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Castillo-Seoane J, Contreras-Bernal L, Obrero-Perez JM, García-Casas X, Lorenzo-Lázaro F, Aparicio FJ, Lopez-Santos C, Rojas TC, Anta JA, Borrás A, Barranco Á, Sanchez-Valencia JR. Highly Anisotropic Organometal Halide Perovskite Nanowalls Grown by Glancing-Angle Deposition. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107739. [PMID: 35077604 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Polarizers are ubiquitous components in current optoelectronic devices as displays or photographic cameras. Yet, control over light polarization is an unsolved challenge, since the main drawback of the existing display technologies is the significant optical losses. In such a context, organometal halide perovskites (OMHP) can play a decisive role given their flexible synthesis with tunable optical properties such as bandgap and photoluminescence, and excellent light emission with a low non-radiative recombination rate. Therefore, along with their outstanding electrical properties have elevated hybrid perovskites as the material of choice in photovoltaics and optoelectronics. Among the different OMHP nanostructures, nanowires and nanorods have lately arisen as key players in the control of light polarization for lighting or detector applications. Herein, the fabrication of highly aligned and anisotropic methylammonium lead iodide perovskite nanowalls by glancing-angle deposition, which is compatible with most substrates, is presented. Their high alignment degree provides the samples with anisotropic optical properties such as light absorption and photoluminescence. Furthermore, their implementation in photovoltaic devices provides them with a polarization-sensitive response. This facile vacuum-based approach embodies a milestone in the development of last-generation polarization-sensitive perovskite-based optoelectronic devices such as lighting appliances or self-powered photodetectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Castillo-Seoane
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
- Atomic, Nuclear and Molecular Physics Department, Facultad de Física, University of Seville, Avd. Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Lidia Contreras-Bernal
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | | | - Xabier García-Casas
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Aparicio
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics I, University of Seville, Virgen de Africa, Seville, 41011, Spain
| | - Carmen Lopez-Santos
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
- Department of Applied Physics I, University of Seville, Virgen de Africa, Seville, 41011, Spain
| | - Teresa Cristina Rojas
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Anta
- Área de Química Física, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, 41013, Spain
| | - Ana Borrás
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Ángel Barranco
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
| | - Juan Ramon Sanchez-Valencia
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (US-CSIC), Americo Vespucio 49, Seville, 41092, Spain
- Atomic, Nuclear and Molecular Physics Department, Facultad de Física, University of Seville, Avd. Reina Mercedes s/n, Seville, 41012, Spain
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2
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Mechanically Switchable Wetting Petal Effect in Self-Patterned Nanocolumnar Films on Poly(dimethylsiloxane). NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11102566. [PMID: 34685004 PMCID: PMC8538580 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Switchable mechanically induced changes in the wetting behavior of surfaces are of paramount importance for advanced microfluidic, self-cleaning and biomedical applications. In this work we show that the well-known polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer develops self-patterning when it is coated with nanostructured TiO2 films prepared by physical vapor deposition at glancing angles and subsequently subjected to a mechanical deformation. Thus, unlike the disordered wrinkled surfaces typically created by deformation of the bare elastomer, well-ordered and aligned micro-scaled grooves form on TiO2/PDMS after the first post-deposition bending or stretching event. These regularly patterned surfaces can be reversibly modified by mechanical deformation, thereby inducing a switchable and reversible wetting petal effect and the sliding of liquid droplets. When performed in a dynamic way, this mechanical actuation produces a unique capacity of liquid droplets (water and diiodomethane) transport and tweezing, this latter through their selective capture and release depending on their volume and chemical characteristics. Scanning electron and atomic force microscopy studies of the strained samples showed that a dual-scale roughness, a parallel alignment of patterned grooves and their reversible widening upon deformation, are critical factors controlling this singular sliding behavior and the possibility to tailor their response by the appropriate manufacturing of surface structures.
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Oliva-Ramírez M, Wang D, Flock D, Rico V, González-Elipe AR, Schaaf P. Solid-State Dewetting of Gold on Stochastically Periodic SiO 2 Nanocolumns Prepared by Oblique Angle Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:11385-11395. [PMID: 33590763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c19327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state dewetting (SSD) on patterned substrates is a straightforward method for fabricating ordered arrays of metallic nanoparticles on surfaces. However, a drawback of this procedure is that the patterning of substrates usually requires time-consuming and expensive two-dimensional (2D) fabrication methods. Nanostructured thin films deposited by oblique angle deposition (OAD) present at the surface a form of stochastically arranged periodic bundles of nanocolumns that might act as a patterned template for fabricating arrays of nanoparticles by SSD. In this work, we explore this concept and investigate the effect of three different types of OAD SiO2 thin films on the SSD of Au deposited on their surface. We demonstrate that the size and spatial distribution of the particles can be tailored through the surface morphology of these OAD film substrates. It has been found that the SSD of the evaporated Au layer gives rise to a bimodal size distribution of particles. A majority of them appeared as mesoparticles with sizes ≳100 nm and the rest as nanoparticles with ∼10 nm, respectively, located either on top of the nanocolumns following their lateral distribution (i.e., resulting from a patterning effect) or incorporated inside the open mesopores existing among them. Moreover, on the SiO2-OAD thin films where interconnected nanocolumnar bundles arrange in the form of discrete motifs, the patterning effect gave rise to the formation of approximately one Au mesoparticle per motif, which is one of the assets of patterned SSD. The morphological, optical (i.e., plasmon resonance), and crystalline structural characteristics of Au mesoparticles suggest that the interplay between a discontinuous nanocolumnar surface acting as a template and the poor adhesion of Au onto SiO2 are key factors for the observed template effect controlling the SSD on the surface of OAD thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Oliva-Ramírez
- Chair Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Dong Wang
- Chair Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Dominik Flock
- Chair Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Víctor Rico
- Institute of Materials Science of Seville (CSIC), Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
| | | | - Peter Schaaf
- Chair Materials for Electrical Engineering and Electronics, Institute of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute of Micro and Nanotechnologies MacroNano, TU Ilmenau, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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4
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Ge B, Larson S, Tu H, Zhao Y, Fei Y. Generalized ellipsometry characterization of Ag nanorod arrays prepared by oblique angle deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:075705. [PMID: 31675750 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab53ae] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanorods arrays (AgNRs) prepared by oblique angle deposition were characterized by the generalized ellipsometry method in the spectral range from 370 to 950 nm. Three structure models were used to fit the ellipsometry data, the uniaxial model, the biaxial orthorhombic model, and the biaxial monoclinic model. Unlike the uniaxial model reported in most literature, the biaxial models are found to give better fitting results. The optical properties along the three principle axes are different: along long axis it displays predominantly metallic behavior; along one short axis it approaches to a lossless dielectric while along the other it behaves as an absorbance dielectric. The AgNRs also demonstrate epsilon-near-zero property with the real part of dielectric constant along the rod being very close to zero at wavelength of 416 nm, which is expected to be tuned with changing of the vapor incident angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilin Ge
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ultra-Precision Optical Manufacturing, Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures (Ministry of Education), Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People's Republic of China
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Sharma N, Destouches N, Florian C, Serna R, Siegel J. Tailoring metal-dielectric nanocomposite materials with ultrashort laser pulses for dichroic color control. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:18779-18789. [PMID: 31595926 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr06763a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-dielectric nanocomposites are multiphase material systems containing nanostructures, whose size and arrangement determine the optical properties of the material, enabling the production of new materials with custom-designed response. In this paper, we exploit a femtosecond laser-based strategy to fabricate nanocomposites based on silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) with tunable optical spectral response. We demonstrate how the spectral response, specifically color and dichroic response, is linked to Ag NPs growth and self-organization processes that are controlled locally by the choice of the laser irradiation parameters, such as scan speed and laser light polarization. When the scan speed increases, the Ag NPs are formed at larger depths below the film surface and give rise to the formation of embedded NPs gratings. As a result, the effective optical properties of the films are strongly modified enabling the display of a broad range of solid colors in the visible region. Furthermore, the choice of the laser light polarization allows to fabricate films either with iridescent or dichroic properties (linear polarization) or with non-diffractive and non-dichroic colors (circular polarization). Finally, the high spatial control over the transformed areas achieved with the laser processing, allows the building of hybrid nanostructures by means of interlacing structures with different optical responses. These results demonstrate the high potential of fs-laser technology to process Ag-based nanocomposites to fabricate coatings with a designed reflectivity, transmission, diffraction, as well as polarization anisotropy response. The Ag nanocomposites investigated in this work hold great promise for a broad range of applications especially for coloring, for enhanced visual effects, and for smart information encoding for security applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sharma
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - N Destouches
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne, CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - C Florian
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - R Serna
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - J Siegel
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Optica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IO-CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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Parra-Barranco J, Sanchez-Valencia JR, Barranco A, González-Elipe AR. Silver and gold nanoparticles in nanometric confined templates: synthesis and alloying within the anisotropic pores of oblique angle deposited films. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 28:485602. [PMID: 29019468 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa92af] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this work we have developed an infiltration methodology to incorporate metal nanoparticles (NPs) of controlled size and shape into the open voids available in oblique angle deposited thin films. These NPs exhibited well-defined surface plasmon resonances (SPRs). The nanometric confined space provided by their porous microstructure has been used as a template for the growth of anisotropic NPs with interesting SPR properties. The fabrication methodology has been applied for the preparation of films with embedded Ag and Au NPs with two associated plasmon resonance features that developed a dichroic behaviour when examined with linearly polarized light. A confined alloying process was induced by near IR nanosecond laser irradiation yielding bimetallic NPs with SPR features covering a large zone of the electromagnetic spectrum. The possibilities of the method for the tailored fabrication of a wide range colour palette based on SPR features are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Parra-Barranco
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, ICMS, Materials Science Institute of Seville (CSIC-US), C/Americo Vespucio 49, E-41092, Seville Spain
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7
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Liu Z, Siegel J, Garcia-Lechuga M, Epicier T, Lefkir Y, Reynaud S, Bugnet M, Vocanson F, Solis J, Vitrant G, Destouches N. Three-Dimensional Self-Organization in Nanocomposite Layered Systems by Ultrafast Laser Pulses. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5031-5040. [PMID: 28471649 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Controlling plasmonic systems with nanometer resolution in transparent films and their colors over large nonplanar areas is a key issue for spreading their use in various industrial fields. Using light to direct self-organization mechanisms provides high-speed and flexible processes to meet this challenge. Here, we describe a route for the laser-induced self-organization of metallic nanostructures in 3D. Going beyond the production of planar nanopatterns, we demonstrate that ultrafast laser-induced excitation combined with nonlinear feedback mechanisms in a nanocomposite thin film can lead to 3D self-organized nanostructured films. The process, which can be extended to complex layered composite systems, produces highly uniform large-area nanopatterns. We show that 3D self-organization originates from the simultaneous excitation of independent optical modes at different depths in the film and is activated by the plasmon-induced charge separation and thermally induced NP growth mechanisms. This laser color marking technique enables multiplexed optical image encoding and the generated nanostructured Ag NPs:TiO2 films offer great promise for applications in solar energy harvesting, photocatalysis, or photochromic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeming Liu
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne , CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jan Siegel
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Optica , Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Thierry Epicier
- MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, University of Lyon, INSA Lyon, University Lyon I , 6921 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yaya Lefkir
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne , CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Stéphanie Reynaud
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne , CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Matthieu Bugnet
- MATEIS, UMR CNRS 5510, University of Lyon, INSA Lyon, University Lyon I , 6921 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Francis Vocanson
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne , CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Javier Solis
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Optica , Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Guy Vitrant
- CNRS-UMR 5130, IMEP-LAHC, Minatec, Grenoble-INP , F-38016 Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Destouches
- Univ Lyon, UJM-Saint-Etienne , CNRS, Institut d Optique Graduate School, Laboratoire Hubert Curien UMR 5516, F-42023 Saint-Etienne, France
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8
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Sanchez-Valencia JR, Longtin R, Rossell MD, Gröning P. Growth Assisted by Glancing Angle Deposition: A New Technique to Fabricate Highly Porous Anisotropic Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:8686-8693. [PMID: 26954074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b00232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We report a new methodology based on glancing angle deposition (GLAD) of an organic molecule in combination with perpendicular growth of a second inorganic material. The resulting thin films retain a very well-defined tilted columnar microstructure characteristic of GLAD with the inorganic material embedded inside the columns. We refer to this new methodology as growth assisted by glancing angle deposition or GAGLAD, since the material of interest (here, the inorganic) grows in the form of tilted columns, though it is deposited under a nonglancing configuration. As a "proof of concept", we have used silver and zinc oxide as the perpendicularly deposited material since they usually form ill-defined columnar microstructures at room temperature by GLAD. By means of our GAGLAD methodology, the typical tilted columnar microstructure can be developed for materials that otherwise do not form ordered structures under conventional GLAD. This simple methodology broadens significantly the range of materials where control of the microstructure can be achieved by tuning the geometrical deposition parameters. The two examples presented here, Ag/Alq3 and ZnO/Alq3, have been deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), respectively: two different vacuum techniques that illustrate the generality of the proposed technique. The two type of hybrid samples present very interesting properties that demonstrate the potentiality of GAGLAD. On one hand, the Ag/Alq3 samples present highly optical anisotropic properties when they are analyzed with linearly polarized light. To our knowledge, these Ag/Alq3 samples present the highest angular selectivity reported in the visible range. On the other hand, ZnO/Alq3 samples are used to develop highly porous ZnO thin films by using Alq3 as sacrificial material. In this way, antireflective ZnO samples with very low refractive index and extinction coefficient have been obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ramon Sanchez-Valencia
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, ‡Joining Technologies and Corrosion Laboratory, §Electron Microscopy Center, and ∥Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Remi Longtin
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, ‡Joining Technologies and Corrosion Laboratory, §Electron Microscopy Center, and ∥Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marta D Rossell
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, ‡Joining Technologies and Corrosion Laboratory, §Electron Microscopy Center, and ∥Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
| | - Pierangelo Gröning
- nanotech@surfaces Laboratory, ‡Joining Technologies and Corrosion Laboratory, §Electron Microscopy Center, and ∥Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , Ueberlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
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Oliva-Ramirez M, Barranco A, Löffler M, Yubero F, González-Elipe AR. Optofluidic Modulation of Self-Associated Nanostructural Units Forming Planar Bragg Microcavities. ACS NANO 2016; 10:1256-1264. [PMID: 26653767 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Bragg microcavities (BMs) formed by the successive stacking of nanocolumnar porous SiO2 and TiO2 layers with slanted, zigzag, chiral, and vertical configurations are prepared by physical vapor deposition at oblique angles while azimuthally varying the substrate orientation during the multilayer growth. The slanted and zigzag BMs act as wavelength-selective optical retarders when they are illuminated with linearly polarized light, while no polarization dependence is observed for the chiral and vertical cavities. This distinct optical behavior is attributed to a self-nanostructuration mechanism involving a fence-bundling association of nanocolumns as observed by focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy in the slanted and zigzag microcavities. The outstanding retarder response of the optically active BMs can be effectively modulated by dynamic infiltration of nano- and mesopores with liquids of different refraction indices acting as a switch of the polarization behavior. The unprecedented polarization and tunable optofluidic properties of these nanostructured photonic systems have been successfully simulated with a simple model that assumes a certain birefringence for the individual stacked layers and accounts for the light interference phenomena developed in the BMs. The possibilities of this type of self-arranged nanostructured and optically active BMs for liquid sensing and monitoring applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Oliva-Ramirez
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla) Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Angel Barranco
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla) Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), TU Dresden , 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Francisco Yubero
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla) Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Agustin R González-Elipe
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology on Surfaces, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Univ. Sevilla) Avda. Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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10
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Patsalas P, Kalfagiannis N, Kassavetis S. Optical Properties and Plasmonic Performance of Titanium Nitride. MATERIALS 2015. [PMCID: PMC5455719 DOI: 10.3390/ma8063128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Titanium nitride (TiN) is one of the most well-established engineering materials nowadays. TiN can overcome most of the drawbacks of palsmonic metals due to its high electron conductivity and mobility, high melting point and due to the compatibility of its growth with Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this work, we review the dielectric function spectra of TiN and we evaluate the plasmonic performance of TiN by calculating (i) the Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) dispersion relations and (ii) the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) band of TiN nanoparticles, and we demonstrate a significant plasmonic performance of TiN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panos Patsalas
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +30-2310-998298
| | - Nikolaos Kalfagiannis
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; E-Mail:
| | - Spyros Kassavetis
- Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece; E-Mail:
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, Ioannina GR-45110, Greece
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11
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Parra-Barranco J, García-García FJ, Rico V, Borrás A, López-Santos C, Frutos F, Barranco A, González-Elipe AR. Anisotropic In-Plane Conductivity and Dichroic Gold Plasmon Resonance in Plasma-Assisted ITO Thin Films e-Beam-Evaporated at Oblique Angles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:10993-11001. [PMID: 25938593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ITO thin films have been prepared by electron beam evaporation at oblique angles (OA), directly and while assisting their growth with a downstream plasma. The films microstructure, characterized by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and glancing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering, consisted of tilted and separated nanostructures. In the plasma assisted films, the tilting angle decreased and the nanocolumns became associated in the form of bundles along the direction perpendicular to the flux of evaporated material. The annealed films presented different in-depth and sheet resistivity as confirmed by scanning conductivity measurements taken for the individual nanocolumns. In addition, for the plasma-assisted thin films, two different sheet resistance values were determined by measuring along the nanocolumn bundles or the perpendicular to it. This in-plane anisotropy induces the electrochemical deposition of elongated gold nanostructures. The obtained Au-ITO composite thin films were characterized by anisotropic plasmon resonance absorption and a dichroic behavior when examined with linearly polarized light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Parra-Barranco
- †Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla. c/Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Francisco J García-García
- †Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla. c/Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Víctor Rico
- †Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla. c/Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Ana Borrás
- †Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla. c/Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Carmen López-Santos
- †Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla. c/Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | | | - Angel Barranco
- †Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla. c/Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
| | - Agustín R González-Elipe
- †Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla. c/Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, Spain
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12
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Macias-Montero M, Peláez RJ, Rico VJ, Saghi Z, Midgley P, Afonso CN, González-Elipe AR, Borras A. Laser treatment of Ag@ZnO nanorods as long-life-span SERS surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2331-2339. [PMID: 25575182 DOI: 10.1021/am506622x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UV nanosecond laser pulses have been used to produce a unique surface nanostructuration of Ag@ZnO supported nanorods (NRs). The NRs were fabricated by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) at low temperature applying a silver layer as promoter. The irradiation of these structures with single nanosecond pulses of an ArF laser produces the melting and reshaping of the end of the NRs that aggregate in the form of bundles terminated by melted ZnO spherical particles. Well-defined silver nanoparticles (NPs), formed by phase separation at the surface of these melted ZnO particles, give rise to a broad plasmonic response consistent with their anisotropic shape. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) in the as-prepared Ag@ZnO NRs arrays was proved by using a Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) chromophore as standard analyte. The surface modifications induced by laser treatment improve the stability of this system as SERS substrate while preserving its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Macias-Montero
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMS), CSIC-University of Seville , C/AmericoVespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
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13
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Parra-Barranco J, Oliva-Ramirez M, Gonzalez-Garcia L, Alcaire M, Macias-Montero M, Borras A, Frutos F, Gonzalez-Elipe AR, Barranco A. Bending induced self-organized switchable gratings on polymeric substrates. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2014; 6:11924-11931. [PMID: 25007108 DOI: 10.1021/am5037687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a straightforward procedure of self-surface patterning with potential applications as large area gratings, invisible labeling, optomechanical transducers, or smart windows. The methodology is based in the formation of parallel micrometric crack patterns when polydimethylsiloxane foils coated with tilted nanocolumnar SiO2 thin films are manually bent. The SiO2 thin films are grown by glancing angle deposition at room temperature. The results indicate that crack spacing is controlled by the film nanostructure independently of the film thickness and bending curvature. They also show that the in-plane microstructural anisotropy of the SiO2 films due to column association perpendicular to the growth direction determines the anisotropic formation of parallel cracks along two main axes. These self-organized patterned foils are completely transparent and work as customized reversible diffraction gratings under mechanical activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Parra-Barranco
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)-Universidad de Sevilla . c/Américo Vespucio 49, Sevilla 41092, ES, Spain
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14
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Baraldi G, Gonzalo J, Solis J, Siegel J. Reorganizing and shaping of embedded near-coalescence silver nanoparticles with off-resonance femtosecond laser pulses. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:255301. [PMID: 23708266 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/25/255301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that 2D distributions of non-spherical near-coalescence silver nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in an ultrathin dielectric film can be reorganized, shaped and aligned by exposure to ultrashort laser pulses. As-grown samples prepared by pulsed laser deposition show a broad absorption band with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at 650 nm, which can be blue-shifted down to 440 nm and transformed to show polarization anisotropy. In situ white light probing of the spectral sample transmission allows control during irradiation of the position and polarization anisotropy of the SPR, effectively controlling particle reorganization and shaping. Using the high spatial resolution of the optical probe technique (better than 10 μm), the dependence of the nanoparticle shape and distribution on the local fluence can be studied in a single irradiated region. The results inferred from the spectral measurements have been confirmed by TEM studies, showing the formation of nanoparticles with prolate shape, preferential alignment along the polarization axis of the laser and a narrow size distribution. This simple and efficient approach for NP shaping and the straightforward extension to multilayer systems offer excellent perspectives for optical encoding, multidimensional data storage and fabrication of complex, polarization-sensitive spectral masks starting from thin films with near-coalescence distributions of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Baraldi
- Laser Processing Group, Instituto de Óptica, CSIC, Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Nicolas Filippin A, Borras A, Rico VJ, Frutos F, González-Elipe AR. Laser induced enhancement of dichroism in supported silver nanoparticles deposited by evaporation at glancing angles. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2013; 24:045301. [PMID: 23291348 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/24/4/045301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (NPs) depicting well defined surface plasmon resonance (SPR) absorption were deposited on flat substrates by physical vapor deposition in a glancing angle configuration. The particles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy and their optical properties examined by UV-vis absorption spectroscopy using linearly polarized light. It was found that, depending on the amount of deposited silver and the evaporation angle, part of the 'as-prepared' samples present NPs characterized by an anisotropic shape and a polarization dependent SPR absorption and different colors when using polarized white light at 0° and 90°. Low-power irradiation of these materials with an infrared Nd-YAG nanosecond laser in ambient conditions produced an enhancement in such dichroism. At higher powers, the dichroism was lost and the SPR bands shifted to lower wavelengths as a result of the reshaping of the silver NPs in the form of spheres. The possible factors contributing to the observed changes in dichroism are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nicolas Filippin
- Nanotechnology on Surfaces Laboratory, Materials Science Institute of Seville (ICMSE, CSIC-US), C/Americo Vespucio 49, 41092 Seville, Spain
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16
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Beliatis MJ, Henley SJ, Han S, Gandhi K, Adikaari AADT, Stratakis E, Kymakis E, Silva SRP. Organic solar cells with plasmonic layers formed by laser nanofabrication. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:8237-44. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp51334c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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17
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González-García L, Parra-Barranco J, Sánchez-Valencia JR, Barranco A, Borrás A, González-Elipe AR, García-Gutiérrez MC, Hernández JJ, Rueda DR, Ezquerra TA. Correlation lengths, porosity and water adsorption in TiO₂ thin films prepared by glancing angle deposition. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 23:205701. [PMID: 22543422 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/23/20/205701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports a thorough microstructural characterization of glancing angle deposited (GLAD) TiO(2) thin films. Atomic force microscopy (afm), grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering (GISAXS) and water adsorption isotherms have been used to determine the evolution of porosity and the existence of some correlation distances between the nanocolumns constituting the basic elements of the film's nanostructure. It is found that the deposition angle and, to a lesser extent, the film thickness are the most important parameters controlling properties of the thin film. The importance of porosity and some critical dimensions encountered in the investigated GLAD thin films is highlighted in relation to the analysis of their optical properties when utilized as antireflective coatings or as hosts and templates for the development of new composite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lola González-García
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Sevilla (CSIC-Universidade Sevilla), Avenida Américo Vespucio 49, 41092 Sevilla, Spain
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18
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Siozios A, Koutsogeorgis DC, Lidorikis E, Dimitrakopulos GP, Kehagias T, Zoubos H, Komninou P, Cranton WM, Kosmidis C, Patsalas P. Optical encoding by plasmon-based patterning: hard and inorganic materials become photosensitive. NANO LETTERS 2012; 12:259-263. [PMID: 22132841 DOI: 10.1021/nl2034738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The photosensitivity of nanocomposite AlN films with embedded silver nanospheres is reported. It stems from localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPR) whose modulation is photoinduced by laser annealing that induces a combined effect of metallic nanoparticle enlargement and dielectric matrix recrystallization; the photoindunced changes of the refractive index of the matrix result in strong spectral shift of LSPR. We demonstrate the utilization of this process for spectrally selective optical encoding into hard, durable, and chemically inert films.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Siozios
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
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