1
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Islam F, Zeng Q. Advances in Organosulfur-Based Polymers for Drug Delivery Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1207. [PMID: 38732676 PMCID: PMC11085353 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Organosulfur-based polymers have unique properties that make them useful for targeted and managed drug delivery, which can improve therapy while reducing side effects. This work aims to provide a brief review of the synthesis strategies, characterization techniques, and packages of organosulfur-based polymers in drug delivery. More importantly, this work discusses the characterization, biocompatibility, controlled release, nanotechnology, and targeted therapeutic aspects of these important structural units. This review provides not only a good comprehension of organosulfur-based polymers but also an insightful discussion of potential future prospectives in research. The discovery of novel organosulfur polymers and innovations is highly expected to be stimulated in order to synthesize polymer prototypes with increased functional accuracy, efficiency, and low cost for many industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qingle Zeng
- College of Materials, Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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2
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Samal P, Kumar Samal JR, Rho HS, van Beurden D, van Blitterswijk C, Truckenmüller R, Giselbrecht S. Direct deep UV lithography to micropattern PMMA for stem cell culture. Mater Today Bio 2023; 22:100779. [PMID: 37701129 PMCID: PMC10494264 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microengineering is increasingly being used for controlling the microenvironment of stem cells. Here, a novel method for fabricating structures with subcellular dimensions in commonly available thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) is shown. Microstructures are produced in PMMA substrates using Deep Ultraviolet lithography, and the effect of different developers is described. Microgrooves fabricated in PMMA are used for the neuronal differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) directly on the polymer. The fabrication of 3D, curvilinear patterned surfaces is also highlighted. A 3D multilayered microfluidic chip is fabricated using this method, which includes a porous polycarbonate (PC) membrane as cell culture substrate. Besides directly manufacturing PMMA-based microfluidic devices, an application of the novel approach is shown where a reusable PMMA master is created for replicating microstructures with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). As an application example, microchannels fabricated in PDMS are used to selectively expose mESCs to soluble factors in a localized manner. The described microfabrication process offers a remarkably simple method to fabricate for example multifunctional topographical or microfluidic culture substrates outside cleanrooms, thereby using inexpensive and widely accessible equipment. The versatility of the underlying process could find various applications also in optical systems and surface modification of biomedical implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinak Samal
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jay Rabindra Kumar Samal
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Hoon Suk Rho
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Mepsgen Co., Ltd., 7F, Hanyang Tower, 12, Beobwon-ro-11-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Denis van Beurden
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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3
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Gong Y, Bai B, Sun N, Ci B, Shao H, Zhang T, Yao H, Zhang Y, Niu Y, Liu L, Zhao H, Wu H, Zhang L, Wang T, Li S, Wei Y, Yu Y, Ribeiro Orsi AE, Liu B, Ji W, Wu J, Chen Y, Tan T. Ex utero monkey embryogenesis from blastocyst to early organogenesis. Cell 2023; 186:2092-2110.e23. [PMID: 37172563 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The third and fourth weeks of gestation in primates are marked by several developmental milestones, including gastrulation and the formation of organ primordia. However, our understanding of this period is limited due to restricted access to in vivo embryos. To address this gap, we developed an embedded 3D culture system that allows for the extended ex utero culture of cynomolgus monkey embryos for up to 25 days post-fertilization. Morphological, histological, and single-cell RNA-sequencing analyses demonstrate that ex utero cultured monkey embryos largely recapitulated key events of in vivo development. With this platform, we were able to delineate lineage trajectories and genetic programs involved in neural induction, lateral plate mesoderm differentiation, yolk sac hematopoiesis, primitive gut, and primordial germ-cell-like cell development in monkeys. Our embedded 3D culture system provides a robust and reproducible platform for growing monkey embryos from blastocysts to early organogenesis and studying primate embryogenesis ex utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yandong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Bing Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Nianqin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Baiquan Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Honglian Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Hui Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Youyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yuyu Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lizhong Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Hu Zhao
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650504, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Tianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Shangang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yulei Wei
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Reproductive Medical Center and Clinical Stem Cell Research Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Ana Elisa Ribeiro Orsi
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Senior Department of Hematology, Fifth Medical Center, Medical Innovation Research Department, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100071, China.
| | - Weizhi Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Yongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Tao Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
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4
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Shen S, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Niu Y, Pang L, Wang J. Construction of multiple concentration gradients for single-cell level drug screening. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2023; 9:46. [PMID: 37064165 PMCID: PMC10102073 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-023-00516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Isolation and manipulation of single cells play a crucial role in drug screening. However, previously reported single-cell drug screening lacked multiple-dose concentration gradient studies, which limits their ability to predict drug performance accurately. To solve this problem, we constructed a multiconcentration gradient generator in which a Tai Chi-spiral mixer can accelerate solution mixing in a short time and produce a linear concentration gradient. Later, a gradient generator combined with a single-cell capture array was adopted to investigate the effects of single or combined doses of 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin on human hepatoma cells and human breast carcinoma cells (at the single-cell level). The results showed that both drugs were effective in inhibiting the growth of cancer cells, and the combination was more effective for human hepatoma cells. In addition, the relationship between the biomechanical heterogeneity (e.g., deformability and size) of tumor cells and potential drug resistance at the single-cell level was investigated, indicating that small and/or deformable cells were more resistant than large and/or less deformable cells. The device provides a simple and reliable platform for studying the optimal dosage of different drug candidates at the single-cell level and effectively screening single-agent chemotherapy regimens and combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaofei Shen
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Fangjuan Zhang
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Yi Li
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Yanbing Niu
- Shanxi Key Lab for Modernization of TCVM, College of Life Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801 China
| | - Long Pang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710021 China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 China
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5
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Abstract
The next robotics frontier will be led by biohybrids. Capable biohybrid robots require microfluidics to sustain, improve, and scale the architectural complexity of their core ingredient: biological tissues. Advances in microfluidics have already revolutionized disease modeling and drug development, and are positioned to impact regenerative medicine but have yet to apply to biohybrids. Fusing microfluidics with living materials will improve tissue perfusion and maturation, and enable precise patterning of sensing, processing, and control elements. This perspective suggests future developments in advanced biohybrids.
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6
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Filippi M, Buchner T, Yasa O, Weirich S, Katzschmann RK. Microfluidic Tissue Engineering and Bio-Actuation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108427. [PMID: 35194852 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bio-hybrid technologies aim to replicate the unique capabilities of biological systems that could surpass advanced artificial technologies. Soft bio-hybrid robots consist of synthetic and living materials and have the potential to self-assemble, regenerate, work autonomously, and interact safely with other species and the environment. Cells require a sufficient exchange of nutrients and gases, which is guaranteed by convection and diffusive transport through liquid media. The functional development and long-term survival of biological tissues in vitro can be improved by dynamic flow culture, but only microfluidic flow control can develop tissue with fine structuring and regulation at the microscale. Full control of tissue growth at the microscale will eventually lead to functional macroscale constructs, which are needed as the biological component of soft bio-hybrid technologies. This review summarizes recent progress in microfluidic techniques to engineer biological tissues, focusing on the use of muscle cells for robotic bio-actuation. Moreover, the instances in which bio-actuation technologies greatly benefit from fusion with microfluidics are highlighted, which include: the microfabrication of matrices, biomimicry of cell microenvironments, tissue maturation, perfusion, and vascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Filippi
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Buchner
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Oncay Yasa
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Weirich
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Robert K Katzschmann
- Soft Robotics Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Tannenstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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7
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Rajasekar S, Lin DSY, Zhang F, Sotra A, Boshart A, Clotet-Freixas S, Liu A, Hirota JA, Ogawa S, Konvalinka A, Zhang B. Subtractive manufacturing with swelling induced stochastic folding of sacrificial materials for fabricating complex perfusable tissues in multi-well plates. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1929-1942. [PMID: 35383790 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc01141c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organ-on-a-chip systems that recapitulate tissue-level functions have been proposed to improve in vitro-in vivo correlation in drug development. Significant progress has been made to control the cellular microenvironment with mechanical stimulation and fluid flow. However, it has been challenging to introduce complex 3D tissue structures due to the physical constraints of microfluidic channels or membranes in organ-on-a-chip systems. Inspired by 4D bioprinting, we develop a subtractive manufacturing technique where a flexible sacrificial material can be patterned on a 2D surface, swell and shape change when exposed to aqueous hydrogel, and subsequently degrade to produce perfusable networks in a natural hydrogel matrix that can be populated with cells. The technique is applied to fabricate organ-specific vascular networks, vascularized kidney proximal tubules, and terminal lung alveoli in a customized 384-well plate and then further scaled to a 24-well plate format to make a large vascular network, vascularized liver tissues, and for integration with ultrasound imaging. This biofabrication method eliminates the physical constraints in organ-on-a-chip systems to incorporate complex ready-to-perfuse tissue structures in an open-well design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shravanthi Rajasekar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Dawn S Y Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alexander Sotra
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Alex Boshart
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Renal Transplant Program, Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sergi Clotet-Freixas
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Renal Transplant Program, Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amy Liu
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jeremy A Hirota
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Respirology, McMaster University, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Ogawa
- McEwen Stem Cell Institute, University Health Network, MaRS Center, 101 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, MaRS Center, 101 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada
- Liver Transplant Program, Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ana Konvalinka
- Advanced Diagnostics, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Renal Transplant Program, Soham and Shaila Ajmera Family Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, MaRS Center, 101 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7 Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Boyang Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
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8
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Zhuge W, Liu H, Wang W, Wang J. Microfluidic Bioscaffolds for Regenerative Engineering. ENGINEERED REGENERATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.engreg.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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9
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Xie Y, Yao J, Jin W, Ren L, Li X. Induction and Maturation of Hepatocyte-Like Cells In Vitro: Focus on Technological Advances and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:765980. [PMID: 34901010 PMCID: PMC8662991 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.765980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited by the poor proliferation and restricted sources of adult hepatocytes, there is an urgent need to find substitutes for proliferation and cultivation of mature hepatocytes in vitro for use in disease treatment, drug approval, and toxicity testing. Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), which originate from undifferentiated stem cells or modified adult cells, are considered good candidates because of their advantages in terms of cell source and in vitro expansion ability. However, the majority of induced HLCs are in an immature state, and their degree of differentiation is heterogeneous, diminishing their usability in basic research and limiting their clinical application. Therefore, various methods have been developed to promote the maturation of HLCs, including chemical approaches, alteration of cell culture systems, and genetic manipulation, to meet the needs of in vivo transplantation and in vitro model establishment. This review proposes different cell types for the induction of HLCs, and provide a comprehensive overview of various techniques to promote the generation and maturation of HLCs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xie
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Yao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Weilin Jin
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Institute of Cancer Neuroscience, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Longfei Ren
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xun Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Regenerative Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China.,The Medical Frontier Innovation Research Center, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,The Department of General Surgery, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.,Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
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10
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Hayaei Tehrani RS, Hajari MA, Ghorbaninejad Z, Esfandiari F. Droplet microfluidic devices for organized stem cell differentiation into germ cells: capabilities and challenges. Biophys Rev 2021; 13:1245-1271. [PMID: 35059040 PMCID: PMC8724463 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-021-00907-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Demystifying the mechanisms that underlie germline development and gamete production is critical for expanding advanced therapies for infertile couples who cannot benefit from current infertility treatments. However, the low number of germ cells, particularly in the early stages of development, represents a serious challenge in obtaining sufficient materials required for research purposes. In this regard, pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have provided an opportunity for producing an unlimited source of germ cells in vitro. Achieving this ambition is highly dependent on accurate stem cell niche reconstitution which is achievable through applying advanced cell engineering approaches. Recently, hydrogel microparticles (HMPs), as either microcarriers or microcapsules, have shown promising potential in providing an excellent 3-dimensional (3D) biomimetic microenvironment alongside the systematic bioactive agent delivery. In this review, recent studies of utilizing various HMP-based cell engineering strategies for appropriate niche reconstitution and efficient in vitro differentiation are highlighted with a special focus on the capabilities of droplet-based microfluidic (DBM) technology. We believe that a deep understanding of the current limitations and potentials of the DBM systems in integration with stem cell biology provides a bright future for germ cell research. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12551-021-00907-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Sadat Hayaei Tehrani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, 1665659911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Hajari
- Department of Cell Engineering, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zeynab Ghorbaninejad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, 1665659911 Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Esfandiari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, 16635-148, 1665659911 Tehran, Iran
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11
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Samal P, Gubbins E, van Blitterswijk C, Truckenmüller R, Giselbrecht S. Thin fluorinated polymer film microcavity arrays for 3D cell culture and label-free automated feature extraction. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7838-7850. [PMID: 34671787 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00718a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
There is an increasing need for automated label-free morphometric analysis using brightfield microscopy images of 3D cell culture systems. This requires automated feature detection which can be achieved by improving the image contrast, e.g. by reducing the refractive index mismatch in the light path. Here, a novel microcavity platform fabricated using microthermoforming of thin fluorinated ethylene-propylene (FEP) films which match the refractive index of cell culture medium and provide a homogenous background signal intensity is described. FEP is chemically inert, mechanically stable and has been used as a substrate for light sheet microscopy. The microcavities promote formation of mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) aggregates, which show axial elongation and germ layer specification similar to embryonic development. A label-free feature extraction pipeline based on a machine-learning plugin for FIJI is used to extract morphometric features from time-lapse imaging in a highly robust and reproducible manner. Lastly, the pipeline is utilized for testing the effect of the drug Latrunculin A on the mESC aggregates, highlighting the platform's potential for high-content screening (HCS) in drug discovery. This new microengineered tool is an important step towards label-free imaging of free-floating stem cell aggregates and paves the way for high-content drug testing and translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinak Samal
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva Gubbins
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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12
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Pediaditakis I, Kodella KR, Manatakis DV, Le CY, Hinojosa CD, Tien-Street W, Manolakos ES, Vekrellis K, Hamilton GA, Ewart L, Rubin LL, Karalis K. Modeling alpha-synuclein pathology in a human brain-chip to assess blood-brain barrier disruption. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5907. [PMID: 34625559 PMCID: PMC8501050 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies are characterized by the abnormal accumulation of alpha-synuclein aggregates, loss of dopaminergic neurons, and gliosis of the substantia nigra. Although clinical evidence and in vitro studies indicate disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Parkinson's disease, the mechanisms mediating the endothelial dysfunction is not well understood. Here we leveraged the Organs-on-Chips technology to develop a human Brain-Chip representative of the substantia nigra area of the brain containing dopaminergic neurons, astrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and microvascular brain endothelial cells, cultured under fluid flow. Our αSyn fibril-induced model was capable of reproducing several key aspects of Parkinson's disease, including accumulation of phosphorylated αSyn (pSer129-αSyn), mitochondrial impairment, neuroinflammation, and compromised barrier function. This model may enable research into the dynamics of cell-cell interactions in human synucleinopathies and serve as a testing platform for target identification and validation of novel therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iosif Pediaditakis
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
- Serqet Therapeutics, Inc. 55 Cambridge Parkway, Suite 800E, Boston, MA, 02142, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elias S Manolakos
- Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Northeastern University, Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Lorna Ewart
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee L Rubin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Katia Karalis
- Emulate Inc., 27 Drydock Avenue, Boston, MA, USA.
- Endocrine Division, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, 777 Old Saw Mill River Rd, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA.
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13
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Yang Q, Liberali P. Collective behaviours in organoids. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2021; 72:81-90. [PMID: 34332339 PMCID: PMC8533486 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Collective behaviour emerges from interacting units within communities, such as migrating herds, swimming fish schools, and cells within tissues. At the microscopic level, collective behaviours include collective cell migration in development and cancer invasion, rhythmic gene expression in pattern formation, cell competition in homeostasis and cancer, force generation and mechano-sensing in morphogenesis. Studying the initiation and the maintenance of collective cell behaviours is key to understand the principles of development, regeneration and disease. However, the manifold influences of contributing factors in in vivo environments challenge the dissection of causalities in animal models. As an alternative model that has emerged to overcome this difficulty, in vitro three-dimensional organoid cultures provide a reductionist approach yet retain similarities with the in vivo tissue in cellular composition and tissue organisation. Here, we focus on recent progresses in studying collective behaviours in different organoid systems and discuss their advantages and the possibility of improvement for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiutan Yang
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Prisca Liberali
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research (FMI), Maulbeerstrasse 66, 4058 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel. Petersplatz 1, 4001 Basel, Switzerland.
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14
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Gritti N, Oriola D, Trivedi V. Rethinking embryology in vitro: A synergy between engineering, data science and theory. Dev Biol 2021; 474:48-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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15
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Naticchia MR, Laubach LK, Honigfort DJ, Purcell SC, Godula K. Spatially controlled glycocalyx engineering for growth factor patterning in embryoid bodies. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1652-1659. [PMID: 33409513 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01434f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Growth factor (GF) patterning in stem cell spheroids, such as embryoid bodies (EBs), has been sought to guide their differentiation and organization into functional 3D tissue models and organoids. Current approaches relying on exposure of EBs to gradients of GFs suffer from poor molecular transport in the spheroid microenvironment and from high cost of production and low stability of recombinant GFs. We have developed an alternative method for establishing GF gradients in EBs utilizing stem cell surface engineering with membrane-targeting heparan sulfate-glycomimetic co-receptors for GFs. We have capitalized on the ability of amphiphilic lipid-functionalized glycopolymers with affinity for FGF2 to assemble into nanoscale vesicles with tunable dimensions and extracellular matrix penetrance. Upon size-dependent diffusion into EBs, the vesicles fused with the plasma membranes of stem cells, giving rise to concentric gradients of cells with enhanced FGF2-binding. The extracellular matrix-assisted cell surface remodeling process described is the first example of spatially-targeted glycocalyx engineering in multicellular systems to control GF localization. The glycopolymer structure, vesicle dimensions, and remodeling conditions determine the level of FGF2 adhesion and gradient slope. The increased chemical and thermal stability of the synthetic glycomimetics and the tunability of their GF-binding profile, which is defined by their glycosylation and may be extended to other recombinant or endogenous morphogens beyond FGF2, further increase the versatility of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Naticchia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Logan K Laubach
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Daniel J Honigfort
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Sean C Purcell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA.
| | - Kamil Godula
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA. and Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0358, USA
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16
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Hall GN, Tam WL, Andrikopoulos KS, Casas-Fraile L, Voyiatzis GA, Geris L, Luyten FP, Papantoniou I. Patterned, organoid-based cartilaginous implants exhibit zone specific functionality forming osteochondral-like tissues in vivo. Biomaterials 2021; 273:120820. [PMID: 33872857 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineered constructs have the potential to respond to the unmet medical need of treating deep osteochondral defects. However, current tissue engineering strategies struggle in the attempt to create patterned constructs with biologically distinct functionality. In this work, a developmentally-inspired modular approach is proposed, whereby distinct cartilaginous organoids are used as living building blocks. First, a hierarchical construct was created, composed of three layers of cartilaginous tissue intermediates derived from human periosteum-derived cells: (i) early (SOX9), (ii) mature (COL2) and (iii) (pre)hypertrophic (IHH, COLX) phenotype. Subcutaneous implantation in nude mice generated a hybrid tissue containing one mineralized and one non-mineralized part. However, the non-mineralized part was represented by a collagen type I positive fibrocartilage-like tissue. To engineer a more stable articular cartilage part, iPSC-derived cartilage microtissues (SOX9, COL2; IHH neg) were generated. Subcutaneous implantation of assembled iPSC-derived cartilage microtissues resulted in a homogenous cartilaginous tissue positive for collagen type II but negative for osteocalcin. Finally, iPSC-derived cartilage microtissues in combination with the pre-hypertrophic cartilage organoids (IHH, COLX) could form dual tissues consisting of i) a cartilaginous safranin O positive and ii) a bony osteocalcin positive region upon subcutaneous implantation, corresponding to the pre-engineered zonal pattern. The assembly of functional building blocks, as presented in this work, opens possibilities for the production of complex tissue engineered implants by embedding zone-specific functionality through the use of pre-programmed living building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Nilsson Hall
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wai Long Tam
- Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Konstantinos S Andrikopoulos
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Stadiou, 26504, Platani, Patras, Greece; Department of Physics, University of Patras, GR-265 00, Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - Leire Casas-Fraile
- Laboratory of Tissue Homeostasis and Disease, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - George A Voyiatzis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Stadiou, 26504, Platani, Patras, Greece
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; GIGA in Silico Medicine, Université de Liège, Avenue de L'Hôpital 11 - BAT 34, 4000, Liège 1, Belgium; Biomechanics Section, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 300C, PB 2419, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Frank P Luyten
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ioannis Papantoniou
- Prometheus Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Center, Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, O&N1, Herestraat 49, PB 813, 3000, Leuven, Belgium; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, Stadiou, 26504, Platani, Patras, Greece.
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17
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Shankar V, van Blitterswijk C, Vrij E, Giselbrecht S. From Snapshots to Development: Identifying the Gaps in the Development of Stem Cell-based Embryo Models along the Embryonic Timeline. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2004250. [PMID: 33898195 PMCID: PMC8061376 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202004250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, stem cell-based models that reconstruct mouse and human embryogenesis have gained significant traction due to their near-physiological similarity to natural embryos. Embryo models can be generated in large numbers, provide accessibility to a variety of experimental tools such as genetic and chemical manipulation, and confer compatibility with automated readouts, which permits exciting experimental avenues for exploring the genetic and molecular principles of self-organization, development, and disease. However, the current embryo models recapitulate only snapshots within the continuum of embryonic development, allowing the progression of the embryonic tissues along a specific direction. Hence, to fully exploit the potential of stem cell-based embryo models, multiple important gaps in the developmental landscape need to be covered. These include recapitulating the lesser-explored interactions between embryonic and extraembryonic tissues such as the yolk sac, placenta, and the umbilical cord; spatial and temporal organization of tissues; and the anterior patterning of embryonic development. Here, it is detailed how combinations of stem cells and versatile bioengineering technologies can help in addressing these gaps and thereby extend the implications of embryo models in the fields of cell biology, development, and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinidhra Shankar
- Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERThe Netherlands
| | | | - Erik Vrij
- Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERThe Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Maastricht UniversityUniversiteitssingel 40Maastricht6229 ERThe Netherlands
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18
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Samal JRK, Rangasami VK, Samanta S, Varghese OP, Oommen OP. Discrepancies on the Role of Oxygen Gradient and Culture Condition on Mesenchymal Stem Cell Fate. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2002058. [PMID: 33533187 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202002058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past few years, mesenchymal stem (or stromal) cells (MSCs) have garnered enormous interest due to their therapeutic value especially for their multilineage differentiation potential leading to regenerative medicine applications. MSCs undergo physiological changes upon in vitro expansion resulting in expression of different receptors, thereby inducing high variabilities in therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, understanding the biochemical cues that influence the native local signals on differentiation or proliferation of these cells is very important. There have been several reports that in vitro culture of MSCs in low oxygen gradient (or hypoxic conditions) upregulates the stemness markers and promotes cell proliferation in an undifferentiated state, as hypoxia mimics the conditions the progenitor cells experience within the tissue. However, different studies report different oxygen gradients and culture conditions causing ambiguity in their interpretation of the results. In this progress report, it is aimed to summarize recent studies in the field with specific focus on conflicting results reported during the application of hypoxic conditions for improving the proliferation or differentiation of MSCs. Further, it is tried to decipher the factors that can affect characteristics of MSC under hypoxia and suggest a few techniques that could be combined with hypoxic cell culture to better recapitulate the MSC tissue niche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay R. K. Samal
- Department of Instructive Biomaterial Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Maastricht 6229 ER The Netherlands
| | - Vignesh K. Rangasami
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies Tampere University Tampere 33720 Finland
| | - Sumanta Samanta
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies Tampere University Tampere 33720 Finland
| | - Oommen P. Varghese
- Translational Chemical Biology Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry Ångström Laboratory Uppsala University Uppsala 751 21 Sweden
| | - Oommen P. Oommen
- Bioengineering and Nanomedicine Group Faculty of Medicine and Health Technologies Tampere University Tampere 33720 Finland
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19
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Microfluidic and Microscale Assays to Examine Regenerative Strategies in the Neuro Retina. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11121089. [PMID: 33316971 PMCID: PMC7763644 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineering systems have transformed scientific knowledge of cellular behaviors in the nervous system (NS) and pioneered innovative, regenerative therapies to treat adult neural disorders. Microscale systems with characteristic lengths of single to hundreds of microns have examined the development and specialized behaviors of numerous neuromuscular and neurosensory components of the NS. The visual system is comprised of the eye sensory organ and its connecting pathways to the visual cortex. Significant vision loss arises from dysfunction in the retina, the photosensitive tissue at the eye posterior that achieves phototransduction of light to form images in the brain. Retinal regenerative medicine has embraced microfluidic technologies to manipulate stem-like cells for transplantation therapies, where de/differentiated cells are introduced within adult tissue to replace dysfunctional or damaged neurons. Microfluidic systems coupled with stem cell biology and biomaterials have produced exciting advances to restore vision. The current article reviews contemporary microfluidic technologies and microfluidics-enhanced bioassays, developed to interrogate cellular responses to adult retinal cues. The focus is on applications of microfluidics and microscale assays within mammalian sensory retina, or neuro retina, comprised of five types of retinal neurons (photoreceptors, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, retinal ganglion) and one neuroglia (Müller), but excludes the non-sensory, retinal pigmented epithelium.
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20
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Kakni P, Hueber R, Knoops K, López‐Iglesias C, Truckenmüller R, Habibovic P, Giselbrecht S. Intestinal Organoid Culture in Polymer Film‐Based Microwell Arrays. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e2000126. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Kakni
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
| | - Rui Hueber
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
| | - Kèvin Knoops
- Microscopy CORE Lab Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I) Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 50 Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
| | - Carmen López‐Iglesias
- Microscopy CORE Lab Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute (M4I) Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 50 Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
| | - Pamela Habibovic
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- Department of Instructive Biomaterials Engineering MERLN Institute for Technology‐Inspired Regenerative Medicine Maastricht University Universiteitssingel 40 Maastricht ER 6229 The Netherlands
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Guenat OT, Geiser T, Berthiaume F. Clinically Relevant Tissue Scale Responses as New Readouts from Organs-on-a-Chip for Precision Medicine. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY (PALO ALTO, CALIF.) 2020; 13:111-133. [PMID: 31961712 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anchem-061318-114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organs-on-chips (OOC) are widely seen as being the next generation in vitro models able to accurately recreate the biochemical-physical cues of the cellular microenvironment found in vivo. In addition, they make it possible to examine tissue-scale functional properties of multicellular systems dynamically and in a highly controlled manner. Here we summarize some of the most remarkable examples of OOC technology's ability to extract clinically relevant tissue-level information. The review is organized around the types of OOC outputs that can be measured from the cultured tissues and transferred to clinically meaningful information. First, the creation of functional tissues-on-chip is discussed, followed by the presentation of tissue-level readouts specific to OOC, such as morphological changes, vessel formation and function, tissue properties, and metabolic functions. In each case, the clinical relevance of the extracted information is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier T Guenat
- ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, Medical Faculty, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland;
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
- Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Geiser
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital and University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - François Berthiaume
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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22
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Samal P, Maurer P, van Blitterswijk C, Truckenmüller R, Giselbrecht S. A New Microengineered Platform for 4D Tracking of Single Cells in a Stem-Cell-Based In Vitro Morphogenesis Model. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907966. [PMID: 32346909 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Recently developed stem-cell-based in vitro models of morphogenesis can help shed light on the mechanisms involved in embryonic patterning. These models are showcased using traditional cell culture platforms and materials, which allow limited control over the biological system and usually do not support high-content imaging. In contrast, using advanced microengineered tools can help in microscale control, long-term culture, and real-time data acquisition from such biological models and aid in elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Here, a new culturing, manipulation and analysis platform is described to study in vitro morphogenesis using thin polycarbonate film-based microdevices. A pipeline consisting of open-source software to quantify 3D cell movement using 4D image acquisition is developed to analyze cell migration within the multicellular clusters. It is shown that the platform can be used to control and study morphogenesis in non-adherent cultures of the P19C5 mouse stem cell line and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) that show symmetry breaking and axial elongation events similar to early embryonic development. Using the new platform, it is found that localized cell proliferation and coordinated cell migration result in elongation morphogenesis of the P19C5 aggregates. Further, it is found that polarization and elongation of mESC aggregates are dependent on directed cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinak Samal
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Philipp Maurer
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens van Blitterswijk
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Roman Truckenmüller
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Giselbrecht
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, Maastricht, 6229 ER, The Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Engineering functional organs starting from stem or progenitor cells holds promise to address the urgent need for organ transplants. However, to date, the development of complex organ structures remains an open challenge. RECENT FINDINGS Among multiple approaches to organ regeneration that are being investigated, two main directions can be identified, namely the patterned deposition of cells to impose specific structures, using bioprinting technologies, and (ii) the spontaneous development of organoids, according to principles of self-organization. In this review, we shortly describe the advantages and limitations of these paradigms and we discuss how they can synergize their positive features to better control and robustly develop organs from stem cells, toward organogenesis by design. SUMMARY The outlined possibilities to bring together tools and concepts of bioprinting and self-organization will be relevant not only to generate implantable organs, but also to dissect fundamental mechanisms of organogenesis and to test therapeutic strategies in modeled pathological settings.
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Xue CD, Chen XD, Li YJ, Hu GQ, Cao T, Qin KR. Breakup Dynamics of Semi-dilute Polymer Solutions in a Microfluidic Flow-focusing Device. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:E406. [PMID: 32295232 PMCID: PMC7231330 DOI: 10.3390/mi11040406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Droplet microfluidics involving non-Newtonian fluids is of great importance in both fundamental mechanisms and practical applications. In the present study, breakup dynamics in droplet generation of semi-dilute polymer solutions in a microfluidic flow-focusing device were experimentally investigated. We found that the filament thinning experiences a transition from a flow-driven to a capillary-driven regime, analogous to that of purely elastic fluids, while the highly elevated viscosity and complex network structures in the semi-dilute polymer solutions induce the breakup stages with a smaller power-law exponent and extensional relaxation time. It is elucidated that the elevated viscosity of the semi-dilute solution decelerates filament thinning in the flow-driven regime and the incomplete stretch of polymer molecules results in the smaller extensional relaxation time in the capillary-driven regime. These results extend the understanding of breakup dynamics in droplet generation of non-Newtonian fluids and provide guidance for microfluidic synthesis applications involving dense polymeric fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Dong Xue
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.-D.X.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Xiao-Dong Chen
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Yong-Jiang Li
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.-D.X.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Guo-Qing Hu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Tun Cao
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.-D.X.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Kai-Rong Qin
- School of Optoelectronic Engineering and Instrumentation Science, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China; (C.-D.X.); (Y.-J.L.)
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Zhang M, Lin R, Wang X, Xue J, Deng C, Feng C, Zhuang H, Ma J, Qin C, Wan L, Chang J, Wu C. 3D printing of Haversian bone-mimicking scaffolds for multicellular delivery in bone regeneration. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaaz6725. [PMID: 32219170 PMCID: PMC7083611 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aaz6725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The integration of structure and function for tissue engineering scaffolds is of great importance in mimicking native bone tissue. However, the complexity of hierarchical structures, the requirement for mechanical properties, and the diversity of bone resident cells are the major challenges in constructing biomimetic bone tissue engineering scaffolds. Herein, a Haversian bone-mimicking scaffold with integrated hierarchical Haversian bone structure was successfully prepared via digital laser processing (DLP)-based 3D printing. The compressive strength and porosity of scaffolds could be well controlled by altering the parameters of the Haversian bone-mimicking structure. The Haversian bone-mimicking scaffolds showed great potential for multicellular delivery by inducing osteogenic, angiogenic, and neurogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated the ingrowth of blood vessels and new bone formation in vivo. The work offers a new strategy for designing structured and functionalized biomaterials through mimicking native complex bone tissue for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Rongcai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianmin Xue
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cuijun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chun Feng
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hui Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jingge Ma
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Qin
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Li Wan
- Beijing Ten Dimensions Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chengtie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Corresponding author.
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Ai Y, Xie R, Xiong J, Liang Q. Microfluidics for Biosynthesizing: from Droplets and Vesicles to Artificial Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1903940. [PMID: 31603270 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201903940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fabrication of artificial biomimetic materials has attracted abundant attention. As one of the subcategories of biomimetic materials, artificial cells are highly significant for multiple disciplines and their synthesis has been intensively pursued. In order to manufacture robust "alive" artificial cells with high throughput, easy operation, and precise control, flexible microfluidic techniques are widely utilized. Herein, recent advances in microfluidic-based methods for the synthesis of droplets, vesicles, and artificial cells are summarized. First, the advances of droplet fabrication and manipulation on the T-junction, flow-focusing, and coflowing microfluidic devices are discussed. Then, the formation of unicompartmental and multicompartmental vesicles based on microfluidics are summarized. Furthermore, the engineering of droplet-based and vesicle-based artificial cells by microfluidics is also reviewed. Moreover, the artificial cells applied for imitating cell behavior and acting as bioreactors for synthetic biology are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges and future trends in microfluidic-based artificial cells are discussed. This review should be helpful for researchers in the fields of microfluidics, biomaterial fabrication, and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjian Ai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Ruoxiao Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xiong
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Beijing Key Lab of Microanalytical Methods & Instrumentation, Department of Chemistry, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
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Wang S, Yang X, Wu F, Min L, Chen X, Hou X. Inner Surface Design of Functional Microchannels for Microscale Flow Control. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e1905318. [PMID: 31793747 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201905318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fluidic flow behaviors in microfluidics are dominated by the interfaces created between the fluids and the inner surface walls of microchannels. Microchannel inner surface designs, including the surface chemical modification, and the construction of micro-/nanostructures, are good examples of manipulating those interfaces between liquids and surfaces through tuning the chemical and physical properties of the inner walls of the microchannel. Therefore, the microchannel inner surface design plays critical roles in regulating microflows to enhance the capabilities of microfluidic systems for various applications. Most recently, the rapid progresses in micro-/nanofabrication technologies and fundamental materials have also made it possible to integrate increasingly complex chemical and physical surface modification strategies with the preparation of microchannels in microfluidics. Besides, a wave of researches focusing on the ideas of using liquids as dynamic surface materials is identified, and the unique characteristics endowed with liquid-liquid interfaces have revealed that the interesting phenomena can extend the scope of interfacial interactions determining microflow behaviors. This review extensively discusses the microchannel inner surface designs for microflow control, especially evaluates them from the perspectives of the interfaces resulting from the inner surface designs. In addition, prospective opportunities for the development of surface designs of microchannels, and their applications are provided with the potential to attract scientific interest in areas related to the rapid development and applications of various microchannel systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Bionic and Soft Matter Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lingli Min
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xinyu Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xu Hou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Bionic and Soft Matter Research Institute, College of Physical Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Soft Functional Materials Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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Salehi SS, Shamloo A, Hannani SK. Microfluidic technologies to engineer mesenchymal stem cell aggregates-applications and benefits. Biophys Rev 2020; 12:123-133. [PMID: 31953794 PMCID: PMC7040154 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-020-00613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell culture and the forming multicellular aggregates are superior over traditional monolayer approaches due to better mimicking of in vivo conditions and hence functions of a tissue. A considerable amount of attention has been devoted to devising efficient methods for the rapid formation of uniform-sized multicellular aggregates. Microfluidic technology describes a platform of techniques comprising microchannels to manipulate the small number of reagents with unique properties and capabilities suitable for biological studies. The focus of this review is to highlight recent studies of using microfluidics, especially droplet-based types for the formation, culture, and harvesting of mesenchymal stem cell aggregates and their subsequent application in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and drug screening. Droplet-based microfluidics can be used to form microgels as carriers for delivering cells and to provide biological cues to the target tissue so as to be minimally invasive. Stem cell-laden microgels with a shape-forming property can be used as smart building blocks by injecting them into the injured tissue thereby constituting the cornerstone of tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Shamloo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Gu Z, Guo J, Wang H, Wen Y, Gu Q. Bioengineered microenvironment to culture early embryos. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12754. [PMID: 31916359 PMCID: PMC7046478 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The abnormalities of early post-implantation embryos can lead to early pregnancy loss and many other syndromes. However, it is hard to study embryos after implantation due to the limited accessibility. The success of embryo culture in vitro can avoid the challenges of embryonic development in vivo and provide a powerful research platform for research in developmental biology. The biophysical and chemical cues of the microenvironments impart significant spatiotemporal effects on embryonic development. Here, we summarize the main strategies which enable researchers to grow embryos outside of the body while overcoming the implantation barrier, highlight the roles of engineered microenvironments in regulating early embryonic development, and finally discuss the future challenges and new insights of early embryo culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Gu
- School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio‐inspired Materials and Interfacial ScienceTechnical Institute of Physics and ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jia Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hongmei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yongqiang Wen
- School of Chemistry and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Science and Technology BeijingBeijingChina
| | - Qi Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane BiologyInstitute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
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Lovecchio J, Pannella M, Giardino L, Calzà L, Giordano E. A dynamic culture platform enhances the efficiency of the 3D HUVEC-based tube formation assay. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:789-797. [PMID: 31736057 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based in vitro biological models traditionally use monolayer cell cultures grown over plastic surfaces bathing in static media. Higher fidelity to a natural biological tissue is expected to result from growing the cells in a three-dimensional (3D) matrix. However, due to the decreased rate of diffusion inherent to increased distances within a tridimensional space, proper fluidic conditions are needed in this setting to better approximate a physiological environment. To this aim, we here propose a prototypal dynamic cell culture platform for the automatic medium replacement, via periodic perfusion flow, in a human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVECs) culture seeded in a Geltrex™ matrix. A state-of-the-art angiogenesis assay performed in these dynamic conditions showed sizable effects with respect to conventional static control cultures, with significantly enhanced pro-(dual antiplatelet therapy [DAPT]) and anti-(EDTA) angiogenic compound activity. In particular, dynamic culture conditions (a) enhance the 3D-organization of HUVECs into microtubule structure; (b) accelerate and improve endothelial tube formation by HUVECs in the presence of DAPT; (c) are able to completely revert the blocking effects of EDTA. These evidence emphasize the need of setting proper fluidic conditions for a better approximation of a physiological environment as an appropriate evolution of current cell culture paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Lovecchio
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "Silvio Cavalcanti"-Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy
| | - Micaela Pannella
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Calzà
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giordano
- Health Sciences and Technologies-Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Engineering "Silvio Cavalcanti"-Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi" (DEI), University of Bologna, Cesena, Italy.,Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems "Ercole De Castro", University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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31
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Sthijns MMJPE, LaPointe VLS, van Blitterswijk CA. Building Complex Life Through Self-Organization. Tissue Eng Part A 2019; 25:1341-1346. [PMID: 31411111 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2019.0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are inherently conferred with the ability to self-organize into the tissues and organs comprising the human body. Self-organization can be recapitulated in vitro and recent advances in the organoid field are just one example of how we can generate small functioning elements of organs. Tissue engineers can benefit from the power of self-organization and should consider how they can harness and enhance the process with their constructs. For example, aggregates of stem cells and tissue-specific cells benefit from the input of carefully selected biomolecules to guide their differentiation toward a mature phenotype. This can be further enhanced by the use of technologies to provide a physiological microenvironment for self-organization, enhance the size of the constructs, and enable the long-term culture of self-organized structures. Of importance, conducting self-organization should be limited to fine-tuning and should avoid over-engineering that could counteract the power of inherent cellular self-organization. Impact Statement Self-organization is a powerful innate feature of cells that can be fine-tuned but not over-engineered to create new tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille M J P E Sthijns
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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