1
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Cai Y, Hou X, Chen W. Enhancing vertically stacked skin display compactness via discrete layer preparation. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:211. [PMID: 39179584 PMCID: PMC11344063 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2024]
Abstract
The discrete preparation of functional layers followed by lamination for all-organic active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes enables an ultrahigh aperture ratio and reliable conformability, promising significant potential for next-generation skin-like displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cai
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiangyu Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore.
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China.
- National University of Singapore (Suzhou) Research Institute, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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2
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Li J, Ni Y, Zhao X, Wang B, Xue C, Bi Z, Zhang C, Dong Y, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Vertically stacked skin-like active-matrix display with ultrahigh aperture ratio. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:177. [PMID: 39060257 PMCID: PMC11282298 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01524-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Vertically stacked all-organic active-matrix organic light-emitting diodes are promising candidates for high-quality skin-like displays due to their high aperture ratio, extreme mechanical flexibility, and low-temperature processing ability. However, these displays suffer from process interferences when interconnecting functional layers made of all-organic materials. To overcome this challenge, we present an innovative integration strategy called "discrete preparation-multilayer lamination" based on microelectronic processes. In this strategy, each functional layer was prepared separately on different substrates to avoid chemical and physical damage caused by process interferences. A single interconnect layer was introduced between each vertically stacked functional layer to ensure mechanical compatibility and interconnection. Compared to the previously reported layer-by-layer preparation method, the proposed method eliminates the need for tedious protection via barrier and pixel-defining layer processing steps. Additionally, based on active-matrix display, this strategy allows multiple pixels to collectively display a pattern of "1" with an aperture ratio of 83%. Moreover, the average mobility of full-photolithographic organic thin-film transistors was 1.04 cm2 V-1 s-1, ensuring stable and uniform displays. This strategy forms the basis for the construction of vertically stacked active-matrix displays, which should facilitate the commercial development of skin-like displays in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntong Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Bin Wang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuang Xue
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Zetong Bi
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Yongjun Dong
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.
| | - Yichun Liu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China
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3
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Xie Z, Liu D, Zhao Z, Gao C, Wang P, Jiang C, Liu X, Zhang X, Ren Z, Yan S, Hu W, Dong H. High Mobility Emissive Excimer Organic Semiconductor Towards Color-Tunable Light-Emitting Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319380. [PMID: 38246876 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) are highly integrated and minimized optoelectronic devices with significant potential superiority in smart displays and optical communications. To realize these various applications, it is urgently needed for color-tunable emission in OLETs, but remains a great challenge as a result of the difficulty for designing organic semiconductors simultaneously integrating high carrier mobility, strong solid-state emission, and the ability for potential tunable colors. Herein, a high mobility emissive excimer organic semiconductor, 2,7-di(2-anthryl)-9H-fluorene (2,7-DAF) was reasonably designed by introducing a rotatable carbon-carbon single bond connecting two anthracene groups at the 2,7-sites of fluorene, and the small torsion angles simultaneously guarantee effective conjugation and suppress fluorescence quenching. Indeed, the unique stable dimer arrangement and herringbone packing mode of 2,7-DAF single crystal enables its superior integrated optoelectronic properties with high carrier mobility of 2.16 cm2 ⋅ V-1 ⋅ s-1 , and strong excimer emission with absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 47.4 %. Furthermore, the voltage-dependent electrically induced color-tunable emission from orange to blue was also demonstrated for an individual 2,7-DAF single crystal based OLETs for the first time. This work opens the door for a new class of high mobility emissive excimer organic semiconductors, and provides a good platform for the study of color-tunable OLETs.
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Grants
- 2022YFB3603800, 2018YFA0703200 Ministry of Science and Technology
- 52233010, 52103245, 61890943, 22021002, 51725304 and 22305252 Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- YSBR-053 Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha
- 2023YFB3609000, 2022YFB3603800, 2018YFA0703200 Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- 52233010, 52103245, 22021002, and 22305252 Natural Science Foundation of China
- YSBR-053 CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research
- BNLMS-CXXM-202012 Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- 2023M733555 China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- GZB20230771 Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pu Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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4
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Miao Z, Gao C, Gao H, Qin Z, Hu W, Dong H. High-Efficiency Area-Emissive White Organic Light-Emitting Transistor for Full-Color Display. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306725. [PMID: 37671626 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
The construction of high-performance white organic light-emitting transistor (OLET) with uniform area emission is crucial for smart display technologies but remains greatly challenging. Herein, high-efficiency uniform area-emissive OLETs based on a unique lateral-integrated device configuration which incorporates efficient energy transfer of phosphorescent and fluorescent guests, enabling color-tunable and white emission, are demonstrated. Through precisely regulating the energy transfer between host and guests, high external quantum efficiency of 13.9% for white-emission OLETs is achieved due to the improved high exciton utilization and light outcoupling efficiency which is the highest value reported so far for OLETs and prevents exciton-charge annihilation and electrode photon losses. Moreover, good loop stability is also achieved, along with effective gate tunability and ultralow driving voltage of below 5 V. Finally, a 4 × 6 white-emission OLET array for full-color display is demonstrated for the first time, suggesting its great potential applications for advanced display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhagen Miao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Aeronautical Materials and Devices, College of Aeronautical Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 251900, P.R. China
| | - Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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5
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Galán-González A, Pander P, MacKenzie RCI, Bowen L, Zeze DA, Borthwick RJ, Thompson RL, Dias FB, Chaudhry MU. Nanostructured Channel for Improving Emission Efficiency of Hybrid Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors. ACS PHOTONICS 2023; 10:4315-4321. [PMID: 38145168 PMCID: PMC10739997 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.3c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
We report on the mechanism of enhancing the luminance and external quantum efficiency (EQE) by developing nanostructured channels in hybrid (organic/inorganic) light-emitting transistors (HLETs) that combine a solution-processed oxide and a polymer heterostructure. The heterostructure comprised two parts: (i) the zinc tin oxide/zinc oxide (ZTO/ZnO), with and without ZnO nanowires (NWs) grown on the top of the ZTO/ZnO stack, as the charge transport layer and (ii) a polymer Super Yellow (SY, also known as PDY-132) layer as the light-emitting layer. Device characterization shows that using NWs significantly improves luminance and EQE (≈1.1% @ 5000 cd m-2) compared to previously reported similar HLET devices that show EQE < 1%. The size and shape of the NWs were controlled through solution concentration and growth time, which also render NWs to have higher crystallinity. Notably, the size of the NWs was found to provide higher escape efficiency for emitted photons while offering lower contact resistance for charge injection, which resulted in the improved optical performance of HLETs. These results represent a significant step forward in enabling efficient and all-solution-processed HLET technology for lighting and display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Galán-González
- Department
of Engineering, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
- Instituto
de Carboquímica (ICB-CSIC), C/ Miguel Luesma Castán 4, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Piotr Pander
- Faculty
of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- Centre
for Organic and Nanohybrid Electronics, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | | | - Leon Bowen
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Dagou A. Zeze
- Department
of Engineering, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Robert J. Borthwick
- Department
of Engineering, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Fernando B. Dias
- Department
of Physics, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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6
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Chiu SW, Hsu A, Ying L, Liaw YK, Lin KT, Ruan J, Samuel IDW, Hsu BBY. Achieving Bright Organic Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors with Sustained Efficiency through Hybrid Contact Design. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37310808 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting field-effect transistors (OLEFETs) with bilayer structures have been widely studied due to their potential to integrate high-mobility organic transistors and efficient organic light-emitting diodes. However, these devices face a major challenge of imbalance charge transport, leading to a severe efficiency roll-off at high brightness. Here, we propose a solution to this challenge by introducing a transparent organic/inorganic hybrid contact with specially designed electronic structures. Our design aims to steadily accumulate the electrons injected into the emissive polymer, allowing the light-emitting interface to effectively capture more holes even when the hole current increases. Our numerical simulations show that the capture efficiency of these steady electrons will dominate charge recombination and lead to a sustained external quantum efficiency of 0.23% over 3 orders of magnitude of brightness (4 to 7700 cd/m2) and current density (1.2 to 2700 mA/cm2) from -4 to -100 V. The same enhancement is retained even after increasing the external quantum efficiency (EQE) to 0.51%. The high and tunable brightness with stable efficiency offered by hybrid-contact OLEFETs makes them ideal light-emitting devices for various applications. These devices have the potential to revolutionize the field of organic electronics by overcoming the fundamental challenge of imbalance charge transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Wei Chiu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - An Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Lei Ying
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Kang Liaw
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ta Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Jrjeng Ruan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9SS, U.K
| | - Ben B Y Hsu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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7
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Pan Z, Liu K, Miao Z, Guo A, Wen W, Liu G, Liu Y, Shi W, Kuang J, Bian Y, Qin M, Zhu M, Zhao Z, Guo Y, Dong H, Liu Y. Van der Waals Multilayer Heterojunction for Low-Voltage Organic RGB Area-Emitting Transistor Array. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209097. [PMID: 36480195 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) have garnered considerable attention from academy and industry due to their potential applications in next-generation display technologies, multifunctional devices, and organic electrically pumped lasers. However, overcoming the trade-offs among power consumption, external quantum efficiency (EQE), and uniform area emission remains a long-standing issue for OLETs. Herein, a van der Waals multilayer heterojunction methodology is proposed to enhance the layer-to-layer interfacial interaction and contact, resulting in better dipole shielding, carrier transport, exciton recombination, and current density distribution. The prepared multilayer heterojunction OLET (MLH-OLET) array shows uniform and bright RGB area emission and low operating voltage (<30 V among the lowest applied voltage of reported lateral LETs). Additionally, a high brightness under area emission of 1060 cd m-2 , a high EQE value of 0.85%, and a high loop stability (over 380 cycles, outperforming state-of-the-art OLETs) indicate that the proposed multilayer heterojunction is obviously superior to the reported lateral device configuration. The van der Waals multilayer heterojunction developed for the preparation of OLET arrays sufficiently meets the low-voltage, high-performance, and low-cost requirements of future display technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Kai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhagen Miao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ankang Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guocai Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanwei Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkang Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Kuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yangshuang Bian
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingcong Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Mingliang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunlong Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Chen Y, Wang H, Luo F, Montes-García V, Liu Z, Samorì P. Nanofloating gate modulated synaptic organic light-emitting transistors for reconfigurable displays. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq4824. [PMID: 36103533 PMCID: PMC9473570 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of postsynaptic current to drive long-lasting luminescence holds a disruptive potential for harnessing the next-generation of smart displays. Multiresponsive long afterglow emission can be achieved by integrating light-emitting polymers in electric spiked transistors trigged by distinct presynaptic signals inputs. Here, we report a highly effective electric spiked long afterglow organic light-emitting transistor (LAOLET), whose operation relies on a nanofloating gate architecture. Long afterglow emission with reconfigurable brightness and retention time is observed upon applying specific positive gate voltage spiked. Conversely, when negative gate voltage stimulus is applied, these LAOLETs function as click-on display. Interestingly, upon endowing the device with force sensing capabilities, it can operate as a long afterglow pressure sensor that emits long-lasting green light subsequently to a controlled extrusion action.
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9
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Gao H, Miao Z, Qin Z, Yang J, Wang T, Gao C, Dong H, Hu W. Redistributed Current Density in Lateral Organic Light-Emitting Transistors Enabling Uniform Area Emission with Good Stability and Arbitrary Tunability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108795. [PMID: 34850999 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), integrating the functions of an organic field-effect transistor (OFET) and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) in a single device, are promising for the next-generation display technology. However, the great challenge of achieving uniform area emission in OLETs with good stability and arbitrary tunability hinders their development in this field. Herein, an effective solution to obtain well-defined area emission in lateral OLETs by incorporating a charge-transport buffer (CTB) layer between the conducting channel and emitting layer is proposed. Comprehensive theoretical simulation and experimental results demonstrate redistributed potential beneath the drain electrode under the shielding effect of the CBT layer, resulting in a highly uniform current density. In this case, uniform recombination of balanced holes and electrons can be guaranteed, which is essential for the formation of area emission in the following OLETs. RGB OLETs with uniform area emission are constructed, which show good gate tunable ability (ON/OFF ratio 106 ), high loop stability (over 200 cycles) and high aperture ratio (over 80%) due to the arbitrary tunability of the device geometry. This work provides a new avenue for constructing area-emission lateral OLETs, which have great potential for display technology because of their good compatibility with conventional fabrication techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haikuo Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Aeronautical Materials and Devices, College of Aeronautical Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 251900, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhagen Miao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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10
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Chen Y, Wang H, Yao Y, Wang Y, Ma C, Samorì P. Synaptic Plasticity Powering Long-Afterglow Organic Light-Emitting Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103369. [PMID: 34369012 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-lasting luminescence in optoelectronic devices is highly sought after for applications in optical data storage and display technology. While in light-emitting diodes this is achieved by exploiting long-afterglow organic materials as active components, such a strategy has never been pursued in light-emitting transistors, which are still rather unexplored and whose technological potential is yet to be demonstrated. Herein, the fabrication of long-afterglow organic light-emitting transistors (LAOLETs) is reported whose operation relies on an unprecedented strategy based on a photoinduced synaptic effect in an inorganic indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) semiconducting channel layer, to power a persistent electroluminescence in organic light-emitting materials. Oxygen vacancies in the IGZO layer, produced by irradiation at λ = 312 nm, free electrons in excess yielding to a channel conductance increase. Due to the slow recombination kinetics of photogenerated electrons to oxygen vacancies in the channel layer, the organic material can be fueled by postsynaptic current and displays a long-lived light-emission (hundreds of seconds) after ceasing UV irradiation. As a proof-of-concept, the LAOLETs are integrated in active-matrix light-emitting arrays operating as visual UV sensors capable of long-lifetime green-light emission in the irradiated regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Chen
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Yifan Yao
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ye Wang
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Chun Ma
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, 8 allée Gaspard Monge, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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11
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Qin Z, Gao H, Dong H, Hu W. Organic Light-Emitting Transistors Entering a New Development Stage. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007149. [PMID: 34021637 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) are possibly the smallest integrated optoelectronic devices that combine the switching and amplification mechanisms of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) and the electroluminescent characteristic of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Such a unique architecture of OLETs makes them ideal for developing the next-generation display technology and electrically pumped lasers for miniaturized photonic devices and circuits. However, the development of OLETs has been slow. Recently, some exciting progress has been made with breakthroughs in high mobility emissive organic semiconductors, construction of high-performance OLETs, and fabrication of novel multifunctional OLETs. This recent slew of advances may represent the advent of a new development stage of OLETs and their related devices and circuits. In this paper, a detailed review of these fantastic advances is presented, with a special focus on the key points for developing high-performance OLETs. Finally, a brief conclusion is provided with a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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12
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Soldano C. Engineering Dielectric Materials for High-Performance Organic Light Emitting Transistors (OLETs). MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:3756. [PMID: 34279327 PMCID: PMC8269812 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Organic light emitting transistors (OLETs) represent a relatively new technology platform in the field of optoelectronics. An OLET is a device with a two-fold functionality since it behaves as a thin-film transistor and at the same time can generate light under appropriate bias conditions. This Review focuses mainly on one of the building blocks of such device, namely the gate dielectrics, and how it is possible to engineer it to improve device properties and performances. While many findings on gate dielectrics can be easily applied to organic light emitting transistors, we here concentrate on how this layer can be exploited and engineered as an active tool for light manipulation in this novel class of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Soldano
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, 02150 Espoo, Finland
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13
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Chen H, Huang W, Marks TJ, Facchetti A, Meng H. Recent Advances in Multi-Layer Light-Emitting Heterostructure Transistors. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2007661. [PMID: 33660408 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202007661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light-emitting transistors (LETs) have attracted tremendous academic and industrial interest due to their dual functions of electrical switching and light emission in a single device, which can considerably reduce system complexity and manufacturing costs, especially in the area of flat panel and flexible displays as well as lighting and lasers. In recent years, enhanced LET performance has been achieved by introducing multiple-layer heterostructures in the charge-carrying/light-emitting LET channel versus the best-reported performance in single active layer LETs, rendering multi-layer LETs promising candidates for next-generation display technologies. In this review, the fundamental structures and working principles of multi-layer heterostructure LETs are introduced. Next, developments in multi-layer LETs are discussed based on co-planar LETs, non-planar LETs, and vertical LETs including organic, quantum dot, and perovskite light emitters. Finally, this review concludes with a summary and a perspective on the future of this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Chen
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tobin J Marks
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antonio Facchetti
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Flexterra Corporation, 8025 Lamon Avenue, Skokie, IL, 60077, USA
| | - Hong Meng
- School of Advanced Materials, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 2199 Lishui Road, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China
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Acar G, Iqbal MJ, Chaudhry MU. Large Area Emission in p-Type Polymer-Based Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors by Incorporating Charge Injection Interlayers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040901. [PMID: 33672810 PMCID: PMC7917658 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting field-effect transistors (LEFETs) provide the possibility of simplifying the display pixilation design as they integrate the drive-transistor and the light emission in a single architecture. However, in p-type LEFETs, simultaneously achieving higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) at higher brightness, larger and stable emission area, and high switching speed are the limiting factors for to realise their applications. Herein, we present a p-type polymer heterostructure-based LEFET architecture with electron and hole injection interlayers to improve the charge injection into the light-emitting layer, which leads to better recombination. This device structure provides access to hole mobility of ~2.1 cm2 V−1 s−1 and EQE of 1.6% at a luminance of 2600 cd m−2. Most importantly, we observed a large area emission under the entire drain electrode, which was spatially stable (emission area is not dependent on the gate voltage and current density). These results show an important advancement in polymer-based LEFET technology toward realizing new digital display applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Acar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey;
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, South Rd, Durham DH13LE, UK
| | - Muhammad Javaid Iqbal
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Mujeeb Ullah Chaudhry
- Department of Engineering, Durham University, South Rd, Durham DH13LE, UK
- Correspondence:
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15
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Qin Z, Gao H, Liu J, Zhou K, Li J, Dang Y, Huang L, Deng H, Zhang X, Dong H, Hu W. High-Efficiency Single-Component Organic Light-Emitting Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1903175. [PMID: 31379034 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201903175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Construction of high-performance organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) remains challenging due to the limited desired organic semiconductor materials. Here, two superior high mobility emissive organic semiconductors, 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and 2,6-di(2-naphthyl) anthracene (dNaAnt), are introduced into the construction of OLETs. By optimizing the device geometry for balanced ambipolar efficient charge transport and using high-quality DPA and dNaAnt single crystals as active layers, high-efficiency single-component OLETs are successfully fabricated, with the demonstration of strong and spatially controlled light emission within both p- and n- conducting channels and output of high external quantum efficiency (EQE). The obtained EQE values in current devices are approaching 1.61% for DPA-OLETs and 1.75% for dNaAnt-based OLETs, respectively, which are the highest EQE values for single-component OLETs in the common device configuration reported so far. Moreover, high brightnesses of 1210 and 3180 cd m-2 with current densities up to 1.3 and 8.4 kA cm-2 are also achieved for DPA- and dNaAnt-based OLETs, respectively. These results demonstrate the great potential applications of high mobility emissive organic semiconductors for next-generation rapid development of high-performance single-component OLETs and their related organic integrated electro-optical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Haikuo Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jie Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Yangyang Dang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Le Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huixiong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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16
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Full-surface emission of graphene-based vertical-type organic light-emitting transistors with high on/off contrast ratios and enhanced efficiencies. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6328. [PMID: 31004102 PMCID: PMC6474894 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-emitting organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) could well be a core element in the next generation of active-matrix (AM) displays. We report some of the key characteristics of graphene-based vertical-type organic light-emitting transistors (Gr-VOLETs) composed of a single-layer graphene source and an emissive channel layer. It is shown that FeCl3 doping of the graphene source results in a significant improvement in the device performance of Gr-VOLETs. Using the FeCl3-doped graphene source, it is demonstrated that the full-surface electroluminescent emission of the Gr-VOLET can be effectively modulated by gate voltages with high luminance on/off ratios (~104). Current efficiencies are also observed to be much higher than those of control organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), even at high luminance levels exceeding 500 cd/m2. Moreover, we propose an operating mechanism to explain the improvements in the device performance i.e., the effective gate-bias-induced modulation of the hole tunnelling injection at the doped graphene source electrode. Despite its inherently simple structure, our study highlights the significant improvement in the device performance of OLETs offered by the FeCl3-doped graphene source electrode.
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17
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Liu Y, Liu J, Yan S, Ren Z. Synthesis and Charge-Transporting Properties of Dibenzothiphene Dioxide-Based Polysiloxanes. Chem Asian J 2018; 13:3254-3260. [PMID: 30203621 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We designed and synthesized a dibenzothiphene dioxide-based homopolysiloxane, PDBTSi, and a carbazole-dibenzothiophene dioxide alternating copolysiloxane, PCzSi-alt-PDBTSi, respectively. Both PDBTSi and PCzSi-alt-PDBTSi possess an improved solubility, good film-forming ability and extremely high thermal stability due to introduction of polysiloxane main chains. Meanwhile, PDBTSi and PCzSi-alt-PDBTSi exhibit high triplet energy levels of 2.95 eV and 3.05 eV, respectively. Furthermore, PDBTSi possesses good electron-transporting property with an electron mobility of 1.02×10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a relatively balanced hole mobility of 8.76×10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 . In contrast, PCzSi-alt-PDBTSi exhibits an electron mobility of 4.65×10-5 cm2 V-1 s-1 and a hole mobility of 1.17×10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 . Therefore, our results here provide a feasible strategy to obtain solution-processed polysiloxane materials with high and balanced electron- and hole-transporting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junteng Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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18
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Chaudhry MU, Tetzner K, Lin YH, Nam S, Pearson C, Groves C, Petty MC, Anthopoulos TD, Bradley DDC. Low-Voltage Solution-Processed Hybrid Light-Emitting Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:18445-18449. [PMID: 29767502 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the development of low operating voltages in inorganic-organic hybrid light-emitting transistors (HLETs) based on a solution-processed ZrO x gate dielectric and a hybrid multilayer channel consisting of the heterojunction In2O3/ZnO and the organic polymer "Super Yellow" acting as n- and p-channel/emissive layers, respectively. Resulting HLETs operate at the lowest voltages reported to-date (<10 V) and combine high electron mobility (22 cm2/(V s)) with appreciable current on/off ratios (≈103) and an external quantum efficiency of 2 × 10-2% at 700 cd/m2. The charge injection, transport, and recombination mechanisms within this HLET architecture are discussed, and prospects for further performance enhancement are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kornelius Tetzner
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Sungho Nam
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Pearson
- Department of Engineering , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Chris Groves
- Department of Engineering , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Petty
- Department of Engineering , Durham University , Durham DH1 3LE , United Kingdom
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics , Imperial College London , London SW7 2AZ , United Kingdom
- Physical Science and Engineering Division , King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955 , Saudi Arabia
| | - Donal D C Bradley
- Department of Physics , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PU , United Kingdom
- Department of Engineering Science , University of Oxford , Oxford OX1 3PJ , United Kingdom
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19
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Li D, Hu Y, Zhang N, Lv Y, Lin J, Guo X, Fan Y, Luo J, Liu X. Near-Infrared to Visible Organic Upconversion Devices Based on Organic Light-Emitting Field Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:36103-36110. [PMID: 28960059 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The near-infrared (NIR) to visible upconversion devices have attracted great attention because of their potential applications in the fields of night vision, medical imaging, and military security. Herein, a novel all-organic upconversion device architecture has been first proposed and developed by incorporating a NIR absorption layer between the carrier transport layer and the emission layer in heterostructured organic light-emitting field effect transistors (OLEFETs). The as-prepared devices show a typical photon-to-photon upconversion efficiency as high as 7% (maximum of 28.7% under low incident NIR power intensity) and millisecond-scale response time, which are the highest upconversion efficiency and one of the fastest response time among organic upconversion devices as referred to the previous reports up to now. The high upconversion performance mainly originates from the gain mechanism of field-effect transistor structures and the unique advantage of OLEFETs to balance between the photodetection and light emission. Meanwhile, the strategy of OLEFETs also offers the advantage of high integration so that no extra OLED is needed in the organic upconversion devices. The results would pave way for low-cost, flexible and portable organic upconversion devices with high efficiency and simplified processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiaoyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jinsong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
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20
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Song L, Hu Y, Liu Z, Lv Y, Guo X, Liu X. Harvesting Triplet Excitons with Exciplex Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters toward High Performance Heterostructured Organic Light-Emitting Field Effect Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2711-2719. [PMID: 28029040 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of triplet excitons plays a key role in obtaining high emission efficiency for organic electroluminescent devices. However, to date, only phosphorescent materials have been implemented to harvest the triplet excitons in the organic light-emitting field effect transistors (OLEFETs). In this work, we report the first incorporation of exciplex thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters in heterostructured OLEFETs to harvest the triplet excitons. By developing a new kind of exciplex TADF emitter constituted by m-MTDATA (4,4',4″-tris(N-3-methylphenyl-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine) as the donor and OXD-7 (1,3-bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl]benzene) as the acceptor, an exciton utilization efficiency of 74.3% for the devices was achieved. It is found that the injection barrier between hole transport layer and emission layer as well as the ratio between donor and acceptor would influence the external quantum efficiency (EQE) significantly. Devices with a maximum EQE of 3.76% which is far exceeding the reported results for devices with conventional fluorescent emitters were successfully demonstrated. Moreover, the EQE at high brightness even outperformed the result for organic light-emitting diode based on the same emitter. Our results demonstrate that the exciplex TADF emitters can be promising candidates to develop OLEFETs with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Zheqin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Ying Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xiaoyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
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Yang F, Zhao Q, Xu C, Zou Y, Dong H, Zheng Y, Hu W. Unveiling the Switching Riddle of Silver Tetracyanoquinodimethane Towards Novel Planar Single-Crystalline Electrochemical Metallization Memories. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7094-7100. [PMID: 27276441 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The switching riddle of AgTCNQ is shown to be caused by the solid electrolyte mechanism. Both factors of bulk phase change and contact issue play key roles in the efficient work of the devices. An effective strategy is developed to locate the formation/disruption of Ag conductive filaments using the planar asymmetric configuration of Au/AgTCNQ/AlOx /Al. These novel electrochemical metallization memories demonstrate many promising properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangxu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Chunhui Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yonggang Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry School of Sciences, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Song L, Hu Y, Zhang N, Li Y, Lin J, Liu X. Improved Performance of Organic Light-Emitting Field-Effect Transistors by Interfacial Modification of Hole-Transport Layer/Emission Layer: Incorporating Organic Heterojunctions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:14063-14070. [PMID: 27215694 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b02618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic heterojunctions (OHJs) consisting of a strong electron acceptor 1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) and an electron donor N,N'-di(naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-diphenyl-benzidine (NPB) were demonstrated for the first time that they can be implemented as effective modification layers between hole transport layer (HTL) and emission layer in the heterostructured organic light-emitting field effect transistors (OLEFETs). The influence of both HAT-CN/NPB junction (npJ) and NPB/HAT-CN junction (pnJ) on the optoelectronic performance of OLEFETs were conscientiously investigated. It is found that both the transport ability of holes and the injection ability of holes into emissive layer can be dramatically improved via the charge transfer of the OHJs and that between HAT-CN and the HTL. Consequently, OLEFETs with pnJ present optimal performance of an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.3% at brightness of 2630 cdm(-2) and the ones with npJs show an EQE of 4.7% at brightness of 4620 cdm(-2). By further utilizing npn OHJs of HAT-CN/NPB/HAT-CN, superior optoelectronic performance with an EQE of 4.7% at brightness of 8350 cdm(-2) and on/off ratio of 1 × 10(5) is obtained. The results demonstrate the great practicality of implementing OHJs as effective modification layers in heterostructured OLEFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Song
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongsheng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yantao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xingyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033, China
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Vertical Microcavity Organic Light-emitting Field-effect Transistors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23210. [PMID: 26986944 PMCID: PMC4794712 DOI: 10.1038/srep23210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Organic light-emitting field-effect transistors (OLEFETs) are regarded as a novel kind of device architecture for fulfilling electrical-pumped organic lasers. However, the realization of OLEFETs with high external quantum efficiency (EQE) and high brightness simultaneously is still a tough task. Moreover, the design of the resonator structure in LED is far from satisfactory. Here, OLEFETs with EQE of 1.5% at the brightness of 2600 cdm(-2), and the corresponding ON/OFF ratio and current efficiency reaches above 10(4) and 3.1 cdA(-1), respectively, were achieved by introducing 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile (HAT-CN) as a charge generation layer. Moreover, a vertical microcavity based on distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) and Ag source/drain electrodes is successfully introduced into the high performance OLEFETs, which results in electroluminescent spectrum linewidth narrowing from 96 nm to 6.9 nm. The results manifest the superiority of the vertical microcavity as an optical resonator in OLEFETs, which sheds some light on achieving the electrically pumped organic lasers.
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