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Wang S, Li W, Deng C, Hong Z, Gao HB, Li X, Gu Y, Zheng Q, Wu Y, Evans PG, Li JF, Nan CW, Li Q. Giant electric field-induced second harmonic generation in polar skyrmions. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1374. [PMID: 38355699 PMCID: PMC10866987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45755-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Electric field-induced second harmonic generation allows electrically controlling nonlinear light-matter interactions crucial for emerging integrated photonics applications. Despite its wide presence in materials, the figures-of-merit of electric field-induced second harmonic generation are yet to be elevated to enable novel device functionalities. Here, we show that the polar skyrmions, a topological phase spontaneously formed in PbTiO3/SrTiO3 ferroelectric superlattices, exhibit a high comprehensive electric field-induced second harmonic generation performance. The second-order nonlinear susceptibility and modulation depth, measured under non-resonant 800 nm excitation, reach ~54.2 pm V-1 and ~664% V-1, respectively, and high response bandwidth (higher than 10 MHz), wide operating temperature range (up to ~400 K) and good fatigue resistance (>1010 cycles) are also demonstrated. Through combined in-situ experiments and phase-field simulations, we establish the microscopic links between the exotic polarization configuration and field-induced transition paths of the skyrmions and their electric field-induced second harmonic generation response. Our study not only presents a highly competitive thin-film material ready for constructing on-chip devices, but opens up new avenues of utilizing topological polar structures in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Chenguang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Zijian Hong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China.
- Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, 318000, Taizhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Han-Bin Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201204, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueliang Gu
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201204, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, 100190, Beijing, China.
| | - Yongjun Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, China
| | - Paul G Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jing-Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Ce-Wen Nan
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China.
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2
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Gao L, Prokhorenko S, Nahas Y, Bellaiche L. Dynamical Control of Topology in Polar Skyrmions via Twisted Light. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:026902. [PMID: 38277608 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.026902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Twisted light carries a nonzero orbital angular momentum, that can be transferred from light to electrons and particles ranging from nanometers to micrometers. Up to now, the interplay between twisted light with dipolar systems has scarcely been explored, though the latter bear abundant forms of topologies such as skyrmions and embrace strong light-matter coupling. Here, using first-principles-based simulations, we show that twisted light can excite and drive dynamical polar skyrmions and transfer its nonzero winding number to ferroelectric ultrathin films. The skyrmion is successively created and annihilated alternately at the two interfaces, and experiences a periodic transition from a markedly "Bloch" to "Néel" character, accompanied with the emergence of a "Bloch point" topological defect with vanishing polarization. The dynamical evolution of skyrmions is connected to a constant jump of topological number between "0" and "1" over time. These intriguing phenomena are found to have an electrostatic origin. Our study thus demonstrates that, and explains why this unique light-matter interaction can be very powerful in creating and manipulating topological solitons in functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyuan Gao
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Sergei Prokhorenko
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Yousra Nahas
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
| | - Laurent Bellaiche
- Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, USA
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3
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Miyamoto T, Kondo A, Inaba T, Morimoto T, You S, Okamoto H. Terahertz radiation by quantum interference of excitons in a one-dimensional Mott insulator. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6229. [PMID: 37833316 PMCID: PMC10575914 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Nearly monocyclic terahertz waves are used for investigating elementary excitations and for controlling electronic states in solids. They are usually generated via second-order optical nonlinearity by injecting a femtosecond laser pulse into a nonlinear optical crystal. In this framework, however, it is difficult to control phase and frequency of terahertz waves. Here, we show that in a one-dimensional Mott insulator of a nickel-bromine chain compound a terahertz wave is generated with high efficiency via strong electron modulations due to quantum interference between odd-parity and even-parity excitons produced by two-color femtosecond pulses. Using this method, one can control all of the phase, frequency, and amplitude of terahertz waves by adjusting the creation-time difference of two excitons with attosecond accuracy. This approach enables to evaluate the phase-relaxation time of excitons under strong electron correlations in Mott insulators. Moreover, phase- and frequency-controlled terahertz pulses are beneficial for coherent electronic-state controls with nearly monocyclic terahertz waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
| | - Akihiro Kondo
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Inaba
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Shijia You
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Chiba, 277-8561, Japan.
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4
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Sun J, Li Y, Zhang B, Jiang A. High-Power LiNbO 3 Domain-Wall Nanodevices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:8691-8698. [PMID: 36724474 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Wide band gap semiconductors keep on pushing the limits of power electronic devices to higher switching speeds and higher operating temperatures, including diodes and transistors on low-cost Si substrates. Alternatively, erasable conducting walls created within ferroelectric single-crystal films integrated on the Si platform have emerged as a promising gateway to adaptive nanoelectronics in sufficient output power, where the repetitive creation of highly charged domain walls (DWs) is particularly important to increase the wall current density. Here, we observe large conduction of the head-to-head DW at an optimized inclination angle of 15° within a LiNbO3 single crystal that is 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than that of the tail-to-tail DW. The wall conduction is diode-like with a linear current density of higher than 1 mA/μm and an on/off ratio of larger than 106 under the application of a repetitive switching voltage pulse in time less than 10 ns and an endurance number of higher than 105. The high-power diodes can not only perform direct data processing in high-density nonvolatile DW memories in fast operation speeds and low-energy consumption but also function as sensors in compact electromechanical systems, selectors in phase-change memory and resistive random-access memory, and half-wave/full-wave rectifiers in modern nanocircuits in dimensions approaching the thickness of the depletion layer below which the tradition p-n junction malfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Yiming Li
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Boyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
| | - Anquan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System, School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
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5
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Zhang WJ, Wang C, Jiang J, Jiang AQ. Fast Operations of Nonvolatile Ferroelectric Domain Wall Memory with Inhibited Space Charge Injection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:32227-32235. [PMID: 35801654 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The microampere-level domain wall currents in LiNbO3 single crystals have promising applications in nonvolatile ferroelectric domain wall random access memory and logic with high-density integration, ultrafast operation speeds, and almost unlimited switching cycles. For the memory commercialization, the improvements of the reliability and operation speed of the devices are challenging due to the high-field charge injection. The injected charge could compensate the domain-wall boundary charge that screens the domain switching field and reduces the domain wall current. In this work, two kinds of memory nanocells were fabricated on the surfaces of X-cut LiNbO3 single crystals to study the geometry-dependent charge injection. The striped memory cell due to the appearance of the size-driven reconstruction has a smaller coercive field than that of a clamped memory cell without relaxation of the lattice matching stress, which reduces low-frequency charge injection and increases the domain switching speed. At an operating voltage of 5 V, we observed a retention time of more than 1 week and an on/off current ratio of 2 × 104 for a striped-like cell, paving the route to integrate energy-efficient high-density domain wall memory in high reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - An Quang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of ASIC & System School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Dai J, Zhong X, Zhang D, Zhong G, Li J. Probing Ultrafast Dynamics of Ferroelectrics by Time-Resolved Pump-Probe Spectroscopy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2102488. [PMID: 34632722 PMCID: PMC8596111 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202102488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Ferroelectric materials have been a key research topic owing to their wide variety of modern electronic and photonic applications. For the quick exploration of higher operating speed, smaller size, and superior efficiencies of novel ferroelectric devices, the ultrafast dynamics of ferroelectrics that directly reflect their respond time and lifetimes have drawn considerable attention. Driven by time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy that allows for probing, controlling, and modulating dynamic processes of ferroelectrics in real-time, much research efforts have been made to understand and exploit the ultrafast dynamics of ferroelectric. Herein, the current state of ultrafast dynamic features of ferroelectrics tracked by time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy is reviewed, which includes ferroelectrics order parameters of polarization, lattice, spin, electronic excitation, and their coupling. Several potential perspectives and possible further applications combining ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy and ferroelectrics are also presented. This review offers a clear guidance of ultrafast dynamics of ferroelectric orders, which may promote the rapid development of next-generation devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Junfeng Dai
- Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xiangli Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan, 411105, China
| | - Dongwen Zhang
- Department of Physics, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410073, China
| | - Gaokuo Zhong
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Jiangyu Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional Oxide Materials and Devices, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
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7
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Li X, Qiu T, Zhang J, Baldini E, Lu J, Rappe AM, Nelson KA. Terahertz field-induced ferroelectricity in quantum paraelectric SrTiO 3. Science 2020; 364:1079-1082. [PMID: 31197011 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw4913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
"Hidden phases" are metastable collective states of matter that are typically not accessible on equilibrium phase diagrams. These phases can host exotic properties in otherwise conventional materials and hence may enable novel functionality and applications, but their discovery and access are still in early stages. Using intense terahertz electric field excitation, we found that an ultrafast phase transition into a hidden ferroelectric phase can be dynamically induced in quantum paraelectric strontium titanate (SrTiO3). The induced lowering in crystal symmetry yields substantial changes in the phonon excitation spectra. Our results demonstrate collective coherent control over material structure, in which a single-cycle field drives ions along the microscopic pathway leading directly to their locations in a new crystalline phase on an ultrafast time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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8
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Transient Second Harmonic Generation Induced by Single Cycle THz pulses in Ba 0.8Sr 0.2TiO 3/MgO. Sci Rep 2019; 9:697. [PMID: 30679493 PMCID: PMC6346021 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36686-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to switch ferroics (magnets, ferroelectrics, multiferroics) between two stable bit states is the main principle of modern data storage technology. Due to many new ideas, originating from fundamental research during the last 50 years, this technology has developed in a breath-taking fashion. Ever increasing demands for faster and more energy efficient data storage strongly motivate fundamental studies of dynamics in ferroics triggered by ultrashort stimuli. It has been recently realized that nearly single cycle intense THz pulses and the phenomenon of the second harmonic generation are appealing tools for excitation and detection of poorly understood ultrafast dynamics of electric polarization in ferroelectrics at the picosecond timescale. Here we investigate picosecond dynamics of second harmonic from near-infrared pulse in ferroelectric heterostructure Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/MgO triggered by the electric field of a nearly single cycle intense THz pulse. The dynamics of the nonlinear optical signal is characterized by a step and oscillations at the frequency of about 1.67 THz. Although the observations can be mistakenly interpreted as oscillations of the electric polarization at the frequency of the soft mode and switching of the order parameter to another metastable state, here we show that the THz modulation of second harmonic generation in Ba0.8Sr0.2TiO3/MgO has a purely optical origin. The observation can be explained assuming that the THz pulse is a relativistically propagating inhomogeneity which induces center of symmetry breaking and linear birefringence. Our work reveals the role of propagation effects in interpretation of time-resolved non-linear optical experiments and thus it has important implications for experimental studies of ultrafast dynamics in ferroics.
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9
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Ultrafast polarization control by terahertz fields via π-electron wavefunction changes in hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectrics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15014. [PMID: 30301914 PMCID: PMC6177455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33076-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid polarization control by an electric field in ferroelectrics is important to realize high-frequency modulation of light, which has potential applications in optical communications. To achieve this, a key strategy is to use an electronic part of ferroelectric polarization. A hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectric, croconic acid, is a good candidate, since π-electron polarization within each molecule is theoretically predicted to play a significant role in the ferroelectric-state formation, as well as the proton displacements. Here, we show that a sub-picosecond polarization modulation is possible in croconic acid using a terahertz pulse. The terahertz-pulse-pump second-harmonic-generation-probe and optical-reflectivity-probe spectroscopy reveal that the amplitude of polarization modulation reaches 10% via the electric-field-induced modifications of π-electron wavefunctions. Moreover, the measurement of electric-field-induced changes in the infrared molecular vibrational spectrum elucidates that the contribution of proton displacements to the polarization modulation is negligibly small. These results demonstrate the electronic nature of polarization in hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectrics. The ultrafast polarization control via π-electron systems observed in croconic acid is expected to be possible in many other hydrogen-bonded molecular ferroelectrics and utilized for future high-speed optical-modulation devices.
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10
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Akamatsu H, Yuan Y, Stoica VA, Stone G, Yang T, Hong Z, Lei S, Zhu Y, Haislmaier RC, Freeland JW, Chen LQ, Wen H, Gopalan V. Light-Activated Gigahertz Ferroelectric Domain Dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:096101. [PMID: 29547337 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.096101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Using time- and spatially resolved hard x-ray diffraction microscopy, the striking structural and electrical dynamics upon optical excitation of a single crystal of BaTiO_{3} are simultaneously captured on subnanoseconds and nanoscale within individual ferroelectric domains and across walls. A large emergent photoinduced electric field of up to 20×10^{6} V/m is discovered in a surface layer of the crystal, which then drives polarization and lattice dynamics that are dramatically distinct in a surface layer versus bulk regions. A dynamical phase-field modeling method is developed that reveals the microscopic origin of these dynamics, leading to gigahertz polarization and elastic waves traveling in the crystal with sonic speeds and spatially varying frequencies. The advances in spatiotemporal imaging and dynamical modeling tools open up opportunities for disentangling ultrafast processes in complex mesoscale structures such as ferroelectric domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Akamatsu
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yakun Yuan
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Vladimir A Stoica
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Greg Stone
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Tiannan Yang
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Zijian Hong
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Shiming Lei
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Yi Zhu
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Ryan C Haislmaier
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - John W Freeland
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Long-Qing Chen
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
| | - Haidan Wen
- Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Venkatraman Gopalan
- Materials Research Institute and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, MSC Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
- Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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11
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Zhang Z, You L, Du J, Wang J, Jin Z, Ma G, Leng Y. Ultrafast electron-phonon coupling and photo-induced strain in the morphotropic phase boundary of Bi xDy 1-xFeO 3 films. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3258. [PMID: 29459659 PMCID: PMC5818539 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21655-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay among ferroelectric, magnetic and elastic degrees of freedom in multiferroics is the key issues in condensed matters, which has been widely investigated by various methods. Here, using ultrafast two-color pump-probe spectroscopy, the picosecond electron-phonon and spin-lattice coupling process in Dysprosium doped-BiFeO3 (BDFO) films on SrTiO3 (STO) substrate have been investigated systematically. The Dy-doping induced structural transition and magnetic enhancement in BDFO is observed by ultrafast electron-phonon and spin-lattice interaction, respectively. The elastic anomalies in BDFO films are revealed by the photo-induced coherent acoustic phonon. With increasing the Dy doping ratio, the frequencies of the acoustic phonon in the films are modulated, and the phonon transmission coefficient between films and substrate is found to approach unity gradually. The ultrafast observation of the tunability of the ferroelectric, magnetic and the elastic properties in the morphotropic phase boundary of rare-earth doped BFO films provides new insights into the integration of BFO in next-generation high frequency electro-magnetic and electroacoustic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.,Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lu You
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Juan Du
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
| | - Junling Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zuanming Jin
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Guohong Ma
- Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
| | - Yuxin Leng
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, China.
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12
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Qi Y, Liu S, Lindenberg AM, Rappe AM. Ultrafast Electric Field Pulse Control of Giant Temperature Change in Ferroelectrics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:055901. [PMID: 29481168 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.055901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a surge of interest in developing environmentally friendly solid-state-based cooling technology. Here, we point out that a fast cooling rate (≈10^{11} K/s) can be achieved by driving solid crystals to a high-temperature phase with a properly designed electric field pulse. Specifically, we predict that an ultrafast electric field pulse can cause a giant temperature decrease up to 32 K in PbTiO_{3} occurring on few picosecond time scales. We explain the underlying physics of this giant electric field pulse-induced temperature change with the concept of internal energy redistribution: the electric field does work on a ferroelectric crystal and redistributes its internal energy, and the way the kinetic energy is redistributed determines the temperature change and strongly depends on the electric field temporal profile. This concept is supported by our all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of PbTiO_{3} and BaTiO_{3}. Moreover, this internal energy redistribution concept can also be applied to understand electrocaloric effect. We further propose new strategies for inducing giant cooling effect with ultrafast electric field pulse. This Letter offers a general framework to understand electric-field-induced temperature change and highlights the opportunities of electric field engineering for controlled design of fast and efficient cooling technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Qi
- Department of Chemistry, The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - S Liu
- Geophysical Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington, D.C. 20015, USA
| | - A M Lindenberg
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, The Makineni Theoretical Laboratories, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
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13
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Kozina M, van Driel T, Chollet M, Sato T, Glownia JM, Wandel S, Radovic M, Staub U, Hoffmann MC. Ultrafast X-ray diffraction probe of terahertz field-driven soft mode dynamics in SrTiO 3. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:054301. [PMID: 28503632 PMCID: PMC5415405 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We use ultrafast X-ray pulses to characterize the lattice response of SrTiO3 when driven by strong terahertz fields. We observe transient changes in the diffraction intensity with a delayed onset with respect to the driving field. Fourier analysis reveals two frequency components corresponding to the two lowest energy zone-center optical modes in SrTiO3. The lower frequency mode exhibits clear softening as the temperature is decreased while the higher frequency mode shows slight temperature dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kozina
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Chollet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Wandel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - U Staub
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M C Hoffmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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14
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Wei J, Wu C, Liu Y, Guo Y, Yang T, Wang D, Xu Z, Haumont R. Structural Distortion, Spin-Phonon Coupling, Interband Electronic Transition, and Enhanced Magnetization in Rare-Earth-Substituted Bismuth Ferrite. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:8964-8974. [PMID: 28699752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b00914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Rare-earth ions (RE = La3+, Nd3+, and Er3+) substituted BiFeO3 (BFO) ceramics were synthesized by a conventional solid-state sintering procedure. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra confirm a rhombohedral R3c symmetry in all samples with significant distortion in FeO6 octahedron, as well as the occurrence of remarkable spin-phonon coupling and notable change in magnetic transition temperature induced by RE dopants. The enhanced magnetization was observed in all RE-doped BFO ceramics, unveiling that the spatial spin structure of BFO should be perturbed by RE dopants. Diffuse reflectance spectra show a conspicuous evolution of interband electronic transitions in RE-doped BFO ceramics. Especially, the two crystal-field d-d band transitions (6A1g→4T1 and 6A1g→4T2g) exhibit a linear red-shift behavior with the reduction in the cell volume, which is well-linked with a linear tendency of increased magnetization. On the basis of these investigations, a possible mechanism was proposed in this paper to demonstrate the correlation between the structural distortion, interband electronic transitions, and magnetic properties in RE-doped BFO ceramics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China.,Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, ICMMO, CNRS-UMR 8182, Bâtiment 410 -Université Paris-Sud XI , 15 rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Chunfang Wu
- School of Photoelectric Engineering, Xi'an Technological University , Xi'an 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yalong Liu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Guo
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Yang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Xu
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710049, P. R. China
| | - Raphael Haumont
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, ICMMO, CNRS-UMR 8182, Bâtiment 410 -Université Paris-Sud XI , 15 rue Georges Clémenceau 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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15
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THz Electric Field-Induced Second Harmonic Generation in Inorganic Ferroelectric. Sci Rep 2017; 7:687. [PMID: 28386081 PMCID: PMC5429639 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00704-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Second Harmonic Generation induced by the electric field of a strong nearly single-cycle terahertz pulse with the peak amplitude of 300 kV/cm is studied in a classical inorganic ferroelectric thin film of (Ba0.8Sr0.2)TiO3. The dependences of the SHG intensity on the polarization of the incoming light is revealed and interpreted in terms of electric polarization induced in the plane of the film. As the THz pulse pumps the medium in the range of phononic excitations, the induced polarization is explained as a dynamical change of the ferrolectric order parameter. It is estimated that under action of the THz pulse the ferroelectric order parameter acquires an in-plane component up to 6% of the net polarization.
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16
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Morimoto T, Miyamoto T, Yamakawa H, Terashige T, Ono T, Kida N, Okamoto H. Terahertz-Field-Induced Large Macroscopic Polarization and Domain-Wall Dynamics in an Organic Molecular Dielectric. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:107602. [PMID: 28339244 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A rapid polarization control in paraelectric materials is important for an ultrafast optical switching useful in the future optical communication. In this study, we applied terahertz-pump second-harmonic-generation-probe and optical-reflectivity-probe spectroscopies to the paraelectric neutral phase of an organic molecular dielectric, tetrathiafulvalene-p-chloranil and revealed that a terahertz pulse with the electric-field amplitude of ∼400 kV/cm produces in the subpicosecond time scale a large macroscopic polarization whose magnitude reaches ∼20% of that in the ferroelectric ionic phase. Such a large polarization generation is attributed to the intermolecular charge transfers and breathing motions of domain walls between microscopic neutral and ionic domains induced by the terahertz electric field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Morimoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Miyamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - H Yamakawa
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Terashige
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Ono
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - N Kida
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - H Okamoto
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 5-1-5, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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17
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Praveen PA, Babu RR, Ramamurthi K. Role of annealing on the structural and optical properties of nanostructured diaceto bis-benzimidazole Mn(II) complex thin films. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 173:800-808. [PMID: 27810771 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2016.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 10/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A coordination complex, manganese incorporated benzimidazole, thin films were prepared by chemical bath deposition method. Structural characterization of the deposited films, carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman and electron paramagnetic resonance spectral analyses, reveals the distorted tetrahedral environment of the metal ion with bis-benzimidazole ligand. Further the molecular composition of the deposited metal complex was estimated by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The prepared thin films were thermally treated to study the effect of annealing temperature on the surface morphology and the results showed that the surface homogeneity of the films increased for thermally treated films up to 150°C. But distortion and voids were observed for the films annealed at 200°C. The Raman analysis reveals the molecular hydrogen bond distortion which leads to the evaporation of the metal complex from the thin film surface with respect to annealing temperature. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of the as prepared and annealed films were studied using ultraviolet-visible transmittance spectroscopy, second harmonic generation and Z-scan analyses. Films annealed at 150°C show a better linear transmittance in the visible region and larger SHG efficiency and third order nonlinear susceptibility when compared with the other samples. Further, the film annealed at 150°C was subjected to optical switching analysis and demonstrated to have an inverted switching behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Praveen
- Crystal Growth and Thin film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Ramesh Babu
- Crystal Growth and Thin film Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli 620 024, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - K Ramamurthi
- Crystal Growth and Thin film Laboratory, Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603 203, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India
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18
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Iurchuk V, Schick D, Bran J, Colson D, Forget A, Halley D, Koc A, Reinhardt M, Kwamen C, Morley NA, Bargheer M, Viret M, Gumeniuk R, Schmerber G, Doudin B, Kundys B. Optical Writing of Magnetic Properties by Remanent Photostriction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:107403. [PMID: 27636494 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.107403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an optically induced remanent photostriction in BiFeO_{3}, resulting from the photovoltaic effect, which is used to modify the ferromagnetism of Ni film in a hybrid BiFeO_{3}/Ni structure. The 75% change in coercivity in the Ni film is achieved via optical and nonvolatile control. This photoferromagnetic effect can be reversed by static or ac electric depolarization of BiFeO_{3}. Hence, the strain dependent changes in magnetic properties are written optically, and erased electrically. Light-mediated straintronics is therefore a possible approach for low-power multistate control of magnetic elements relevant for memory and spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Iurchuk
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Schick
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Bran
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
| | - D Colson
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris, Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - A Forget
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris, Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - D Halley
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
| | - A Koc
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
| | - M Reinhardt
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
| | - C Kwamen
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
| | - N A Morley
- University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD, United Kingdom
| | - M Bargheer
- Institute for Methods and Instrumentation for Synchrotron Radiation Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Physik & Astronomie, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam/Golm, Germany
| | - M Viret
- SPEC, CEA, CNRS, Université Paris, Saclay, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - R Gumeniuk
- Institut für Experimentelle Physik, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Leipziger Straße 23, 09596 Freiberg, Germany
| | - G Schmerber
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Doudin
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
| | - B Kundys
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg (IPCMS), UMR 7504 CNRS-UdS 23 rue du Loess, 67034 Cedex 2, Strasbourg, France
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