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Li L, Zhang W, Zhang J, Liu D, Li J, Ren J, Guo X, Lu X. Ab Initio Prediction of Two-Dimensional GeSiBi 2 Monolayer as Potential Anode Materials for Sodium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:40111-40122. [PMID: 39031063 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The conceptualization and deployment of electrode materials for rechargeable sodium-ion batteries are key concerns for next-generation energy storage systems. In this contribution, the configuration stability of single-layer GeSiBi2 is systematically discussed based on first-principles calculations, and its potential as an anode material is further investigated. It is demonstrated that the phonon spectrum confirms the dynamic stability and the adsorption energy identifies a strong interaction between Na atoms and the substrate material. The electronic bands indicative of inherent metallicity contribute to the enhancement of electronic conductivity after Na adsorption. The multilayer adsorption of Na provides a theoretical capacity of 361.7 mAh/g, which is comparable to that of other representative two-dimensional anode materials. Moreover, the low diffusion barriers of 0.19 and 0.15 eV further guarantee the fast diffusion kinetics. These contributions signal that GeSiBi2 can be a compatible candidate for sodium-ion batteries anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Junchen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Junqiang Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Processing and Recycling of Non-ferrous Metal, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
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2
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Jena MK, Mittal S, Pathak B. Precision Basecalling of Single DNA Nucleotide from Overlapped Transmission Readouts with Machine Learning Aided Solid-State Nanogap. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:29891-29901. [PMID: 38818926 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
DNA sequencing with the quantum tunneling technique heralds a paradigm shift in genetic analysis, promising rapid and accurate identification for diverging applications ranging from personalized medicine to security issues. However, the widespread distribution of molecular conductance, conduction orbital alignment for resonant transport, and decoding crisscrossing conductance signals of isomorphic nucleotides have been persistent experimental hurdles for swift and precise identification. Herein, we have reported a machine learning (ML)-driven quantum tunneling study with solid-state model nanogap to determine nucleotides at single-base resolution. The optimized ML basecaller has demonstrated a high predictive basecalling accuracy of all four nucleotides from seven distinct data pools, each containing complex transmission readouts of their different dynamic conformations. ML classification of quaternary, ternary, and binary nucleotide combinations is also performed with high precision, sensitivity, and F1 score. ML explainability unravels the evidence of how extracted normalized features within overlapped nucleotide signals contribute to classification improvement. Moreover, electronic fingerprints, conductance sensitivity, and current readout analysis of nucleotides have promised practical applicability with significant sensitivity and distinguishability. Through this ML approach, our study pushes the boundaries of quantum sequencing by highlighting the effectiveness of single nucleotide basecalling with promising implications for advancing genomics and molecular diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Sneha Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore Madhya Pradesh 453552, India
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3
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Abdel Aal S, Soliman KA, Shalabi AS. Single-and double transition metal atoms anchored C 2N as a high-activity catalyst for CO oxidation: A first-principles study. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 128:108704. [PMID: 38306789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The oxidation of CO has attracted great interest in recent years due to its important role in enhancing the catalyst durability in fuel cells and solving the growing environmental problems caused by CO emissions. Consequently, the catalytic oxidation of CO at double non-noble metal atoms anchored C2N is investigated using density functional theory (DFT) computations. All the screened Ti@C2N and Ti2@C2N are thermodynamically stable based on their binding energy calculations. The electronic characteristics, the natural bond orbital analyses (NBO), Frontier orbital, statistical thermodynamics, projected densities of states (PDOS) characteristics, non-covalent interactions (NCI), and quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) descriptors of these systems have been examined to analyze the interaction process. Our comparative study suggested that the newly predicted double-atom catalyst (Ti2@C2N) is highly active for CO oxidation, which is a useful guideline for further development. The calculated static first-order hyperpolarizability (βo) illustrated that the double-atom catalyst under investigation can be considered a potential candidate for non-linear optical behavior and could be used for NLO applications. CO oxidation on Ti2@C2N along the Eley-Rideal (ER) mechanism with a low energy barrier of 0.16 eV, which is smaller than the maximum energy barrier (0.73 eV) of CO oxidation along the Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) mechanism. Consequently, the ER mechanism is more favorable both thermodynamically and dynamically. This work can provide useful insights and guidelines for future theoretical and experimental investigations to promote the design and development of highly effective and low-cost non-precious-metal Ti2@C2N nanocatalysts towards CO oxidation at ambient temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Abdel Aal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benha University, P.O. Box 13518, Benha, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - K A Soliman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benha University, P.O. Box 13518, Benha, Egypt
| | - A S Shalabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Benha University, P.O. Box 13518, Benha, Egypt
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4
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Liu H, Li X, Chen H, Chen J, Shi Z. Graphyne-based 3D porous structure and its sandwich-type graphene structure for alkali metal ion battery anode materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8426-8435. [PMID: 38407835 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06164g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
In order to develop candidate materials for more metal ion battery anodes, a three-dimensional (3D) porous structure 3D-PGY was designed based on graphyne, and a sandwich structure graphene/PGY/graphene (G/PGY/G) was constructed by adjusting the distance between two layers of graphene with 3D-PGY as the middle layer. Systematic calculations have shown that 3D-PGY is thermally and mechanically stable even at temperatures up to 1000 K. Li can migrate in multiple diffusion directions in two structures because of its smaller radius while Na and K ions can only migrate through the larger pores. The energy barriers of Li, Na and K ions in 3D-PGY are 0.18, 0.43 and 0.27 eV respectively. After forming the sandwich structure with graphene, the minimum energy barriers of Li, Na and K ions are decreased to 0.12, 0.37 and 0.24 eV, respectively. As the anode for Li, Na, and K ion batteries, the theoretical specific capacities of 3D-PGY are about 558 mA h g-1, and the average open circuit voltages of 3D-PGY and G/PGY/G are about 0.48/0.52/0.29 and 1.08/1.04/1.39 V, respectively. Finally, using ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the diffusion coefficients for 3D-PGY at different temperatures, as well as for G/PGY/G at 400 K were obtained. The Li, Na and K ions in both structures can diffuse rapidly and have good rate capabilities. These excellent performances show that the graphyne-based 3D porous structure and its sandwich-type graphene structure are very promising for the development of new battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haidong Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaowei Li
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Haotian Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zixun Shi
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
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5
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Guo Y, Chen Y, Duan X. The confined surface C 2N/Pt(111) as a highly efficient catalyst for CO oxidation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:8177-8182. [PMID: 38380533 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
The problem of poisoning on the surface of catalysts used in CO oxidation reactions, such as Pt, needs to be solved. In this work, we constructed lattice-matched C2N/Pt(111) catalysts with different configurations (top/fcc/hcp) and found that, within the confined space between the cover and the substrate, the adsorption energy of CO is reduced by 0.35 eV to 0.43 eV, while the adsorption of other reactants O/O2 is strengthened and the adsorption energy of the product CO2 is positive, indicating that the constraint effect produced by C2N and Pt(111) is beneficial to CO oxidation, when compared to the pure Pt(111). Our work suggests that the C2N cover not only protects the Pt surface under harsh conditions but also allows gaseous molecules CO and O2 to approach the Pt surface through a facile intercalation process, with enhanced surface reactivity for CO oxidation and reduced catalyst poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Guo
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo-315211, P. R. China.
| | - Yongdao Chen
- Department of Physics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiangmei Duan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo-315211, P. R. China.
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6
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Yuan X, Hu X, Lin Q, Zhang S. Progress of charge carrier dynamics and regulation strategies in 2D C xN y-based heterojunctions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2283-2300. [PMID: 38321964 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc05976f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional carbon nitrides (CxNy) have gained significant attention in various fields including hydrogen energy development, environmental remediation, optoelectronic devices, and energy storage owing to their extensive surface area, abundant raw materials, high chemical stability, and distinctive physical and chemical characteristics. One effective approach to address the challenges of limited visible light utilization and elevated carrier recombination rates is to establish heterojunctions for CxNy-based single materials (e.g. C2N3, g-C3N4, C3N4, C4N3, C2N, and C3N). The carrier generation, migration, and recombination of heterojunctions with different band alignments have been analyzed starting from the application of CxNy with metal oxides, transition metal sulfides (selenides), conductive carbon, and Cx'Ny' heterojunctions. Additionally, we have explored diverse strategies to enhance heterojunction performance from the perspective of carrier dynamics. In conclusion, we present some overarching observations and insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with the development of advanced CxNy-based heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Yuan
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Xuemin Hu
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
- School of Material Engineering, Jinling Institute of Technology, Nanjing 211169, China
| | - Qiuhan Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
| | - Shengli Zhang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, P. R. China.
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7
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Yang Z, Li W, Zhang J. A metallic two-dimensional b-BS 2 monolayer as a superior Na/K-ion battery anode. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6208-6215. [PMID: 38305386 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04506d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials with light weight and ultra-high electrical conductivity are expected to exhibit high capacity as anodes of batteries. We have explored the curved square lattice BS2 (b-BS2) monolayer possessing a space group similar to the transition metal chloride (space group: P4̄M2). The electrochemical performance of the b-BS2 monolayer as the anode for various metal-ion batteries (Li, Na, K, Mg, Ca, and Al) has been investigated. It exhibits low diffusion energy barrier, high theoretical capacity, and low open circuit voltage for Na/K-ion batteries (SIBs/PIBs). The ultrahigh energy densities of 2146.08 and 715.36 mA h g-1 can be achieved with the stoichiometries BS2Na6 and BS2K2, respectively. Furthermore, the b-BS2 monolayer may be synthesized on the surfaces of metal substrate materials (Ag(111), Al(111), and Au(111)). These results indicate that the b-BS2 monolayer is a good candidate for the anode material of SIBs/PIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Yang
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Wenliang Li
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jingping Zhang
- Faculty of Chemistry, National & Local United Engineering Laboratory for Power Batteries, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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8
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Song W, Dai J, Zou F, Niu Y, Cong Y, Li Q, Pan Y. Tunable ohmic van der Waals-type contacts in monolayer C 3N field-effect transistors. RSC Adv 2024; 14:3820-3833. [PMID: 38274169 PMCID: PMC10808999 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Monolayer (ML) C3N, a novel two-dimensional flat crystalline material with a suitable bandgap and excellent carrier mobility, is a prospective channel material candidate for next-generation field-effect transistors (FETs). The contact properties of ML C3N-metal interfaces based on FETs have been comprehensively investigated with metal electrodes (graphene, Ti2C(OH/F)2, Zr2C(OH/F)2, Au, Ni, Pd, and Pt) by employing ab initio electronic structure calculations and quantum transport simulations. The contact properties of ML C3N are isotropic along the armchair and zigzag directions except for the case of Au. ML C3N establishes vertical van der Waals-type ohmic contacts with all the calculated metals except for Zr2CF2. The ML C3N-graphene, -Zr2CF2, -Ti2CF2, -Pt, -Pd, and -Ni interfaces form p-type lateral ohmic contacts, while the ML C3N-Ti2C(OH)2 and -Zr2C(OH)2 interfaces form n-type lateral ohmic contacts. The ohmic contact polarity can be regulated by changing the functional groups of the 2D MXene electrodes. These results provide theoretical insights into the characteristics of ML C3N-metal interfaces, which are important for choosing suitable electrodes and the design of ML C3N devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Song
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Jingrou Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Feihu Zou
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yize Niu
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yao Cong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, Institute of New Energy, College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China) Qingdao 266580 China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
| | - Yuanyuan Pan
- College of Physics, Center for Marine Observation and Communications, Qingdao University Qingdao China
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Batool H, Majid A, Ahmad S, Mubeen A, Alkhedher M, Saeed WS, Al-Owais AA, Afzal A. Phase-Dependent Properties of Manganese Oxides and Applications in Electrovoltaics. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:2457-2467. [PMID: 38250427 PMCID: PMC10795039 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study reports first-principles predictions as well as experimental synthesis of manganese oxide nanoparticles under different conditions. The theoretical part of the work comprised density functional theory (DFT)-based calculations and first-principles molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The extensive research efforts and the current challenges in enhancing the performance of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) provided motivation to explore the potential of these materials for use as an anode in the battery. The structural analysis of the synthesized samples carried out using X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the tetragonal structure of Mn3O4 on heating at 450 and 550 °C and the cubic structure of Mn2O3 on heating at 650 °C. The structures are found in the form of nanoparticles at 450 and 550 °C, but at 650 °C, the material appeared in the form of a nanoporous structure. Further, we investigated the electrochemical functionality of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 as anode materials for utilization in LIBs via MD simulations. Based on the investigations of their electrical, structural, diffusion, and storage behavior, the anodic character of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 is predicted. The findings indicated that 10 lithium atoms adsorb on Mn2O3, whereas 5 lithium atoms adsorb on Mn3O4 when saturation is taken into account. The storage capacities of Mn2O3 and Mn3O4 are estimated to be 1697 and 585 mAh g-1, respectively. The maximum value of lithium insertion voltage per Li in Mn2O3 is 0.93 and 0.22 V in Mn3O4. Further, the diffusion coefficient values are found as 2.69 × 10-9 and 2.65 × 10-10 m2 s-1 for Mn2O3 and Mn3O4, respectively, at 300 K. The climbing image nudged elastic band method (Cl-NEB) was implemented, which revealed activation energy barriers of Li as 0.30 and 0.75 eV for Mn2O3 and Mn3O4, respectively. The findings of the work revealed high specific capacity, low Li diffusion energy barrier, and low open circuit voltage for the Mn2O3-based anode for use in LIBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Batool
- Department
of Physics, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Majid
- Department
of Physics, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- Department
of Physics, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Adil Mubeen
- Department
of Physics, University of Gujrat, Hafiz Hayat Campus, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Alkhedher
- Mechanical
and Industrial Engineering Department, Abu
Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab
Emirates
| | - Waseem Sharaf Saeed
- Department
of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Abdulaziz Al-Owais
- Chemistry
Department, College of Science, King Saud
University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aqeel Afzal
- Ryan
Institute’s Centre for Climate and Air Pollution Studies, Physics,
School of Natural Sciences, University of
Galway, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland
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10
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Taseen TI, Julkarnain M, Islam AZMT. Design and simulation of nitrogenated holey graphene (C 2N) based heterostructure solar cell by SCAPS-1D. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23197. [PMID: 38148799 PMCID: PMC10750152 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The nitrogenated holey Graphene (C2N) based solar cell has been modeled and analyzed by using SCAPS-1D. Initially, a reported structure (TCO/IGZO/C2N) has been considered and improved by incorporating Al and Pt as front and back contact, respectively. Then, a novel device structure (Al/TCO/IGZO/C2N/CZT/Pt) has been proposed by inserting a BSF layer with heavily doped p-CZT material. The outcomes of the suggested cell structure have been analyzed numerically by changing different physical parameters. The absorber and BSF layer's thickness has been optimized as 0.6 μm and 0.4 μm, respectively. The cell performance is significantly declined when the bulk defect density in C2N exceeds the value of 1015 cm-3. The rising of device operating temperature shows a negative effect on performance. From this analysis, the structure has been optimized according to device performance. The optimized results have been achieved with the VOC, JSC, FF and efficiency (eta) of 1.40 V, 22.59 mA/cm2, 89.02%, and 28.16%, respectively. This research contributes to enriching the knowledge on the field of C2N materials and its use in optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasnimul Islam Taseen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
| | - M. Julkarnain
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 6205, Bangladesh
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11
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Wu S, Wang C, Liang H, Nong W, Zeng Z, Li Y, Wang C. High-Throughput Calculations for Screening d- and p-Block Single-Atom Catalysts toward Li 2 S/Na 2 S Decomposition Guided by Facile Descriptor beyond Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi Relationship. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305161. [PMID: 37641192 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Single-atom catalysts (SACs) are promising cathode materials for addressing issues faced by lithium-sulfur batteries. Considering the ample chemical space of SACs, high-throughput calculations are efficient strategies for their rational design. However, the high throughput calculations are impeded by the time-consuming determination of the decomposition barrier (Eb ) of Li2 S. In this study, the effects of bond formation and breakage on the kinetics of SAC-catalyzed Li2 S decomposition with g-C3 N4 as the substrate are clarified. Furthermore, a new efficient and easily-obtained descriptor Li─S─Li angle (ALi─S─Li ) of adsorbed Li2 S, different from the widely accepted thermodynamic data for predicting Eb , which breaks the well-known Brønsted-Evans-Polanyi relationship, is identified. Under the guidance of ALi─S─Li , several superior SACs with d- and p-block metal centers supported by g-C3 N4 are screened to accelerate the sulfur redox reaction and fix the soluble lithium polysulfides. The newly identified descriptor of ALi─S─Li can be extended to rationally design SACs for Na─S batteries. This study opens a new pathway for tuning the performance of SACs to catalyze the decomposition of X2 S (X = Li, Na, and K) and thus accelerate the design of SACs for alkaline-chalcogenide batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Wu
- State key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chenhui Wang
- State key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Haikuan Liang
- State key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Wei Nong
- State key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Zeng
- State key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- State key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
| | - Chengxin Wang
- State key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China
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12
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Gong J, Zhu J, He X, Yang J. Using a cyclocarbon additive as a cyclone separator to achieve fast lithiation and delithiation without dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:427-437. [PMID: 38078544 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04649d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Carbon materials are widely used for reversible lithium uptake in the anode of lithium-ion batteries. Nevertheless, the challenge of uncontrollable dendrite deposition during fast charge-discharge cycles remains a grand hurdle. Various strategies have been explored to prevent detrimental heterogeneous dendrite metal deposits, such as interface engineering and electrolyte modification, but they often compromise the reverse diffusion freedom of Li+ ions during discharging and are incompatible with the most mainstream use of graphite as an anode material. Here, we propose the incorporation of a novel carbon allotrope of cyclocarbon as a potential additive in the anode. In contrast to conventional carbon materials, density functional theory calculations reveal that cyclocarbon has a much higher affinity for Li atoms than Li+ ions, even surpassing the inherent cohesion of Li atoms, due to the charge transfer from the 2s orbital of Li atoms to the unique in-plane π orbital of cyclocarbon. Furthermore, ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that Li+ ions can shuttle freely back and forth across cyclocarbon, whereas the lithiation process for Li atoms occurs rapidly within picoseconds. The delithiation of Li atoms within cyclocarbon follows a voltage-gated mechanism that is effectively controlled by an external electric field of 3 V nm-1. Remarkably, cyclocarbon exhibits potential compatibility with commercialized graphite electrodes via the π-π interaction and also can be extended to sodium-ion and potassium-ion batteries. These distinct compatibility, scalability and electrochemical properties of cyclocarbon provide a new avenue to realize both safety and ultrafast rechargeable performance of ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Gong
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Jiabao Zhu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Xiao He
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
- New York University-East China Normal University Center for Computational Chemistry, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Jinrong Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Molecule Intelligent Syntheses, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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13
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Song D, Li J, Liu K, Guo J, Li H, Okulov A. Size- and Voltage-Dependent Electron Transport of C 2N-Rings-Based Molecular Chains. Molecules 2023; 28:7994. [PMID: 38138484 PMCID: PMC10745836 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28247994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
C2N-ring-based molecular chains were designed at the molecular level and theoretically demonstrated to show distinctive and valuable electron transport properties that were superior to the parent carbonaceous system and other similar nanoribbon-based molecular chains. This new -type molecular chain presented an exponential attenuation of the conductance and electron transmission with the length. Essentially, the molecular chain retained the electron-resonant tunneling within 7 nm and the dominant transport orbital was the LUMO. Shorter molecular chains with stronger conductance anomalously possessed a larger tunnel barrier energy, attributing to the compensation of a much smaller HOMO-LUMO gap, and these two internal factors codetermined the transport capacity. Some influencing factors were also studied. In contrast to the common O impurity with a tiny effect on electron transmission of the C2N rings chain, the common H impurity clearly improved it. When the temperature was less than 400 K, the electron transmission varied with temperature within a narrow range, and the structural disorder deriving from proper heating did not greatly modify the transmission possibility and the exponentially decreasing tendency with the length. In a non-equilibrium condition, the current increased overall with the bias but the growth rate varied with size. A valuable negative differential resistance (NDR) effect appeared in longer molecular chains with an even number of big carbon-nitrogen rings and strengthened with size. The emergence of such an effect originated from the reduction in transmission peaks. The conductance of longer molecular chains was enhanced with the voltage but the two shortest ones presented completely different trends. Applying the bias was demonstrated to be an effective way for C2N-ring-based molecular chains to slow down the conductance decay constant and affect the transport regime. C2N-ring-based molecular chains show a perfect application in tunneling diodes and controllable molecular devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (D.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Jie Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (D.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Kun Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212100, China; (D.S.); (K.L.)
| | - Junnan Guo
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory for Liquid-Solid Structural Evolution and Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China;
| | - Artem Okulov
- M.N. Mikheev Institute of Metal Physics, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg 620077, Russia;
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14
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Jena MK, Mittal S, Manna SS, Pathak B. Deciphering DNA nucleotide sequences and their rotation dynamics with interpretable machine learning integrated C 3N nanopores. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18080-18092. [PMID: 37916991 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03771a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
A solid-state nanopore combined with the quantum transport method has garnered substantial attention and intrigue for DNA sequencing due to its potential for providing rapid and accurate sequencing results, which could have numerous applications in disease diagnosis and personalized medicine. However, the intricate and multifaceted nature of the experimental protocol poses a formidable challenge in attaining precise single nucleotide analysis. Here, we report a machine learning (ML) framework combined with the quantum transport method to accelerate high-throughput single nucleotide recognition with C3N nanopores. The optimized eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regression (XGBR) algorithm has predicted the fingerprint transmission of each unknown nucleotide and their rotation dynamics with root mean square error scores as low as 0.07. Interpretability of ML black box models with the game theory-based SHapley Additive exPlanation method has provided a quasi-explanation for the model working principle and the complex relationship between electrode-nucleotide coupling and transmission. Moreover, a comprehensive ML classification of nucleotides based on binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations shows maximum accuracy and F1 scores of 100%. The results suggest that ML in tandem with a nanopore device can potentially alleviate the experimental hurdles associated with quantum tunneling and facilitate fast and high-precision DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Kumar Jena
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Sneha Mittal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Surya Sekhar Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
| | - Biswarup Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Indore, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 453552, India.
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15
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Wang Y, Zhu X, Yang M, Ma H, Li R, Zhang J, Zhao Q, Ren J, Wang X, Yu H, Gao J, Hu M, Yang J. Fe Powder Catalytically Synthesized C 3N 3 toward High-Performance Anode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:22051-22064. [PMID: 37104816 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently, carbon nitrides and their carbon-based derivatives have been widely studied as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries due to their graphite-like structure and abundant nitrogen active sites. In this paper, a layered carbon nitride material C3N3 consisting of triazine rings with an ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity was designed and synthesized by an innovative method based on Fe powder-catalyzed carbon-carbon coupling polymerization of cyanuric chloride at 260 °C, with reference to the Ullmann reaction. The structural characterizations indicated that the as-synthesized material had a C/N ratio close to 1:1 and a layered structure and only contained one type of nitrogen, suggesting the successful synthesis of C3N3. When used as a lithium-ion battery anode, the C3N3 material showed a high reversible specific capacity up to 842.39 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1, good rate capability, and excellent cycling stability attributed to abundant pyridine nitrogen active sites, large specific surface area, and good structure stability. Ex situ XPS results indicated that Li+ storage relies on the reversible transformation of -C=N- and -C-N- groups as well as the formation of bridge-connected -C=C- bonds. To further optimize the performance, the reaction temperature was further increased to synthesize a series of C3N3 derivatives for the enhanced specific surface area and conductivity. The resulting derivative prepared at 550 °C showed the best electrochemical performance, with an initial specific capacity close to 900 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 and good cycling stability (94.3% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 1 A g-1). This work will undoubtedly inspire the further study of high-capacity carbon nitride-based electrode materials for energy storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Center on Nanoenergy Research, School of Physical Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingsheng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huige Ma
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rui Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianze Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center on Nanoenergy Research, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jiayi Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiping Yu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiefeng Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225002, China
| | - Mingjun Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101400, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- ShenSi Lab, Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen 518110, China
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16
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Cai X, Chen J, Wang H, Ni Y, Chen Y, King RB. C 3N 2: the missing part of highly stable porous graphitic carbon nitride semiconductors. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2023; 8:662-673. [PMID: 36912249 DOI: 10.1039/d2nh00440b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) porous graphitic carbon nitrides (PGCNs) with semiconducting features have attracted wide attention because of built-in pores with various active sites, large surface area, and high physicochemical stability. However, only a few PGCNs have been synthesized, covering a 1.23-3.18 eV band gap. We systematically investigate two new 2D PGCN monolayers, T-C3N2 and H-C3N2, including possible pathways for their experimental synthesis. Based on first-principles calculations, the mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of T-C3N2 and H-C3N2 have been systematically investigated. These two architectural frameworks exhibit contrasting mechanical characteristics owing to their structural differences. Both T-C3N2 and H-C3N2 monolayers are predicted to be intrinsic semiconductors. Exceptionally, the stacking bilayers of T-C3N2 can transform into a rare 2D nodal-line semimetal structure. The narrow bandgap (0.35 eV) of the T-C3N2 monolayer and its extraordinary transformation in the bilayer electronic structure fill the vacancy of PGCNs as electronic devices in the middle/long wave infrared region. C3N2 structures possess ultrahigh anisotropic carrier mobilities (×104 cm2 V-1 s-1) and exceptional absorption coefficients (×105 cm-1) in the near-infrared and visible light regions, suggesting its possible optoelectronic applications. The findings expand the scope of 2D PGCNs and offer guides for their experimental realization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyong Cai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Jiao Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuxiang Ni
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
| | - Yuanzheng Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China.
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian District, Beijing 100193, China
| | - R Bruce King
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Computational Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA.
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17
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Gao E, Yang H, Guo Y, Nielsen SO, Baughman RH. The Stiffest and Strongest Predicted Material: C 2 N Atomic Chains Approach the Theoretical Limits. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2204884. [PMID: 37088728 PMCID: PMC10369241 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Though linear atomic chains exhibit extreme properties, it is presently unclear how these properties can be maximized by the choice of elemental composition. Considering that boron, carbon, and nitrogen can form high modulus and high strength atomic chains, here an algorithm is developed to construct 143 possible atomic chains of these elements with 6 or fewer atoms in the primitive cell and explore their stabilities and mechanical properties by first-principles calculations. It is found that the gravimetric modulus (1032 GPa g-1 cm3 ) and strength (108 GPa g-1 cm3 ) of the C2 N chain significantly exceed those of any known material, including the previously stiffest predicted material (C chain, 945 GPa g-1 cm3 ) and the previously strongest predicted material (BC chain, 92 GPa g-1 cm3 ), and also approach the theoretical limits of gravimetric modulus (1036 GPa g-1 cm3 ) and strength (130 GPa g-1 cm3 ). Mechanistic analyses demonstrate that the higher gravimetric modulus and strength of the C2 N chain, compared with the C and BC chains, originate from its short, stiff chemical bonding and the abnormal decrease in bond length alternation under tension. The likely ease of fabrication and potential synthesis routes for C2 N chains are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hang Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yongzhe Guo
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Steven O Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
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18
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Wang Z, Che H, Lu W, Chao Y, Wang L, Liang B, Liu J, Xu Q, Cui X. Application of Inorganic Quantum Dots in Advanced Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301355. [PMID: 37088862 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries have emerged as one of the most attractive alternatives for post-lithium-ion battery energy storage systems, owing to their ultrahigh theoretical energy density. However, the large-scale application of Li-S batteries remains enormously problematic because of the poor cycling life and safety problems, induced by the low conductivity , severe shuttling effect, poor reaction kinetics, and lithium dendrite formation. In recent studies, catalytic techniques are reported to promote the commercial application of Li-S batteries. Compared with the conventional catalytic sites on host materials, quantum dots (QDs) with ultrafine particle size (<10 nm) can provide large accessible surface area and strong polarity to restrict the shuttling effect, excellent catalytic effect to enhance the kinetics of redox reactions, as well as abundant lithiophilic nucleation sites to regulate Li deposition. In this review, the intrinsic hurdles of S conversion and Li stripping/plating reactions are first summarized. More importantly, a comprehensive overview is provided of inorganic QDs, in improving the efficiency and stability of Li-S batteries, with the strategies including composition optimization, defect and morphological engineering, design of heterostructures, and so forth. Finally, the prospects and challenges of QDs in Li-S batteries are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuosen Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Haiyun Che
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Wenqiang Lu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Yunfeng Chao
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Liu Wang
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Bingyu Liang
- High & New Technology Research Center, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Qun Xu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinwei Cui
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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19
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Kadhim MM, Sadoon N, Abbas ZS, Hachim SK, Abdullaha SAH, Rheima AM. Exploring the role of 2D-C 2N monolayers in potassium ion batteries. J Mol Model 2023; 29:139. [PMID: 37055601 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT In recent years, undivided attention has been given to the unique properties of layered nitrogenated holey graphene (C2N) monolayers (C2NMLs), which have widespread applications (e.g., in catalysis and metal-ion batteries). Nevertheless, the scarcity and impurity of C2NMLs in experiments and the ineffective technique of adsorbing a single atom on the surface of C2NMLs have significantly limited their investigation and thus their development. Within this research study, we proposed a novel model, i.e., atom pair adsorption, to inspect the potential use of a C2NML anode material for KIBs through first-principles (DFT) computations. The maximum theoretical capacity of K ions reached 2397 mA h g-1, which was greater in contrast with that of graphite. The results of Bader charge analysis and charge density difference revealed the creation of channels between K atoms and the C2NML for electron transport, which increased the interactions between them. The fast process of charge and discharge in the battery was due to the metallicity of the complex of C2NML/K ions and because the diffusion barrier of K ions on the C2NML was low. Moreover, the C2NML has the advantages of great cycling stability and low open-circuit voltage (approximately 0.423 V). The current work can provide useful insights into the design of energy storage materials with high efficiency. METHODS In this research, we used B3LYP-D3 functional and 6-31 + G* basis with GAMESS program to calculate adsorption energy, open-circuit voltage, and maximum theoretical capacity of K ions on the C2NML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa M Kadhim
- Department of Dentistry, Kut University College, Kut, Wasit, 52001, Iraq.
| | - Nasier Sadoon
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Farahidi University, Baghdad, 10022, Iraq
| | | | - Safa K Hachim
- College of Technical Engineering, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- Medical Laboratory Techniques Department, Al-Turath University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Ahmed Mahdi Rheima
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
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20
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You M, Guo G, Luo S, Zhong J. Rational design of a C 3N/C 3B p-n heterostructure as a promising anode material in Li-ion batteries. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:2062-2072. [PMID: 36692198 DOI: 10.1039/d2dt03593f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is urgent to develop high-performance anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. In this work, a C3N/C3B p-n heterostructure was systematically investigated by first-principles calculations. The bonding strength of Li in C3N is relatively low (-0.53 eV), whereas the C3N/C3B heterostructure (-1.64 eV to -2.84 eV) can greatly improve the bonding strength without compromising the Li migration capability. The good bonding strength and Li mobility in the C3N/C3B heterostructure are mainly caused by the synergy effect and internal electric field of the p-n heterostructure. Moreover, the electronic structures indicate that the C3N/C3B heterostructure has good conductivity with a tiny bandgap of 0.09 eV. Compared to pristine C3N, the stiffness of the C3N/C3B heterostructure improved significantly (549.35 N m-1). Besides, the C3N/C3B heterostructure presents a high lithium-ion storage capacity (986.61 mA h g-1). The ultrahigh stiffness, good conductivities of electrons and ions, high bonding strength of Li, and high capacity show that the C3N/C3B heterostructure is a prospective anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manqi You
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Gencai Guo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China.,Foshan Green Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute of Xiangtan University, Guangdong 528311, China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Jianxin Zhong
- Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, Laboratory for Quantum Engineering and Micro-Nano Energy Technology, and School of Physics and Optoelectronics, Xiangtan University, Hunan 411105, China
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21
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Thin-Film Carbon Nitride (C2N)-Based Solar Cell Optimization Considering Zn1−xMgxO as a Buffer Layer. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr11010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nitride (C2N), a two-dimensional material, is rapidly gaining popularity in the photovoltaic (PV) research community owing to its excellent properties, such as high thermal and chemical stability, non-toxic composition, and low fabrication cost over other thin-film solar cells. This study uses a detailed numerical investigation to explore the influence of C2N-based solar cells with zinc magnesium oxide (Zn1−xMgxO) as a buffer layer. The SCAPS-1D simulator is utilized to examine the performance of four Mg-doped buffer layers (x = 0.0625, 0.125, 0.1875, and 0.25) coupled with the C2N-based absorber layer. The influence of the absorber and buffer layers’ band alignment, quantum efficiency, thickness, doping density, defect density, and operating temperature are analyzed to improve the cell performance. Based on the simulations, increasing the buffer layer Mg concentration above x = 0.1875 reduces the device performance. Furthermore, it is found that increasing the absorber layer thickness is desirable for good device efficiency, whereas a doping density above 1015 cm−3 can degrade the cell performance. After optimization of the buffer layer thickness and doping density at 40 nm and 1018 cm−3, the cell displayed its maximum performance. Among the four structures, C2N/Zn0.8125Mg0.1875O demonstrated the highest PCE of 19.01% with a significant improvement in open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit density (Jsc), and fill factor (FF). The recorded results are in good agreement with the standard theoretical studies.
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22
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Yang X, Gong L, Wang K, Ma S, Liu W, Li B, Li N, Pan H, Chen X, Wang H, Liu J, Jiang J. Ionothermal Synthesis of Fully Conjugated Covalent Organic Frameworks for High-Capacity and Ultrastable Potassium-Ion Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207245. [PMID: 36189855 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fully aromatic conjugated covalent organic frameworks (FAC-COFs) with excellent physicochemical stability have been emerging as active semiconductors for diverse potential applications. Developing efficient synthesis methods for fabricating FAC-COFs will significantly facilitate the exploration over their material and photonic/electronic functionalities. Herein, a facile solvent-free strategy is developed for the synthesis of 2D phthalocyanine-based FAC-COFs (FAC-Pc-COFs). Cyclopolymerization of benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']bis[1,4]benzodioxin-2,3,9,10-tetracarbonitrile (BBTC) and quinoxalino[2',3':9,10]phenanthro[4,5-abc]phenazine-6,7,15,16-tetracarbonitrile (QPPTC) in ZnCl2 leads to the fast formation and isolation of BB-FAC-Pc-COF and QPP-FAC-Pc-COF, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy analysis reveal their crystalline nature with sql topology and AA stacking configuration. Thermogravimetric analysis and immersion experiment indicate their excellent stability. The conductivity test demonstrates their high conductivity of 0.93-1.94 × 10-4 S cm-1 owing to the fully π-conjugated electronic structural nature. In particular, the as-prepared FAC-Pc-COFs show high-performance K+ storage in potassium-ion batteries due to their excellent conductivity, highly ordered and robust structure, and N/O-rich framework nature. Impressively, QPP-FAC-Pc-COF shows a large reversible capacity of 424 mA h g-1 after 100 cycles at 50 mA g-1 and a capacity retention of nearly 100% at 2000 mA g-1 for over 10 000 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiya Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Lei Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Kang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Sihang Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Bowen Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Ning Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Houhe Pan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Solid State Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jiemin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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23
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Study the application of nitrogenated holey graphene (C2N) nanosheets as a high-performance anode material for magnesium ion battery (MIB): DFT study. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.110296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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24
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Jia X, Liu Y, Qu Y, Li YQ, Liu X, Liu P, Li W. Electric Field-Controlled Peptide Self-Assembly through Funnel-Shaped Two-Dimensional Nanopores. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:51183-51189. [PMID: 36329605 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of biomolecules is critical for the realization of biological functions. Thus, the precise control of self-assembly has great significance in the design of biochips and biomedical agents. In this report, we design a Y-shaped funnel on a two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure, called 2D funnel, based on monolayered polyaniline carbon nitride (C3N) and boron carbide (BC3), and study its application in the self-assembly state regulation of the peptide oligomer, using Aβ16-21 as the representative model. Structurally, the 2D funnel is composed of three regions: channel area, triangle area, and barrier area. The channel and triangle areas show higher binding affinity to the peptide than that of the barrier area, which leads to the confinement of the peptide in the 2D funnel. Our results show that when an external electric field is applied along the 2D funnel, the oligomer is driven to migrate across the funnel. Its trajectory is confined inside the narrow channel area, which effectively causes peptide dissociation into the individual peptide chains. Then, when the external electric field is turned off, the separated peptide chains spontaneously assemble in the triangle area and tend to reunite. Our present findings propose a novel heterostructure platform, which enables the manipulation of the self-assembly state of peptides by switching the electric field, which could guide the design and fabrication of nanodevices for sensing and sequencing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jia
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
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25
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Ma K, Wang Y, Zheng Y, Xiao J, Xu L, Dai X, Wang Z. Adsorption Mechanism and Optical Behaviors of Typical Volatile Organic Compounds on Pristine and Cu/Ni‐Modified C
3
N Monolayer: A First‐Principles Study. ADVANCED THEORY AND SIMULATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adts.202200611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Ma
- College of Science Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541008 China
| | - Yanwen Wang
- College of Science Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541008 China
| | - Yunxin Zheng
- College of Science Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541008 China
| | - Jianrong Xiao
- College of Science Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541008 China
| | - Liang Xu
- Energy Materials Computing Center, School of Energy and Mechanical Engineering Jiangxi University of Science and Technology Nanchang 330013 China
| | - Xueqiong Dai
- College of Science Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541008 China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- College of Science Guilin University of Technology Guilin 541008 China
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26
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Zhang H, Wang J, Guégan F, Frapper G. Prediction of Two-Dimensional Group IV Nitrides A xN y (A = Sn, Ge, or Si): Diverse Stoichiometric Ratios, Ferromagnetism, and Auxetic Mechanical Property. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9316-9325. [PMID: 36178176 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we unveiled a new class of two-dimensional (2D) group IV nitride AxNy (A = Sn, Ge, or Si) prototypes, C2/m A4N, P3̅m1 A3N, P3m1 A2N, P3̅m1 A3N2, P6̅m2 AN, P3̅m1 AN, P6̅2m A3N4, P3m1 A2N3, P4̅21m AN2, and P3̅m1 AN3, by using evolutionary algorithms combined with first-principles calculations. Using HSE06 functional calculations, a wide range of band gaps from metal to semiconductor (0.405-5.050 eV) and ultrahigh carrier mobilities (1-24 × 103 cm2 V-1 s-1) were evidenced in these 2D structures. We found that 2D P3m1 Sn2N3, Ge2N3, and Si2N3 are intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors with gaps of 0.677, 1.285, and 2.321 eV, respectively. The lattice symmetry and Si-to-N2 charge transfer upon strain lead to large anisotropic negative Poisson's ratios (-0.281 to -0.146) along whole in-plane directions in 2D P4̅21m SiN2. Our findings not only enrich the family of 2D nitrides but also highlight the promising optoelectronic and nanoauxetic applications of 2D group IV nitrides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
- Applied Quantum Chemistry group, E4, IC2MP, UMR 7285 Poitiers University-CNRS, 4 rue Michel Brunet TSA, 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Junjie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Frédéric Guégan
- Applied Quantum Chemistry group, E4, IC2MP, UMR 7285 Poitiers University-CNRS, 4 rue Michel Brunet TSA, 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
| | - Gilles Frapper
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
- Applied Quantum Chemistry group, E4, IC2MP, UMR 7285 Poitiers University-CNRS, 4 rue Michel Brunet TSA, 51106, 86073 Poitiers Cedex 9, France
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27
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Yu T, Yang H, Cheng HM, Li F. Theoretical Progress of 2D Six-Membered-Ring Inorganic Materials as Anodes for Non-Lithium-Ion Batteries. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2107868. [PMID: 35957543 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use and storage of renewable and clean energy has become an important trend due to resource depletion, environmental pollution, and the rising price of refined fossil fuels. Confined by the limited resource and uneven distribution of lithium, non-lithium-ion batteries have become a new focus for energy storage. The six-membered-ring (SMR) is a common structural unit for numerous material systems. 2D SMR inorganic materials have unique advantages in the field of non-lithium energy storage, such as fast electrochemical reactions, abundant active sites and adjustable band gap. First-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) can provide a basic understanding of materials at the atomic-level and establish the relationship between SMR structural units and electrochemical energy storage. In this review, the theoretical progress of 2D SMR inorganic materials in the field of non-lithium-ion batteries in recent years is discussed to summarize the common relationship among 2D SMR non-lithium energy storage anodes. Finally, the existing challenges are analyzed and potential solutions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Huicong Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Shenyang, 110016, P. R. China
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28
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Azhar U, Bashir MS, Babar M, Arif M, Hassan A, Riaz A, Mujahid R, Sagir M, Suri SUK, Show PL, Chang JS, Khoo KS, Mubashir M. Template-based textural modifications of polymeric graphitic carbon nitrides towards waste water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134792. [PMID: 35533933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The composite materials based on graphitic carbon nitrides (g-C3N4) are remarkably better semiconductors, but the inherent photocatalytic performance in its generic synthesis form is not up to the mark. Eminence efforts have been made to improve its performance and photocatalytic efficiencies. Recently, extensive investigations have been performed to develop their texturally modified and highly porous structures to get around the big flaws of bulk g-C3N4. One significant disadvantage is the increase in the polycondensation while preparation at 550 °C results in g-C3N4 materials with restricted specific surface area (SSA) (<10 m2/g) and no textured pores. Textural modification has emerged as an efficient and progressive way to improve optical and electronic characteristics. The final texture and shape of CN are influenced by the precursor's interaction with the template. Researchers are interested in developing CN materials with high SSA and changeable textural properties (pore volume and pore size). Based on the literature review it is concluded that the soft templating approach is relatively simple, and straightforward to induce textural changes in the g-CN type materials. This review focused on improving the textural properties of bulk g-C3N4 via templating method, and the major advances in the modified g-C3N4 materials for the treatment of wastewater. The procedures and mechanisms of numerous approaches with varying morphologies are thoroughly explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umair Azhar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Bashir
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Muhammad Babar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan.
| | - Afaq Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Asim Riaz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Rana Mujahid
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sagir
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Saadat Ullah Khan Suri
- Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham, Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Shu Chang
- Research Centre for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy, Tunghai, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Tunghai University, Taichung, 407, Taiwan; Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Department of Petroleum Engineering, School of Engineering, Asia Pacific University of Technology and Innovation, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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29
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Zhang JR, Wang SY, Ge G, Wei M, Hua W, Ma Y. On the choice of shape and size for truncated cluster-based X-ray spectral simulations of 2D materials. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:094704. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0100175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Truncated cluster models represent an effective way for simulating X-ray spectra of 2D materials. Here we systematically assessed the influence of two key parameters, the cluster shape (honeycomb, rectangle, or parallelogram) and size, in X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and absorption (XAS) spectra simulations of three 2D materials at five K-edges (graphene, C 1s; C3N, C/N 1s; h-BN, B/N 1s) to pursue the accuracy limit of binding energy (BE) and spectral profile predictions. Several recent XPS experiments reported BEs with differences spanning 0.3, 1.5, 0.7, 0.3, and 0.3 eV, respectively. Our calculations favor the honeycomb model for stable accuracy and fast size convergence, and a honeycomb with ~10 nm side length (120 atoms) is enough to predict accurate 1s BEs for all 2D sheets. Compared to all these experiments, predicted BEs show absolute deviations as follows: 0.4-0.7, 0.0-1.0, 0.4-1.1, 0.6-0.9, and 0.1-0.4 eV. A mean absolute deviation of 0.3 eV was achieved if we compare only to the closest experiment. We found that the sensitivity of computed BEs to different model shapes depends on systems: graphene, sensitive; C3N, weak; h-BN, very weak. This can be attributed to their more or less delocalized π electrons in this series. For this reason, a larger cluster size is required for graphene than the other two to reproduce fine structures in XAS. The general profile of XAS shows weak dependence to model shape. Our calculations provide optimal parameters and accuracy estimations that are useful for X-ray spectral simulations of general graphene-like 2D materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Guoyan Ge
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Minrui Wei
- Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Weijie Hua
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Microstructure and Quantum Sensing, Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Physics and Electronics, Shandong Normal University, China
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30
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Kasprzak GT, Durajski AP. Two-dimensional B[Formula: see text]C as a potential anode material for Mg-ion batteries with extremely high theoretical capacity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11460. [PMID: 35794210 PMCID: PMC9259734 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15702-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of new high-capacity anode materials using ions other than lithium as a charge carrier is one of the essential strategies in searching for next-generation high-performance rechargeable batteries. Herein, using first-principles computations, we explore a B[Formula: see text]C monolayer as a potential anode material for Mg-ion batteries. The high stability of the free-standing B[Formula: see text]C monolayer has been demonstrated via calculating the adsorption energy, phonon dispersion, and ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations. The metallic character of the B[Formula: see text]C monolayer, desirable from the point of view of energy storage, ensures good electronic conductivity during the battery charge/discharge process. The calculated migration energy barrier, open-circuit voltage, and theoretical specific capacity of the B[Formula: see text]C monolayer are much better than those of some other two-dimensional materials. These findings provide the B[Formula: see text]C monolayer as a potential candidate for Mg-ion battery anode material with a high theoretical specific capacity of 3187.55 mAh/g.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz T. Kasprzak
- Institute of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Ave. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
| | - Artur P. Durajski
- Institute of Physics, Czestochowa University of Technology, Ave. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland
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31
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Akram W, Nadeem E, Ayub K, Iqbal J, Al-Buriahi M, Alomairy S, Katubi KM, Ibraheem AA. Enhanced Non-Linear Optical Response of Alkali Metal-Doped Nitrogenated Holey Graphene (C2N). J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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32
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Enhancement in non-linear optical properties of carbon nitride (C2N) by doping superalkali (Li3O): A DFT study. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Song J, Xu Z, He X, Liang X. Modulation of the thermal conductivity, interlayer thermal resistance, and interfacial thermal conductance of C 2N. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:9648-9658. [PMID: 35411355 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05574g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
C2N, a novel 2D semiconductor with orderly distributed holes and nitrogen atoms, has attracted significant attention due to its possible practical applications. This paper investigates the in-plane thermal conductivity and interlayer thermal resistance of C2N and the interfacial thermal conductance of in-plane heterostructures assembled by C2N and carbonized C2N(C-C2N) using molecular dynamics simulations. The in-plane thermal conductivities of C2N monolayers along zigzag and armchair directions are 73.2 and 77.3 W m-1 K-1, respectively, and can be effectively manipulated by point defects, chemical doping, and strain engineering. Remarkably, nitrogen vacancies have a more substantial impact on reducing the thermal conductivity than carbon vacancies because of the more pronounced suppression of the high-frequency peaks. The difference in doping sites leads to a change in phonon mode localization. When the C2N size is small, as the tensile strain increases, ki is affected by dimensional lengthening due to stretching in addition to tensile strain. The interlayer thermal resistance decreases with increasing layer number and interlayer coupling strength. The AA stacking gives rise to a lower thermal resistance than the AB stacking when the heat flow passes through the multilayer due to the weaker in-plane bonding strength. Moreover, various possible atomic structures of C2N/C-C2N in-plane heterojunctions and the effect of carbon and nitrogen vacancies on interfacial thermal conductance are explored. The results provide valuable insights into the thermal transport properties in the application of C2N-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieren Song
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Zhonghai Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Xiaodong He
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Composites in Special Environments, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
| | - Xingang Liang
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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34
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Chen H, Suo X, Yang Z, Dai S. Graphitic Aza-Fused π-Conjugated Networks: Construction, Engineering, and Task-Specific Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107947. [PMID: 34739143 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D π-conjugated networks linked by aza-fused units represent a pivotal category of graphitic materials with stacked nanosheet architectures. Extensive efforts have been directed at their fabrication and application since the discovery of covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs). Besides the triazine cores, tricycloquinazoline and hexaazatriphenylene linkages are further introduced to tailor the structures and properties. Diverse related materials have been developed rapidly, and a thorough outlook is necessitated to unveil the structure-property-application relationships across multiple subcategories, which is pivotal to guide the design and fabrication toward enhanced task-specific performance. Herein, the structure types and development of related materials including CTFs, covalent quinazoline networks, and hexaazatriphenylene networks, are introduced. Advanced synthetic strategies coupled with characterization techniques provide powerful tools to engineer the properties and tune the associated behaviors in corresponding applications. Case studies in the areas of gas adsorption, membrane-based separation, thermo-/electro-/photocatalysis, and energy storage are then addressed, focusing on the correlation between structure/property engineering and optimization of the corresponding performance, particularly the preferred features and strategies in each specific field. In the last section, the underlying challenges and opportunities in construction and application of this emerging and promising material category are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Xian Suo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
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35
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Sarfaraz S, Yar M, Ali Khan A, Ahmad R, Ayub K. DFT investigation of adsorption of nitro-explosives over C2N surface: Highly selective towards trinitro benzene. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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36
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Li F, Ai H, Shen S, Geng J, Ho Lo K, Pan H. Two-Dimensional Dirac Nodal Line Carbon Nitride to Anchor Single-Atom Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction. CHEMSUSCHEM 2022; 15:e202102537. [PMID: 35132828 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202102537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional carbon nitride (2DCN) materials have emerged as an important class of 2D materials beyond graphene. However, 2DCN materials with nodal-line semimetal characteristic are rarely reported. In this work, a new nodal-line semimetal 2DCN with the stoichiometry C4 N4 is designed by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations and its application to anchor single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated. C4 N4 is a planar covalent network (sp2 hybridization) with regular holes formed by the four N atoms, which is dynamically, thermodynamically, and mechanically stable. The nodal line is contributed by the pz orbitals of C and px/y orbitals of N atoms. C4 N4 shows an anisotropic Fermi velocity and high electron mobility. Because of its porous structure, C4 N4 can anchor heteroatoms as SACs for electrocatalysis. C4 N4 anchored with Fe or Co is shown to be highly active for the ORR with a rather high half-wave potential of around 0.90 V, which is higher than those of SACs on other carbon nitrides. These findings may provide a new strategy to design novel substrates for SACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Li
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Haoqiang Ai
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Shiying Shen
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jiazhong Geng
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kin Ho Lo
- Department of Electromechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hui Pan
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
- Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao SAR, P. R. China
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37
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Liu S, Zheng W, Huang M, Xu Y, Xie W, Sun H, Zhao Y. Iron vacancies engineering of Fe xC@NC hybrids toward enhanced lithium-ion storage properties. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:135401. [PMID: 34937010 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac45c4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Defect engineering have profound influence on the energy storage properties of electrode hybrids by adjusting their intrinsic electronic characteristics. For iron carbide based materials, however, the effect of defect (especially cation vacancies) toward their electrochemical performance are still unclear. Herein, the feasible and scalable synthesis of FexC@NC with 3D honeycomb-like carbon architecture and abundant Fe vacancies via template etching is reported. Such structure enable outstanding lithium-ion storage properties owing to hierarchical pores, improved intrinsic electrochemical activity, as well as the introduction of more active sites. As a result, the FexC@NC-2 presents a high reversible specific capacity of 1079 mAh g-1after 1000 cycles. Moreover, an excellent cycling stability can be achieved via maintaining a high-capacity retention (689 mAh g-1, 98.4%) over 1000 cycles at 5 A g-1. This study provides a feasible strategy for developing high-performance hybrids with hierarchical pore and rich defects structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenrui Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyue Huang
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaning Xu
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhe Xie
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microelectronics and Energy of Henan Province, School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, 464000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials, School of Physics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
- South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation, Dongguan, 523808, People's Republic of China
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38
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Wang X, Tang X, Zhang P, Wang Y, Gao D, Liu J, Hui K, Wang Y, Dong X, Hattori T, Sano-Furukawa A, Ikeda K, Miao P, Lin X, Tang M, Zuo Z, Zheng H, Li K, Mao HK. Crystalline Fully Carboxylated Polyacetylene Obtained under High Pressure as a Li-Ion Battery Anode Material. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:12055-12061. [PMID: 34905378 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Substituted polyacetylene is expected to improve the chemical stability, physical properties, and combine new functions to the polyacetylene backbones, but its diversity is very limited. Here, by applying external pressure on solid acetylenedicarboxylic acid, we report the first crystalline poly-dicarboxylacetylene with every carbon on the trans-polyacetylene backbone bonded to a carboxyl group, which is very hard to synthesize by traditional methods. The polymerization is evidenced to be a topochemical reaction with the help of hydrogen bonds. This unique structure combines the extremely high content of carbonyl groups and high conductivity of a polyacetylene backbone, which exhibits a high specific capacity and excellent cycling/rate performance as a Li-ion battery (LIB) anode. We present a completely functionalized crystalline polyacetylene and provide a high-pressure solution for the synthesis of polymeric LIB materials and other polymeric materials with a high content of active groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Peijie Zhang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Yida Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Dexiang Gao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Kanglong Hui
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Yajie Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Dong
- Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
| | - Takanori Hattori
- J-PARC Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | | | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan
| | - Ping Miao
- Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuan Lin
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Mingxue Tang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Zicheng Zuo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Haiyan Zheng
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Kuo Li
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
| | - Ho-Kwang Mao
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Beijing 100094, P. R. China
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39
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Gavali DS, Kawazoe Y, Thapa R. First-principles identification of interface effect on Li storage capacity of C 3N/graphene multilayer heterostructure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 610:80-88. [PMID: 34922084 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The design and development of new and light weight two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures as anode materials to enhance the electrochemical properties for Li-ion batteries (LIB's) is a challenge. In this work, using first-principles study, we have demonstrated that the ratio of two-dimensional polyaniline (C3N) and graphene in the multilayer heterostructures plays a major role to define the Li storage properties and to provide metallicity for easy conduction of electrons. We have found that charge transfer between Li and the host depends on the interface and site, which helps in the improvement in specific capacity. The proposed heterostructures shows specific capacity varies from 558 mAh/gm to 423 mAh/gm. The specific capacity is high for heterostructures with more graphene in ratio which is correlated to higher charge accumulation in the host. Also, graphene helps to minimize the open-circuit voltage (OCV) of C3N and maintained an average of 0.4 V. The volume expansion for fully lithiated heterostructures is within 22 %. Li diffusion barrier energy varies in the range of 0.57 to 0.25 eV. The proposed 2D heterostructures could be a future material for anode in LIB's and the description of the interface effect on Li storage properties will help for further development of 2D heterostructure materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepak S Gavali
- Department of Physics, SRM University - AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522 240, India
| | - Yoshiyuki Kawazoe
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan; School of Physics, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - Ranjit Thapa
- Department of Physics, SRM University - AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522 240, India.
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40
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Weng J, Xi Q, Zeng X, Lin ZQ, Zhao J, Zhang L, Huang W. Recent Progress of Hexaazatriphenylene-based Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Batteries. Catal Today 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2021.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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41
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Vejpravová J. Mixed sp 2-sp 3 Nanocarbon Materials: A Status Quo Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2469. [PMID: 34684910 PMCID: PMC8539693 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials with a different character of the chemical bond-graphene (sp2) and nanodiamond (sp3)-are the building bricks for a new class of all-carbon hybrid nanomaterials, where the two different carbon networks with sp3 and sp2 hybridization coexist, interacting and even transforming into one another. The extraordinary physiochemical properties defined by the unique electronic band structure of the two border nanoallotropes ensure the immense application potential and versatility of these all-carbon nanomaterials. The review summarizes the status quo of sp2 - sp3 nanomaterials, including graphene/graphene-oxide-nanodiamond composites and hybrids, graphene/graphene-oxide-diamond heterojunctions, and other sp2-sp3 nanocarbon hybrids for sensing, electronic, and other emergent applications. Novel sp2-sp3 transitional nanocarbon phases and architectures are also discussed. Furthermore, the two-way sp2 (graphene) to sp3 (diamond surface and nanodiamond) transformations at the nanoscale, essential for innovative fabrication, and stability and chemical reactivity assessment are discussed based on extensive theoretical, computational and experimental studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Vejpravová
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Prague, Czech Republic
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42
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Zhao X, Zhao Y, Tan H, Sun H, Qin X, Ho W, Zhou M, Lin J, Li Y. New carbon nitride close to C 6N 7 with superior visible light absorption for highly efficient photocatalysis. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2021; 66:1764-1772. [PMID: 36654384 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The rational design and construction of novel two-dimensional (2D) carbon nitrides (CNs) beyond g-C3N4 is a hot topic in the fields of chemistry and materials. Inspired by the polymerisation of urea, we have prepared a series of novel C-C bridged heptazine CNs UOx (where x is the ratio of urea to oxamide, x = 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3), which are similar to (C6N7)n, upon the introduction of oxamide. As predicted using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the conjugated structure of UOx was effectively extended from an individual heptazine to the entire material. Consequently, its bandgap was reduced to 2.05 eV, and its absorption band edge was significantly extended to 600 nm. Furthermore, its carrier transfer and separation were significantly enhanced, establishing its superior photocatalytic activity. The optimised UO2 exhibits a superior photocatalytic hydrogen production rate about 108.59 μmol h-1 (using 10 mg of catalyst) with an apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 36.12% and 0.33% at 420 and 600 nm, respectively, which is one of the most active novel CNs reported to date. Moreover, UO2 exhibits excellent photocatalytic activity toward the oxidation of diphenylhydrazine to azobenzene with conversion and selectivity reaching ~100%, which represents a promising highly efficient 2D CN material. Regarding phenols degradation, UO2 also displayed significantly higher activity and durability during the degradation of phenol when compared to traditional g-C3N4, highlighting its significant potential for application in energy, environment and photocatalytic organic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yingnan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Huaqiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Huiying Sun
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wingkei Ho
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinliang Lin
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yangguang Li
- Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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43
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Wang W, Xu X, Yang Z. Photoinduced charge transfer in one-photon and two-photon absorption of C2N: Effects of edge-modified with oxygenated groups. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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44
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Mushtaq M, Tit N. Magnetic single atom catalyst in C 2N to induce adsorption selectivity toward oxidizing gases. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15848. [PMID: 34349212 PMCID: PMC8339005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95474-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) method is used to study the effect of single-atom catalyst (SAC) of Mn embedded in C2N nanoribbon (C2N-NR) on the adsorption properties as an attempt to achieve selectivity. Many gases (e.g., CO, CO2, H2, H2O, H2S, N2 and O2) of interest to energy and environmental applications were tested. The results show that SAC-Mn alters chemisorption processes with all gas molecules except N2. Clear adsorption selectivity is obtained towards oxidizing CO, CO2 and O2 molecules as evidenced by the enhancements in binding energy and charge transfer and the reduction in magnetization. While the SAC-Mn contributes predominantly to Fermi-energy region with spin-down states, the strong binding to oxidizing molecules introduces there more spin-up states to compromise and reduce the magnetization. Hence, C2N-NR:Mn is proposed to be used as platform for gas sensor (if combined with magnetic sensor) to yield high selectivity toward these latter gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department of Physics, College of Science, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.,National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nacir Tit
- Department of Physics, College of Science, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates. .,National Water and Energy Center, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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45
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Fang Z, Li Y, Li J, Shu C, Zhong L, Lu S, Mo C, Yang M, Yu D. Capturing Visible Light in Low-Band-Gap C 4 N-Derived Responsive Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:17615-17621. [PMID: 34014029 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We report facile synthesis of low-band-gap mesoporous C4 N particles and their use as responsive bifunctional oxygen catalysts for visible-light-sensitive (VLS) rechargeable Zn-air battery (RZAB) and polymer-air battery (RPAB). Compared to widely studied g-C3 N4 , C4 N shows a smaller band gap of 1.99 eV, with a larger photocurrent response, and it can function as visible-light-harvesting antenna and bifunctional oxygen reduction/evolution (ORR/OER) catalysts, enabling effective photocoupling to tune oxygen catalysis. The C4 N-enabled VLS-RZAB displays a low charge voltage of 1.35 V under visible light, which is below the theoretical RZAB voltage of 1.65 V, corresponding to a high energy efficiency of 97.78 %. Pairing a C4 N cathode with a polymer anode also endows an VLS-RPAB with light-boosted charge performance. It is revealed that the ORR and OER active sites in C4 N are separate carbon sites near pyrazine-nitrogen atoms and photogenerated energetic holes can activate OER for improved reaction kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsong Fang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chenhao Shu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Linfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Shaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Chunshao Mo
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Meijia Yang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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46
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Fang Z, Li Y, Li J, Shu C, Zhong L, Lu S, Mo C, Yang M, Yu D. Capturing Visible Light in Low‐Band‐Gap C
4
N‐Derived Responsive Bifunctional Air Electrodes for Solar Energy Conversion and Storage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202104790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengsong Fang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Yuan Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Jing Li
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chenhao Shu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Linfeng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Shaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Chunshao Mo
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Meijia Yang
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
| | - Dingshan Yu
- Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China
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47
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Xie H, Wang F, Liu T, Wu Y, Lan C, Chen B, Zhou J, Chen B. Copper−iron dimer for selective C–C coupling in electrochemical CO2 reduction. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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48
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Wang X, Yong Y, Yang W, Zhang A, Xie X, Zhu P, Kuang Y. Adsorption, Gas-Sensing, and Optical Properties of Molecules on a Diazine Monolayer: A First-Principles Study. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:11418-11426. [PMID: 34056297 PMCID: PMC8153939 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using first-principles calculations, the structural, electronic, and optical properties of CO2, CO, N2O, CH4, H2, N2, O2, NH3, acetone, and ethanol molecules adsorbed on a diazine monolayer were studied to develop the application potential of the diazine monolayer as a room-temperature gas sensor for detecting acetone, ethanol, and NH3. We found that these molecules are all physically adsorbed on the diazine monolayer with weak adsorption strength and charge transfer between the molecules and the monolayer, but the physisorption of only NH3, acetone, and ethanol remarkably modified the electronic properties of the diazine monolayer, especially for the obvious change in electric conductivity, showing that the diazine monolayer is highly sensitive to acetone, NH3, and ethanol. Further, the adsorption of NH3, acetone, and ethanol molecules remarkably modifies, in varying degrees, the optical properties of the diazine monolayer, such as work function, absorption coefficient, and the reflectivity, whereas adsorption of other molecules has infinitesimal influence. The different adsorption behaviors and influences of the electronic and optical properties of molecules on the monolayer show that the diazine monolayer has high selectivity to NH3, acetone, and ethanol. The recovery time of NH3, acetone, and ethanol molecules is, respectively, 1.2 μs, 7.7 μs, and 0.11 ms at 300 K. Thus, the diazine monolayer has a high application potential as a room-temperature acetone, ethanol, and NH3 sensor with high performance (high selectivity and sensitivity, and rapid recovery time).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Wang
- School
of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric
Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yongliang Yong
- School
of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric
Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
- Provincial
and Ministerial Co-construction of Collaborative Innovation Center
for Non-ferrous Metal New Materials and Advanced Processing Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- School
of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric
Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Aodi Zhang
- School
of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric
Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Xiangyi Xie
- School
of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric
Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- School
of Physics and Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Photoelectric
Energy Storage Materials and Applications, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
| | - Yanmin Kuang
- Institute
of Photobiophysics, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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49
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Tang D, Shao C, Jiang S, Sun C, Song S. Graphitic C 2N 3: An Allotrope of g-C 3N 4 Containing Active Azide Pentagons as Metal-Free Photocatalyst for Abundant H 2 Bubble Evolution. ACS NANO 2021; 15:7208-7215. [PMID: 33871961 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A g-C3N4 allotrope, a curved leaf-like graphitic C2N3 (g-C2N3) with an intrinsic spontaneous polarization electric field (ISPEF), has been constructed for efficient solar energy conversion into H2 energy via photocatalytic H2O splitting. The curved leaf-like π-delocalization g-C2N3 was composed of aromatic azide pentagons and normal triazine hexagons obtained by cycloaddition between -C≡N groups from dicyandiamide polymerization and azide from the heat-treated polypyrrole fibers. Under light irradiation (λ > 420 nm), photo-generated charges are driven to separate efficiently and transfer from bulk to active sites of the surface under ISPEF that is opposite to the Coulomb field. Consequently, without any cocatalyst, g-C3N4 allotrope demonstrates a very high H2-production activity of 14.9 mmol g-1 h-1 accompanied by a lot of H2 bubbles, which is 2.6 times of g-C3N4 loading with Pt. In comparison with the reported metal-free photocatalysts or those supported with noble metals, g-C3N4 allotrope (i.e., leaf-like g-C2N3) is confirmed to be the best metal-free photocatalyst for H2O splitting into H2 fuel so far. The contructed leaf-like g-C2N3 with SPEF supplies a suitable platform for solar energy conversion into H2 fuel, which actively contributes to clean energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Tang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengtian Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 32033, Taiwan
| | - Shujuan Jiang
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanzhi Sun
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqing Song
- School of Material Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, Fenghua Road 818, Ningbo 315211, People's Republic of China
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Zou P, Sui Y, Zhan H, Wang C, Xin HL, Cheng HM, Kang F, Yang C. Polymorph Evolution Mechanisms and Regulation Strategies of Lithium Metal Anode under Multiphysical Fields. Chem Rev 2021; 121:5986-6056. [PMID: 33861070 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lithium (Li) metal, a typical alkaline metal, has been hailed as the "holy grail" anode material for next generation batteries owing to its high theoretical capacity and low redox reaction potential. However, the uncontrolled Li plating/stripping issue of Li metal anodes, associated with polymorphous Li formation, "dead Li" accumulation, poor Coulombic efficiency, inferior cyclic stability, and hazardous safety risks (such as explosion), remains as one major roadblock for their practical applications. In principle, polymorphous Li deposits on Li metal anodes includes smooth Li (film-like Li) and a group of irregularly patterned Li (e.g., whisker-like Li (Li whiskers), moss-like Li (Li mosses), tree-like Li (Li dendrites), and their combinations). The nucleation and growth of these Li polymorphs are dominantly dependent on multiphysical fields, involving the ionic concentration field, electric field, stress field, and temperature field, etc. This review provides a clear picture and in-depth discussion on the classification and initiation/growth mechanisms of polymorphous Li from the new perspective of multiphysical fields, particularly for irregular Li patterns. Specifically, we discuss the impact of multiphysical fields' distribution and intensity on Li plating behavior as well as their connection with the electrochemical and metallurgical properties of Li metal and some other factors (e.g., electrolyte composition, solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer, and initial nuclei states). Accordingly, the studies on the progress for delaying/suppressing/redirecting irregular Li evolution to enhance the stability and safety performance of Li metal batteries are reviewed, which are also categorized based on the multiphysical fields. Finally, an overview of the existing challenges and the future development directions of metal anodes are summarized and prospected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peichao Zou
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Yiming Sui
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Houchao Zhan
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chunyang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Sciences, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feiyu Kang
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.,School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
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