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Prakash S, Pitchappa P, Agrawal P, Jani H, Zhao Y, Kumar A, Thong J, Linke J, Ariando A, Singh R, Venkatesan T. Electromechanically Reconfigurable Terahertz Stereo Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2402069. [PMID: 38815130 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic terahertz devices are vital for the next generation of wireless communication, sensing, and non-destructive imaging technologies. Metasurfaces have emerged as a paradigm-shifting platform, offering varied functionalities, miniaturization, and simplified fabrication compared to their 3D counterparts. However, the presence of in-plane mirror symmetry and reduced degree of freedom impose fundamental limitations on achieving advanced chiral response, beamforming, and reconfiguration capabilities. In this work, a platform composed of electrically actuated resonators that can be colossally reconfigured between planar and 3D geometries is demonstrated. To illustrate the platform, metadevices with 3D Split Ring Resonators are fabricated, wherein two counteracting driving forces are combined: i) folding induced by stress mismatch, which enables non-volatile state design and ii) unfolding triggered by the strain associated with insulator-to-metal transition in VO2, which facilitates volatile structural reconfiguration. This large structural reconfiguration space allows for resonance mode switching, widely tunable magnetic and electric polarizabilities, and increased frequency agility. Moreover, the unique properties of VO2, such as the hysteretic nature of its phase transition is harnessed to demonstrate a multi-state memory. Therefore, these VO2 integrated metadevices are highly attractive for the realization of 6G communication devices such as reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, holographic beam formers, and spatial light modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Prakash
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Prakash Pitchappa
- Institute of Microelectronics (IME), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Piyush Agrawal
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hariom Jani
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13PU, UK
| | - Yunshan Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - John Thong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Jian Linke
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
| | - Ariando Ariando
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117551, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Thirumalai Venkatesan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Center for Quantum Research and Technology (CQRT), Center of Optimal Materials for Emerging Technologies (COMET), University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
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Ma R, Lu Y, Qi J, Xiong H, Xu X, Huang Y, Wu Q, Xu J. Transient cavity-cavity strong coupling at terahertz frequency on LiNbO 3 chips. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:12763-12773. [PMID: 38571106 DOI: 10.1364/oe.518799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) microcavities have garnered considerable attention for their ability to localize and confine THz waves, allowing for strong coupling to remarkably enhance the light-matter interaction. These properties hold great promise for advancing THz science and technology, particularly for high-speed integrated THz chips where transient interaction between THz waves and matter is critical. However, experimental study of these transient time-domain processes requires high temporal and spatial resolution since these processes, such as THz strong coupling, occur in several picoseconds and microns. Thus, most literature studies rarely cover temporal and spatial processes at the same time. In this work, we thoroughly investigate the transient cavity-cavity strong-coupling phenomena at THz frequency and find a Rabi-like oscillation in the microcavities, manifested by direct observation of a periodic energy exchange process via a phase-contrast time-resolved imaging system. Our explanation, based on the Jaynes-Cummings model, provides theoretical insight into this transient strong-coupling process. This work provides an opportunity to deeply understand the transient strong-coupling process between THz microcavities, which sheds light on the potential of THz microcavities for high-speed THz sensor and THz chip design.
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Ko JH, Park J, Yoo YJ, Chang S, Kang J, Wu A, Yang F, Kim S, Jeon H, Song YM. Full-Control and Switching of Optical Fano Resonance by Continuum State Engineering. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304310. [PMID: 37691086 PMCID: PMC10646235 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Fano resonance, known for its unique asymmetric line shape, has gained significant attention in photonics, particularly in sensing applications. However, it remains difficult to achieve controllable Fano parameters with a simple geometric structure. Here, a novel approach of using a thin-film optical Fano resonator with a porous layer to generate entire spectral shapes from quasi-Lorentzian to Lorentzian to Fano is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The glancing angle deposition technique is utilized to create a polarization-dependent Fano resonator. By altering the linear polarization between s- and p-polarization, a switchable Fano device between quasi-Lorentz state and negative Fano state is demonstrated. This change in spectral shape is advantageous for detecting materials with a low-refractive index. A bio-particle sensing experiment is conducted that demonstrates an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio and prediction accuracy. Finally, the challenge of optimizing the film-based Fano resonator due to intricate interplay among numerous parameters, including layer thicknesses, porosity, and materials selection, is addressed. The inverse design tool is developed based on a multilayer perceptron model that allows fast computation for all ranges of Fano parameters. The method provides improved accuracy of the mean validation factor (MVF = 0.07, q-q') compared to the conventional exhaustive enumeration method (MVF = 0.37).
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Hwan Ko
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Hwi Park
- Artificial Intelligence Graduate SchoolGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jin Yoo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
- Department of Mechanical EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Sehui Chang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Kang
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Aiguo Wu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical EngineeringInternational Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and ApplicationChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) KeyLaboratory of Magnetic Materials and DevicesZhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboZhejiang315201China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong LaboratoryHuizhou516000China
| | - Fang Yang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical EngineeringInternational Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials Technology and ApplicationChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) KeyLaboratory of Magnetic Materials and DevicesZhejiang Engineering Research Center for Biomedical MaterialsNingbo Institute of Materials Technology and EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesNingboZhejiang315201China
- Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong LaboratoryHuizhou516000China
| | - Sejeong Kim
- Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of MelbourneParkville3010Australia
| | - Hae‐Gon Jeon
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence Graduate SchoolGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
| | - Young Min Song
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
- Artificial Intelligence Graduate SchoolGwangju Institute of Science and TechnologyGwangju61005Republic of Korea
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Deng Y, Zhou Q, Zhang X, Zhang P, Liang W, Ning T, Shi Y, Zhang C. Dual-Band and Multi-State Polarization Conversion Using aTerahertz Symmetry-Breaking Metadevice. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2844. [PMID: 37947692 PMCID: PMC10649173 DOI: 10.3390/nano13212844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
We numerically and experimentally demonstrate a terahertz metadevice consisting of split-ring resonators (SRRs) present within square metallic rings. This device can function as a dual-band polarization converter by breaking the symmetry of SRRs. Under x-polarized incidence, the metastructure is able to convert linearly polarized (LP) light into a left-hand circular-polarized (LCP) wave. Intriguingly, under y-polarized incidence, frequency-dependent conversion from LP to LCP and right-hand circular-polarized (RCP) states can be achieved at different frequencies. Furthermore, reconfigurable LCP-to-LP and RCP-to-LP switching can be simulated by integrating the device with patterned graphene and changing its Fermi energy. This dual-band and multi-state polarization control provides an alternative solution to developing compact and multifunctional components in the terahertz regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Qingli Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Xuteng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Pujing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Wanlin Liang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Tingyin Ning
- Shandong Provincial Engineering and Technical Center of Light Manipulations & Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optics and Photonic Device, School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250358, China;
| | - Yulei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Cunlin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, and Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China; (Y.D.); (X.Z.); (P.Z.); (W.L.); (Y.S.); (C.Z.)
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Kim TH, Kim S, Jeon YP, Ahn JH, Lee BW, Park GS, Park J, Kim YJ, Park SY, Yoo YJ. Ultra-wideband transmission filter based on guided-mode resonances in two terahertz metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:42738-42748. [PMID: 36366721 DOI: 10.1364/oe.474537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a broadband transmission filter that employs the guided mode resonances pertaining to a terahertz metasurface composed of metallic gold disks with a quartz slab. Unlike structures involving conventional metasurfaces, two identical metasurfaces are placed on the upper and lower sides of a thick quartz slab. This structure can excite both even and odd guided mode resonances. The interaction of the two resonances at similar frequencies produces a broadband transmission peak. The sharp spectral feature of each resonance leads to the abrupt degradation of the transmission at the spectral edge, which can enable the development of the filter application. The proposed scheme can facilitate practical applications such as those of broadband filters at a terahertz frequency.
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Lu Y, Li T, Yang M, Yao H, Liang L, Yan X, Lv KK, Wang M, Yang Q, Wei C, Shao J, Yao J. Dual control of multi-band resonances with a metal-halide perovskite-integrated terahertz metasurface. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:12703-12712. [PMID: 35993444 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The phenomenon of multi-resonant Fano resonances is important for the design of biosensors and communication fields. There are very few studies reporting the multi-band Fano resonance metamaterials with more than three resonance frequencies, or the tunable optical metamaterials to control the multi-band Fano resonance characteristics. Here, we report dual control of multi-band Fano resonances with a metal-halide perovskite-integrated terahertz metasurface by lasers and an electrical field. By tuning the conductivity of the perovskite film on the metasurface, ultrasensitive optoelectronic modulation was achieved. The terahertz transmission amplitude exhibited increasing and decreasing stages. We analyzed the physical phenomena and found that capacitance effects and Fermi-level enhancement had significant roles in the optical- and electronic-modulation experiments. The resonant frequencies in the electronic modulation had broader frequency shifts and a higher and wider tunable modulation depth range. More importantly, the maximum modulation depth was as high as 197%, with a significant fluctuation in the amplitude and more unstable frequency shifts in the transmission spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Lu
- Precision Optical Manufacturing and Testing Centre, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for High Power Laser Material of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai, 201800, PR China
- Centre of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Tengteng Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Maosheng Yang
- Institute of Micro-nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhen Jiang, 212013, China
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Kai Kai Lv
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Qili Yang
- School of Opto-electric Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang, 277160, China.
| | - Chaoyang Wei
- Precision Optical Manufacturing and Testing Centre, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201800, PR China.
- Key Laboratory for High Power Laser Material of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai, 201800, PR China
- Centre of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jianda Shao
- Key Laboratory for High Power Laser Material of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Shanghai, 201800, PR China
- Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, PR China
- Centre of Material Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Al-Naib I, Ateeq IS. Excitation of Asymmetric Resonance with Symmetric Split-Ring Resonator. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5921. [PMID: 36079302 PMCID: PMC9457336 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a new approach to excite sharp asymmetric resonances using a single completely symmetric split-ring resonator (SRR) inside a rectangular waveguide is proposed. The method is based on an asymmetry in the excitation of a symmetric split-ring resonator by placing it away from the center of the waveguide along its horizontal axis. In turn, a prominent asymmetric resonance was observed in the transmission amplitude of both the simulated results and the measured data. Using a single symmetric SRR with an asymmetric distance of 6 mm from the center of a rectangular waveguide led to the excitation of a sharp resonance with a Q-factor of 314 at 6.9 GHz. More importantly, a parametric study simulating different overlayer analytes with various refractive indices revealed a wavelength sensitivity of 579,710 nm/RIU for 150 μm analyte thickness.
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Lu Y, Yang M, Wang T, Yao H, Liang L, Yan X, Lv KK, Wang M, Yang Q, Wei C, Shao J, Yao J. Multispectral higher-order Fano resonant metasurface based on periodic twisted DNA-like split ring arrays with three modulation methods. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:17652-17664. [PMID: 36221583 DOI: 10.1364/oe.453064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The active modulation of the Fano resonance is rare but desirable. However, recent studies mostly focused on a single modulation method and few reported the use of three photoelectric control methods. A tunable graphene DNA-like metamaterial modulator with multispectral Fano resonance is demonstrated. In experimentally fabricated metamaterials with six photoelectric joint modulation patterns, each joint shows different optoelectrical response characteristics. Ultrahigh modulation depth (MD) up to 982% was achieved at 1.5734 THz with a 1.040 A external laser pump by involving combined optoelectrical methods. These results show that the metasurface modulator is a promising platform for higher-order Fano resonance modulation and communication fields.
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Wang P, Hu R, Huang X, Wang T, Hu S, Hu M, Xu H, Li X, Liu K, Wang S, Kang L, Werner DH. Terahertz Chiral Metamaterials Enabled by Textile Manufacturing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110590. [PMID: 35218258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Easy-to-fabricate, large-area, and inexpensive microstructures that realize control of the polarization of terahertz (THz) radiation are of fundamental importance to the development of the field of THz wave photonics. However, due to the lack of natural materials that can facilitate strong THz radiation-matter interactions, THz polarization components remain an undeveloped technology. Strong resonance-based responses offered by THz metamaterials have led to the recent development of THz metadevices, whereas, for polarization control devices, micrometer-scale fabrication techniques including aligned photolithography are generally required to create multilayer microstructures. In this work, leveraging a two-step textile manufacturing approach, a chiral metamaterial capable of exhibiting strong chiroptical responses at THz frequencies is demonstrated. Chiral-selective transmission and pronounced optical activity are experimentally observed. In sharp contrast to smart-clothing-related devices (e.g., textile antennas), the investigated chiral metamaterials gain their THz properties directly from the yarn-twisting enabled microhelical strings. It is envisioned that the interplay between meta-atom designs and textile manufacturing technology will lead to a new family of metadevices for complete control over the phase, amplitude, and polarization of THz radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Rui Hu
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Xiaotian Huang
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Shulin Hu
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Min Hu
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Huanhuan Xu
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Keshuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Shengxiang Wang
- Hubei Engineering and Technology Research Center for Functional Fiber Fabrication and Testing, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
- Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Micro-nano Medical Equipment and Key Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, 430200, China
| | - Lei Kang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Douglas H Werner
- Department of Electrical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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10
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Yin S, Zeng D, Chen Y, Huang W, Zhang C, Zhang W, E Y. Optically Controlled Terahertz Dynamic Beam Splitter with Adjustable Split Ratio. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12071169. [PMID: 35407287 PMCID: PMC9000664 DOI: 10.3390/nano12071169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The beam splitter is an important functional device due to its ability to steer the propagation of electromagnetic waves. The split-ratio-variable splitter is of significance for optical, terahertz and microwave systems. Here, we are the first (to our knowledge) to propose an optically controlled dynamic beam splitter with adjustable split ratio in the terahertz region. Based on the metasurface containing two sets of reversed phase-gradient supercells, we split the terahertz wave into two symmetrical beams. Associated with the reconfigurable pump laser pattern programmed with the spatial light modulator, dynamic modulation of the split ratio varying from 1:1 to 15:1 is achieved. Meanwhile, the beam splitter works at a split angle of 36° for each beam. Additionally, we obtain an exponential relationship between the split ratio and the illumination proportion, which can be used as theoretical guidance for beam splitting with an arbitrary split ratio. Our novel beam splitter shows an outstanding level of performance in terms of the adjustable split ratio and stable split angles and can be used as an advanced method to develop active functional devices applied to terahertz systems and communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.Y.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Dehui Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.Y.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuting Chen
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.Y.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
| | - Wei Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.Y.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center of RF-Microwave Technology and Application, School of Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Wentao Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing, School of Optoelectronic Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, China; (S.Y.); (D.Z.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: (W.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Yiwen E
- The Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA;
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11
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Hu Y, Xiong Y. High-Q and tunable analog of electromagnetically induced transparency in terahertz all-dielectric metamaterial. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:1500-1506. [PMID: 35201036 DOI: 10.1364/ao.447262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel all-dielectric metamaterial (ADMM), to the best of our knowledge, with a simple structure to achieve the analog of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in the terahertz range. The ADMM is constructed by unit cells with two same silicon bar resonators on a quartz substrate. By breaking the symmetrical array of silicon resonators, the guided-mode resonance can be excited in the substrate, and the destructive interference between a broadband electric-dipole resonance and a narrowband guided-mode resonance gives rise to an EIT-like response. The EIT window can reach a high quality factor (Q-factor) over 1500 by carefully adjusting the asymmetry degree within the unit cell. A dynamically tunable ADMM was further developed by employing photoactive doped silicon. By varying the carrier density of the doped silicon through optical pump, the strength of the EIT-like resonance can be actively modulated, enabling an on-to-off switch of the slow-light effect. The designed ADMM can achieve a high-Q EIT-like response and dynamic modulation, which may give potential applications in bio/chemical sensing, optical switching, and slow-light devices.
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Kim S, Hong D, Sattorov M, Kim S, Yoo YJ, Park SY, Park GS. Full manipulation of transparency and absorption through direct tuning of dark modes in high-Q Fano metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:3443-3454. [PMID: 35209602 DOI: 10.1364/oe.449968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the line shape of Fano resonance has continued to attract significant research attention in recent years owing to its practical applications such as lasing, biosensing, and slow-light devices. However, controllable Fano resonances always require stringent alignment of complex symmetry-breaking structures; therefore, the manipulation can only be performed with limited degrees of freedom and a narrow tuning range. This work demonstrates dark-mode excitation tuning independent of the bright mode for the first time, to the authors' knowledge, in asymmetric Fano metamaterials. Metallic subwavelength slits are arranged to form asymmetric unit cells and generate a broad and bright (radiative) Fabry-Perot mode and a sharp and dark (non-radiative) surface mode. The introduction of the independent radial and angular asymmetries realizes independent control of the Fano phase (q) and quality factor (Q). This tunability provides a dynamic phase shift while maintaining a high-quality factor, enabling switching between nearly perfect transmission and absorption, which is confirmed both numerically and experimentally. The proposed scheme for fully controlled Fano systems can aid practical applications such as phase-sensitive switching devices.
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Yang M, Li T, Yan X, Liang L, Yao H, Sun Z, Li J, Li J, Wei D, Wang M, Ye Y, Song X, Zhang H, Yao J. Dual-Stimulus Control for Ultra-Wideband and Multidimensional Modulation in Terahertz Metasurfaces Comprising Graphene and Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:2155-2165. [PMID: 34958542 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c15222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites and graphene are receiving a meteoric rise in popularity in the field of active photonics because they exhibit excellent optoelectronic properties for dynamic manipulation of light-matter interactions. However, challenges still exist, such as the instability of perovskites under ambient conditions and the low Fermi level of graphene in experiments. These shortcomings limit the scope of applications when they are used alone in advanced optical devices. However, the combination of graphene and perovskites is still a promising route for efficient control of light-matter interactions. Here, we report a dual-optoelectronic metadevice fabricated by integrating terahertz metasurfaces with a sandwich complex composed of graphene, polyimide, and perovskites for ultra-wideband and multidimensional manipulation of higher-order Fano resonances. Owing to the photogenerated carriers and electrostatic doping effect, the dual optoelectronic metadevice showed different manipulation behavior at thermal imbalance (electrostatic doping state of the system). The modulation depth of the transmission amplitude reached 200%, the total resonant frequency shift was 800 GHz, and the tunable range of the resonant frequency was 68.8%. In addition, modulation of the maximum phase reached 346°. This work will inspire a new generation of metasurface-based optical devices that combine two active materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Yang
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tengteng Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xin Yan
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Lanju Liang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Haiyun Yao
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Zhaoqing Sun
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Education Ministry of China, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jie Li
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Dequan Wei
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Opto-Electronic Engineering, Zao Zhuang University, Zao Zhuang 277160, China
| | - Yunxia Ye
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaoxian Song
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Haiting Zhang
- Institute of Micro-Nano Optoelectronics and Terahertz Technology, and School of Mechanical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jianquan Yao
- College of Precision Instruments and Opto-Electronics Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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Li K, Li D, Zhang Y. Terahertz Spectral Properties of 5-Substituted Uracils. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21248292. [PMID: 34960387 PMCID: PMC8706476 DOI: 10.3390/s21248292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Applications of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) in the fields of chemistry and biomedicine have recently received increased attention. Specifically, THz-TDS is particularly effective for the identification of alkaloid molecules, because it can distinguish the vibration types of base molecules in the THz band and provide a direct characteristic spectrum for the configuration and conformation of biomolecules. However, when THz-TDS technology is used to identify alkaloid molecules, most of them are concentrated in the 0.1-3.0 THz band, limiting the amount of information that can be obtained. In this work, a wide-spectrum THz-TDS system was independently built to explore the absorption spectra of uracil and its 5-substituents in the range of 1.3-6.0 THz. We found that, in the THz band, uracil and its 5-substituents have similar absorption peaks near 4.9 and 3.3 THz, while the 5-substituents have an additional absorption peak in the range of 1.5-2.5 THz. This absorption peak is red-shifted as the relative atomic mass of the 5-substituted atoms increases. Gaussian software was adopted to calculate the absorption spectra of the samples. The simulation conclusions were in good agreement with the experimental results, revealing that the vibration of the base molecule at low frequencies can be attributed to the inter-molecular vibration. This work demonstrates that THz-TDS technology can be used to accurately identify biomolecules with similar molecular structures, reflecting the importance of molecular structure in biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaixuan Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Ding Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Metamaterials and Devices, Key Laboratory of Terahertz Optoelectronics, Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Imaging Theory and Technology, Department of Physics, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
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Li C, Jiang L, Ma Q, Teng Y, Bian B, Yu M, Hua M, Liu X, He J, Su R, Jiang C. Electrically tunable terahertz switch based on superconducting subwavelength hole arrays. APPLIED OPTICS 2021; 60:7530-7535. [PMID: 34613218 DOI: 10.1364/ao.435569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally demonstrate an electrically tunable superconducting device capable of switching the extraordinary terahertz (THz) transmission. The planar device consists of subwavelength hole arrays with real-time control capability. The maximum transmission coefficient at 0.33 THz is 0.98 and decreases to 0.17 when the applied voltage only increases to 1.3 V. A relative intensity modulation of 82.7% is observed, making this device an efficient THz switch. Additionally, this device exhibits good narrow-bandpass characteristics within 2 THz, which can be used as a frequency-selective component. This study offers an ideal tuning method and delivers a promising approach for designing active and miniaturized devices in THz cryogenic systems.
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Ren K, Zhang Y, Ren X, He Y, Han Q. Polarization-sensitive and active controllable electromagnetically induced transparency in U-shaped terahertz metamaterials. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2021; 14:221-228. [PMID: 36637661 PMCID: PMC9743894 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-019-0921-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) phenomenon is observed in simple metamaterial which consists of concentric double U-shaped resonators (USRs). The numerical and theoretical analysis reveals that EIT arises from the bright-bright mode coupling. The transmission spectra at different polarization angle of incident light shows that EIT transparency window is polarization sensitive. More interestingly, Fano resonance appears in the transmission spectrum at certain polarization angles. The sharp and asymmetric Fano lineshape is high valuable for sensing. The performance of sensor is investigated and the sensitivity is high up to 327 GHz/RIU. Furthermore, active control of EIT window is realized by incorporating photosensitive silicon. The proposed USR structure is simple and compact, which may find significant applications in tunable integrated devices such as biosensor, filters, and THz modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ren
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University; Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University; Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaobin Ren
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300222, China
| | - Yumeng He
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University; Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Qun Han
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering, Tianjin University; Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300072, China
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Hu Y, Tong M, Xu Z, Cheng X, Jiang T. Bifunctional Spatiotemporal Metasurfaces for Incident Angle-Tunable and Ultrafast Optically Switchable Electromagnetically Induced Transparency. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006489. [PMID: 33838009 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Advances in tunable metamaterials/metasurfaces facilitates their utilization in novel optical components, and lead to many breakthroughs in light tailoring by giving birth to diverse spatiotemporal dynamics. In the ascendant field of terahertz (THz) photonics, the ultrafast modulation is the fundamental process of technological advancements in high-speed wireless communications, sensing, and imaging. However, the current research efforts have been mainly devoted to studies of single functionality under the control of one stimulus, which has plateaued in terms of innovative new features. Here, building on the incident angle-induced C2 symmetry breaking of split ring pairs, we experimentally demonstrate extremely versatile, ultrafast THz switching behaviors at continuously alterable resonant states. The direction-controlled resonance hybridization provides another excellent degree of routing freedom, owing to its robustness, simplicity, and wide tunability. By leveraging such virtues, single LC mode and EIT-like resonance under normal and oblique incidence conditions are both effectively switched-off by means of photon injection. Considering the ultrashort lifetime of free carriers in MoSe2 crystal, the corresponding transient dynamics show an ultrafast recovery time within 700 ps. The strategy proposed here is a viable pathway for multidimensional THz wave manipulation, which gears up a crucial step for diversified functionalities in deployable metaphotonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Hu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Mingyu Tong
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Zhongjie Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Xiangai Cheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, China
| | - Tian Jiang
- Beijing Interdisciplinary Research Center, National University of Defense Technology, Beijing, 100010, China
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Yan F, Li Q, Wang Z, Tian H, Li L. Extremely high Q-factor terahertz metasurface using reconstructive coherent mode resonance. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:7015-7023. [PMID: 33726211 DOI: 10.1364/oe.417367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High Q-factor resonance has a pivotal role in wide applications for manipulating electromagnetic waves. However, high Q-factor resonance, especially in the terahertz (THz) regime, has been a challenge faced by plasmonic metamaterials due to the inherent ohmic and radiation losses. Here, we theoretically present a unique metasurface scheme to produce extremely high Q-factor Fano resonance of the reconstructive coherent mode in the THz regime. The THz metasurface is composed of periodically arranged vertical symmetric split ring resonators (SRRs), which can produce perfect reconstructive coherent coupling effect in the sense that dipole radiation is destructively suppressed. Under the polarized electric field perpendicular to SRR gap, the surface currents are out of phase for an individual SRR, leading to the cancellation of net dipole moment. The reconstructive coherent mode resonance can occur between each SRR and its neighboring SRRs, accompanied by destructive interference of the scattered fields of each SRR. This is due to the coupling between the localized resonance of individual particles and the Rayleigh anomaly of the array. The proposed metasurface can significantly suppress far-field radiation and perform an extremely high Q-factor beyond 104 level with large modulation depth in the THz region, which pushes the advancement of THz high Q-factor resonance. The extremely high Q-factor of reconstructive coherent mode is tunable by adjusting the geometry parameters. The design strategy is useful to develop ultra-sensitive sensors, narrow-band filters and strong interaction of field-matter in the THz regime.
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Electrically adjusted infrared transmittance of a functioned silicon via an au nano‐cone metasurface. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Yan Z, Zhang Z, Du W, Wu W, Hu T, Yu Z, Gu P, Chen J, Tang C. Graphene Multiple Fano Resonances Based on Asymmetric Hybrid Metamaterial. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E2408. [PMID: 33276469 PMCID: PMC7761262 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate multiple Fano resonances in an asymmetric hybrid graphene-metal metamaterial. The multiple Fano resonances emerge from the coupling of the plasmonic narrow bonding and antibonding modes supported by an in-plane graphene nanoribbon dimer with the broad magnetic resonance mode supported by a gold split-ring resonator. It is found that the Fano resonant mode with its corresponding dark mode of the antibonding mode in the in-plane graphene nanoribbon dimer is only achieved by structural symmetry breaking. The multiple Fano resonances can be tailored by tuning the structural parameters and Fermi levels. Active control of the multiple Fano resonances enables the proposed metamaterial to be widely applied in optoelectronic devices such as tunable sensors, switches, and filters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Yan
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (T.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhixing Zhang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (T.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Wei Du
- College of Physics Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China;
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (T.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Taoping Hu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (T.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Zi Yu
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (Z.Y.); (Z.Z.); (W.W.); (T.H.); (Z.Y.)
| | - Ping Gu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Jing Chen
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Microelectronics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China; (P.G.); (J.C.)
| | - Chaojun Tang
- College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
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Fu T, Liu F, An Y, Li Q, Xiao GL, Sun TY, Li HO. Narrow-band asymmetric transmission based on the dark mode of Fano resonance on symmetric trimeric metasurfaces. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:30141-30149. [PMID: 33114898 DOI: 10.1364/oe.403281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric transmission (AT) is useful for polarization manipulation. We report narrowband AT that utilizes a triple-layered symmetric trimeric metasurface with near-field coupling of the dark mode of the Fano resonance. The coupling strength of the dark mode was tuned by using a mid-layer to break the dim AT between two slit layers. The peak transmission of linearly polarized waves and percentage bandwidth reached 0.7719 and 1.26% (numerical simulations) and 0.49 and 1.9% (experiments), respectively. Coupled-mode theory and field patterns are utilized to explain the underlying physical mechanisms of the mid-layer assisted field coupling. These results are useful for Fano-resonance-based devices.
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Zhang S, Zhu X, Xiao W, Shi H, Wang Y, Chen Z, Chen Y, Sun K, Muskens OL, De Groot CH, Liu SD, Duan H. Strongly coupled evenly divided disks: a new compact and tunable platform for plasmonic Fano resonances. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:325202. [PMID: 32340011 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab8d68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic artificial molecules are promising platforms for linear and nonlinear optical modulation at various regimes including the visible, infrared and terahertz bands. Fano resonances in plasmonic artificial structures are widely used for controlling spectral lineshapes and tailoring of near-field and far-field optical response. Generation of a strong Fano resonance usually relies on strong plasmon coupling in densely packed plasmonic structures. Challenges in reproducible fabrication using conventional lithography significantly hinders the exploration of novel plasmonic nanostructures for strong Fano resonance. In this work, we propose a new class of plasmonic molecules with symmetric structure for Fano resonances, named evenly divided disk, which shows a strong Fano resonance due to the interference between a subradiant anti-bonding mode and a superradiant bonding mode. We successfully fabricated evenly divided disk structures with high reproducibility and with sub-20 nm gaps, using our recently developed sketch and peel lithography technique. The experimental spectra agree well with the calculated response, indicating the robustness of the Fano resonance for the evenly divided disk geometry. Control experiments reveal that the strength of the Fano resonance gradually increases when increasing the number of split parts on the disk from three to eight individual segments. The Fano-resonant plasmonic molecules that can also be reliably defined by our unique fabrication approach open up new avenues for application and provide insight into the design of artificial molecules for controlling light-matter interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan university, Changsha 410082, People's Republic of China
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Gingras L, Jaber A, Maleki A, Reshef O, Dolgaleva K, Boyd RW, Ménard JM. Ultrafast modulation of the spectral filtering properties of a THz metasurface. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:20296-20304. [PMID: 32680092 DOI: 10.1364/oe.395508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate ultrafast tuning of a plasmonic spectral filter at terahertz (THz) frequencies. The device is made of periodically spaced gold crosses deposited on the surface of an undoped silicon wafer in which transient free carriers can be optically injected with a femtosecond resonant pulse. We demonstrate the concept by measuring the transmission spectrum of a notch filter using time-domain THz spectroscopy. Proper synchronization of the THz probe and visible excitation pulses leads to an enhanced transmission at the resonance by more than two orders of magnitude. Finite-difference time-domain simulations, which are in agreement with the experimental results, show that the underlying mechanisms responsible for the resonance blueshift and linewidth broadening can be attributed to the photoinduced change in dielectric properties of the substrate. This is supported by the numerically simulated field distribution and reflection/transmission coefficients. The device can be used in future pulse shaping and ultrafast switching experiments.
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Hu Y, You J, Tong M, Zheng X, Xu Z, Cheng X, Jiang T. Pump-Color Selective Control of Ultrafast All-Optical Switching Dynamics in Metaphotonic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000799. [PMID: 32714770 PMCID: PMC7375251 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating active materials into metamaterials is expected to yield exciting advancements in the unprecedented versatility of dynamically controlling optical properties, which sheds new light on the future optoelectronics. The exploration of emerging semiconductors into terahertz (THz) meta-atoms potentially allows achieving ultrafast nanodevices driven by various applications, such as biomedical sensing/imaging, ultrawide-band communications and security scanners. However, ultrafast optical switching of THz radiation is currently limited to a single level of tuning speed, which is a main hurdle to achieve multifunctionalities. Here, a hybrid metadevice which can realize the pump-wavelength controlled ultrafast switching response by the functionalization of double photoactive layers is demonstrated experimentally. A whole cycle of electromagnetically induced transparency switching with a half-recovery state changes from 0.78 ns to 8.8 ps as pump wavelength varies from near infrared to near ultraviolet regions. The observed pump-color selective switching speed changing from nanosecond scale to picosecond scale is ascribed to the wavelength-dependent penetration length of Ge and the contrasting defect states between noncrystalline Ge and epitaxial Si layers. It is believed that the schemes regarding pump-color controllable ultrafast switching behavior introduced here can inspire more innovations across the field of ultrafast photonics and can boost the reconfigurable metamaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuze Hu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Jie You
- National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijing100010P. R. China
| | - Mingyu Tong
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Xin Zheng
- National Innovation Institute of Defense TechnologyBeijing100010P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Xu
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Xiangai Cheng
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
| | - Tian Jiang
- College of Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha410073P. R. China
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Bi S, Li Q, Asare-Yeboah K, Na J, Sun Y, Jiang C. Ultra-High-Responsivity Vertical Nanowire-based Phototransistor under Standing-Wave Plasmon Mode Interaction Induced by Near-Field Circular OLED. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:3947-3954. [PMID: 32352303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High-responsivity photodevices are strongly desired for various demanding applications, such as optical communications, logic circuits, and sensors. The use of quantum and photon confinement has enabled a true revolution in the development of high-performance devices. Unfortunately, many practical optoelectronic devices exhibit intermediate sizes where resonant enhancement effects seem to be insignificant. Here we design and fabricate an ultra-high-responsivity organic-light-emitting-diode-induced nanowire resonance phototransistor (ONRPT) based on standing-wave resonance in the nanoscale cavity, subjected to a near-field light. Observations of the ONRPT in standing-wave resonance mode indicate a >104 enhancement in the on/off ratio and a six times higher subthreshold slope when compared with the ONRPT in non-resonance mode. The ONRPT, which leads itself to outstanding electrical and favorably stable performance, opens up a plethora of opportunities for high-efficiency energy devices and allows for nanowire applications in the solar cell, piezo-photonic detectors, and optical modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Bi
- Institute of Photoelectric Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Qikun Li
- Institute of Photoelectric Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Kyeiwaa Asare-Yeboah
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Penn State Behrend, Erie, Pennsylvania 16563, United States
| | - Jin Na
- Institute of Photoelectric Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yeqing Sun
- Institute of Photoelectric Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Chengming Jiang
- Institute of Photoelectric Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Key Laboratory for Precision and Non-traditional Machining Technology of the Ministry of Education, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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26
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Zhu W, Fan Y, Li C, Yang R, Yan S, Fu Q, Zhang F, Gu C, Li J. Realization of a near-infrared active Fano-resonant asymmetric metasurface by precisely controlling the phase transition of Ge 2Sb 2Te 5. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:8758-8767. [PMID: 32091041 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09889e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A metasurface is one of the most effectual platforms for the manipulation of complex optical fields. One of the current challenges in the field is to develop active or reconfigurable functionalities to extend its operation band which is limited by its intrinsic resonant nature. Here we demonstrate a kind of active Fano-resonant asymmetric metasurface in the near-infrared (NIR) region with heterostructures made of a layer of asymmetric split-ring resonators and a thin layer of phase-change material (PCM). In the asymmetric metasurface, significant tunability in the frequency, Q-factor and strength of the Fano resonance are all achieved by precisely controlling the phase transition of the contained PCM Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), together with changing the geometric asymmetry of the split-ring resonators. Moreover, we provide a complete transition process of the optical properties for GST and an optimized modulation on the active Fano-resonant metasurface. Our approach to dynamically control a Fano-resonant metasurface paves the way to realizing various active photonic meta-devices involving PCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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27
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Yang M, Song X, Zhang H, Ye Y, Ren Y, Ren X, Yao J. Position-guided Fano resonance and amended GaussAmp model for the control of slow light in hybrid graphene-silicon metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:11933-11945. [PMID: 32403694 DOI: 10.1364/oe.388298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Position-guided Fano resonance is observed in hybrid graphene-silicon metamaterials. An outstanding application of such resonance is slow-light metadevices. The maximum group delay is 9.73 ps, which corresponds to a group delay in free-space propagation of 2.92 mm. We employ a coupled oscillator model to illustrate anomalous transmission, where the intensity of the Fano peak increases with the Fermi level. Furthermore, we amend the GaussAmp model to serve as a suitable control equation for the group delay. The coefficient of correlation (R2) is as high as 0.99998, while the lowest values of the root-mean-square error and sum of squared errors are respectively 0.00421 and 0.00156. These results indicate that the amended GaussAmp model accurately controls the trend of the group delay. This work not only clarifies the mechanism of Fano resonance generation but also provides a promising platform for dynamically adjustable optical switches and multidimensional information sensors.
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28
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Xu J, Jia D, Liu Y, Tian Y, Yu X. Tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber actuated by thermomechanical bimaterial microcantilevers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:10329-10336. [PMID: 32225620 DOI: 10.1364/oe.385948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report a tunable terahertz (THz) metamaterial absorber (MA) actuated by thermomechanical bimaterial microcantilevers. The THz MA, which is suspended on a silicon substrate by the bimaterial microcantilevers, is a sandwich structure with a bottom Al ground plane, middle air and SiNx dielectric layers, and a top Al rotationally symmetric open split ring resonator. Upon application of a current, a Ti heating resistor integrated on the SiNx dielectric layer induces the bimaterial microcantilevers to bend, causing the air layer thickness to change, modulating the absorption of the THz MA. The tunable THz MA exhibited a relative modulation depth of absorption of 28.1% at 0.69 THz and a thermomechanical sensitivity of 0.12°/K. This tunable THz MA has potential applications in filtering, modulation, control, and THz imaging.
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29
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Kumar A, Solanki A, Manjappa M, Ramesh S, Srivastava YK, Agarwal P, Sum TC, Singh R. Excitons in 2D perovskites for ultrafast terahertz photonic devices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaax8821. [PMID: 32128397 PMCID: PMC7034985 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax8821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites have emerged as promising candidates for environmentally stable solar cells, highly efficient light-emitting diodes, and resistive memory devices. The remarkable existence of self-assembled quantum well (QW) structures in solution-processed 2D perovskites offers a diverse range of optoelectronic properties, which remain largely unexplored. Here, we experimentally observe ultrafast relaxation of free carriers in 20 ps due to the quantum confinement of free carriers in a self-assembled QW structures that form excitons. Furthermore, hybridizing the 2D perovskites with metamaterials on a rigid and a flexible substrate enables modulation of terahertz fields at 50-GHz modulating speed, which is the fastest for a solution-processed semiconductor-based photonic device. Hence, an exciton-based ultrafast response of 2D perovskites opens up large avenues for a wide range of scalable dynamic photonic devices with potential applications in flexible photonics, ultrafast wavefront control, and short-range wireless terahertz communications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Ankur Solanki
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Manukumara Manjappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Sankaran Ramesh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Energy Research Institute @NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, S2-B3a-01, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Piyush Agarwal
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (T.C.S.); (R.S.)
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
- Corresponding author. (T.C.S.); (R.S.)
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Active Switching of Extremely High-Q Fano Resonances Using Vanadium Oxide-Implanted Terahertz Metamaterials. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate an active switching of extremely high Q-factor Fano resonances using vanadium oxide (VO2)-implanted THz asymmetric double C-shaped metamaterial (MM) structures. The simulation results indicate the highly temperature-sensitive nature of the double Fano resonances that can be switched at very low external thermal pumping (68 °C), which is only slightly higher than room temperature. We employ the surface current and electric field distributions of the structure to analyze the physical mechanism of the observed switching behavior in the thermally excited Fano MMs. More importantly, by optimizing the asymmetric parameter (offset length), the linewidth of the Fano resonance can reach only 0.015 THz and the Q-factor is as high as 98, which is one order of magnitude higher than that of the traditional MMs. The findings of this work would enable a thermally-induced high-Q Fano resonance MMs for ultra-sensitive sensors, modulators, low threshold switching in metadevices.
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Ren XB, Ren K, Zhang Y, Ming CG, Han Q. Multiple Fano resonances with flexible tunablity based on symmetry-breaking resonators. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 10:2459-2467. [PMID: 31921524 PMCID: PMC6941448 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.10.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A symmetry-breaking nanostructure is proposed to achieve multiple Fano resonances. The nanostructure consists of an asymmetric ring resonator coupled to a plasmonic waveguide. The broken symmetry is introduced by deviating the centers of regular ring. New resonant modes that are not accessible through a regular symmetric ring cavity are excited. Thus, one asymmetric cavity can provide more than one resonant mode with the same mode order. As a result, the interval of Fano resonances is greatly reduced. By combining different rings with different degrees of asymmetry, multiple Fano resonances are generated. Those Fano resonances have different dependences on structural parameters due to their different physical origin. The resonance frequency and resonance peak number can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the degree of asymmetry. This research may provide new opportunities to design on-chip optical devices with great tuning performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao bin Ren
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Kun Ren
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering; Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering; Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Cheng guo Ming
- School of Science, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300222, China
| | - Qun Han
- College of Precision Instrument and Opto-electronics Engineering; Key Laboratory of Opto-electronics Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 300072, China
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32
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Zhao Z, Zhao H, Ako RT, Zhang J, Zhao H, Sriram S. Demonstration of group delay above 40 ps at terahertz plasmon-induced transparency windows. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:26459-26470. [PMID: 31674527 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.026459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we demonstrate one of the highest terahertz group delay of 42.4 ps achieved experimentally at 0.23 THz, on a flexible planar metamaterial. The unit cell of metasurface is made up of a textured closed cavity and another experimentally concentric metallic arc. By tuning the central angle of the metallic arc, its intrinsic dipolar mode is in destructive interference with the spoof localized surface plasmon (SLSP) on textured closed cavity, which results in a plasmon-induced transparency phenomenon. The measured transmittances of as-fabricated samples using terahertz-time domain spectroscopy validate numerical results using extended coupled Lorentz oscillator model. It is found that the coupling coefficient and damping ratio of SLSP relies on the radius of the ring structure of textured closed cavity. As a consequence, the slow light maximum values become manoeuverable in strength at certain frequencies of induced transparency windows. To the best of our knowledge, our experimental result is currently the highest value demonstrated so far within metasurface at terahertz band.
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Han S, Cong L, Srivastava YK, Qiang B, Rybin MV, Kumar A, Jain R, Lim WX, Achanta VG, Prabhu SS, Wang QJ, Kivshar YS, Singh R. All-Dielectric Active Terahertz Photonics Driven by Bound States in the Continuum. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901921. [PMID: 31368212 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable emergence of all-dielectric meta-photonics governed by the physics of high-index dielectric materials offers a low-loss platform for efficient manipulation and subwavelength control of electromagnetic waves from microwaves to visible frequencies. Dielectric metasurfaces can focus electromagnetic waves, generate structured beams and vortices, enhance local fields for advanced sensing, and provide novel functionalities for classical and quantum technologies. Recent advances in meta-photonics are associated with the exploration of exotic electromagnetic modes called the bound states in the continuum (BICs), which offer a simple interference mechanism to achieve large quality factors (Q) through excitation of supercavity modes in dielectric nanostructures and resonant metasurfaces. Here, a BIC-driven terahertz metasurface with dynamic control of high-Q silicon supercavities that are reconfigurable at a nanosecond timescale is experimentally demonstrated. It is revealed that such supercavities enable low-power, optically induced terahertz switching and modulation of sharp resonances for potential applications in lasing, mode multiplexing, and biosensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Han
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Longqing Cong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Bo Qiang
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Mikhail V Rybin
- Ioffe Institute, St Petersburg, 194021, Russia
- ITMO University, St Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ravikumar Jain
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Wen Xiang Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Venu Gopal Achanta
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Shriganesh S Prabhu
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Science, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, 400005, India
| | - Qi Jie Wang
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Centre for OptoElectronics and Biophotonics, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yuri S Kivshar
- ITMO University, St Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Nonlinear Physics Center, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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34
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Zhang S, Zhu X, Shi H, Wang Y, Chen Z, Duan H. Notched terahertz Bowtie metamaterials with strongly enhanced near-field and narrowed resonance linewidth. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6295-6299. [PMID: 31503773 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced near-field and quality factor of resonance are key issues in plasmonic structures. Here, we demonstrate a kind of notched bowtie metamaterials in the terahertz (THz) regime with narrow linewidth and extremely enhanced near field. The notched bowtie is a variation of common bowtie structure created by introducing symmetric notches on the two sides of the triangular metallic structure. Benefiting from the introduction of notches, the modulation depth of transmittance spectra and near-field enhancement of the notched bowtie arrays were strongly enhanced due to the increase of the structure-derived equivalent inductance. The results demonstrated that near-field enhancement can be increased to above 4000. In addition, the designed structure possesses a narrowed resonance linewidth, and thus an improved quality factor, which could be a promising platform for THz sensing and other potential applications of THz metamaterials.
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Yang M, Zhang Z, Liang L, Yan X, Wei D, Song X, Zhang H, Lu Y, Wang M, Yao J. Sensitive detection of the concentrations for normal epithelial cells based on Fano resonance metamaterial biosensors in terahertz range. APPLIED OPTICS 2019; 58:6268-6273. [PMID: 31503769 DOI: 10.1364/ao.58.006268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we have cultured normal epithelial cells (HaCaT) as analytes to detect the sensitivity of a biosensor based on Fano resonance metamaterials (FRMMs). The frequency shift Δf of the transmission spectrum was experimentally measured at three different concentrations (0.2×105, 0.5×105, and 5×105 cell/ml) of HaCaT cells. By employing the FRMMs-based biosensor, the detection concentration of HaCaT cells can approximately arrive at 0.2×105 cell/ml; further, the corresponding Δf is 25 GHz, which reaches the measurement limit of the THz-TDS system. Additionally, the increase of HaCaT cell concentration causes a different redshift of Δf from 24-50 GHz, and the maximum of Δf can reach 50 GHz when the HaCaT cell concentration is at 5×105 cell/ml. Similarly, the simulated results show that the Δf depends on the numbers of analytes with a semiball shape and the refractive index of analytes. The theoretical sensitivity was calculated to be 481 GHz/RIU. The proposed FRMMs-based biosensor paves a fascinating platform for biological and biomedical applications and may become a valuable complementary reference for traditional biological research.
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Manjappa M, Solanki A, Kumar A, Sum TC, Singh R. Solution-Processed Lead Iodide for Ultrafast All-Optical Switching of Terahertz Photonic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901455. [PMID: 31183925 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed lead iodide (PbI2 ) governs the charge transport characteristics in the hybrid metal halide perovskites. Besides being a precursor in enhancing the performance of perovskite solar cells, PbI2 alone offers remarkable optical and ultrasensitive photoresponsive properties that remain largely unexplored. Here, the photophysics and the ultrafast carrier dynamics of the solution processed PbI2 thin film is probed experimentally. A PbI2 integrated metamaterial photonic device with switchable picosecond time response at extremely low photoexcitation fluences is demonstrated. Further, findings show strongly confined terahertz field induced tailoring of sensitivity and switching time of the metamaterial resonances for different thicknesses of PbI2 thin film. The approach has two far reaching consequences: the first lead-iodide-based ultrafast photonic device and resonantly confined electromagnetic field tailored transient nonequilibrium dynamics of PbI2 which could also be applied to a broad range of semiconductors for designing on-chip, ultrafast, all-optical switchable photonic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manukumara Manjappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ankur Solanki
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Tze Chien Sum
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Center for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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Wang S, Cai C, You M, Liu F, Wu M, Li S, Bao H, Kang L, Werner DH. Vanadium dioxide based broadband THz metamaterial absorbers with high tunability: simulation study. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:19436-19447. [PMID: 31503703 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.019436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With their unprecedented flexibility in manipulating electromagnetic waves, metamaterials provide a pathway to structural materials that can fill the so-called "THz gap". It has been reported that vanadium dioxide (VO2) experiences a three orders of magnitude increase in THz electrical conductivity when it undergoes an insulator-to-metal transition. Here, we propose a VO2 based THz metamaterial absorber exhibiting broadband absorptivity that arises from the multiple resonances supported by a delicately balanced doubly periodic array of VO2 structures and numerically demonstrate that the corresponding absorption behavior is highly dependent on the VO2's THz electrical properties. Considering the phase transition induced dramatic change in VO2's material property, the proposed metamaterial absorbers have the potential for strong modulation and switching of broadband THz radiation.
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Lu W, Cui X, Chow TH, Shao L, Wang H, Chen H, Wang J. Switching plasmonic Fano resonance in gold nanosphere-nanoplate heterodimers. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9641-9653. [PMID: 31065663 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr01653h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The interference between spectrally overlapping superradiant and subradiant plasmon resonances generates plasmonic Fano resonance, which allows for attractive applications such as electromagnetically induced transparency, light trapping, and refractometric sensing with high figures of merit. The active switching of plasmonic Fano resonance holds great promise in modulating optical signals, dynamically harvesting light energy, and constructing switchable plasmonic sensors. However, structures enabling the active control of plasmonic Fano resonance have rarely been achieved because of the fabrication complexity and cost. Herein we report on the realization of active plasmonic Fano resonance switching on Au nanosphere-nanoplate heterodimers. The active switching is enabled by varying the refractive index of a layer of polyaniline that fills in the gap between the Au nanosphere and the Au nanoplate. A reversible spectral shift of 20 nm is observed on the individual heterodimers during switching. The maximal spectral shift decreases as the interparticle gap distance is enlarged, showing a strong dependence of the spectral shift on the local electric field intensity enhancement in the gap region. This trend agrees with the predicted dependence of the refractive index sensitivity on the local field intensity enhancement. Our results provide insights into the development of plasmonic structures supporting actively switchable Fano resonances, which can lead to new technological applications, such as switchable cloaking and display, dynamic coding of optical signals, color sorting and filtering. The Au heterodimers with polyaniline in the gap can also be applied for the sensing of local environmental parameters such as pH values and heavy metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenzheng Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Chen S, Li Z, Liu W, Cheng H, Tian J. From Single-Dimensional to Multidimensional Manipulation of Optical Waves with Metasurfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1802458. [PMID: 30767285 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Metasurfaces, 2D artificial arrays of subwavelength elements, have attracted great interest from the optical scientific community in recent years because they provide versatile possibilities for the manipulation of optical waves and promise an effective way for miniaturization and integration of optical devices. In the past decade, the main efforts were focused on the realization of single-dimensional (amplitude, frequency, polarization, or phase) manipulation of optical waves. Compared to the metasurfaces with single-dimensional manipulation, metasurfaces with multidimensional manipulation of optical waves show significant advantages in many practical application areas, such as optical holograms, sub-diffraction imaging, and the design of integrated multifunctional optical devices. Nowadays, with the rapid development of nanofabrication techniques, the research of metasurfaces has been inevitably developed from single-dimensional manipulation toward multidimensional manipulation of optical waves, which greatly boosts the application of metasurfaces and further paves the way for arbitrary design of optical devices. Herein, the recent advances in metasurfaces are briefly reviewed and classified from the viewpoint of different dimensional manipulations of optical waves. Single-dimensional manipulation and 2D manipulation of optical waves with metasurfaces are discussed systematically. In conclusion, an outlook and perspectives on the challenges and future prospects in these rapidly growing research areas are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Zhancheng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hua Cheng
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
| | - Jianguo Tian
- The Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, School of Physics and Teda Institute of Applied Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
- The Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030006, China
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40
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Pitchappa P, Kumar A, Prakash S, Jani H, Venkatesan T, Singh R. Chalcogenide Phase Change Material for Active Terahertz Photonics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1808157. [PMID: 30687971 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201808157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The strikingly contrasting optical properties of various phases of chalcogenide phase change materials (PCM) has recently led to the development of novel photonic devices such as all-optical non-von Neumann memory, nanopixel displays, color rendering, and reconfigurable nanoplasmonics. However, the exploration of chalcogenide photonics is currently limited to optical and infrared frequencies. Here, a phase change material integrated terahertz metamaterial for multilevel nonvolatile resonance switching with spatial and temporal selectivity is demonstrated. By controlling the crystalline proportion of the PCM film, multilevel, non-volatile, terahertz resonance switching states with long retention time at zero hold power are realized. Spatially selective reconfiguration at sub-metamaterial scale is shown by delivering electrical stimulus locally through designer interconnect architecture. The PCM metamaterial also features ultrafast optical modulation of terahertz resonances with tunable switching speed based on the crystalline order of the PCM film. The multilevel nonvolatile, spatially selective, and temporally tunable PCM metamaterial will provide a pathway toward development of novel and disruptive terahertz technologies including spatio-temporal terahertz modulators for high speed wireless communication, neuromorphic photonics, and machine-learning metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Pitchappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Saurav Prakash
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Hariom Jani
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
| | - Thirumalai Venkatesan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411, Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456, Singapore
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117542, Singapore
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117575, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonic Institute, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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41
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Seliuta D, Šlekas G, Valušis G, Kancleris Ž. Fano resonance arising due to direct interaction of plasmonic and lattice modes in a mirrored array of split ring resonators. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:759-762. [PMID: 30767980 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that the direct interaction of plasmonic and lattice modes can lead to Fano-type resonance in a mirrored array of simple split ring resonators. The physics behind the effect is overlapping of the frequencies of the lowest lattice mode and the broadband plasmonic mode, which plays the role of a continuum, whereas the lattice mode manifests itself as a discrete state. The overlapping is achieved by mirror symmetric orientation of two adjacent split ring resonators, which increases the lattice period twice. We have revealed that a further increase in the period of the modified array leads to a shift of the Fano resonance to a lower frequency. High quality factor of Fano resonance, around 100, has been evidenced experimentally.
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42
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Li S, Nugraha PS, Su X, Chen X, Yang Q, Unferdorben M, Kovács F, Kunsági-Máté S, Liu M, Zhang X, Ouyang C, Li Y, Fülöp JA, Han J, Zhang W. Terahertz electric field modulated mode coupling in graphene-metal hybrid metamaterials. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:2317-2326. [PMID: 30732270 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.002317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the tunable conductivity of graphene under high terahertz (THz) electric field, a graphene-metal hybrid metamaterial consisting of an array of three adjoined orthogonally oriented split-ring resonators (SRRs) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to show a maximum modulation depth of 23% in transmission when the THz peak field reaches 305 kV/cm. The transmission of the sample is dominated by the antisymmetric and symmetric resonant modes originating from the strong magneto-inductive and conductive coupling among the three SRRs, respectively. Numerical simulations and model calculations based on a coupled oscillator theory were performed to explain the modulation process. It is found that the graphene coating impairs the resonances by increasing the damping of the modes and decreasing the coupling between the SRRs whereas the strong THz field restores the resonances by decreasing the conductivity of graphene.
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43
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Xu ST, Mou LL, Fan F, Chen S, Zhao Z, Xiang D, Jung de Andrade M, Liu Z, Chang SJ. Mechanical modulation of terahertz wave via buckled carbon nanotube sheets. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:28738-28750. [PMID: 30470046 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.028738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of terahertz (THz) wave plays an important role in THz imaging, communication, and detection. The difficulty in manipulating the THz wave includes single function, untunable, and inconvenient integration. Here, we present a mechanically tunable THz polarizer by using stretchable buckled carbon nanotube sheets on natural rubber substrate (BCNTS/rubber). The transmittance and degree of polarization of THz wave can be modulated by stretching the BCNTS/rubber. The experiments showed that the degree of polarization increased from 17% to 97%, and the modulation depth reached 365% in the range of 0.2-1.2 THz, as the BCNTS/rubber was stretched from 0% to 150% strain. These changes can be also used for high strain sensing up to 150% strain, with a maximum sensitivity of 2.5 M/S. A spatial modulation of THz imaging was also realized by stretching and rotating BCNTS/rubber. The theoretical analysis and numerical modeling further confirm the BCNTS/rubber changes from weak anisotropic to highly anisotropic structure, which play key roles in THz wave modulation. This approach for active THz wave manipulation can be widely used in polarization imaging, wearable material for security, and highly sensitive strain sensing.
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44
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Manjappa M, Pitchappa P, Singh N, Wang N, Zheludev NI, Lee C, Singh R. Reconfigurable MEMS Fano metasurfaces with multiple-input-output states for logic operations at terahertz frequencies. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4056. [PMID: 30283070 PMCID: PMC6170453 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06360-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A broad range of dynamic metasurfaces has been developed for manipulating the intensity, phase and wavefront of electromagnetic radiation from microwaves to optical frequencies. However, most of these metasurfaces operate in single-input-output state. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a reconfigurable MEMS Fano resonant metasurface possessing multiple-input-output (MIO) states that performs logic operations with two independently controlled electrical inputs and an optical readout at terahertz frequencies. The far-field behaviour of Fano resonance exhibits XOR and XNOR operations, while the near-field resonant confinement enables the NAND operation. The MIO configuration resembling hysteresis-type closed-loop behaviour is realized through inducing electromechanically tuneable out-of-plane anisotropy in the near-field coupling of constituent resonator structures. The XOR metamaterial gate possesses potential applications in cryptographically secured terahertz wireless communication networks. Furthermore, the MIO features could lay the foundation for the realization of programmable and randomly accessible metamaterials with enhanced electro-optical performance across terahertz, infrared and optical frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manukumara Manjappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Prakash Pitchappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Navab Singh
- Institute of Microelectronics, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore, 117685, Singapore
| | - Nan Wang
- Institute of Microelectronics, 11 Science Park Road, Singapore, 117685, Singapore
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore, 117576, Singapore
- Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS (CISM), National University of Singapore, E6 #05-11F, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore, 117608, Singapore
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371, Singapore.
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore.
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45
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Wang C, Li X, Huang Y, Xu W, Zhou R, Wang R, Xie L, Ying Y. Metallic mesh devices-based terahertz parallel-plate resonators: characteristics and applications. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:24992-25002. [PMID: 30469607 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.024992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The capability to design, fabricate, and optimize metamaterials based on various structures and material platforms has been crucial for the rapid development of modern terahertz (THz) technology. While the detailed structures of artificial unit cells within a metamaterial is certainly worth investigating, there has been increasing demand to integrate novel metamaterials with a traditional functional photonic device to form a hybrid device, whose performance is so significantly improved as to be promising for real-world applications. In this study, we proposed, for the first time, a THz parallel-plate resonator based on metallic mesh devices (MMDs) for chemical sensing applications. We studied the influences of various structural parameters through simulations, fabricated MMD-based resonator devices, and fully characterized the device performance through THz spectroscopy experiments. Furthermore, we experimentally demonstrated that our device can detect a doxycycline hydrochloride aqueous solution whose concentrations is as low as 1 mg L-1 through resonance frequency shifts, evidencing the device sensitivity capable of delicate chemical sensing tasks. Our work presents a practical and low cost architecture for chemical sensing using THz radiation, which opens new avenues for numerous useful THz devices based on metamaterials.
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46
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Cong L, Srivastava YK, Zhang H, Zhang X, Han J, Singh R. All-optical active THz metasurfaces for ultrafast polarization switching and dynamic beam splitting. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2018; 7:28. [PMID: 30839550 PMCID: PMC6107012 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-018-0024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Miniaturized ultrafast switchable optical components with an extremely compact size and a high-speed response will be the core of next-generation all-optical devices instead of traditional integrated circuits, which are approaching the bottleneck of Moore's Law. Metasurfaces have emerged as fascinating subwavelength flat optical components and devices for light focusing and holography applications. However, these devices exhibit a severe limitation due to their natural passive response. Here we introduce an active hybrid metasurface integrated with patterned semiconductor inclusions for all-optical active control of terahertz waves. Ultrafast modulation of polarization states and the beam splitting ratio are experimentally demonstrated on a time scale of 667 ps. This scheme of hybrid metasurfaces could also be extended to the design of various free-space all-optical active devices, such as varifocal planar lenses, switchable vector beam generators, and components for holography in ultrafast imaging, display, and high-fidelity terahertz wireless communication systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longqing Cong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yogesh Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - Huifang Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xueqian Zhang
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaguang Han
- Center for Terahertz Waves and College of Precision Instrument and Optoelectronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Technology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
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47
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Zhou Z, Zhou T, Zhang S, Shi Z, Chen Y, Wan W, Li X, Chen X, Gilbert Corder SN, Fu Z, Chen L, Mao Y, Cao J, Omenetto FG, Liu M, Li H, Tao TH. Multicolor T-Ray Imaging Using Multispectral Metamaterials. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2018; 5:1700982. [PMID: 30027034 PMCID: PMC6051390 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201700982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent progress in ultrafast spectroscopy and semiconductor technology is enabling unique applications in screening, detection, and diagnostics in the Terahertz (T-ray) regime. The promise of efficaciously operation in this spectral region is tempered by the lack of devices that can spectrally analyze samples at sufficient temporal and spatial resolution. Real-time, multispectral T-ray (Mul-T) imaging is reported by designing and demonstrating hyperspectral metamaterial focal plane array (MM-FPA) interfaces allowing multiband (and individually tunable) responses without compromising on the pixel size. These MM-FPAs are fully compatible with existing microfabrication technologies and have low noise when operating in the ambient environment. When tested with a set of frequency switchable quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) for multicolor illumination, both MM-FPAs and QCLs can be tuned to operate at multiple discrete THz frequencies to match analyte "fingerprints." Versatile imaging capabilities are presented, including unambiguous identification of concealed substances with intrinsic and/or human-engineered THz characteristics as well as effective diagnosis of cancerous tissues without notable spectral signatures in the THz range, underscoring the utility of applying multispectral approaches in this compelling wavelength range for sensing/identification and medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Graduate StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid State TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineeringthe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
| | - Zhifeng Shi
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityWulumuqi Zhong Road 12Shanghai200040China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Wenjian Wan
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid State TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Xinxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Graduate StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai200031China
| | - Xinzhong Chen
- Department of Physics and AstronomyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY11794USA
| | | | - Zhanglong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid State TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityWulumuqi Zhong Road 12Shanghai200040China
| | - Ying Mao
- Department of NeurosurgeryHuashan Hospital of Fudan UniversityWulumuqi Zhong Road 12Shanghai200040China
| | - Juncheng Cao
- School of Graduate StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid State TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | | | - Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics and AstronomyStony Brook UniversityStony BrookNY11794USA
| | - Hua Li
- School of Graduate StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Key Laboratory of Terahertz Solid State TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
| | - Tiger H. Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer TechnologyShanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050China
- School of Graduate StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Department of Mechanical Engineeringthe University of Texas at AustinAustinTX78712USA
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai200031China
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48
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Zeng XX, Wang R, Xi XQ, Li B, Zhou J. Terahertz rare-earth orthoferrite metamaterials by 3-D direct writing technology. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:17056-17065. [PMID: 30119523 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.017056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) radiation excites electronic and optical modes of many materials, and controlling interaction of these materials with THz pulses provides a fascinating avenue to achieve unprecedented functionalities in return. Here, woodpile-structured rare-earth orthoferrite metamaterials built with 3-D direct ink writing technology are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. Polarization-independent THz refraction and switching of resonances by varying the number of layers in the structure, as well as the structural parameters and specimen support angle are achieved. Such all-rare-earth-orthoferrite dielectric metamaterials are easy to fabricate and can be very promising in developing efficient and low cost THz functional metadevices.
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49
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He X, Liu F, Lin F, Shi W. Graphene patterns supported terahertz tunable plasmon induced transparency. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:9931-9944. [PMID: 29715939 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.009931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The tunable plasmonic induced transparency has been theoretically investigated based on graphene patterns/SiO2/Si/polymer multilayer structure in the terahertz regime, including the effects of graphene Fermi level, structural parameters and operation frequency. The results manifest that obvious Fano peak can be observed and efficiently modulated because of the strong coupling between incident light and graphene pattern structures. As Fermi level increases, the peak amplitude of Fano resonance increases, and the resonant peak position shifts to high frequency. The amplitude modulation depth of Fano curves is about 40% on condition that the Fermi level changes in the scope of 0.2-1.0 eV. With the distance between cut wire and double semi-circular patterns increases, the peak amplitude and figure of merit increases. The results are very helpful to develop novel graphene plasmonic devices (e.g. sensors, modulators, and antenna) and find potential applications in the fields of biomedical sensing and wireless communications.
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50
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Lim WX, Manjappa M, Srivastava YK, Cong L, Kumar A, MacDonald KF, Singh R. Ultrafast All-Optical Switching of Germanium-Based Flexible Metaphotonic Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1705331. [PMID: 29327454 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating semiconductors as active media into metamaterials offers opportunities for a wide range of dynamically switchable/tunable, technologically relevant optical functionalities enabled by strong, resonant light-matter interactions within the semiconductor. Here, a germanium-thin-film-based flexible metaphotonic device for ultrafast optical switching of terahertz radiation is experimentally demonstrated. A resonant transmission modulation depth of 90% is achieved, with an ultrafast full recovery time of 17 ps. An observed sub-picosecond decay constant of 670 fs is attributed to the presence of trap-assisted recombination sites in the thermally evaporated germanium film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xiang Lim
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Manukumara Manjappa
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Yogesh Kumar Srivastava
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Longqing Cong
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Abhishek Kumar
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Kevin F MacDonald
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Ranjan Singh
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371, Singapore
- Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, The Photonics Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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