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Van de Kerckhove K, Barr MKS, Santinacci L, Vereecken PM, Dendooven J, Detavernier C. The transformation behaviour of "alucones", deposited by molecular layer deposition, in nanoporous Al 2O 3 layers. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5860-5870. [PMID: 29649344 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous alumina films can be synthesized from hybrid organic-inorganic "alucone" films deposited by molecular layer deposition (MLD) by wet etching in deionized water or calcination in air at 500 °C. This transformation process was systematically investigated for two alucone chemistries based on ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GL). Ellipsometric porosimetry (EP) was used for the characterization of the porous alumina structures that are formed as a result of the treatments. Etching in deionized water transforms both EG- and GL-alucones into porous alumina with a porosity of about 40%, albeit with a different pore structure: cylindrical pores for EG-alucones and ink-bottle structures for GL-alucones. Calcination in air up to 500 °C only successfully transformed EG-alucones into porous alumina if the chosen heating and cooling rate was lower than 200 °C h-1. Below this ramp rate, a relationship between the resulting porosity and the ramp rate was found. At the lowest investigated ramp rate of 20 °C h-1, the highest porosity of 36% was achieved. For this treatment type, the pore shape was of the ink-bottle type for all investigated ramp rates with narrow 1 nm-sized pores. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the final chemistry of the porous structures was slightly different for both treatments due to trace amounts of carbon left behind by water etching. This suggests that the internal surface of the porous structure has a different termination depending on the chosen treatment. The precise thickness control and conformal nature inherent to MLD combined with the wet and heat treatments enables the coating of complex 3D structures with a porous alumina film with a well-defined thickness and pore structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van de Kerckhove
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Kment S, Riboni F, Pausova S, Wang L, Wang L, Han H, Hubicka Z, Krysa J, Schmuki P, Zboril R. Photoanodes based on TiO2and α-Fe2O3for solar water splitting – superior role of 1D nanoarchitectures and of combined heterostructures. Chem Soc Rev 2017; 46:3716-3769. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00015k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Solar driven photoelectrochemical water splitting represents a promising approach for a sustainable and environmentally friendly production of renewable energy vectors and fuel sources, such as H2.
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Moyen E, Hama A, Ismailova E, Assaud L, Malliaras G, Hanbücken M, Owens RM. Nanostructured conducting polymers for stiffness controlled cell adhesion. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:074001. [PMID: 26790487 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/7/074001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We propose a facile and reproducible method, based on ultra thin porous alumina membranes, to produce cm(2) ordered arrays of nano-pores and nano-pillars on any kind of substrates. In particular our method enables the fabrication of conducting polymers nano-structures, such as poly[3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene]:poly[styrene sulfonate] ( PEDOT PSS). Here, we demonstrate the potential interest of those templates with controlled cell adhesion studies. The triggering of the eventual fate of the cell (proliferation, death, differentiation or migration) is mediated through chemical cues from the adsorbed proteins and physical cues such as surface energy, stiffness and topography. Interestingly, as well as through material properties, stiffness modifications can be induced by nano-topography, the ability of nano-pillars to bend defining an effective stiffness. By controlling the diameter, length, depth and material of the nano-structures, one can possibly tune the effective stiffness of a (nano) structured substrate. First results indicate a possible change in the fate of living cells on such nano-patterned devices, whether they are made of conducting polymer (soft material) or silicon (hard material).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Moyen
- Centre Microélectronique de Provence, Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint Etienne, 880 route de Mimet, F-13541 Gardanne, France. CNRS-Aix-Marseille University, CINaM, F-13288 Marseille, France
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Assaud L, Brazeau N, Barr MKS, Hanbücken M, Ntais S, Baranova EA, Santinacci L. Atomic Layer Deposition of Pd Nanoparticles on TiO₂ Nanotubes for Ethanol Electrooxidation: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24533-42. [PMID: 26477631 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Palladium nanoparticles are grown on TiO2 nanotubes by atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the resulting three-dimensional nanostructured catalysts are studied for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media. The morphology, the crystal structure, and the chemical composition of the Pd particles are fully characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization revealed that the deposition proceeds onto the entire surface of the TiO2 nanotubes leading to the formation of well-defined and highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles. The electrooxidation of ethanol on Pd clusters deposited on TiO2 nanotubes shows not only a direct correlation between the catalytic activity and the particle size but also a steep increase of the response due to the enhancement of the metal-support interaction when the crystal structure of the TiO2 nanotubes is modified by annealing at 450 °C in air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Assaud
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Brazeau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis-Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Margrit Hanbücken
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Spyridon Ntais
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis-Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elena A Baranova
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis-Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lionel Santinacci
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
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Barr MK, Assaud L, Wu Y, Laffon C, Parent P, Bachmann J, Santinacci L. Engineering a three-dimensional, photoelectrochemically active p-NiO / i-Sb 2 S 3 junction by atomic layer deposition. Electrochim Acta 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liao J, Ling Z, Li Y, Hu X. The missing nano-architecture found in the barrier layer of porous anodic alumina. Electrochem commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Zhang H, Tsuchiya T, Liang C, Terabe K. Size-Controlled AgI/Ag Heteronanowires in Highly Ordered Alumina Membranes: Superionic Phase Stabilization and Conductivity. NANO LETTERS 2015; 15:5161-5167. [PMID: 26189765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscaled ionic conductors are crucial for future nanodevices. A well-known ionic conductor, AgI, exhibited conductivity greater than 1 Ω(-1) cm(-1) in α-phase and transformed into poorly conducting β-/γ-phase below 147 °C, thereby limiting applications. Here, we report that transition temperatures both from the β-/γ- to α-phase (Tc↑) and the α- to β-/γ-phase (Tc↓) are tuned by AgI/Ag heteronanowires embedded in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes with 10-30 nm pores. Tc↑ and Tc↓ shift to correspondingly higher and lower temperature as pore size decreases, generating a progressively enlarged thermal hysteresis. Tc↑ and Tc↓ specifically achieve 185 and 52 °C in 10 nm pores, and the final survived conductivity reaches ∼8.3 × 10(-3) Ω(-1) cm(-1) at room temperature. Moreover, the low-temperature stabilizing α-phase (down to 21 °C, the lowest in state of the art temperatures) is reproducible and survives further thermal cycling. The low-temperature phase stabilization and enhancement conductivity reported here suggest promising applications in silver-ion-based future nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemin Zhang
- †International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsuchiya
- †International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Changhao Liang
- ‡Key Laboratory of Materials Physics and Anhui Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Kazuya Terabe
- †International Center for Materials Nanoarchitechtonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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Assaud L, Bochmann S, Christiansen S, Bachmann J. A large electrochemical setup for the anodization of aluminum towards highly ordered arrays of cylindrical nanopores. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:073902. [PMID: 26233394 DOI: 10.1063/1.4926746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A new electrochemical setup and the associated procedures for growing ordered anodic aluminum oxide pore arrays on large surfaces are presented. The typical size of the samples is 14 × 14 cm(2). The most crucial experimental parameters that allow for the stabilization of the high-field procedures are a very efficient cooling of sample and electrolyte, as well as the initial ramping up of the voltage at an accurately defined rate. The morphology of the cylindrical, parallel alumina pores is similar to those obtained on smaller scales with standard setups. Our setup facilitates the availability of porous anodic alumina as a template system for a number of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Assaud
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bochmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silke Christiansen
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Günther-Scharowsky-Strasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany and Helmholtz-Center Berlin (HZB), Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Jiang C, Wu L, Wei W, Dong C, Yao J. The resistive switching memory of CoFe2O4 thin film using nanoporous alumina template. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2014; 9:584. [PMID: 25404869 PMCID: PMC4232846 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-9-584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A novel conductive process for resistive random access memory cells is investigated based on nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide template. Bipolar resistive switching characteristic is clearly observed in CoFe2O4 thin film. Stable and repeatable resistive switching behavior is acquired at the same time. On the basis of conductive filament model, possible generation mechanisms for the resistive switching behaviors are discussed intensively. Besides, the magnetic properties of samples (before and after the annealing process) are characterized, and the distinct changes of magnetic anisotropy and coercive field are detected. The present results provide a new perspective to comprehend the underlying physical origin of the resistive switching effect. PACS 68.37.-d; 73.40.Rw; 73.61.-r.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changjun Jiang
- Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wu
- Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - WenWen Wei
- Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunhui Dong
- Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinli Yao
- Key Lab for Magnetism and Magnetic Materials of the Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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Hwang J, Daiguji H. Ion Transport in Sub-10 nm Nanofluidic Channels: Synthesis, Measurement, and Modeling. Isr J Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lee K, Mazare A, Schmuki P. One-dimensional titanium dioxide nanomaterials: nanotubes. Chem Rev 2014; 114:9385-454. [PMID: 25121734 DOI: 10.1021/cr500061m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 506] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyoung Lee
- Department of Materials Science WW4-LKO, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Martensstrasse 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Ellis BL, Knauth P, Djenizian T. Three-dimensional self-supported metal oxides for advanced energy storage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2014; 26:3368-97. [PMID: 24700719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201306126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The miniaturization of power sources aimed at integration into micro- and nano-electronic devices is a big challenge. To ensure the future development of fully autonomous on-board systems, electrodes based on self-supported 3D nanostructured metal oxides have become increasingly important, and their impact is particularly significant when considering the miniaturization of energy storage systems. This review describes recent advances in the development of self-supported 3D nanostructured metal oxides as electrodes for innovative power sources, particularly Li-ion batteries and electrochemical supercapacitors. Current strategies for the design and morphology control of self-supported electrodes fabricated using template, lithography, anodization and self-organized solution techniques are outlined along with different efforts to improve the storage capacity, rate capability, and cyclability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Ellis
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, LP3 Laboratory, UMR 7341, 13288, Marseille, France
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Assaud L, Monyoncho E, Pitzschel K, Allagui A, Petit M, Hanbücken M, Baranova EA, Santinacci L. 3D-nanoarchitectured Pd/Ni catalysts prepared by atomic layer deposition for the electrooxidation of formic acid. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2014; 5:162-72. [PMID: 24605281 PMCID: PMC3943891 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.5.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensionally (3D) nanoarchitectured palladium/nickel (Pd/Ni) catalysts, which were prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on high-aspect-ratio nanoporous alumina templates are investigated with regard to the electrooxidation of formic acid in an acidic medium (0.5 M H2SO4). Both deposition processes, Ni and Pd, with various mass content ratios have been continuously monitored by using a quartz crystal microbalance. The morphology of the Pd/Ni systems has been studied by electron microscopy and shows a homogeneous deposition of granularly structured Pd onto the Ni substrate. X-ray diffraction analysis performed on Ni and NiO substrates revealed an amorphous structure, while the Pd coating crystallized into a fcc lattice with a preferential orientation along the [220]-direction. Surface chemistry analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed both metallic and oxide contributions for the Ni and Pd deposits. Cyclic voltammetry of the Pd/Ni nanocatalysts revealed that the electrooxidation of HCOOH proceeds through the direct dehydrogenation mechanism with the formation of active intermediates. High catalytic activities are measured for low masses of Pd coatings that were generated by a low number of ALD cycles, probably because of the cluster size effect, electronic interactions between Pd and Ni, or diffusion effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Assaud
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Evans Monyoncho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Kristina Pitzschel
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Anis Allagui
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Matthieu Petit
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Margrit Hanbücken
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Elena A Baranova
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur St., Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lionel Santinacci
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
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Yong X, Zhang LT. Toward generating low-friction nanoengineered surfaces with liquid-vapor interfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2013; 29:12623-12627. [PMID: 24079332 DOI: 10.1021/la402653f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Using molecular dynamics (MD), we investigate the importance of liquid-vapor interface topography in designing low-friction nanoengineered superhydrophobic surfaces. Shear flow is simulated on patterned surfaces. The relationship between the effective slip length and bubble meniscus curvature is attained by generating entrapped bubbles with large protrusion angles on patterned surfaces with nanoholes. We show that protruding bubbles can induce significant friction, which hinders the slip characteristics produced on liquid-vapor interfaces. By comparing surfaces with nanoholes and nanopillars, we also demonstrate that the continuity of the liquid-vapor interface can greatly influence slip. Our MD results yield an asymptotic behavior of slip length with varying gas fractions, which are found to be consistent with observations from simulations and analytical models produced in continuum studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yong
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace & Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute , Troy, New York 12180, United States
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Pashchanka M, Schneider JJ. Uniform contraction of high-aspect-ratio nanochannels in hexagonally patterned anodic alumina films by pulsed voltage oxidation. Electrochem commun 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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17
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Duan C, Wang W, Xie Q. Review article: Fabrication of nanofluidic devices. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:26501. [PMID: 23573176 PMCID: PMC3612116 DOI: 10.1063/1.4794973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to its unique features at the nanoscale, nanofluidics, the study and application of fluid flow in nanochannels/nanopores with at least one characteristic size smaller than 100 nm, has enabled the occurrence of many interesting transport phenomena and has shown great potential in both bio- and energy-related fields. The unprecedented growth of this research field is apparently attributed to the rapid development of micro/nanofabrication techniques. In this review, we summarize recent activities and achievements of nanofabrication for nanofluidic devices, especially those reported in the past four years. Three major nanofabrication strategies, including nanolithography, microelectromechanical system based techniques, and methods using various nanomaterials, are introduced with specific fabrication approaches. Other unconventional fabrication attempts which utilize special polymer properties, various microfabrication failure mechanisms, and macro/microscale machining techniques are also presented. Based on these fabrication techniques, an inclusive guideline for materials and processes selection in the preparation of nanofluidic devices is provided. Finally, technical challenges along with possible opportunities in the present nanofabrication for nanofluidic study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhua Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, 110 Cummington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Pashchanka M, Schneider JJ. Experimental validation of the novel theory explaining self-organization in porous anodic alumina films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:7070-4. [PMID: 23579574 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp50805f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail Pashchanka
- Fachbereich Chemie, Eduard-Zintl-Institut, Fachgebiet Anorganische Chemie, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Iovan A, Fischer M, Lo Conte R, Korenivski V. Sub-10 nm colloidal lithography for circuit-integrated spin-photo-electronic devices. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:884-892. [PMID: 23365801 PMCID: PMC3554416 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.3.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Patterning of materials at sub-10 nm dimensions is at the forefront of nanotechnology and employs techniques of various complexity, efficiency, areal scale, and cost. Colloid-based patterning is known to be capable of producing individual sub-10 nm objects. However, ordered, large-area nano-arrays, fully integrated into photonic or electronic devices have remained a challenging task. In this work, we extend the practice of colloidal lithography to producing large-area sub-10 nm point-contact arrays and demonstrate their circuit integration into spin-photo-electronic devices. The reported nanofabrication method should have broad application areas in nanotechnology as it allows ballistic-injection devices, even for metallic materials with relatively short characteristic relaxation lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Iovan
- Nanostructure Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marco Fischer
- Nanostructure Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roberto Lo Conte
- Nanostructure Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
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