1
|
Hu H, Fehn D, Barr MKS, Harreiss C, Zhao Y, Meyer K, Osvet A, Brabec CJ. Enhanced Photostability of Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Mn 3+ Incorporation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:17946-17953. [PMID: 38512303 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c03356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Recently, lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have shown great potential and have been widely studied in lighting and optoelectronic fields. However, the long-term stability of perovskite NCs under irradiation is an important challenge for their application in practice. Mn2+ dopants are mostly proposed as substitutes for the Pb site in perovskite NCs synthesized through the hot-injection method, with the aim of improving both photo- and thermal stability. In this work, we employed a facile ligand-assisted reprecipitate strategy to introduce Mn ions into perovskite lattice, and the results showed that Mn3+ instead of Mn2+, even with a very low level of incorporation of 0.18 mol % as interstitial dopant, can enhance the photostability of perovskite binder film under the ambient conditions without emission change, and the photoluminescent efficiency can retain 70% and be stable under intensive irradiation for 12 h. Besides, Mn3+ incorporation could prolong the photoluminescent decay time by passivating trap defects and modifying the distortion of the lattice, which underscores the significant potential for application as light emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Hu
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT), Paul-Gordan-Street 6, 91052 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dominik Fehn
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Harreiss
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yicheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), 611731 Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Karsten Meyer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Inorganic Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andres Osvet
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Martensstraße 7, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Erlangen-Nürnberg, Immerwahrstraße 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Stefanovic S, Gheshlaghi N, Zanders D, Kundrata I, Zhao B, Barr MKS, Halik M, Devi A, Bachmann J. Direct-Patterning ZnO Deposition by Atomic-Layer Additive Manufacturing Using a Safe and Economical Precursor. Small 2023; 19:e2301774. [PMID: 37127863 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Area-selective atomic layer deposition (AS-ALD) is a bottom-up nanofabrication method delivering single atoms from a molecular precursor. AS-ALD enables self-aligned fabrication and outperforms lithography in terms of cost, resistance, and equipment prerequisites, but it requires pre-patterned substrates and is limited by insufficient selectivity and finite choice of substrates. These challenges are circumvented by direct patterning with atomic-layer additive manufacturing (ALAM) - a transfer of 3D-printing principles to atomic-layer manufacturing where a precursor supply nozzle enables direct patterning instead of blanket coating. The reduced precursor vapor consumption in ALAM as compared with ALD calls for the use of less volatile precursors by replacing diethylzinc used traditionally in ALD with bis(dimethylaminopropyl)zinc, Zn(DMP)2 . The behavior of this novel ZnO ALAM process follows that of the corresponding ALD in terms of deposit quality and growth characteristics. The temperature window for self-limiting growth of stoichiometric, crystalline material is 200-250 °C. The growth rates are 0.9 Å per cycle in ALD (determined by spectroscopic ellipsometry) and 1.1 Å per pass in ALAM (imaging ellipsometry). The preferential crystal orientation increases with temperature, while energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopic and XPS show that only intermediate temperatures deliver stoichiometric ZnO. A functional thin-film transistor is created from an ALAM-deposited ZnO line and characterized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Stefanovic
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Negar Gheshlaghi
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Zanders
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Ivan Kundrata
- ATLANT 3D Nanosystems ApS Mårkaervej 2, DK-2630 Taastrup, Mårkaervej 2, Taastrup, DK-2630, Denmark
| | - Baolin Zhao
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Organic Materials and Devices, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marcus Halik
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Organic Materials and Devices, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anjana Devi
- Inorganic Materials Chemistry, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44801, Bochum, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- ATLANT 3D Nanosystems ApS Mårkaervej 2, DK-2630 Taastrup, Mårkaervej 2, Taastrup, DK-2630, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hilpert F, Liao PC, Franz E, Koch VM, Fromm L, Topraksal E, Görling A, Smith ASA, Barr MKS, Bachmann J, Brummel O, Libuda J. Mechanistic Insight into Solution-Based Atomic Layer Deposition of CuSCN Provided by In Situ and Ex Situ Methods. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:19536-19544. [PMID: 37017296 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Solution-based atomic layer deposition (sALD) processes enable the preparation of thin films on nanostructured surfaces while controlling the film thickness down to a monolayer and preserving the homogeneity of the film. In sALD, a similar operation principle as in gas-phase ALD is used, however, with a broader range of accessible materials and without requiring expensive vacuum equipment. In this work, a sALD process was developed to prepare CuSCN on a Si substrate using the precursors CuOAc and LiSCN. The film growth was studied by ex situ atomic force microscopy (AFM), analyzed by a neural network (NN) approach, ellipsometry, and a newly developed in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy experiment in combination with density functional theory (DFT). In the self-limiting sALD process, CuSCN grows on top of an initially formed two-dimensional (2D) layer as three-dimensional spherical nanoparticles with an average size of ∼25 nm and a narrow particle size distribution. With increasing cycle number, the particle density increases and larger particles form via Ostwald ripening and coalescence. The film grows preferentially in the β-CuSCN phase. Additionally, a small fraction of the α-CuSCN phase and defect sites form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Hilpert
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pei-Chun Liao
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Evanie Franz
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa M Koch
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lukas Fromm
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ece Topraksal
- PULS Group Physik Department, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Germany Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bos̆ković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ana-Sunc Ana Smith
- PULS Group Physik Department, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Germany Group for Computational Life Sciences, Division of Physical Chemistry, Ruđer Bos̆ković Institute, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials (CTFM), IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Center for Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Barr MKS, Nadiri S, Chen DH, Weidler PG, Bochmann S, Baumgart H, Bachmann J, Redel E. Solution Atomic Layer Deposition of Smooth, Continuous, Crystalline Metal-Organic Framework Thin Films. Chem Mater 2022; 34:9836-9843. [PMID: 36439317 PMCID: PMC9686130 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a procedure has been established for the growth of surface-anchored metal-organic framework (SURMOF) copper(II) benzene-1,4-dicarboxylate (Cu-BDC) thin films of thickness control with single molecule accuracy. For this, we exploit the novel method solution atomic layer deposition (sALD). The sALD growth rate has been determined at 4.5 Å per cycle. The compact and dense SURMOF films grown at room temperature by sALD possess a vastly superior film thickness uniformity than those deposited by conventional solution-based techniques, such as dipping and spraying while featuring clear crystallinity from 100 nm thickness. The highly controlled layer-by-layer growth mechanism of sALD proves crucial to prevent unwanted side reactions such as Ostwald ripening or detrimental island growth, ensuring continuous Cu-BDC film coverage. This successful demonstration of sALD-grown compact continuous Cu-BDC SURMOF films is a paradigm change and provides a key advancement enabling a multitude of applications that require continuous and ultrathin coatings while maintaining tight film thickness specifications, which were previously unattainable with conventional solution-based growth methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maïssa K. S. Barr
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair Chemistry of Thin Film Materials,
IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Soheila Nadiri
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair Chemistry of Thin Film Materials,
IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dong-Hui Chen
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Peter G. Weidler
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bochmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair Chemistry of Thin Film Materials,
IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helmut Baumgart
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, United States
- Applied
Research Center at Jefferson Labs, Newport News, Virginia 23606, United States
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität
Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair Chemistry of Thin Film Materials,
IZNF, Cauerstr. 3, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Engelbert Redel
- Karlsruhe
Institute of Technology, Institute of Functional Interfaces (IFG), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kundrata I, Barr MKS, Tymek S, Döhler D, Hudec B, Brüner P, Vanko G, Precner M, Yokosawa T, Spiecker E, Plakhotnyuk M, Fröhlich K, Bachmann J. Additive Manufacturing in Atomic Layer Processing Mode. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2101546. [PMID: 35277944 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (3D printing) has not been applicable to micro- and nanoscale engineering due to the limited resolution. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a technique for coating large areas with atomic thickness resolution based on tailored surface chemical reactions. Thus, combining the principles of additive manufacturing with ALD could open up a completely new field of manufacturing. Indeed, it is shown that a spatially localized delivery of ALD precursors can generate materials patterns. In this "atomic-layer additive manufacturing" (ALAM), the vertical resolution of the solid structure deposited is about 0.1 nm, whereas the lateral resolution is defined by the microfluidic gas delivery. The ALAM principle is demonstrated by generating lines and patterns of pure, crystalline TiO2 and Pt on planar substrates and conformal coatings of 3D nanostructures. The functional quality of ALAM patterns is exemplified with temperature sensors, which achieve a performance similar to the industry standard. This general method of multimaterial direct patterning is much simpler than standard multistep lithographic microfabrication. It offers process flexibility, saves processing time, investment, materials, waste, and energy. It is envisioned that together with etching, doping, and cleaning performed in a similar local manner, ALAM will create the "atomic-layer advanced manufacturing" family of techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kundrata
- ATLANT 3D Nanosystems, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sarah Tymek
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dirk Döhler
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Boris Hudec
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | | | - Gabriel Vanko
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Marian Precner
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
| | - Tadahiro Yokosawa
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chair of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), IZNF, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Karol Fröhlich
- Institute of Electrical Engineering, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 841 04, Slovakia
- Center for Advanced Materials Application, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, 845 11, Slovakia
| | - Julien Bachmann
- ATLANT 3D Nanosystems, Kongens Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Müssig S, Koch VM, Collados Cuadrado C, Bachmann J, Thommes M, Barr MKS, Mandel K. Spray-Drying and Atomic Layer Deposition: Complementary Tools toward Fully Orthogonal Control of Bulk Composition and Surface Identity of Multifunctional Supraparticles. Small Methods 2022; 6:e2101296. [PMID: 35041268 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202101296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Spray-drying is a scalable process enabling one to assemble freely chosen nanoparticles into supraparticles. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows for controlled thin film deposition of a vast variety of materials including exotic ones that can hardly be synthesized by wet chemical methods. The properties of coated supraparticles are defined not only by the nanoparticle material chosen and the nanostructure adjusted during spray-drying but also by surface functionalities modified by ALD, if ALD is capable of modifying not only the outer surfaces but also surfaces buried inside the porous supraparticle. Simultaneously, surface accessibility in the porous supraparticles must be ensured to make use of all functionalized surfaces. In this work, iron oxide supraparticles are utilized as a model substrate as their magnetic properties enable the use of advanced magnetic characterization methods. Detailed information about the structural evolution upon individual ALD cycles of aluminium oxide, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide are thereby revealed and confirmed by gas sorption analyses. This demonstrates a powerful and versatile approach to freely designing the functionality of future materials by combination of spray-drying and ALD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Müssig
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenNürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vanessa M Koch
- Chair "Chemistry of Thin Film Materials" (CTFM), Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenNürnberg (FAU), IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Carlos Collados Cuadrado
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chair "Chemistry of Thin Film Materials" (CTFM), Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenNürnberg (FAU), IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii pr. 26, Saint Petersburg, 198504, Russian Federation
| | - Matthias Thommes
- Department of Chemical and Bioengineering, Institute of Separation Science and Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstr. 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Chair "Chemistry of Thin Film Materials" (CTFM), Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenNürnberg (FAU), IZNF, Cauerstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl Mandel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Friedrich-Alexander University ErlangenNürnberg (FAU), Egerlandstraße 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research ISC, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Englhard J, Cao Y, Bochmann S, Barr MKS, Cadot S, Quadrelli EA, Bachmann J. Stabilizing an ultrathin MoS 2 layer during electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution with a crystalline SnO 2 underlayer. RSC Adv 2021; 11:17985-17992. [PMID: 34046174 PMCID: PMC8129885 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra00877c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous MoS2 has been investigated abundantly as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution. Not only its performance but also its chemical stability in acidic conditions have been reported widely. However, its adhesion has not been studied systematically in the electrochemical context. The use of MoS2 as a lubricant is not auspicious for this purpose. In this work, we start with a macroporous anodic alumina template as a model support, add an underlayer of SnO2 to provide electrical conduction and adhesion, then provide the catalytically active, amorphous MoS2 material by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The composition, morphology, and crystalline or amorphous character of all layers are confirmed by spectroscopic ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrocatalytic water reduction performance of the macroporous AAO/SnO2/MoS2 electrodes, quantified by voltammetry, steady-state chronoamperometry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, is improved by annealing the SnO2 layer prior to MoS2 deposition. Varying the geometric parameters of the electrode composite yields an optimized performance of 10 mA cm−2 at 0.22 V overpotential, with a catalyst loading of 0.16 mg cm−2. The electrode's stability is contingent on SnO2 crystallinity. Amorphous SnO2 allows for a gradual dewetting of the originally continuous MoS2 layer over wide areas. In stark contrast to this, crystalline SnO2 maintains the continuity of MoS2 until at least 0.3 V overpotential. A molybdenum disulfide coating deposited on a macroporous substrate as an electrocatalyst is mobile on an underlying amorphous tin dioxide substrate, but remains continuous and impervious to acidic conditions on crystalline tin dioxide.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Englhard
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Yuanyuan Cao
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sebastian Bochmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Stéphane Cadot
- C2P2 UMR 5265, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon 43 Bd. du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Elsje Alessandra Quadrelli
- C2P2 UMR 5265, Université de Lyon, Institut de Chimie de Lyon, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, ESCPE Lyon 43 Bd. du 11 Novembre 1918 69616 Villeurbanne France
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany .,Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 St. Petersburg Russia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhuo Y, Tymek S, Sun H, Barr MKS, Santinacci L, Bachmann J. Ordered SnO 2 nanotube arrays of tuneable geometry as a lithium ion battery material with high longevity. Nanoscale Adv 2020; 2:1417-1426. [PMID: 36132320 PMCID: PMC9417633 DOI: 10.1039/c9na00799g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ordered arrays of straight, parallel SnO2 nanotubes are prepared by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on inert 'anodic' aluminum oxide porous membranes serving as templates. Various thicknesses of the SnO2 tube walls and various tube lengths are characterized in terms of morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical identity by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and phase composition by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Their performance as negative electrode ('anode') materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is quantified at different charge and discharge rates in the absence of additives. We find distinct trends and optima for the dependence of initial capacity and long-term stability on the geometric parameters of the nanotube materials. A sample featuring SnO2 tubes of 30 µm length and 10 nm wall thickness achieves after 780 cycles a coulombic efficiency of >99% and a specific capacity of 671 mA h g-1. This value represents 92% of the first-cycle capacity and 86% of the theoretical value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhuo
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Sarah Tymek
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hong Sun
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Aix Marseille Univ., CNRS, CINaM Marseille France
| | | | - Julien Bachmann
- Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, IZNF Cauerstr. 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Saint Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry Universitetskii pr. 26 198504 Saint Petersburg Russian Federation
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Haschke S, Pankin D, Mikhailovskii V, Barr MKS, Both-Engel A, Manshina A, Bachmann J. Nanoporous water oxidation electrodes with a low loading of laser-deposited Ru/C exhibit enhanced corrosion stability. Beilstein J Nanotechnol 2019; 10:157-167. [PMID: 30680288 PMCID: PMC6334789 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
For the oxidation of water to dioxygen, oxide-covered ruthenium metal is known as the most efficient catalyst, however, with limited stability. Herein, we present a strategy for incorporating a Ru/C composite onto a novel nanoporous electrode surface with low noble metal loading and improved stability. The Ru/C is coated on the pore walls of anodic alumina templates in a one-step laser-induced deposition method from Ru3(CO)12 solutions. Scanning electron microscopy proves the presence of a continuous Ru/C layer along the inner pore walls. The amorphous material consists of metallic Ru incorporated in a carbonaceous C matrix as shown by X-ray diffraction combined with Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. These porous electrodes reveal enhanced stability during water oxidation as compared to planar samples at pH 4. Finally, their electrocatalytic performance depends on the geometric parameters and is optimized with 13 μm pore length, which yields 2.6 mA cm-2, or 49 A g-1, at η = 0.20 V.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Haschke
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Chemistry of thin film materials, Egerlandstrasse 3a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dmitrii Pankin
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Center for Optical and Laser Materials Research, Uljanovskaya 5, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Mikhailovskii
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Interdisciplinary Resource Center for Nanotechnology, Uljanovskaya 1, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Chemistry of thin film materials, Egerlandstrasse 3a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adriana Both-Engel
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Chemistry of thin film materials, Egerlandstrasse 3a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Manshina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Chair of Chemistry of thin film materials, Egerlandstrasse 3a, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Saint-Petersburg State University, Institute of Chemistry, Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Schlicht S, Barr MKS, Wu M, Hoppe P, Spiecker E, Peukert W, Bachmann J. Minimization of Catalyst Loading on Regenerative Fuel Cell Positive Electrodes Based on Titanium Felts using Atomic Layer Deposition. ChemElectroChem 2018; 5:3932-3937. [PMID: 30775220 PMCID: PMC6360520 DOI: 10.1002/celc.201801220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
We present the preparation and electrochemical analysis of a novel type of positive regenerative fuel cell electrode based on commercially available Ti felts with a Pt/Ir catalyst. Anodic oxidation of the Ti felts leads to the formation of a TiO2 nanotube layer. The high specific surface area allows for a particularly efficient utilization of the noble metal catalyst. Its loading in the nanoporous system is controlled accurately and minimized systematically by atomic layer deposition. The electrochemical activity towards water splitting of both metals is investigated in acidic media by cyclic voltammetry and steady-state electrolysis for various catalyst loadings. An optimal oxygen evolution reaction is found for a catalyst loading of 76 μg cm-2 resulting in a mass activity of 345 A g-1 at η=0.47 V, whereas the simultaneous presence of Pt at the surface is demonstrated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and by the high activity observed for the hydrogen evolution reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Schlicht
- Departement of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 3a91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Maïssa K. S. Barr
- Departement of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 3a91058ErlangenGermany
| | - Mingjian Wu
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure ResearchFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstraße 691058ErlangenGermany
| | - Paula Hoppe
- Institute of Particle TechnologyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstraße 491058ErlangenGermany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure ResearchFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstraße 691058ErlangenGermany
| | - Wolfgang Peukert
- Institute of Particle TechnologyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergCauerstraße 491058ErlangenGermany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Departement of Chemistry and PharmacyFriedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstrasse 3a91058ErlangenGermany
- Institute of ChemistrySaint-Petersburg State UniversityUniversitetskii pr. 26198504St. PetersburgRussia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gao S, Tang X, Langner S, Osvet A, Harreiß C, Barr MKS, Spiecker E, Bachmann J, Brabec CJ, Forberich K. Time-Resolved Analysis of Dielectric Mirrors for Vapor Sensing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:36398-36406. [PMID: 30264555 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b11434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric mirrors based on bilayers of polystyrene- block-poly(ethylene- ran-butylene)- block-polystyrene (SEBS) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) nanocomposites are fabricated for vapor sensing. When exposed to specific solvent vapor, the layers of dielectric mirrors can gradually swell and cause a red-shift of the reflection band. Because PVA solely responds to water and SEBS is sensitive to several different types of organic solvents, the mirrors can respond to a large variety of solvents. The dual-functional hydrophilic ZrO2 nanoparticles are introduced to not only enlarge the refractive index contrast but also increase the permeability. Time-resolved measurements show that mirrors with nanoparticles have a significantly faster response than those without nanoparticles. Moreover, the dependence on relative humidity is studied for representative solvents, and several types of solvents are selected to show the dependence on the solvent-polymer interaction parameters at typical relative humidity, which allows one to predict the responsivity and selectivity of the sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Gao
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) , Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Erlangen Graduate School in Advanced Optical Technologies (SAOT) , Paul-Gordan-Strasse 6 , 91052 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Stefan Langner
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Andres Osvet
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Christina Harreiß
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Chair of Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 6 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Chair of Chemistry of Thin Film Materials, Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Cauerstrasse 4 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Institute of Chemistry , Saint-Petersburg State University , Universitetskii pr. 26, Petergof , 198504 Saint Petersburg , Russia
| | - Christoph J Brabec
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Bavarian Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE Bayern) , Immerwahrstrasse 2 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Karen Forberich
- Institute of Materials for Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg , Martensstrasse 7 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Van de Kerckhove K, Barr MKS, Santinacci L, Vereecken PM, Dendooven J, Detavernier C. The transformation behaviour of "alucones", deposited by molecular layer deposition, in nanoporous Al 2O 3 layers. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5860-5870. [PMID: 29649344 DOI: 10.1039/c8dt00723c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanoporous alumina films can be synthesized from hybrid organic-inorganic "alucone" films deposited by molecular layer deposition (MLD) by wet etching in deionized water or calcination in air at 500 °C. This transformation process was systematically investigated for two alucone chemistries based on ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol (GL). Ellipsometric porosimetry (EP) was used for the characterization of the porous alumina structures that are formed as a result of the treatments. Etching in deionized water transforms both EG- and GL-alucones into porous alumina with a porosity of about 40%, albeit with a different pore structure: cylindrical pores for EG-alucones and ink-bottle structures for GL-alucones. Calcination in air up to 500 °C only successfully transformed EG-alucones into porous alumina if the chosen heating and cooling rate was lower than 200 °C h-1. Below this ramp rate, a relationship between the resulting porosity and the ramp rate was found. At the lowest investigated ramp rate of 20 °C h-1, the highest porosity of 36% was achieved. For this treatment type, the pore shape was of the ink-bottle type for all investigated ramp rates with narrow 1 nm-sized pores. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the final chemistry of the porous structures was slightly different for both treatments due to trace amounts of carbon left behind by water etching. This suggests that the internal surface of the porous structure has a different termination depending on the chosen treatment. The precise thickness control and conformal nature inherent to MLD combined with the wet and heat treatments enables the coating of complex 3D structures with a porous alumina film with a well-defined thickness and pore structure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Van de Kerckhove
- Department of Solid State Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S1, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Santinacci L, Diouf MW, Barr MKS, Fabre B, Joanny L, Gouttefangeas F, Loget G. Protected Light-Trapping Silicon by a Simple Structuring Process for Sunlight-Assisted Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2016; 8:24810-24818. [PMID: 27575424 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b07350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Macroporous layers are grown onto n-type silicon by successive photoelectrochemical etching in HF-containing solution and chemical etching in KOH. This specific latter treatment gives highly antireflective properties of the Si surface. The duration of the chemical etching is optimized to render the surface as absorbent as possible, and the morphology of the as-grown layer is characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Further functionalization of such structured Si surface is carried out by atomic layer deposition of a thin conformal and homogeneous TiO2 layer that is crystallized by an annealing at 450 °C. This process allows using such surfaces as photoanodes for water oxidation. The 40 nm thick TiO2 film acts indeed as an efficient protective layer against the photocorrosion of the porous Si in KOH, enhances its wettability, and improves the light absorption of the photoelectrode. The macroporous dual-absorber TiO2/Si has a beneficial effect on water oxidation in 1 M KOH and leads to a considerable negative shift of the onset potential of ∼400 mV as well as a 50% increase in photocurrent at 1 V vs SCE.
Collapse
|
14
|
Assaud L, Brazeau N, Barr MKS, Hanbücken M, Ntais S, Baranova EA, Santinacci L. Atomic Layer Deposition of Pd Nanoparticles on TiO₂ Nanotubes for Ethanol Electrooxidation: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:24533-42. [PMID: 26477631 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Palladium nanoparticles are grown on TiO2 nanotubes by atomic layer deposition (ALD), and the resulting three-dimensional nanostructured catalysts are studied for ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media. The morphology, the crystal structure, and the chemical composition of the Pd particles are fully characterized using scanning and transmission electron microscopies, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The characterization revealed that the deposition proceeds onto the entire surface of the TiO2 nanotubes leading to the formation of well-defined and highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles. The electrooxidation of ethanol on Pd clusters deposited on TiO2 nanotubes shows not only a direct correlation between the catalytic activity and the particle size but also a steep increase of the response due to the enhancement of the metal-support interaction when the crystal structure of the TiO2 nanotubes is modified by annealing at 450 °C in air.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Assaud
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Brazeau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis-Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Maïssa K S Barr
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Margrit Hanbücken
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Spyridon Ntais
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis-Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Elena A Baranova
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Catalysis Research and Innovation, University of Ottawa , 161 Louis-Pasteur Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Lionel Santinacci
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, CINaM UMR 7325, 13288, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|