1
|
Huang C, Wu Q, Li X, Pan P, Gu S, Tang T, Wu J. Silicone Bioadhesive with Shear-Stiffening Effect: Rate-Responsive Adhesion Behavior and Wound Dressing Application. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:4510-4522. [PMID: 38877976 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive adhesives with on-demand adhesion capabilities are highly advantageous for facilitating wound healing. However, the triggering conditions of stimuli-responsive adhesives are cumbersome, even though some of them are detrimental to the adhesive and adjacent natural tissues. Herein, a novel stimuli-responsive adhesive called shear-stiffening adhesive (SSA) has been created by constructing a poly(diborosiloxane)-based silicone network for the first time, and SSA exhibits a rate-responsive adhesion behavior. Furthermore, we introduced bactericidal factors (PVP-I) into SSA and applied it as a wound dressing to promote the healing of infected wounds. Impressively, the wound dressing not only has excellent biocompatibility and long-term antibacterial properties but also performs well in accelerating wound healing. Therefore, this study provides a new strategy for the synthesis of intelligent adhesives with force rate response, which simplifies the triggering conditions by the force rate. Thus, SSA has great potential to be applied in wound management as an intelligent bioadhesive with on-demand adhesion performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Xixin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Peiyue Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv D, Li X, Huang X, Cao C, Ai L, Wang X, Ravi SK, Yao X. Microphase-Separated Elastic and Ultrastretchable Ionogel for Reliable Ionic Skin with Multimodal Sensation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309821. [PMID: 37993105 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired artificial skins integrated with reliable human-machine interfaces and stretchable electronic systems have attracted considerable attention. However, the current design faces difficulties in simultaneously achieving satisfactory skin-like mechanical compliance and self-powered multimodal sensing. Here, this work reports a microphase-separated bicontinuous ionogel which possesses skin-like mechanical properties and mimics the multimodal sensing ability of biological skin by ion-driven stimuli-electricity conversion. The ionogel exhibits excellent elasticity and ionic conductivity, high toughness, and ultrastretchability, as well as a Young's modulus similar to that of human skin. Leveraging the ion-polymer interactions enabled selective ion transport, the ionogel can output pulsing or continuous electrical signals in response to diverse stimuli such as strain, touch pressure, and temperature sensitively, demonstrating a unique self-powered multimodal sensing. Furthermore, the ionogel-based I-skin can concurrently sense different stimuli and decouple the variations of the stimuli from the voltage signals with the assistance of a machine-learning model. The ease of fabrication, wide tunability, self-powered multimodal sensing, and the excellent environmental tolerance of the ionogels demonstrate a new strategy in the development of next-generation soft smart mechano-transduction devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong Lv
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Chunyan Cao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Liqing Ai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xuejiao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Sai Kishore Ravi
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xi Yao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518075, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Qiao H, Wu B, Sun S, Wu P. Entropy-Driven Design of Highly Impact-Stiffening Supramolecular Polymer Networks with Salt-Bridge Hydrogen Bonds. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7533-7542. [PMID: 38451015 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Impact-stiffening materials that undergo a strain rate-induced soft-to-rigid transition hold great promise as soft armors in the protection of the human body and equipment. However, current impact-stiffening materials, such as polyborosiloxanes and shear-thickening fluids, often exhibit a limited impact-stiffening response. Herein, we propose a design strategy for fabricating highly impact-stiffening supramolecular polymer networks by leveraging high-entropy-penalty physical interactions. We synthesized a fully biobased supramolecular polymer comprising poly(α-thioctic acid) and arginine clusters, whose chain dynamics are governed by highly specific guanidinium-carboxylate salt-bridge hydrogen bonds. The resulting material exhibits an exceptional impact-stiffening response of ∼2100 times, transitioning from a soft dissipating state (21 kPa, 0.1 Hz) to a highly stiffened glassy state (45.3 MPa, 100 Hz) with increasing strain rates. Moreover, the material's high energy-dissipating and hot-melting properties bring excellent damping performance and easy hybridization with other scaffolds. This entropy-driven approach paves the way for the development of next-generation soft, sustainable, and impact-resistant materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Baohu Wu
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ) Forschungszentrum Jülich, Garching 85748, Germany
| | - Shengtong Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Peiyi Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering & Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Talipova AB, Buranych VV, Savitskaya IS, Bondar OV, Turlybekuly A, Pogrebnjak AD. Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Nanocomposite Materials Based on Bacterial Cellulose and MXene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4067. [PMID: 37896311 PMCID: PMC10610809 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MXene exhibits impressive characteristics, including flexibility, mechanical robustness, the capacity to cleanse liquids like water through MXene membranes, water-attracting nature, and effectiveness against bacteria. Additionally, bacterial cellulose (BC) exhibits remarkable qualities, including mechanical strength, water absorption, porosity, and biodegradability. The central hypothesis posits that the incorporation of both MXene and bacterial cellulose into the material will result in a remarkable synthesis of the attributes inherent to MXene and BC. In layered MXene/BC coatings, the presence of BC serves to separate the MXene layers and enhance the material's integrity through hydrogen bond interactions. This interaction contributes to achieving a high mechanical strength of this film. Introducing cellulose into one layer of multilayer MXene can increase the interlayer space and more efficient use of MXene. Composite materials utilizing MXene and BC have gained significant traction in sensor electronics due to the heightened sensitivity exhibited by these sensors compared to usual ones. Hydrogel wound healing bandages are also fabricated using composite materials based on MXene/BC. It is worth mentioning that MXene/BC composites are used to store energy in supercapacitors. And finally, MXene/BC-based composites have demonstrated high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aizhan B Talipova
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Volodymyr V Buranych
- Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Irina S Savitskaya
- Department of Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Oleksandr V Bondar
- Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
| | - Amanzhol Turlybekuly
- National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
- Aman Technologies, LLP, Astana 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Alexander D Pogrebnjak
- Department of Nanoelectronics and Surface Modification, Sumy State University, 40000 Sumy, Ukraine
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, 917 24 Trnava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zarepour A, Ahmadi S, Rabiee N, Zarrabi A, Iravani S. Self-Healing MXene- and Graphene-Based Composites: Properties and Applications. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:100. [PMID: 37052734 PMCID: PMC10102289 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01074-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Today, self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites have attracted researchers due to the increase in durability as well as the cost reduction in long-time applications. Different studies have focused on designing novel self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites with enhanced sensitivity, stretchability, and flexibility as well as improved electrical conductivity, healing efficacy, mechanical properties, and energy conversion efficacy. These composites with self-healing properties can be employed in the field of wearable sensors, supercapacitors, anticorrosive coatings, electromagnetic interference shielding, electronic-skin, soft robotics, etc. However, it appears that more explorations are still needed to achieve composites with excellent arbitrary shape adaptability, suitable adhesiveness, ideal durability, high stretchability, immediate self-healing responsibility, and outstanding electromagnetic features. Besides, optimizing reaction/synthesis conditions and finding suitable strategies for functionalization/modification are crucial aspects that should be comprehensively investigated. MXenes and graphene exhibited superior electrochemical properties with abundant surface terminations and great surface area, which are important to evolve biomedical and sensing applications. However, flexibility and stretchability are important criteria that need to be improved for their future applications. Herein, the most recent advancements pertaining to the applications and properties of self-healing graphene- and MXene-based composites are deliberated, focusing on crucial challenges and future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Sepideh Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19857-17443, Iran
| | - Navid Rabiee
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, 6150, Australia.
- School of Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, 34396, Istanbul, Türkiye.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Esfahān, 81746-73461, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhou Y, Li L, Han Z, Li Q, He J, Wang Q. Self-Healing Polymers for Electronics and Energy Devices. Chem Rev 2023; 123:558-612. [PMID: 36260027 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymers are extensively exploited as active materials in a variety of electronics and energy devices because of their tailorable electrical properties, mechanical flexibility, facile processability, and they are lightweight. The polymer devices integrated with self-healing ability offer enhanced reliability, durability, and sustainability. In this Review, we provide an update on the major advancements in the applications of self-healing polymers in the devices, including energy devices, electronic components, optoelectronics, and dielectrics. The differences in fundamental mechanisms and healing strategies between mechanical fracture and electrical breakdown of polymers are underlined. The key concepts of self-healing polymer devices for repairing mechanical integrity and restoring their functions and device performance in response to mechanical and electrical damage are outlined. The advantages and limitations of the current approaches to self-healing polymer devices are systematically summarized. Challenges and future research opportunities are highlighted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Li Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Zhubing Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Qi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinliang He
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cui H, Jing Q, Li D, Zhuang T, Gao Y, Ran X. Study on the high‐temperature damping properties of silicone rubber modified by boron‐terminated polysiloxane. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Cui
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Qian Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Tingting Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Yixing Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| | - Xianghai Ran
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Notch-insensitive, underwater adhesive, and self-healing ionic skins. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
9
|
Zhou H, Jiao P, Lin Y. Emerging Deep-Sea Smart Composites: Advent, Performance, and Future Trends. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:6469. [PMID: 36143780 PMCID: PMC9502296 DOI: 10.3390/ma15186469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To solve the global shortage of land and offshore resources, the development of deep-sea resources has become a popular topic in recent decades. Deep-sea composites are widely used materials in abyssal resources extraction, and corresponding marine exploration vehicles and monitoring devices for deep-sea engineering. This article firstly reviews the existing research results and limitations of marine composites and equipment or devices used for resource extraction. By combining the research progress of smart composites, deep-sea smart composite materials with the three characteristics of self-diagnosis, self-healing, and self-powered are proposed and relevant studies are summarized. Finally, the review summarizes research challenges for the materials, and looks forward to the development of new composites and their practical application in conjunction with the progress of composites disciplines and AI techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyi Zhou
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Pengcheng Jiao
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yingtien Lin
- Institute of Port, Coastal and Offshore Engineering, Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
- Engineering Research Center of Oceanic Sensing Technology and Equipment of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Menendez G, Kynaston T, Villar-Garcia IJ, Gao M, Evans SL, Rocha VG. Enabling water-based processing of graphene/alumina composites using an infiltration approach with amphiphilic triblock copolymers. Ann Ital Chir 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2022.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
|
11
|
A nanosheets-polyborosiloxane composite impregnated with shorter hydrogen-bonding clusters achieves combination of self-healing, shapeability and high-barrier properties. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
12
|
Interplay of Crosslinking Structures and Segmental Dynamics in Solid-Liquid Elastomers. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
13
|
Milkin P, Danzer M, Ionov L. Self-Healing and Electrical Properties of Viscoelastic Polymer-Carbon Blends. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200307. [PMID: 35511792 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Self-healing polymer-carbon composites are seen as promising materials for future electronic devices, which must be able to restore not only their structural integrity but also electrical performance after cracking and wear. Despite multiple reports about self-healing conductive elements, there is a lack of a broad fundamental understanding of correlation between viscoelasticity of such composites, their electrical properties, and self-healing of their mechanical as well as electrical properties. Here we report thorough investigation of electromechanical properties of blends of carbon black as conductive filler and viscoelastic polymers (polydimethylsiloxanes and polyborosiloxane) with different relaxation times as matrices. We show that behavior of composites depends strongly on the viscoelastic properties of polymers. Low molecular polymer composite possesses high conductivity due to strong filler network formation, quick electrical and mechanical properties restoration, but for this we sacrifice the ability to flow and ductility at large deformation (material is brittle). In contrary, high relaxation time polymer composite behaves elastically on small time and flows at large time scale due to weak filler network and can heal. However, the electrical properties are worse than that of carbon and viscous polymer and degrade with time. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Milkin
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Danzer
- Chair of Electrical Energy Systems, University of Bayreuth, Universistätsstr. 30, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Leonid Ionov
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Ludwig Thoma Str. 36A, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany.,Bavarian Polymer Institute, University of Bayreuth, 95447, Bayreuth, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Nie B, Liu S, Qu Q, Zhang Y, Zhao M, Liu J. Bio-inspired flexible electronics for smart E-skin. Acta Biomater 2022; 139:280-295. [PMID: 34157454 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
"Learning from nature" provides endless inspiration for scientists to invent new materials and devices. Here, we review state-of-the-art technologies in flexible electronics, with a focus on bio-inspired smart skins. This review focuses on the development of E-skin for sensing a variety of parameters such as mechanical loads, temperature, light, and biochemical cues, with a trend of increased integration of multiple functions. It highlights the most recent advances in flexible electronics inspired by animals such as chameleons, squids, and octopi whose bodies have remarkable camouflage, mimicry, or self-healing attributes. Implantable devices, being overlapped with smart E-skin in a broad sense, are included in this review. This review outlines the remaining challenges in flexible electronics and the prospects for future development for biomedical applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This article reviews the state-of-the-art technologies of bio-inspired smart electronic skin (E-skin) developed in a "learning-mimicking-creating" (LMC) cycle. We emphasize the most recent innovations in the development of E-skin for sensing physical changes and biochemical cues, and for integrating multiple sensing modalities. We discuss the achievements in implantable materials, wireless communication, and device design pertaining to implantable flexible electronics. This review will provide prospective insights integrating material, electronics, and mechanical engineering viewpoints to foster new ideas for next-generation smart E-skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqing Nie
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Sidi Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Qing Qu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yiqiu Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Mengying Zhao
- School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mechanical sensors based on two-dimensional materials: Sensing mechanisms, structural designs and wearable applications. iScience 2022; 25:103728. [PMID: 35072014 PMCID: PMC8762477 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with bulk materials, atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) crystals possess a range of unique mechanical properties, including relatively high in-plane stiffness and large bending flexibility. The atomic 2D building blocks can be reassembled into precisely designed heterogeneous composite structures of various geometries with customized mechanical sensing behaviors. Due to their small specific density, high flexibility, and environmental adaptability, mechanical sensors based on 2D materials can conform to soft and curved surfaces, thus providing suitable solutions for functional applications in future wearable devices. In this review, we summarize the latest developments in mechanical sensors based on 2D materials from the perspective of function-oriented applications. First, typical mechanical sensing mechanisms are introduced. Second, we attempt to establish a correspondence between typical structure designs and the performance/multi-functions of the devices. Afterward, several particularly promising areas for potential applications are discussed, following which we present perspectives on current challenges and future opportunities
Collapse
|
16
|
Liu B, Zhang X, Zhang Q, Sun Y, Lu Z. Highly sensitive detection of polyborosiloxane (PBS) hydrolysis with mannitol using electrochemical methodology. RSC Adv 2022; 12:31168-31172. [DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The change in current in the solution was detected with high sensitivity by applying an electrochemical methodology that showed the hydrolysis of PBSs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoliang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyang Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Qikun Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Sun
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zaijun Lu
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Islam M, Lantada AD, Mager D, Korvink JG. Carbon-Based Materials for Articular Tissue Engineering: From Innovative Scaffolding Materials toward Engineered Living Carbon. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2101834. [PMID: 34601815 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202101834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carbon materials constitute a growing family of high-performance materials immersed in ongoing scientific technological revolutions. Their biochemical properties are interesting for a wide set of healthcare applications and their biomechanical performance, which can be modulated to mimic most human tissues, make them remarkable candidates for tissue repair and regeneration, especially for articular problems and osteochondral defects involving diverse tissues with very different morphologies and properties. However, more systematic approaches to the engineering design of carbon-based cell niches and scaffolds are needed and relevant challenges should still be overcome through extensive and collaborative research. In consequence, this study presents a comprehensive description of carbon materials and an explanation of their benefits for regenerative medicine, focusing on their rising impact in the area of osteochondral and articular repair and regeneration. Once the state-of-the-art is illustrated, innovative design and fabrication strategies for artificially recreating the cellular microenvironment within complex articular structures are discussed. Together with these modern design and fabrication approaches, current challenges, and research trends for reaching patients and creating social and economic impacts are examined. In a closing perspective, the engineering of living carbon materials is also presented for the first time and the related fundamental breakthroughs ahead are clarified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monsur Islam
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure Technology Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Andrés Díaz Lantada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Universidad Politécnica de Madrid José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 Madrid 28006 Spain
| | - Dario Mager
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure Technology Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| | - Jan G. Korvink
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Microstructure Technology Hermann‐von‐Helmholtz‐Platz 1 Eggenstein‐Leopoldshafen 76344 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yu J, Gao N, Xie X, Xin X, Li Z, Chen S, Xu J. Thermally driven self‐healing
PEDOT
conductive films relying on reversible and multiple
Diels–Alder
interaction. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Yu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Nan Gao
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Xiaowen Xie
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Xing Xin
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Zhanqi Li
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang China
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Waterborne Coatings Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute and School of Pharmacy Jiangxi Science & Technology Normal University Nanchang China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
George Thuruthel T, Bosman AW, Hughes J, Iida F. Soft Self-Healing Fluidic Tactile Sensors with Damage Detection and Localization Abilities. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248284. [PMID: 34960380 PMCID: PMC8706411 DOI: 10.3390/s21248284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Self-healing sensors have the potential to increase the lifespan of existing sensing technologies, especially in soft robotic and wearable applications. Furthermore, they could bestow additional functionality to the sensing system because of their self-healing ability. This paper presents the design for a self-healing sensor that can be used for damage detection and localization in a continuous manner. The soft sensor can recover full functionality almost instantaneously at room temperature, making the healing process fully autonomous. The working principle of the sensor is based on the measurement of air pressure inside enclosed chambers, making the fabrication and the modeling of the sensors easy. We characterize the force sensing abilities of the proposed sensor and perform damage detection and localization over a one-dimensional and two-dimensional surface using multilateration techniques. The proposed solution is highly scalable, easy-to-build, cheap and even applicable for multi-damage detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas George Thuruthel
- Bio-Inspired Robotics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK; (J.H.); (F.I.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Anton W. Bosman
- SupraPolix BV, Horsten 1, 5612 AX Eindhoven, The Netherlands;
| | - Josie Hughes
- Bio-Inspired Robotics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK; (J.H.); (F.I.)
| | - Fumiya Iida
- Bio-Inspired Robotics Laboratory, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PZ, UK; (J.H.); (F.I.)
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin X, Li F, Bing Y, Fei T, Liu S, Zhao H, Zhang T. Biocompatible Multifunctional E-Skins with Excellent Self-Healing Ability Enabled by Clean and Scalable Fabrication. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:200. [PMID: 34550499 PMCID: PMC8458512 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Electronic skins (e-skins) with an excellent sensing performance have been widely developed over the last few decades. However, wearability, biocompatibility, environmental friendliness and scalability have become new limitations. Self-healing ability can improve the long-term robustness and reliability of e-skins. However, self-healing ability and integration are hardly balanced in classical structures of self-healable devices. Here, cellulose nanofiber/poly(vinyl alcohol) (CNF/PVA), a biocompatible moisture-inspired self-healable composite, was applied both as the binder in functional layers and the substrate. Various functional layers comprising particular carbon materials and CNF/PVA were patterned on the substrate. A planar structure was beneficial for integration, and the active self-healing ability of the functional layers endowed self-healed e-skins with a higher toughness. Water served as both the only solvent throughout the fabrication process and the trigger of the self-healing process, which avoids the pollution and bioincompatibility caused by the application of noxious additives. Our e-skins could achieve real-time monitoring of whole-body physiological signals and environmental temperature and humidity. Cross-interference between different external stimuli was suppressed through reasonable material selection and structural design. Combined with conventional electronics, data could be transmitted to a nearby smartphone for post-processing. This work provides a previously unexplored strategy for multifunctional e-skins with an excellent practicality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuzhu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Bing
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Fei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Sen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongran Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| | - Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
“Solid-Liquid” Vitrimers Based on Dynamic Boronic Ester Networks. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-021-2592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
22
|
Tan YJ, Susanto GJ, Anwar Ali HP, Tee BCK. Progress and Roadmap for Intelligent Self-Healing Materials in Autonomous Robotics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2002800. [PMID: 33346389 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Robots are increasingly assisting humans in performing various tasks. Like special agents with elite skills, they can venture to distant locations and adverse environments, such as the deep sea and outer space. Micro/nanobots can also act as intrabody agents for healthcare applications. Self-healing materials that can autonomously perform repair functions are useful to address the unpredictability of the environment and the increasing drive toward the autonomous operation. Having self-healable robotic materials can potentially reduce costs, electronic wastes, and improve a robot endowed with such materials longevity. This review aims to serve as a roadmap driven by past advances and inspire future cross-disciplinary research in robotic materials and electronics. By first charting the history of self-healing materials, new avenues are provided to classify the various self-healing materials proposed over several decades. The materials and strategies for self-healing in robotics and stretchable electronics are also reviewed and discussed. It is believed that this article encourages further innovation in this exciting and emerging branch in robotics interfacing with material science and electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jun Tan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
| | - Glenys Jocelin Susanto
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Hashina Parveen Anwar Ali
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
- Institute of Innovation in Health Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117599, Singapore
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- N.1 Institute of Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qu P, Lv C, Qi Y, Bai L, Zheng J. A Highly Stretchable, Self-Healing Elastomer with Rate Sensing Capability Based on a Dynamic Dual Network. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:9043-9052. [PMID: 33566569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flexible sensing materials have attracted tremendous attention in recent years because of their potential applications in the fields of health monitoring, artificial intelligence, and so on. However, the preparation of rate sensing materials with self-healing performance is always a huge challenge. Herein, we first report the design and synthesis of a highly stretchable, recyclable, self-healing polysiloxane elastomer with rate sensing capability. The elastomer is composed of a dynamic dual network with boron/oxygen dative bonds and hydrogen bonds, which overcomes the structural instability of conventional solid-liquid materials. It exhibits certain adhesion, satisfactory mechanical robustness, and superior elongation at break (up to 1171%). After heating treatment at 80 °C for 2-4 h, the mechanical properties of damaged materials can be almost completely restored. Because of the "solid-liquid" property of the elastomer, it has irreplaceable functions which can sense different rates by resistance change after blending with multiwalled carbon nanotubes, principally in the range of 10 mm/min-150 mm/min. Especially, this rate sensing elastomer can be personalized by 3D printing at room temperature. This rate sensing strategy coupled with the introduction of dynamic dual-network structure is expected to help design advanced wearable devices for human rhythmic movement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peiyao Qu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chi Lv
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhao Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Bai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Zheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Qi D, Zhang K, Tian G, Jiang B, Huang Y. Stretchable Electronics Based on PDMS Substrates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2003155. [PMID: 32830370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics, which can retain their functions under stretching, have attracted great interest in recent decades. Elastic substrates, which bear the applied strain and regulate the strain distribution in circuits, are indispensable components in stretchable electronics. Moreover, the self-healing property of the substrate is a premise to endow stretchable electronics with the same characteristics, so the device may recover from failure resulting from large and frequent deformations. Therefore, the properties of the elastic substrate are crucial to the overall performance of stretchable devices. Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is widely used as the substrate material for stretchable electronics, not only because of its advantages, which include stable chemical properties, good thermal stability, transparency, and biological compatibility, but also because of its capability of attaining designer functionalities via surface modification and bulk property tailoring. Herein, the strategies for fabricating stretchable electronics on PDMS substrates are summarized, and the influence of the physical and chemical properties of PDMS, including surface chemical status, physical modulus, geometric structures, and self-healing properties, on the performance of stretchable electronics is discussed. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities of stretchable electronics based on PDMS substrates are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dianpeng Qi
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Kuiyuan Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Gongwei Tian
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Bo Jiang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Yudong Huang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zheng N, Xu Y, Zhao Q, Xie T. Dynamic Covalent Polymer Networks: A Molecular Platform for Designing Functions beyond Chemical Recycling and Self-Healing. Chem Rev 2021; 121:1716-1745. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 247] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
- Center for Chemistry of High-Performance and Novel Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou, 310027, People’s Republic of China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 311215, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Al-Qatatsheh A, Morsi Y, Zavabeti A, Zolfagharian A, Salim N, Z. Kouzani A, Mosadegh B, Gharaie S. Blood Pressure Sensors: Materials, Fabrication Methods, Performance Evaluations and Future Perspectives. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E4484. [PMID: 32796604 PMCID: PMC7474433 DOI: 10.3390/s20164484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advancements in materials science and fabrication techniques have contributed to the significant growing attention to a wide variety of sensors for digital healthcare. While the progress in this area is tremendously impressive, few wearable sensors with the capability of real-time blood pressure monitoring are approved for clinical use. One of the key obstacles in the further development of wearable sensors for medical applications is the lack of comprehensive technical evaluation of sensor materials against the expected clinical performance. Here, we present an extensive review and critical analysis of various materials applied in the design and fabrication of wearable sensors. In our unique transdisciplinary approach, we studied the fundamentals of blood pressure and examined its measuring modalities while focusing on their clinical use and sensing principles to identify material functionalities. Then, we carefully reviewed various categories of functional materials utilized in sensor building blocks allowing for comparative analysis of the performance of a wide range of materials throughout the sensor operational-life cycle. Not only this provides essential data to enhance the materials' properties and optimize their performance, but also, it highlights new perspectives and provides suggestions to develop the next generation pressure sensors for clinical use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al-Qatatsheh
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Yosry Morsi
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Ali Zavabeti
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia;
| | - Ali Zolfagharian
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Nisa Salim
- Faculty of Science, Engineering, and Technology (FSET), Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne VIC 3122, Australia; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| | - Bobak Mosadegh
- Dalio Institute of Cardiovascular Imaging, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Saleh Gharaie
- Faculty of Science, Engineering and Built Environment, School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds VIC 3216, Australia; (A.Z.); (A.Z.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Li T, Wang Y, Li S, Liu X, Sun J. Mechanically Robust, Elastic, and Healable Ionogels for Highly Sensitive Ultra-Durable Ionic Skins. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2002706. [PMID: 32589326 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202002706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The fabrication of highly durable skin-mimicking sensors remains challenging because of the unavoidable fatigue and physical damage that sensors are subjected to in practical applications. In this study, ultra-durable ionic skins (I-skins) with excellent healability and high sensitivity are fabricated by impregnating ionic liquids (ILs) into a mechanically robust poly(urea-urethane) (PU) network. The PU network is composed of crystallized poly(ε-caprolactone) and flexible poly(ethylene glycol) that are dynamically cross-linked with hindered urea bonds and hydrogen bonds. Such a design endows the resultant ionogels with high mechanical strength, good elasticity, Young's modulus similar to that of natural skin, and excellent healability. The ionogel-based I-skins exhibit a high sensitivity to a wide range of strains (0.1-300%) and pressures (0.1-20 kPa). Importantly, the I-skins show a highly reproducible electrical response over 10 000 uninterrupted strain cycles. The sensing performance of the I-skins stored in open air for 200 days is almost the same as that of the freshly prepared I-skin. The fractured I-skins can be easily healed by heating at 65 °C that restores their original ultra-durable sensing performance. The long-term durability of the I-skins is attributed to the combination of non-volatility of the ILs, excellent healability, and well-designed mechanical properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yuting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Siheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Yu H, Feng Y, Gao L, Chen C, Zhang Z, Feng W. Self-Healing High Strength and Thermal Conductivity of 3D Graphene/PDMS Composites by the Optimization of Multiple Molecular Interactions. Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huitao Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yiyu Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Long Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Can Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li Y, Zhang S, Hamad N, Kim K, Liu L, Lerond M, Cicoira F. Tailoring the Self-Healing Properties of Conducting Polymer Films. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000146. [PMID: 32567795 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The conducting polymer polyethylenedioxythiophene doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) has received great attention in the field of wearable bioelectronics due to its tunable high electrical conductivity, air stability, ease of processability, biocompatibility, and recently discovered self-healing ability. It has been observed that blending additives with PEDOT:PSS or post-treatment permits the tailoring of intrinsic polymer properties, though their effects on the water-enabled self-healing property have not previously been established. Here, it is demonstrated that the water-enabled healing behavior of conducting polymers is decreased by crosslinkers or by acid post-treatment. Organic dopants of PEDOT have high water swelling ratios and lead to water-enabled healing, while inorganic dopants fail in the healing of PEDOT. The water-enabled healing of two isolated PEDOT:PSS squares with a 5 µm width gap and a thickness less than 1 µm is shown. This work will help pave the way for the further development of conducting polymer-based self-healable bioelectronics and flexible and stretchable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics, California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Natalie Hamad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Kyoungoh Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Leslie Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Michael Lerond
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C3J7, Canada
| | - Fabio Cicoira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, Québec, H3C3J7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Gao Z, Lou Z, Han W, Shen G. A Self-Healable Bifunctional Electronic Skin. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:24339-24347. [PMID: 32369336 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For the mimicry of human skin, one of the challenges is how to detect and recognize different stimulus by electronic device, while still has the ability of skin self-recovery at the same time. Because of the excellent elasticity and flexibility, strong self-healing ability, in this paper, we reported a bifunctional self-healing e-skin with polyurethane (PU) and polyurethane@multiwalled carbon nanotubes (PU@CNT) as the sensing materials by integrating a resistance temperature sensor on top of a capacitive pressure sensor on the same flexible cellulose nanocrystals@carboxylated nitrile rubber@polyethylenimine (CNC@XNBR) substrate. Studies found that each type of sensor exhibited fast and superior response to only the target stimuli. Meanwhile, due to the self-recovery properties of PU and CNC@XNBR, as-fabricated e-skin has the self-healing ability after damage and remains excellent sensitivity to temperature and pressure after healing. A 5 × 5 device array was also fabricated, which can simultaneously image the pressure and temperature distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zheng Lou
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wei Han
- Coherent Light and Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Physics and Technology for Advanced Batteries, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, & Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronic Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ma W, Li Y, Gao S, Cui J, Qu Q, Wang Y, Huang C, Fu G. Self-Healing and Superwettable Nanofibrous Membranes with Excellent Stability toward Multifunctional Applications in Water Purification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23644-23654. [PMID: 32345011 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the complexity of toxic ingredients in practical polluted water, the development of energy- and labor-saving and environmentally friendly multifunctional materials to decontaminate wastewater is of great necessity. Herein, a multifunctional branched poly(ethylenimine) (bPEI) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA)/tungsten oxide/polyacrylonitrile (PP/WO3/PAN) composite membrane was fabricated by the combination of blow spinning and layer-by-layer methods. The incorporated WO3 in generated in hydrophilic PAN fibers by spinning the precursor method, which simultaneously reveals remarkable photodegradation performance towards mimetic organic pollutions and excellent antibacterial activity due to their electron synergetic effect. In addition, the micro/nanoporous structure of the PP/WO3/PAN composite membrane also ensures its good oil-water separation performance. Moreover, the reduction reaction of W atoms in the WO3 network upon solar irradiation endows the membrane with superior heavy metal ion removal capability. Significantly, the membrane exhibits water-enabled self-healing performance due to the coated polyelectrolyte layer. More importantly, the membrane could be easily scaled-up; was free-standing, durable, and biocompatible; and exhibited no additional toxic effect on the surrounding environments. These outstanding properties make the membrane to have significant potential applications in wastewater treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| | - Yuansheng Li
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Gao
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxin Cui
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Qingli Qu
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Technology (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University (SEU), Nanjing 211189, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Electron tunneling of hierarchically structured silver nanosatellite particles for highly conductive healable nanocomposites. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2252. [PMID: 32382034 PMCID: PMC7206115 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Healable conductive materials have received considerable attention. However, their practical applications are impeded by low electrical conductivity and irreversible degradation after breaking/healing cycles. Here we report a highly conductive completely reversible electron tunneling-assisted percolation network of silver nanosatellite particles for putty-like moldable and healable nanocomposites. The densely and uniformly distributed silver nanosatellite particles with a bimodal size distribution are generated by the radical and reactive oxygen species-mediated vigorous etching and reduction reaction of silver flakes using tetrahydrofuran peroxide in a silicone rubber matrix. The close work function match between silicone and silver enables electron tunneling between nanosatellite particles, increasing electrical conductivity by ~5 orders of magnitude (1.02×103 Scm−1) without coalescence of fillers. This results in ~100% electrical healing efficiency after 1000 breaking/healing cycles and stability under water immersion and 6-month exposure to ambient air. The highly conductive moldable nanocomposite may find applications in improvising and healing electrical parts. Self-healable conductive materials are of importance for emerging electronic technologies. Here, Suh et al. report a nanocomposite exhibiting high conductivity facilitated by electron tunneling between silver nanoparticles and its 100% recovery of conductivity after 1000 breaking and healing cycles.
Collapse
|
34
|
Shao G, Hanaor DAH, Shen X, Gurlo A. Freeze Casting: From Low-Dimensional Building Blocks to Aligned Porous Structures-A Review of Novel Materials, Methods, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907176. [PMID: 32163660 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Freeze casting, also known as ice templating, is a particularly versatile technique that has been applied extensively for the fabrication of well-controlled biomimetic porous materials based on ceramics, metals, polymers, biomacromolecules, and carbon nanomaterials, endowing them with novel properties and broadening their applicability. The principles of different directional freeze-casting processes are described and the relationships between processing and structure are examined. Recent progress in freeze-casting assisted assembly of low dimensional building blocks, including graphene and carbon nanotubes, into tailored micro- and macrostructures is then summarized. Emerging trends relating to novel materials as building blocks and novel freeze-cast geometries-beads, fibers, films, complex macrostructures, and nacre-mimetic composites-are presented. Thereafter, the means by which aligned porous structures and nacre mimetic materials obtainable through recently developed freeze-casting techniques and low-dimensional building blocks can facilitate material functionality across multiple fields of application, including energy storage and conversion, environmental remediation, thermal management, and smart materials, are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gaofeng Shao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe/Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Dorian A H Hanaor
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe/Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Aleksander Gurlo
- Fachgebiet Keramische Werkstoffe/Chair of Advanced Ceramic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 40, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lee WJ, Cha SH. Improvement of Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties for Polymethacrylate Derivatives Containing Maleimide Modified Graphene Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E603. [PMID: 32155854 PMCID: PMC7182887 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, a self-healable nanocomposite based on the Diels-Alder reaction is developed. A graphene-based nanofiller is introduced to improve the self-healing efficiency, as well as the mechanical properties of the nanocomposite. Graphene oxide (GO) is modified with maleimide functional groups, and the maleimide-modified GO (mGO) enhanced the compatibility of the polymer matrix and nanofiller. The tensile strength of the nanocomposite containing 0.030 wt% mGO is improved by 172%, compared to that of a polymer film incorporating both furan-functionalized polymer and bismaleimide without any nanofiller. Moreover, maleimide groups of the surface on mGO participate in the Diels-Alder reaction, which improves the self-healing efficiency. The mechanical and self-healing properties are significantly improved by using a small amount of mGO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sang-Ho Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering Kyonggi University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16227, Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Tian Q, Yan W, Li Y, Ho D. Bean Pod-Inspired Ultrasensitive and Self-Healing Pressure Sensor Based on Laser-Induced Graphene and Polystyrene Microsphere Sandwiched Structure. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9710-9717. [PMID: 31992041 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b18873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors are currently at the center stage of wearable electronics. Despite tremendous progress in the recent years, flexible pressure sensors with high sensitivity, high stability, and mechanical robustness are still challenging. In this paper, as inspired by the bean pod structure, a sensor architecture consisting a microspacer core layer of polystyrene (PS) microspheres, sandwiched between two laser-induced graphene/polyurethane (LIG/PU) films, is presented. A flexible and self-healable pressure sensor is prepared, achieving ultrahigh sensitivity, improved linearity, wide sensing range up to 100 kPa, and excellent stability (for over 1000 loading-unloading cycles). Specifically, the pressure sensor achieves high sensitivities of 149, 659, and 2048 kPa-1 for the pressure ranges of 0-1, 1-10, and 10-100 kPa, respectively. Upon three cut-heal cycles at room temperature, severely damaged devices are self-healed and are able to maintain high sensitivity. The sensors have been further verified in stringent applications, such as human arterial pulse monitoring and gait detection. The novel device architecture enabling facile fabrication and high performance paves the way to the scalable production of pressure sensors for human physiological diagnostics and other advanced wearable applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Wenrong Yan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Yuqiao Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong , China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Yoon JH, Kim SM, Eom Y, Koo JM, Cho HW, Lee TJ, Lee KG, Park HJ, Kim YK, Yoo HJ, Hwang SY, Park J, Choi BG. Extremely Fast Self-Healable Bio-Based Supramolecular Polymer for Wearable Real-Time Sweat-Monitoring Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:46165-46175. [PMID: 31774642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sensors with autonomous self-healing properties offer enhanced durability, reliability, and stability. Although numerous self-healing polymers have been attempted, achieving sensors with fast and reversible recovery under ambient conditions with high mechanical toughness remains challenging. Here, a highly sensitive wearable sensor made of a robust bio-based supramolecular polymer that is capable of self-healing via hydrogen bonding is presented. The integration of carbon fiber thread into a self-healing polymer matrix provides a new toolset that can easily be knitted into textile items to fabricate wearable sensors that show impressive self-healing efficiency (>97.0%) after 30 s at room temperature for K+/Na+ sensing. The wearable sweat-sensor system-coupled with a wireless electronic circuit board capable of transferring data to a smart phone-successfully monitors electrolyte ions in human perspiration noninvasively in real time, even in the healed state during indoor exercise. Our smart sensors represent an important advance toward futuristic personalized healthcare applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jo Hee Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kangwon National University , Samcheok , Gangwon-do 25913 , Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Mi Kim
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Ulsan 44429 , Republic of Korea
| | - Youngho Eom
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Ulsan 44429 , Republic of Korea
- Department of Polymer Engineering , Pukyong National University , Busan 48513 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Mo Koo
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Ulsan 44429 , Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Won Cho
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jae Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team , National Nanofab Center , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung G Lee
- Nano-Bio Application Team , National Nanofab Center , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Park
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kangwon National University , Samcheok , Gangwon-do 25913 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Kyun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kangwon National University , Samcheok , Gangwon-do 25913 , Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Joun Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering , Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology , Daejeon 34141 , Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Yeon Hwang
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Ulsan 44429 , Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeyoung Park
- Research Center for Bio-Based Chemistry , Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) , Ulsan 44429 , Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering , University of Science and Technology (UST) , Daejeon 34113 , Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Gill Choi
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Kangwon National University , Samcheok , Gangwon-do 25913 , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Yang JC, Mun J, Kwon SY, Park S, Bao Z, Park S. Electronic Skin: Recent Progress and Future Prospects for Skin-Attachable Devices for Health Monitoring, Robotics, and Prosthetics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1904765. [PMID: 31538370 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201904765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 464] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in electronic skin or e-skin research is broadly reviewed, focusing on technologies needed in three main applications: skin-attachable electronics, robotics, and prosthetics. First, since e-skin will be exposed to prolonged stresses of various kinds and needs to be conformally adhered to irregularly shaped surfaces, materials with intrinsic stretchability and self-healing properties are of great importance. Second, tactile sensing capability such as the detection of pressure, strain, slip, force vector, and temperature are important for health monitoring in skin attachable devices, and to enable object manipulation and detection of surrounding environment for robotics and prosthetics. For skin attachable devices, chemical and electrophysiological sensing and wireless signal communication are of high significance to fully gauge the state of health of users and to ensure user comfort. For robotics and prosthetics, large-area integration on 3D surfaces in a facile and scalable manner is critical. Furthermore, new signal processing strategies using neuromorphic devices are needed to efficiently process tactile information in a parallel and low power manner. For prosthetics, neural interfacing electrodes are of high importance. These topics are discussed, focusing on progress, current challenges, and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chang Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewan Mun
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA
| | - Se Young Kwon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongjun Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cai Y, Chen D, Li N, Xu Q, Li H, He J, Lu J. Self-Healing Graphene-Reinforced Composite for Highly Efficient Oil/Water Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13950-13957. [PMID: 31600448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most pervasive environmental problems is oily sewage; emerging materials are needed that could effectively solve this global challenge. Special wetting materials typically combine micro/nanoscale hierarchical structures with a low surface energy, which could produce superhydrophobic performance and these superhydrophobic materials are very important for a wide variety of applications, including self-cleaning and antiadhesives. However, the majority of these manmade materials still suffer from poor durability, which seriously hinders their practical applications. A better choice is that use of supramolecular materials with self-healing ability, which could provide an efficient method to solve materials poor durability problem. However, lightweight materials with special wettbility and self-healing still remain a challenge. In this work, we confine polyborosiloxane (PBS) in an ultralight graphene network to form a robust, special function graphene foam that has the ability to self-repair. Hydroxyl terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) and boric acid as the as raw material were used to synthesis PBS at room temperature. The as-prepared composite network could be compressed and their properties fully restored without an external stimulus after being subjected to repeated damage. In addition, the prepared composite foam retains the porosity of the original graphene foam. The present work suggests encouraging applications of the self-healing graphene/PBS foam in water/organic solvent separations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yahui Cai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Dongyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Najun Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Qingfeng Xu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Jinghui He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| | - Jianmei Lu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology , Soochow University , Suzhou 215123 , China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Chen Y, Pu X, Liu M, Kuang S, Zhang P, Hua Q, Cong Z, Guo W, Hu W, Wang ZL. Shape-Adaptive, Self-Healable Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Enhanced Performances by Soft Solid-Solid Contact Electrification. ACS NANO 2019; 13:8936-8945. [PMID: 31260619 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The viable application of soft electronics/robotics relies on the development of power devices which are desired to be flexible, deformable, or even self-healable. We report here a shape-adaptive, self-healable triboelectric nanogenerator (SS-TENG) for harvesting biomechanical energies. The use of a viscoelastic polymer, normally known as Silly Putty, as the electrification material and as the matrix of a carbon-nanotube-filled composite (CNT-putty) electrode endows the SS-TENG the capability of adapting to arbitrary irregular surfaces and instantaneous healing from mechanical damage (almost completely recovered in 3 min without extra stimuli). Furthermore, the output performances of the SS-TENG have also been significantly improved because (i) the ideal soft contact is achieved at the solid-solid interfaces for more effective contact electrification and (ii) the introduced cation dopants make the putty even more tribo-negative than polytetrafluoroethylene. The SS-TENG can be adhered to any curvy surface, tailored, and reshaped into arbitrary configurations and utilized as a power supply for small electronics, suggesting promising applications in soft electronics/robotics in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanghui Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Institute of Semiconductors , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xiong Pu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Center on Nanoenergy Researh, School of Physical Science and Technology , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Shuangyang Kuang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Qilin Hua
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zifeng Cong
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Weiguo Hu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Center on Nanoenergy Researh, School of Physical Science and Technology , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100083 , China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
- Center on Nanoenergy Researh, School of Physical Science and Technology , Guangxi University , Nanning 530004 , China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta , Georgia 30332 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Wu Q, Xiong H, Peng Y, Yang Y, Kang J, Huang G, Ren X, Wu J. Highly Stretchable and Self-Healing "Solid-Liquid" Elastomer with Strain-Rate Sensing Capability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:19534-19540. [PMID: 31066543 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To mimic the velocity-sensitive ability of the human skin, we fabricate a class of "solid-liquid" elastomers (SLEs) by interpenetrating polyborosiloxane (PBS) with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). PBS forms a dynamic network through boron/oxygen dative bonds, while PDMS is covalently cross-linked to form a permanent network. The permanent network affords a scaffold for the dynamic network, endowing SLEs with high elasticity and structural stability, thereby overcoming the inherent drawbacks such as fluidity and irreversible deformation of conventional solid-liquid materials. Meanwhile, the dissociation and association of the dynamic network is time-dependent. Thus, the modulus of SLEs varies with strain rates, and if the SLEs contain carbon nanotubes, their electric conductivity is also responsive to strain rates. This property can be utilized to fabricate skin-like sensors with the ability to distinguish different contact velocities. Moreover, the dynamic network can dissipate energy and be repaired, leading to the high stretchability and self-healing performance of SLEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Hui Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Jian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Guangsu Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Xiancheng Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering , Sichuan University , Chengdu 610065 , China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chen J, Liu J, Thundat T, Zeng H. Polypyrrole-Doped Conductive Supramolecular Elastomer with Stretchability, Rapid Self-Healing, and Adhesive Property for Flexible Electronic Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:18720-18729. [PMID: 31045346 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b03346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although recent years have witnessed intense efforts and innovations in the design of flexible conductive materials for the development of next-generation electronic devices, it remains a great challenge to integrate multifunctionalities such as stretchability, self-healing, adhesiveness, and sensing capability into one conductive system for practical applications. In this work, for the first time, we have prepared a new electrically conductive elastomer composite that combines all these functionalities by triggering in situ polymerization of pyrrole in a supramolecular polymer matrix cross-linked by multiple hydrogen-bonding 2-ureido-4[1 H]-pyrimidinone (UPy) groups. The polypyrrole (PPy) particles were uniformly dispersed and imparted to the composite desirable conductive properties, while the reversible nature of the dynamic multiple hydrogen bonds in the polymer matrix allowed excellent stretchability, fast self-healing ability, and adhesiveness under ambient condition. The elastomer composite with the incorporation of 7.5 wt % PPy displayed a mechanical strength of 0.72 MPa with an elongation over 300%, where the rapid self-healing of the mechanical and electrical properties was achieved within 5 min. The elastic material also exhibited strong adhesiveness to a broad range of inorganic and organic substrates, and it was further fabricated as a strain sensor for the detection of both large and subtle human motions (i.e., finger bending, pulse beating). The novel PPy-doped conductive elastomer has demonstrated great potential as functional sensors for wearable electronics, which provides a facile and promising approach to the development of various flexible electronic materials with multifunctionalities by combining conductive components with supramolecular polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingsi Chen
- Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Jifang Liu
- Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital , Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510700 , China
| | - Thomas Thundat
- Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
| | - Hongbo Zeng
- Department of Chemical, Materials Engineering , University of Alberta , Edmonton , Alberta T6G 1H9 , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang LM, He Y, Cheng S, Sheng H, Dai K, Zheng WJ, Wang MX, Chen ZS, Chen YM, Suo Z. Self-Healing, Adhesive, and Highly Stretchable Ionogel as a Strain Sensor for Extremely Large Deformation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2019; 15:e1804651. [PMID: 30990971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201804651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fabricating a strain sensor that can detect large deformation over a curved object with a high sensitivity is crucial in wearable electronics, human/machine interfaces, and soft robotics. Herein, an ionogel nanocomposite is presented for this purpose. Tuning the composition of the ionogel nanocomposites allows the attainment of the best features, such as excellent self-healing (>95% healing efficiency), strong adhesion (347.3 N m-1 ), high stretchability (2000%), and more than ten times change in resistance under stretching. Furthermore, the ionogel nanocomposite-based sensor exhibits good reliability and excellent durability after 500 cycles, as well as a large gauge factor of 20 when it is stretched under a strain of 800-1400%. Moreover, the nanocomposite can self-heal under arduous conditions, such as a temperature as low as -20 °C and a temperature as high as 60 °C. All these merits are achieved mainly due to the integration of dynamic metal coordination bonds inside a loosely cross-linked network of ionogel nanocomposite doped with Fe3 O4 nanoparticles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yuan He
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Sibo Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Keren Dai
- ZNDY of Ministerial Key Laboratory, School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wen Jiang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials of Physics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Mei Xiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials of Physics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Zhen Shan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yong Mei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures, School of Aerospace, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Light Chemistry Engineering Education, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhigang Suo
- Kavli Institute for Bionano Science and Technology, John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Yan S, Zhang G, Jiang H, Li F, Zhang L, Xia Y, Wang Z, Wu Y, Li H. Highly Stretchable Room-Temperature Self-Healing Conductors Based on Wrinkled Graphene Films for Flexible Electronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:10736-10744. [PMID: 30801171 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b00274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Flexible conductors are emerging soft materials for diverse electrical applications. However, it still remains a great challenge to fabricate high-performance soft conductors that are highly conductive, largely stretchable, and rapid room-temperature self-healable. Here, we design and fabricate flexible conductive bilayer composite films composed of healable elastomeric substrates and wrinkled graphenes. The elastomeric substrates, obtained by a facile bulk copolymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide and 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, show fast room-temperature self-healing efficiency of up to 96%, imparted by the reversible hydrogen bonds. Importantly, the substrates also display strong interfacial adhesion crucial to the formation of stable bilayer composite films based on a prestrain route. The synergy between self-healing of the substrates and wrinkled structures of graphene is endowed to the composite films for mechanical and electrical healing. By adjusting the prestrain ratio of the substrates, the composite films could display the tunable stretchability, conductivity, and self-healing. The optimal bilayer composite film exhibits a high conductivity of 126 S cm-1, a large stretchability of 300%, and rapid room-temperature self-healing. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the composite films are strain-sensitive and can be used as strain sensors to monitor stretching deformation and human motion. These prominent demonstrations suggest a great potential of the bilayer composite films in next-generation wearable electronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Gongzheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Haoyang Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Feibo Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Zhaoshuo Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Yukai Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| | - Huanjun Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Institute of Technology , Beijing 100081 , P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Flexible and recyclable conductive composite based on few-layered graphene with excellent self-healing capability. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
46
|
Yang Y, Yang M, Zhang S, Lin X, Dang ZM, Wang D. Photoinduced healing of polyolefin dielectrics enabled by surface plasmon resonance of gold nanoparticles. J Appl Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Minhao Yang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Lin
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Min Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Power System, Department of Electrical Engineering; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 People's Republic of China
| | - Dongrui Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; Beijing 100083 People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Tan-Phat Huynh
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Abo Akademi University, Porthaninkatu 3-5, FI-20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Hossam Haick
- The Department of Chemical Engineering, The Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Tan YJ, Wu J, Li H, Tee BCK. Self-Healing Electronic Materials for a Smart and Sustainable Future. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:15331-15345. [PMID: 29668251 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The survivability of living organisms relies critically on their ability to self-heal from damage in unpredictable situations and environmental variability. Such abilities are most important in external facing organs such as the mammalian skin. However, the properties of bulk elemental materials are typically unable to perform self-repair. Consequently, most conventional smart electronic devices today are not designed to repair themselves when damaged. Thus, inspired by the remarkable capability of self-healing in natural systems, smart self-healing materials are being intensively researched to mimic natural systems to have the ability to partially or completely self-repair damages inflicted on them. This exciting area of research could potentially power a sustainable and smart future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jun Tan
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health and Research (BIGHEART) , National University of Singapore , 119077 Singapore
| | - Jiake Wu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Hanying Li
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027 , P. R. China
| | - Benjamin C K Tee
- Biomedical Institute for Global Health and Research (BIGHEART) , National University of Singapore , 119077 Singapore
- Materials Science and Engineering Department , National University of Singapore , 117575 Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering , Agency for Science Technology and Research , 138632 Singapore
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering , National University of Singapore , 117583 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Li J, Liu Q, Ho D, Zhao S, Wu S, Ling L, Han F, Wu X, Zhang G, Sun R, Wong CP. Three-Dimensional Graphene Structure for Healable Flexible Electronics Based on Diels-Alder Chemistry. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:9727-9735. [PMID: 29436214 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics with excellent stretchability and sensitivity have emerged as a very promising field with wide applications such as e-skin and human motion detection. Although three-dimensional (3D) graphene structures (GS) have been reported for high-performance strain sensors, challenges still remain such as the high cost of GS preparation, low stretchability, and the lack of ability to heal itself. In this paper, we reported a novel self-healing flexible electronics with 3D GS based on Diels-Alder (DA) chemistry. Furfurylamine (FA) was employed as a reducing as well as a modifying agent, forming GS by FA (FAGS)/DA bonds contained polyurethane with the "infiltrate-gel-dry" process. The as-prepared composite exhibited excellent stretchability (200%) and intrinsic conductivity with low incorporation of graphene (about 2 wt %), which could be directly employed for flexible electronics to detect human motions. Besides, the FAGS/DAPU composite exhibited lower temperature retro-DA response for the continuous graphene networks. Highly effective healing of the composites by heat and microwave has been demonstrated successfully.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhui Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Derek Ho
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon Hong Kong 999077 , China
| | - Songfang Zhao
- School of Material Science and Engineering , University of Jinan , Jinan 250022 , China
| | - Shuwen Wu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Lei Ling
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Fei Han
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Xinxiu Wu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- Department of Electronic Engineering , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong 999077 , China
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Du Y, Li D, Liu L, Gai G. Recent Achievements of Self-Healing Graphene/Polymer Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E114. [PMID: 30966150 PMCID: PMC6415098 DOI: 10.3390/polym10020114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-healing materials have attracted much attention because that they possess the ability to increase the lifetime of materials and reduce the total cost of systems during the process of long-term use; incorporation of functional material enlarges their applications. Graphene, as a promising additive, has received great attention due to its large specific surface area, ultrahigh conductivity, strong antioxidant characteristics, thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, and good mechanical properties. In this brief review, graphene-containing polymer composites with self-healing properties are summarized including their preparations, self-healing conditions, properties, and applications. In addition, future perspectives of graphene/polymer composites are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongxu Du
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Dong Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Libin Liu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| | - Guangjie Gai
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, China.
| |
Collapse
|