to its high rate of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that can address the high metastasis and recurrence rates after MWTT by increasing thermal sensitivity, down-regulating the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and inducing the immunogenic cell death (ICD). Therefore, GaMOF-Arg is designed, a gallium-based organic skeleton material derivative loaded with L-arginine (L-Arg), and coupled the mitochondria-targeting drug of triphenylphosphine (TPP) on its surface to obtain GaMOF-Arg-TPP (GAT) MW-immunosensitizers. When GAT MW-immunosensitizers are introduced into mice through the tail vein, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and L-Arg is released under MW action. Then, L-Arg reacts with ROS to generate NO, which not only downregulates HIF-1 expression to improve tumor hypoxia exacerbated by MW, but also enhances immune responses by augment calreticulin (CRT) exposure, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release, and T-cell proliferation to achieve prevention of tumor metastasis and recurrence. In addition, NO can induce mitochondria damage to increase their sensitivity to MWTT. This study provides a unique insight into the use of metal-organic framework MW-immunosensitizers to enhance tumor therapy and offers a new way to treat cancer efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Guo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zengzhen Chen
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Tan
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changhui Fu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Deen Gu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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An N, Tang S, Wang Y, Luan J, Shi Y, Gao M, Guo C. FeP-Based Nanotheranostic Platform for Enhanced Phototherapy/Ferroptosis/Chemodynamic Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309940. [PMID: 38534030 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent and lipid peroxides (LPO)-overloaded programmed damage cell death, induced by glutathione (GSH) depletion and glutathione peroxide 4 (GPX4) inactivation. However, the inadequacy of endogenous iron and reactive oxygen species (ROS) restricts the efficacy of ferroptosis. To overcome this obstacle, a near-infrared photo-responsive FeP@PEG NPs is fabricated. Exogenous iron pool can enhance the effect of ferroptosis via the depletion of GSH and further regulate GPX4 inactivation. Generation of ·OH derived from the Fenton reaction is proved by increased accumulation of lipid peroxides. The heat generated by photothermal therapy and ROS generated by photodynamic therapy can enhance cell apoptosis under near-infrared (NIR-808 nm) irradiation, as evidenced by mitochondrial dysfunction and further accumulation of lipid peroxide content. FeP@PEG NPs can significantly inhibit the growth of several types of cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, which is validated by theoretical and experimental results. Meanwhile, FeP@PEG NPs show excellent T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) property. In summary, the FeP-based nanotheranostic platform for enhanced phototherapy/ferroptosis/chemodynamic therapy provides a reliable opportunity for clinical cancer theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na An
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shuanglong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yuwei Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jing Luan
- The HIT Center for Life Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Magnetic Resonance Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Minghui Gao
- The HIT Center for Life Science, School of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Chongshen Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
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Lu XX, Xue C, Dong JH, Zhang YZ, Gao F. Nanoplatform-based strategies for enhancing the lethality of current antitumor PDT. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:3209-3225. [PMID: 38497405 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00008k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) exhibits great application prospects in future clinical oncology due to its spatiotemporal controllability and good biosafety. However, the antitumor efficacy of PDT is seriously hindered by many factors, including tumor hypoxia, limited light penetration ability, and strong defense mechanisms of tumors. Considering that it is difficult to completely solve the first two problems, enhancing the lethality of antitumor PDT has become a good idea to extend its clinical application. Herein, we summarize the nanoplatform-involved strategies to effectively amplify the tumoricidal capability of current PDT and then discuss the present bottlenecks and prospects of the nanoplatform-based PDT sensitization strategies in tumor therapy. We hope this review will provide some references for others to design high-performance PDT nanoplatforms for tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Lu
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Chun Xue
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Jian-Hui Dong
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Yi-Zhou Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Fan Gao
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
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Ghaffari-Bohlouli P, Jafari H, Okoro OV, Alimoradi H, Nie L, Jiang G, Kakkar A, Shavandi A. Gas Therapy: Generating, Delivery, and Biomedical Applications. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301349. [PMID: 38193272 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2 ), nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H2 S), and hydrogen (H2 ) with direct effects, and carbon dioxide (CO2 ) with complementary effects on the condition of various diseases are known as therapeutic gases. The targeted delivery and in situ generation of these therapeutic gases with controllable release at the site of disease has attracted attention to avoid the risk of gas poisoning and improve their performance in treating various diseases such as cancer therapy, cardiovascular therapy, bone tissue engineering, and wound healing. Stimuli-responsive gas-generating sources and delivery systems based on biomaterials that enable on-demand and controllable release are promising approaches for precise gas therapy. This work highlights current advances in the design and development of new approaches and systems to generate and deliver therapeutic gases at the site of disease with on-demand release behavior. The performance of the delivered gases in various biomedical applications is then discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pejman Ghaffari-Bohlouli
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Hafez Jafari
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Oseweuba Valentine Okoro
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Houman Alimoradi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Lei Nie
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, China
| | - Guohua Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ashok Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Amin Shavandi
- 3BIO-BioMatter, École polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
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Tao N, Jiao L, Li H, Deng L, Wang W, Zhao S, Chen W, Chen L, Zhu C, Liu YN. A Mild Hyperthermia Hollow Carbon Nanozyme as Pyroptosis Inducer for Boosted Antitumor Immunity. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22844-22858. [PMID: 37942890 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) antibody immunotherapy has demonstrated clinical benefits for multiple cancers. However, the efficacy of immunotherapy in tumors is suppressed by deficient tumor immunogenicity and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments. Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, can release tumor antigens, activate effective tumor immunogenicity, and improve the efficiency of ICB, but efficient pyroptosis for tumor treatment is currently limited. Herein, we show a mild hyperthermia-enhanced pyroptosis-mediated immunotherapy based on hollow carbon nanozyme, which can specifically amplify oxidative stress-triggered pyroptosis and synchronously magnify pyroptosis-mediated anticancer responses in the tumor microenvironment. The hollow carbon sphere modified with iron and copper atoms (HCS-FeCu) with multiple enzyme-mimicking activities has been engineered to induce cell pyroptosis via the radical oxygen species (ROS)-Tom20-Bax-Caspase 3-gasdermin E (GSDME) signaling pathway under light activation. Both in vitro and in vivo antineoplastic results confirm the superiority of HCS-FeCu nanozyme-induced pyroptosis. Moreover, the mild photothermal-activated pyroptosis combining anti-PD-1 can enhance antitumor immunotherapy. Theoretical calculations further indicate that the mild photothermal stimulation generates high-energy electrons and enhances the interaction between the HCS-FeCu surface and adsorbed oxygen, facilitating molecular oxygen activation, which improves the ROS production efficiency. This work presents an approach that effectively transforms immunologically "cold" tumors into "hot" ones, with significant implications for clinical immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Lei Jiao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - Huihuang Li
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Liu Deng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Senfeng Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Wansong Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Limiao Chen
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
| | - Chengzhou Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensing Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - You-Nian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, PR China
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