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Guo W, Chen Z, Wu Q, Tan L, Ren X, Fu C, Cao F, Gu D, Meng X. Prepared MW-Immunosensitizers Precisely Release NO to Downregulate HIF-1α Expression and Enhance Immunogenic Cell Death. Small 2024; 20:e2308055. [PMID: 38037766 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Microwave thermotherapy (MWTT) has limited its application in the clinic due to its high rate of metastasis and recurrence after treatment. Nitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous molecule that can address the high metastasis and recurrence rates after MWTT by increasing thermal sensitivity, down-regulating the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and inducing the immunogenic cell death (ICD). Therefore, GaMOF-Arg is designed, a gallium-based organic skeleton material derivative loaded with L-arginine (L-Arg), and coupled the mitochondria-targeting drug of triphenylphosphine (TPP) on its surface to obtain GaMOF-Arg-TPP (GAT) MW-immunosensitizers. When GAT MW-immunosensitizers are introduced into mice through the tail vein, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated and L-Arg is released under MW action. Then, L-Arg reacts with ROS to generate NO, which not only downregulates HIF-1 expression to improve tumor hypoxia exacerbated by MW, but also enhances immune responses by augment calreticulin (CRT) exposure, high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) release, and T-cell proliferation to achieve prevention of tumor metastasis and recurrence. In addition, NO can induce mitochondria damage to increase their sensitivity to MWTT. This study provides a unique insight into the use of metal-organic framework MW-immunosensitizers to enhance tumor therapy and offers a new way to treat cancer efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Guo
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zengzhen Chen
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Longfei Tan
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Changhui Fu
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases & 2nd Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - Deen Gu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, CAS Key Laboratory of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Yu M, Li S, Ren X, Liu N, Guo W, Xue J, Tan L, Fu C, Wu Q, Niu M, Du Y, Meng X. Magnetic Bimetallic Heterointerface Nanomissiles with Enhanced Microwave Absorption for Microwave Thermal/Dynamics Therapy of Breast Cancer. ACS Nano 2024; 18:3636-3650. [PMID: 38227493 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Microwave thermotherapy (MWT) has shown great potential in cancer treatment due to its deep tissue penetration and minimally invasive nature. However, the poor microwave absorption (MA) properties of the microwave thermal sensitizer in the medical frequency band significantly limit the thermal effect of MWT and then weaken the therapeutic efficacy. In this paper, a Ni-based multilayer heterointerface nanomissile of MOFs-Ni-Ru@COFs (MNRC) with improved MA performance in the desired frequency band via introducing magnetic loss and dielectric loss is developed for MWT-based treatment. The loading of the Ni nanoparticle in MNRC mediates the magnetic loss, introducing the MA in the medical frequency band. The heterointerface formed in the MNRC by nanoengineering induces significant interfacial polarization, increasing the dielectric loss and then enhancing the generated MA performance. Moreover, MNRC with the strong MA performance in the desired frequency range not only enhances the MW thermal effect of MWT but also facilitates the electron and energy transfer, generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) at tumor sites to mediate microwave dynamic therapy (MDT). The strategy of strengthening the MA performance of the sensitizer in the medical frequency band to improve MWT-MDT provides a direction for expanding the clinical application of MWT in tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Shimei Li
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangling Ren
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wenna Guo
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Xue
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Longfei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Changhui Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Meng Niu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
| | - Yongxing Du
- School of Information Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou 014010, China
| | - Xianwei Meng
- Key Laboratory of Cryogenics Science and Technology, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing,100190, China
- Laboratory of Controllable Preparation and Application of Nanomaterials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Jeong J, Son SH. Body Boundary Measurement Using Multiple Line Lasers for a Focused Microwave Thermotherapy System: A Proof-of-Concept Study. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7438. [PMID: 37687894 PMCID: PMC10490627 DOI: 10.3390/s23177438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
A focused microwave thermotherapy system for non-invasively treating cancerous tumors has recently been actively developed. To accurately focus on the target location, the system needs information about the patient's body boundary. However, a water bolus is placed between the human body and the microwave applicators to allow the microwave to penetrate the body more easily and cool the body's skin. The structural configuration makes it difficult to measure the body boundary. In this paper, we present a body boundary measurement method using multiple line lasers and cameras for the application of a focused microwave thermotherapy system. Even with a lack of acquired boundary data, a completely closed boundary line can be reconstructed. In addition, real-time movement tracking is possible as it can be measured quickly, even in situations where the patient is moving, such as breathing and wriggling. The performance is verified with several indicators in a water-filled experimental testbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghoon Jeong
- Department of ICT Convergence, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Son
- Department of ICT Convergence, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Soonchunhyang University, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
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Wen L, Liu H, Hu C, Wei Z, Meng Y, Lu C, Su Y, Lu L, Liang H, Xu Q, Zhan M. Thermoacoustic Imaging-Guided Thermo-Chemotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Sensitized by a Microwave-Responsive Nitric Oxide Nanogenerator. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:10477-10491. [PMID: 36790347 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Imaging-guided percutaneous microwave thermotherapy has been regarded as an important alternative nonsurgical therapeutic strategy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that provides excellent local tumor control and favorable survival benefit. However, providing a high-resolution, real-time, and noninvasive imaging technique for intraoperative guidance and controlling postoperative residual tumor recurrence are urgent needs for the clinical setting. In this study, a cisplatin (CDDP)-loaded nanocapsule (NPs@CDDP) with microwave responsive property was prepared to simultaneously serve as a contrast agent of emerging thermoacoustic imaging and a sensitizing agent of microwave thermo-chemotherapy. Accompanying the enzymolysis in the tumor microenvironment, the NPs@CDDP responsively release l-arginine (l-Arg) and CDDP. l-Arg with excellent microwave-absorbing property allowed it to serve as a thermoacoustic imaging contrast agent for accurately delineating the tumor and remarkably increasing tumor temperature under ultralow power microwave irradiation. Apart from the chemotherapeutic effect, CDDP elevated the intracellular H2O2 level through cascade reactions and further accelerated the continuous transformation of l-Arg to nitric oxide (NO), which endowed the NPs@CDDP with NO-generation capability. Notably, the high concentration of intracellular NO was proved to aggravate lipid peroxidation and greatly improved the efficacy of microwave thermo-chemotherapy. Thereby, NPs@CDDP was expected to serve as a theranostic agent integrating the functions of tumor microenvironment-responsive drug delivery system, contrast agent of thermoacoustic imaging, thermal sensitizing agent, and NO nanogenerator, which was promising to provide a potential imaging-guided therapeutic strategy for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liewei Wen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Cong Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zixuan Wei
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ya Meng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Cuixia Lu
- Medical College, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yanhong Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau SAR China
| | - Ligong Lu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
| | - Meixiao Zhan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tumor Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment, Zhuhai People's Hospital (Zhuhai Hospital Affiliated with Jinan University), Jinan University, Zhuhai, Guangdong 519000, P.R. China
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Qi J, Li W, Lu K, Jin F, Liu D, Xu X, Wang X, Kang X, Wang W, Shu G, Han F, Ying X, You J, Ji J, Du Y. pH and Thermal Dual-Sensitive Nanoparticle-Mediated Synergistic Antitumor Effect of Immunotherapy and Microwave Thermotherapy. Nano Lett 2019; 19:4949-4959. [PMID: 31286769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b01061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cationic anticancer peptides, which can induce tumor cell immunogenic death and further promote systemic tumor-specific immune responses, have offered a promising solution to relieve the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. However, peptide drugs are easily degraded and lack of targeting ability when administered systemically, leading to limitations in their applications. Herein, we report a pH and thermal dual-sensitive bovine lactoferricin-loaded (one of the most widely studied cationic anticancer peptides) nanoparticles, which simultaneously exhibited antitumor and immune cell activated effects when applied with microwave thermotherapy, an auxiliary method of immunotherapy. The bovine lactoferricin could be delivered to the tumor site by nanoparticles, be immediately released from nanoparticles in the acidic environment of lysosomes and the thermal condition caused by microwave radiation, and ultimately induce tumor apoptosis with the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). It is worth noting that the strategy of bovine lactoferricin-loaded nanoparticles intravenous injection combined with local microwave thermotherapy not only showed excellent efficacy in relieving tumor growth but also resulted in strong antitumor immunities, which was due to the released bovine lactoferricin under stimulating conditions, and the pool of tumor-associated antigens generated by tumor destruction. In conclusion, this work presents a strategy for tumor treatment based on dual-sensitive bovine lactoferricin-loaded nanoparticles combined with microwave thermotherapy, which may provide a solution for cationic anticancer peptides delivery and improving antitumor immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Weishuo Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Kongjun Lu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Feiyang Jin
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Xuqi Kang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Wei Wang
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Gaofeng Shu
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research , Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University , Lishui 323000 , China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, School of Pharmacy , Nanjing Medical University , Nanjing 210023 , China
| | - Xiaoying Ying
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jian You
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
| | - Jiansong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research , Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University , Lishui 323000 , China
| | - Yongzhong Du
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Zhejiang University , 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road , Hangzhou 310058 , China
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Du Y, Zhang L, Sang L, Wu D. Temperature field simulation and phantom validation of a Two-armed Spiral Antenna for microwave thermotherapy. Technol Health Care 2016; 24 Suppl 2:S675-82. [PMID: 27177098 DOI: 10.3233/thc-161195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, an Archimedean planar spiral antenna for the application of thermotherapy was designed. This type of antenna was chosen for its compact structure, flexible application and wide heating area. The temperature field generated by the use of this Two-armed Spiral Antenna in a muscle-equivalent phantom was simulated and subsequently validated by experimentation. First, the specific absorption rate (SAR) of the field was calculated using the Finite Element Method (FEM) by Ansoft's High Frequency Structure Simulation (HFSS). Then, the temperature elevation in the phantom was simulated by an explicit finite difference approximation of the bioheat equation (BHE). The temperature distribution was then validated by a phantom heating experiment. The results showed that this antenna had a good heating ability and a wide heating area. A comparison between the calculation and the measurement showed a fair agreement in the temperature elevation. The validated model could be applied for the analysis of electromagnetic-temperature distribution in phantoms during the process of antenna design or thermotherapy experimentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Du
- Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Mongolia, China
| | - Lingze Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lulu Sang
- Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, Mongolia, China
| | - Daocheng Wu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Aagaard MF, Niebuhr MH, Jacobsen JD, Krøyer Nielsen K. Transurethral microwave thermotherapy treatment of chronic urinary retention in patients unsuitable for surgery. Scand J Urol 2013; 48:290-4. [PMID: 24102183 DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2013.840857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT) in the treatment of chronic urinary retention due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in patients unsuitable for surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study enrolled 124 patients with chronic urinary retention due to BPH. The median age was 80 years (61-92 years). Of the enrolled patients, 77 (62%) were assessed by an anaesthesiologist as being unsuitable for surgery owing to cardiac, pulmonary, neurological or other diseases. Overall, 115 patients (93%) had an indwelling catheter. The remaining nine patients (7%) performed clean intermittent self-catheterization. The treatment was performed under local anaesthesia in the outpatient department using the ProstaLund Coretherm Device. At the 6-month follow-up, the Danish version of the International Prostate Symptom Score (DAN-PSS), postvoiding residual volume and urinary peak flow were measured. Improvement in quality of life was also registered. RESULTS The success of TUMT was assessed by looking at the percentage of patients relieved of their catheter and by the improvement in quality of life. Overall, 77% of patients were relieved of their catheter and 79% reported an improvement in their quality of life. CONCLUSION In this study, both the median age and the percentage of patients unsuitable for surgery were larger than in previous studies. Despite this, TUMT relieved 77% of their catheter and 79% reported an improvement in their quality of life. This study shows that TUMT is an effective treatment for patients unsuitable for surgery and with chronic urinary retention.
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