1
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Mohammad Mehdipour N, Kumar H, Kim K, Sundararaj U, Shor RJ, Natale G. Manipulating mechanical properties of PEG-based hydrogel nanocomposite: A potential versatile bio-adhesive for the suture-less repair of tissue. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106285. [PMID: 38088008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Multifunctional bio-adhesives with tunable mechanical properties are obtained by controlling the orientation of anisotropic particles in a blend of fast-curing hydrogel with an imposed capillary flow. The suspensions' microstructural evolution was monitored by the small-angle light scattering (SALS) method during flow up to the critical Péclet number (Pe≈1) necessary for particle orientation and hydrogel crosslinking. The multifunctional bio-adhesives were obtained by combining flow and UV light exposure for rapid photo-curing of PEGDA medium and freezing titania rods' ordered microstructures. Blending the low- and high-molecular weight of PEGDA polymer improved the mechanical properties of the final hydrogel. All the hydrogel samples were non-cytotoxic up to 72 h after cell culturing. The system shows rapid blood hemostasis and promotes adhesive and cohesive strength matching targeted tissue properties with an applicating methodology compatible with surgical conditions. The developed SALS approach to optimize nanoparticles' microstructures in bio-adhesive applies to virtually any optically transparent nanocomposite and any type of anisotropic nanoparticles. As such, this method enables rational design of bio-adhesives with enhanced anisotropic mechanical properties which can be tailored to potentially any type of tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Mohammad Mehdipour
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hitendra Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Keekyoung Kim
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Uttandaraman Sundararaj
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Roman J Shor
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Giovanniantonio Natale
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4, Canada.
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2
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Im S, Frey E, Lacks DJ, Genzer J, Dickey MD. Enhanced Triboelectric Charge Stability by Air-Stable Radicals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304459. [PMID: 37675836 PMCID: PMC10625048 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper demonstrates that air-stable radicals enhance the stability of triboelectric charge on surfaces. While charge on surfaces is often undesirable (e.g., static discharge), improved charge retention can benefit specific applications such as air filtration. Here, it is shown that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) containing air-stable radicals, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxidanyl (TEMPO), hold the charge longer than those without TEMPO. Charging and retention are monitored by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) as a function of time. Without the radicals on the surface, charge retention increases with the water contact angle (hydrophobicity), consistent with the understanding that surface water molecules can accelerate charge dissipation. Yet, the most prolonged charge retention is observed in surfaces treated with TEMPO, which are more hydrophilic than untreated control surfaces. The charge retention decreases with reducing radical density by etching the TEMPO-silane with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) or scavenging the radicals with ascorbic acid. These results suggest a pathway toward increasing the lifetime of triboelectric charges, which may enhance air filtration, improve tribocharging for patterning charges on surfaces, or boost triboelectric energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooik Im
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Ethan Frey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Daniel J. Lacks
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH44106USA
| | - Jan Genzer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
| | - Michael D. Dickey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular EngineeringNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNC27695‐7905USA
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3
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Tao X, Fu S, Li S, Liu Z, Yang P, Liu C, Lin S, Zhang S, Chen X, Jian X, Wang ZL. Large and Tunable Ranking Shift in Triboelectric Series of Polymers by Introducing Phthalazinone Moieties. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201593. [PMID: 36895071 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Regulating the ranking of polymer in triboelectric series over a wide range is of great help for material's selection of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Herein, fluorinated poly(phthalazinone ether)s (FPPEs) with tunable molecular structure and aggregate structure are synthesized by co-polycondensation, while the large positive ranking shift in the triboelectric series can be achieved by introducing phthalazinone moieties with strong electron donating capability. FPPE-5, which includes abundant phthalazinone moieties, is more positive than all of the previously reported triboelectric polymers. Hence, the regulating range of FPPEs in this work updates a new record in triboelectric series, which is wider than that of previous works. A peculiar crystallization behavior, capable of trapping and storing more electrons, has been observed in FPPE-2 with 25% phthalazinone moieties. Correspondingly, FPPE-2 is more negative than FPPE-1 without a phthalazinone moiety, which is an unexpected shift against the common changing tendency in triboelectric series. With FPPEs films as the probing material, a tactile TENG sensor is applied to enable material identification via electrical signal polarity. Hence, this study demonstrates a strategy to regulate the series of triboelectric polymers by copolymerization using monomers with distinct electrification capabilities, where both the monomer ratio and the peculiar nonlinear behavior can control triboelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinglin Tao
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shaokui Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, P. R. China
| | - Shuyao Li
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoqi Liu
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Chengde Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, P. R. China
| | - Shiquan Lin
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shouhai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, P. R. China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xigao Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Polymer Science & Materials, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116012, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100083, Beijing, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
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4
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Ekim S, Kaya GE, Daştemir M, Yildirim E, Baytekin HT, Baytekin B. Organic Charge Transfer Cocrystals as Additives for Dissipation of Contact Charges on Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:56018-56026. [PMID: 36472348 PMCID: PMC9782351 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Common polymers can accumulate surface charges through contact, a phenomenon known since ancient times. This charge accumulation can have detrimental consequences in industry. It causes accidents and yields enormous economic losses. Many empirical methods have been developed to prevent the problems caused by charge accumulation. However, a general chemical approach is still missing in the literature since the charge accumulation and discharging mechanisms have not been completely clarified. The current practice to achieve charge mitigation is to increase materials conductivity by high doping of conductive additives. A recent study showed that using photoexcitation of some organic dyes, charge decay can be started remotely, and the minute amount of additive does not change the material's conductivity. Here, we show the contact charging and charge decay behavior of polydimethylsiloxane doped with a series of organic charge transfer cocrystals (CTC) of TCNQ acceptor and substituted pyrene donors (CTC-PDMS). The results show that the CTC-PDMS are antistatic, and the discharging propensity of the composites follows the calculated charge transfer degree of the complexes. On the other hand, the CTC-PDMS are still insulators, as shown by their high surface resistivities. Kelvin probe force microscopy images of the contact-charged and discharged samples show a quick potential decay in CTC domains upon illumination. Combined with the fast overall decay observed, the antistatic behavior in these insulators can be attributed to an electron transfer between the mechanoions in the polymer and the CTC frontier orbitals. We believe our results will help with the general understanding of the molecular mechanism of contact charging and discharging and help develop insulator antistatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunay
Dilara Ekim
- UNAM
National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Görkem Eylül Kaya
- UNAM
National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Murat Daştemir
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Erol Yildirim
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Polymer
Science and Technology Program, Middle East
Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - H. Tarik Baytekin
- Department
of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Polymer
Science and Technology Program, Middle East
Technical University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Bilge Baytekin
- UNAM
National Nanotechnology Research Center, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
- Department
of Chemistry, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
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5
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Feng M, Ma S, Liu Y, Zheng Y, Feng Y, Wang H, Cheng J, Wang D. Control of triboelectrification on Al-metal surfaces through microstructural design. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:15129-15140. [PMID: 36205557 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The instantaneous discharge of accumulated static charge due to contact electrification can cause irreversible damage to electrostatic-sensitive systems. Despite major advances in reducing tribo-charges, the problem remains intractable. Here, four alumina microstructures are fabricated on aluminum (Al) by combining chemical etching and anodic oxidation, and the effects of surface composition and structure on the triboelectric performance are studied by assembling them with a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane into a solid-solid triboelectric nanogenerator. The results show that the short-circuit current of the hierarchical nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (micro/nano-AAO) modified Al is 8.77 times smaller than that of pristine Al, which is attributed to the reduced contact area and presence of an oxide film on the surface of the modified metal. By regulating the diameter of alumina nanotubes, a positive correlation between the contact area and the measured charge density is theoretically demonstrated, which establishes the size of the contact area as the main factor affecting triboelectric outputs. In addition, the micro/nano-AAO based phone shell could provide more effective electrostatic protection than that based on an acrylic coating. This novel regulation of the triboelectric output by microstructural design provides a new direction for the development of antistatic materials in a vacuum and non-grounded environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Center of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shaochen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Youbin Zheng
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yange Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Hanchao Wang
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jiahui Cheng
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Daoai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
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6
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Luo N, Feng Y, Li X, Sun W, Wang D, Ye Q, Sun X, Zhou F, Liu W. Manipulating Electrical Properties of Silica-Based Materials via Atomic Oxygen Irradiation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:15344-15352. [PMID: 33759487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c02259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Regulated triboelectrification has attracted considerable research attention due to its potential applications in harvesting energy and importance in antistatic protection. Irradiation is an effective and stable modification method due to its adjustable and uniform irradiation parameters. Moreover, atomic oxygen (AO) irradiation is an important component in the low earth orbit, which is a considerable factor for promoting triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) in the outer space. AO irradiation was utilized to manipulate the surface structure and chemical composition to regulate electrical properties. AO irradiation can increase electron-donating groups and enhance electrical positivity of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films due to the transition from Si-C bonds to Si-O bonds. Therefore, different trends of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polystyrene (PS) were caused by their TENG composition with irradiated PDMS. Tribocharge cross-over polarity and charge generation were prevented completely in PS- and PDMS-based TENGs by adjusting the irradiation time to 4.1 h. Short-circuit current enhanced from 5 to 22 μA and the output voltage increased from 160 to 760 V when PDMS films in PTFE- and PDMS-based TENGs were subjected to AO irradiation for 6 h. This study demonstrated that AO irradiation can manipulate triboelectric properties of silica-based materials, which are potential components for harvesting energy and preventing electrostatic hazard in the outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Yange Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Weixiang Sun
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Daoai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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7
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Zhang X, Ao CK, Soh S. Nonconductive Noncharging Composites: Tunable and Stretchable Materials for Adaptive Prevention of Charging by Contact Electrification. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:5274-5285. [PMID: 31769961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Static charge generated by contact electrification can cause a wide range of undesirable consequences in our lives and in industry (e.g., adhesion of particles on surfaces, damage to electronics, and explosions). It has, however, been challenging to develop methods to prevent charging due to the vast types of materials that charge easily by contact electrification and the frequent changes in process and environmental conditions. The most common method is to use conductive materials for dissipating charge away; however, it is ineffective for many circumstances. Here, we propose a general and effective materials framework that involves a two-level consideration for preparing noncharging materials: (1) the variation of the proportion of a two-material composite and (2) the extent of stretching the composite material. This materials strategy is achieved by infusing particles within a stretchable bulk material. Importantly, the preparation of the noncharging surface for (1) is based on a novel fundamental mechanism that involves combining an appropriate amount of a material (e.g., the particles) that tends to charge positively with another material (e.g., the bulk material) that tends to charge negatively. This mechanism does not rely on conductivity; both the contacting materials naturally prevent the generation of static charge even when only nonconductive materials are involved. When the composite material is stretchable, the change in proportion of the surface coverage of the particles allows the charging response to be changed. Therefore, the variation in composition and stretching provide a wide two-dimensional parameter space for achieving noncharging response for the vast range of contacting materials that are used in industry and our lives. In addition, stretchability allows the composite material to flexibly adapt to changes in process and environmental conditions. This stretchable composite material was also demonstrated to be capable of preventing the adhesion of particles and separating particles of different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
| | - Chi Kit Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering , National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4 , Singapore 117585 , Singapore
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8
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Control of triboelectric charges on common polymers by photoexcitation of organic dyes. Nat Commun 2019; 10:276. [PMID: 30655528 PMCID: PMC6336862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08037-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Triboelectric charging of insulators, also known as contact charging in which electrical charges develop on surfaces upon contact, is a significant problem that is especially critical for various industries such as polymers, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and space. Several methods of tribocharge mitigation exist in practice; however, none can reach the practicality of using light in the process. Here we show a light-controlled manipulation of triboelectric charges on common polymers, in which the tribocharges are mitigated upon illumination with appropriate wavelengths of light in presence of a mediator organic dye. Our method provides spatial and temporal control of mitigation of static charges on common polymer surfaces by a mechanism that involves photoexcitation of organic dyes, which also allows additional control using wavelength. This control over charge mitigation provides a way to manipulate macroscopic objects by tribocharging followed by light-controlled discharging. Contact charging of insulators is a significant problem for various industries, such as plastics, electronics, and space. Here the authors gain spatial and temporal control of discharge of triboelectrically charged polymers upon illumination of a set of common organic dyes.
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9
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Chen L, Shi Q, Sun Y, Nguyen T, Lee C, Soh S. Controlling Surface Charge Generated by Contact Electrification: Strategies and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802405. [PMID: 30129287 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Contact electrification is the phenomenon in which charge is generated on the surfaces of materials after they come into contact. The surface charge generated has traditionally been known to cause a vast range of undesirable consequences in our lives and in industry; on the other hand, it can also give rise to many types of useful applications. In addition, there has been a lot of interest in recent years for fabricating devices and materials based on regulating a desired amount of surface charge. It is thus important to understand the general strategies for increasing, decreasing, or controlling the surface charge generated by contact electrification. Herein, the fundamental mechanisms for influencing the amount of charge generated, the methods used for implementing these mechanisms, and some of the recent interesting applications that require regulating the amount of surface charge generated by contact electrification, are briefly summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linfeng Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Trang Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
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10
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Couturaud B, Georgiou PG, Varlas S, Jones JR, Arno MC, Foster JC, O'Reilly RK. Poly(Pentafluorophenyl Methacrylate)-Based Nano-Objects Developed by Photo-PISA as Scaffolds for Post-Polymerization Functionalization. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 40:e1800460. [PMID: 30062711 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The preparation of a functional fluorine-containing block copolymer using reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer dispersion polymerization in DMSO as a "platform/scaffold" is explored. The nanostructures, comprised of poly(ethyleneglycol)-b-poly(pentafluorophenyl methacrylate) or PEG-b-P(PFMA), are formulated via photo-initiated polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) followed by post-polymerization modification using different primary amines. A combination of light scattering and microscopy techniques are used to characterize the resulting morphologies. It is found that upon varying the degree of polymerization of the core-forming block of PFMA, only uniform spheres (with textured surfaces) are obtained. These nanostructures are subsequently modified by cross-linking using a non-responsive and a redox-responsive diamine, thus imparting stability to the particles in water. In response to intracellular glutathione (GSH) concentration, destabilization of the micelles occurs as evidenced by dynamic light scattering. The well-defined size, inherent reactivity of the nanoparticles toward nucleophiles, and GSH-responsiveness of the nanospheres make them ideal scaffolds for drug delivery to intracellular compartments with reductive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Couturaud
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Panagiotis G Georgiou
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.,Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, CV4 7AL, Coventry, UK
| | - Spyridon Varlas
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Joseph R Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maria C Arno
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jeffrey C Foster
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Rachel K O'Reilly
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
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11
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Huo M, Li D, Song G, Zhang J, Wu D, Wei Y, Yuan J. Semi-Fluorinated Methacrylates: A Class of Versatile Monomers for Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700840. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Huo
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing China
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing China
| | - Dan Li
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing China
| | - Guangjie Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing 100190 China
| | - Decheng Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yen Wei
- Key Lab of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing China
| | - Jinying Yuan
- Key Lab of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Department of Chemistry; Tsinghua University; 100084 Beijing China
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12
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Pandey RK, Sun Y, Nakanishi H, Soh S. Reversible and Continuously Tunable Control of Charge of Close Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:6142-6147. [PMID: 29206045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces of almost all types of materials are often charged easily by contact electrification or deposition of ions; hence, surface charge is ubiquitous and has a vast range of influences in our lives and in industry. Since the 19th century, scientists have been measuring the charge of multiple materials collectively. The common expectation is that the total charge of multiple materials is equal to the sum of the charges of the individual materials. This study describes a previously unreported phenomenon in which the total charge of two insulating surfaces decreases when the surfaces are brought close to each other. The charge varies continuously and reversibly depending on the distance of separation between the surfaces. Experimental results derived from analyzing the movement of charge suggest that the changes are due to a rapid exchange of charge between the surfaces and their surrounding air. This change can be used to control the surface charge of the materials flexibly and reversibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh K Pandey
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Yajuan Sun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Hideyuki Nakanishi
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kyoto Institute of Technology , Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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Fang Y, Gonuguntla S, Soh S. Universal Nature-Inspired Coatings for Preparing Noncharging Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:32220-32226. [PMID: 28820577 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Static charge generated by contact electrification on surfaces can lead to many undesirable consequences such as a reduction in the efficiency of manufacturing processes, damage to equipment, and explosions. However, it is extremely challenging to avoid contact electrification because it is ubiquitous: almost all types of materials charge on contact. Here, we coated materials with naturally occurring polydopamine (PDA) and tannic acid (TA) for preparing noncharging surfaces. Importantly, these coatings are very versatile and can be coated on a wide range of materials, including metals, inorganic materials, semiconductors, and polymers. Once coated, the amount of charge generated was found to reduce dramatically at different humidities. The reduction in charge may be due to the radical-scavenging property of PDA and TA. This simple general approach is ideal for coating the vast variety of materials that need to resist charging by contact electrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Fang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Spandhana Gonuguntla
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Siowling Soh
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore , 4 Engineering Drive 4, Singapore 117585, Singapore
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