1
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Han H, Xu L, Fu Y, Lang K, Shen F, Zou P, Liu X, Xu J, Yao J. CaF 2 Nanoparticle-Induced γ-CsPbI 2.81Br 0.19 Heterogeneous Crystallization for High-Efficiency Flexible All-Inorganic Perovskite Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:10514-10524. [PMID: 39400281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c02603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
All-inorganic CsPbI3 films necessitate higher annealing temperatures for high-quality crystallization. Consequently, the conventional low-temperature solution approach often results in poor crystallization in flexible CsPbI3 films, significantly degrading the optoelectronic performance and stability of flexible perovskite solar cells (f-PSCs). Herein, a heterogeneous CaF2 nanocrystal seed-induced strategy has been successfully utilized to achieve enhanced crystallization of a flexible CsPbI2.81Br0.19 film. Due to their good lattice match with the perovskite material, CaF2 nanoparticles can decrease the critical Gibbs free energy of CsPbI2.81Br0.19 perovskite nucleation, thereby accelerating γ-phase CsPbI2.81Br0.19 crystallization at low temperatures. This leads to an improved crystalline quality of the flexible perovskite film at low temperatures, which minimizes defects and enhances the stability of f-PSCs. The CsPbI2.81Br0.19 f-PSCs achieved a champion power conversion efficiency of 15.03% and demonstrated mechanical stability, retaining 98.1% of their initial efficiency even after 60 000 bending cycles with a curvature radius of 5 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Han
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Lingqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yao Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Kun Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Fan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Pengchen Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jia Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Jianxi Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Safety and Clean Utilization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
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2
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Yang Y, Feng S, Li X, Qin M, Li L, Yang X, Tai R. Synchrotron Radiation-Based In Situ GIWAXS for Metal Halide Perovskite Solution Spin-Coating Fabrication. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403778. [PMID: 38992962 PMCID: PMC11425288 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Solution-processable perovskite-based devices are potentially very interesting because of their relatively cheap fabrication cost but outstanding optoelectronic performance. However, the solution spin-coating process involves complicated processes, including perovskite solution droplets, nucleation of perovskite, and formation of intermediate perovskite films, resulting in complicated crystallization pathways for perovskite films under annealing. Understanding and therefore controlling the fabrication process of perovskites is difficult. Recently, synchrotron radiation-based in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) techniques, which possess the advantages of high collimation, high resolution, and high brightness, have enabled to bridge complicated perovskite structure information with device performance by revealing the real-time crystallization pathways of perovskites during the spin-coating process. Herein, the developments of synchrotron radiation-based in situ GIWAXS are discussed in the study of the crystallization process of perovskites, especially revealing the important crystallization mechanisms of state-of-the-art perovskite optoelectronic devices with high performance. At the end, several potential applications and challenges associated with in situ GIWAXS techniques for perovskite-based devices are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingguo Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute & Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shanglei Feng
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute & Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Technology, Xidian University, Hangzhou, 311200, China
| | - Minchao Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Lina Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute & Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xuyong Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Renzhong Tai
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Shanghai Advanced Research Institute & Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
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3
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Ugur E, Said AA, Dally P, Zhang S, Petoukhoff CE, Rosas-Villalva D, Zhumagali S, Yildirim BK, Razzaq A, Sarwade S, Yazmaciyan A, Baran D, Laquai F, Deger C, Yavuz I, Allen TG, Aydin E, De Wolf S. Enhanced cation interaction in perovskites for efficient tandem solar cells with silicon. Science 2024; 385:533-538. [PMID: 39088622 DOI: 10.1126/science.adp1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024]
Abstract
To achieve the full potential of monolithic perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells, crystal defects and film inhomogeneities in the perovskite top cell must be minimized. We discuss the use of methylenediammonium dichloride as an additive to the perovskite precursor solution, resulting in the incorporation of in situ-formed tetrahydrotriazinium (THTZ-H+) into the perovskite lattice upon film crystallization. The cyclic nature of the THTZ-H+ cation enables a strong interaction with the lead octahedra of the perovskite lattice through the formation of hydrogen bonds with iodide in multiple directions. This structure improves the device power conversion efficiency (PCE) and phase stability of 1.68 electron volts perovskites under prolonged light and heat exposure under 1-sun illumination at 85°C. Monolithic perovskite/silicon tandems incorporating THTZ-H+ in the perovskite photo absorber reached a 33.7% independently certified PCE for a device area of 1 square centimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esma Ugur
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Ali Said
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Pia Dally
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanshan Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christopher E Petoukhoff
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Diego Rosas-Villalva
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shynggys Zhumagali
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bumin K Yildirim
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arsalan Razzaq
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shruti Sarwade
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aren Yazmaciyan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Caner Deger
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ilhan Yavuz
- Department of Physics, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Thomas G Allen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkan Aydin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), Material Science and Engineering Program (MSE), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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4
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Reus MA, Baier T, Lindenmeir CG, Weinzierl AF, Buyan-Arivjikh A, Wegener SA, Kosbahn DP, Reb LK, Rubeck J, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Modular slot-die coater for in situ grazing-incidence x-ray scattering experiments on thin films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:043907. [PMID: 38656556 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multimodal in situ experiments during slot-die coating of thin films pioneer the way to kinetic studies on thin-film formation. They establish a powerful tool to understand and optimize the formation and properties of thin-film devices, e.g., solar cells, sensors, or LED films. Thin-film research benefits from time-resolved grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) with a sub-second resolution to reveal the evolution of crystal structure, texture, and morphology during the deposition process. Simultaneously investigating optical properties by in situ photoluminescence measurements complements in-depth kinetic studies focusing on a comprehensive understanding of the triangular interdependency of processing, structure, and function for a roll-to-roll compatible, scalable thin-film deposition process. Here, we introduce a modular slot-die coater specially designed for in situ GIWAXS/GISAXS measurements and applicable to various ink systems. With a design for quick assembly, the slot-die coater permits the reproducible and comparable fabrication of thin films in the lab and at the synchrotron using the very same hardware components, as demonstrated in this work by experiments performed at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). Simultaneous to GIWAXS/GISAXS, photoluminescence measurements probe optoelectronic properties in situ during thin-film formation. An environmental chamber allows to control the atmosphere inside the coater. Modular construction and lightweight design make the coater mobile, easy to transport, quickly extendable, and adaptable to new beamline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Reus
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Baier
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph G Lindenmeir
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander F Weinzierl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Altantulga Buyan-Arivjikh
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Simon A Wegener
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David P Kosbahn
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lennart K Reb
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Rubeck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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5
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Simenas M, Gagor A, Banys J, Maczka M. Phase Transitions and Dynamics in Mixed Three- and Low-Dimensional Lead Halide Perovskites. Chem Rev 2024; 124:2281-2326. [PMID: 38421808 PMCID: PMC10941198 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites are extensively investigated as efficient solution-processable materials for photovoltaic applications. The greatest stability and performance of these compounds are achieved by mixing different ions at all three sites of the APbX3 structure. Despite the extensive use of mixed lead halide perovskites in photovoltaic devices, a detailed and systematic understanding of the mixing-induced effects on the structural and dynamic aspects of these materials is still lacking. The goal of this review is to summarize the current state of knowledge on mixing effects on the structural phase transitions, crystal symmetry, cation and lattice dynamics, and phase diagrams of three- and low-dimensional lead halide perovskites. This review analyzes different mixing recipes and ingredients providing a comprehensive picture of mixing effects and their relation to the attractive properties of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantas Simenas
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Anna Gagor
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Juras Banys
- Faculty
of Physics, Vilnius University, Sauletekio 3, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Miroslaw Maczka
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, PL-50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
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6
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Zou Y, Bai X, Kahmann S, Dai L, Yuan S, Yin S, Heger JE, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Chen CC, Zhang J, Stranks SD, Friend RH, Müller-Buschbaum P. A Practical Approach Toward Highly Reproducible and High-Quality Perovskite Films Based on an Aging Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307024. [PMID: 37739404 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Solution processing of hybrid perovskite semiconductors is a highly promising approach for the fabrication of cost-effective electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, challenges with this approach lie in overcoming the controllability of the perovskite film morphology and the reproducibility of device efficiencies. Here, a facile and practical aging treatment (AT) strategy is reported to modulate the perovskite crystal growth to produce sufficiently high-quality perovskite thin films with improved homogeneity and full-coverage morphology. The resulting AT-films exhibit fewer defects, faster charge carrier transfer/extraction, and suppressed non-radiative recombination compared with reference. The AT-devices achieve a noticeable improvement in the reproducibility, operational stability, and photovoltaic performance of devices, with the average efficiency increased by 16%. It also demonstrates the feasibility and scalability of AT strategy in optimizing the film morphology and device performance for other perovskite components including MAPbI3 , (MAPbBr3 )15 (FAPbI3 )85 , and Cs0.05 (MAPbBr3 )0.17 (FAPbI3 )0.83 . This method opens an effective avenue to improve the quality of perovskite films and photovoltaic devices in a scalable and reproducible manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Zou
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Xinyu Bai
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Simon Kahmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Linjie Dai
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Julian E Heger
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestrasse 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56-58, Stockholm, SE-100 44, Sweden
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, No. 59 Zhongguancun Street, Beijing, 100872, P. R. China
| | - Samuel D Stranks
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Richard H Friend
- Department of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz-Zentrum (MLZ), Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
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7
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Yin L, Huang W, Fang J, Ding Z, Jin C, Du Y, Lang L, Yang T, Wang S, Cai W, Liu C, Zhao G, Yang Y, Liu SF, Bu T, Zhao K. Crystallization Control for Ambient Printed FA-Based Lead Triiodide Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303384. [PMID: 37572021 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Upscalable printing of high-performance and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is highly desired for commercialization. However, the efficiencies of printed PSCs lag behind those of their lab-scale spin-coated counterparts owing to the lack of systematic understanding and control over perovskite crystallization dynamics. Here, the controlled crystallization dynamics achieved using an additive 1-butylpyridine tetrafluoroborate (BPyBF4 ) for high-quality ambient printed α-formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3 ) perovskite films are reported. Using in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and optical diagnostics, the spontaneous formation of α-FAPbI3 from precursors during printing without the involvement of δ-FAPbI3 is demonstrated. The addition of BPyBF4 delays the crystallization onset of α-FAPbI3 , enhances the conversion from sol-gel to perovskite, and reduces stacking defects during printing. Therefore, the altered crystallization results in fewer voids, larger grains, and less trap-induced recombination loss within printed films. The printed PSCs yield high power conversion efficiencies of 23.50% and 21.60% for a 0.09 cm-2 area device and a 5 cm × 5 cm-area module, respectively. Improved device stability is further demonstrated, i.e., approximately 94% of the initial efficiency is retained for over 2400 h under ambient conditions without encapsulation. This study provides an effective crystallization control method for the ambient printing manufacture of large-area high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Wenliang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Junjie Fang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chengkai Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yachao Du
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Lei Lang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tinghuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Shumei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Weilun Cai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Chou Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Guangtao Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Yingguo Yang
- School of Microelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shengzhong Frank Liu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
| | - Tongle Bu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, Institute for Advanced Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, China
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8
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Yue W, Yang H, Cai H, Xiong Y, Zhou T, Liu Y, Zhao J, Huang F, Cheng YB, Zhong J. Printable High-Efficiency and Stable FAPbBr 3 Perovskite Solar Cells for Multifunctional Building-Integrated Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301548. [PMID: 37219459 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) show great promise for next-generation building-integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) applications because of their abundance of raw materials, adjustable transparency, and cost-effective printable processing. Owing to the complex perovskite nucleation and growth control, the fabrication of large-area perovskite films for high-performance printed PSCs is still under active investigation. Herein, the study proposes an intermediate-phase-transition-assisted one-step blade coating for an intrinsic transparent formamidinium lead bromide (FAPbBr3 ) perovskite film. The intermediate complex optimizes the crystal growth path of FAPbBr3 , resulting in a large-area, homogeneous, and dense absorber film. A champion efficiency of 10.86% with high open-circuit voltage up to 1.57 V is obtained with a simplified device architecture of glass/FTO/SnO2 /FAPbBr3 /carbon. Moreover, the unencapsulated devices maintain 90% of their initial power conversion efficiency after aging at 75 °C for 1000 h in ambient air, and 96% after maximum power point tracking for 500 h. The printed semitransparent PSCs, with average visible light transmittance over 45%, demonstrate high efficiencies for both small devices (8.6%) and 10 × 10 cm2 modules (5.55%). Finally, the ability to customize the color, transparency, and thermal insulation properties of FAPbBr3 PSCs makes them high prospects as multifunctional BIPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yue
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528216, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yang
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528216, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Cai
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528216, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Xiong
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Juan Zhao
- School of Automobile Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhi Huang
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528216, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Bing Cheng
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528216, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhong
- Research Centre for Advanced Thin Film Photovoltaics, State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
- Foshan Xianhu Laboratory of the Advanced Energy Science and Technology Guangdong Laboratory, Foshan, Guangdong, 528216, P. R. China
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9
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Chen L, Chen J, Wang C, Ren H, Hou HY, Zhang YF, Li YQ, Gao X, Tang JX. Suppressed Voltage Deficit and Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells by Regulating the Mineralization of Lead Iodide. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207817. [PMID: 36919945 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Both the uncoordinated Pb2+ and excess PbI2 in perovskite film will create defects and perturb carrier collection, thus leading to the open-circuit voltage (VOC ) loss and inducing rapid performance degradation of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, an additive of 3-aminothiophene-2-carboxamide (3-AzTca) that contains amide and amino and features a large molecular size is introduced to improve the quality of perovskite film. The interplay of size effect and adequate bonding strength between 3-AzTca and uncoordinated Pb2+ regulates the mineralization of PbI2 and generates low-dimensional PbI2 phase, thereby boosting the crystallization of perovskite. The decreased defect states result in suppressed nonradiative recombination and reduced VOC loss. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of modified PSC is improved to 22.79% with a high VOC of 1.22 V. Moreover, the decomposition of PbI2 and perovskite films is also retarded, yielding enhanced device stability. This study provides an effective method to minimize the concentration of uncoordinated Pb2+ and improve the PCE and stability of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Jingde Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chenyue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Hong-Yi Hou
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ye-Fan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Yan-Qing Li
- School of Physics and Electronics Science, Ministry of Education Nanophotonics and Advanced Instrument Engineering Research Center, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Zhangjiang Laboratory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Jian-Xin Tang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macao, SAR, 999078, China
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10
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Telschow O, Scheffczyk N, Hinderhofer A, Merten L, Kneschaurek E, Bertram F, Zhou Q, Löffler M, Schreiber F, Paulus F, Vaynzof Y. Elucidating Structure Formation in Highly Oriented Triple Cation Perovskite Films. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2206325. [PMID: 37078840 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are an emerging class of crystalline semiconductors of great interest for application in optoelectronics. Their properties are dictated not only by their composition, but also by their crystalline structure and microstructure. While significant efforts are dedicated to the development of strategies for microstructural control, significantly less is known about the processes that govern the formation of their crystalline structure in thin films, in particular in the context of crystalline orientation. This work investigates the formation of highly oriented triple cation perovskite films fabricated by utilizing a range of alcohols as an antisolvent. Examining the film formation by in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering reveals the presence of a short-lived highly oriented crystalline intermediate, which is identified as FAI-PbI2 -xDMSO. The intermediate phase templates the crystallization of the perovskite layer, resulting in highly oriented perovskite layers. The formation of this dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) containing intermediate is triggered by the selective removal of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) when alcohols are used as an antisolvent, consequently leading to differing degrees of orientation depending on the antisolvent properties. Finally, this work demonstrates that photovoltaic devices fabricated from the highly oriented films, are superior to those with a random polycrystalline structure in terms of both performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Telschow
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Niels Scheffczyk
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Lena Merten
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Qi Zhou
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Markus Löffler
- Dresden Center for Nanoanalysis (DCN), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Paulus
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials, Technische Universität Dresden, Nöthnitzer Straße 61, 01187, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 18, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Szostak R, de Souza Gonçalves A, de Freitas JN, Marchezi PE, de Araújo FL, Tolentino HCN, Toney MF, das Chagas Marques F, Nogueira AF. In Situ and Operando Characterizations of Metal Halide Perovskite and Solar Cells: Insights from Lab-Sized Devices to Upscaling Processes. Chem Rev 2023; 123:3160-3236. [PMID: 36877871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The performance and stability of metal halide perovskite solar cells strongly depend on precursor materials and deposition methods adopted during the perovskite layer preparation. There are often a number of different formation pathways available when preparing perovskite films. Since the precise pathway and intermediary mechanisms affect the resulting properties of the cells, in situ studies have been conducted to unravel the mechanisms involved in the formation and evolution of perovskite phases. These studies contributed to the development of procedures to improve the structural, morphological, and optoelectronic properties of the films and to move beyond spin-coating, with the use of scalable techniques. To explore the performance and degradation of devices, operando studies have been conducted on solar cells subjected to normal operating conditions, or stressed with humidity, high temperatures, and light radiation. This review presents an update of studies conducted in situ using a wide range of structural, imaging, and spectroscopic techniques, involving the formation/degradation of halide perovskites. Operando studies are also addressed, emphasizing the latest degradation results for perovskite solar cells. These works demonstrate the importance of in situ and operando studies to achieve the level of stability required for scale-up and consequent commercial deployment of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Szostak
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Agnaldo de Souza Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Gleb Wataghin Institute of Physics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-859 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jilian Nei de Freitas
- Center for Information Technology Renato Archer (CTI), 13069-901 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo E Marchezi
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Department of Engineering and Physics, Karlstad University, 651 88 Karlstad, Sweden
| | - Francineide Lopes de Araújo
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Hélio Cesar Nogueira Tolentino
- Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), 13083-100 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Michael F Toney
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, and Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | - Ana Flavia Nogueira
- Laboratório de Nanotecnologia e Energia Solar (LNES), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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12
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Li B, Shen T, Yun S. Recent progress of crystal orientation engineering in halide perovskite photovoltaics. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:13-40. [PMID: 36415914 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00980c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Manipulating the crystallographic orientation of semiconductor crystals plays a vital role in fine-tuning their facet-dependent properties, such as surface properties, charge transfer properties, trap state density, and lattice strain. The success in crystal orientation engineering enables the preferential growth orientation of perovskite thin films with favorable crystal planes by precise nucleation manipulation and growth condition optimization, rendering the films with the unique optoelectronic properties to further improve the efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the origin and impact of preferential crystallographic orientation of perovskite thin films on the corresponding photovoltaic performance of PSCs are still far from being well understood. Herein, we explore the crystal orientation-dependent optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites and their influence on the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. We summarize the basic strategies for crystal facet engineering in the fabrication of preferentially oriented perovskite thin films, with a focus on the oriented growth mechanism during thin film formation. Based on the above knowledge and the recent research progress in terms of crystal orientation engineering in PSCs, a brief outlook on the remaining challenges and perspectives are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- School of Materials and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China.
| | - Ting Shen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Sining Yun
- School of Materials and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China.
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13
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Zhao L, Tang P, Luo D, Dar MI, Eickemeyer FT, Arora N, Hu Q, Luo J, Liu Y, Zakeeruddin SM, Hagfeldt A, Arbiol J, Huang W, Gong Q, Russell TP, Friend RH, Grätzel M, Zhu R. Enabling full-scale grain boundary mitigation in polycrystalline perovskite solids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo3733. [PMID: 36054361 PMCID: PMC10848950 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo3733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There exists a considerable density of interaggregate grain boundaries (GBs) and intra-aggregate GBs in polycrystalline perovskites. Mitigation of intra-aggregate GBs is equally notable to that of interaggregate GBs as intra-aggregate GBs can also cause detrimental effects on the photovoltaic performances of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we demonstrate full-scale GB mitigation ranging from nanoscale intra-aggregate to submicron-scale interaggregate GBs, by modulating the crystallization kinetics using a judiciously designed brominated arylamine trimer. The optimized GB-mitigated perovskite films exhibit reduced nonradiative recombination, and their corresponding mesostructured PSCs show substantially enhanced device efficiency and long-term stability under illumination, humidity, or heat stress. The versatility of our strategy is also verified upon applying it to different categories of PSCs. Our discovery not only specifies a rarely addressed perspective concerning fundamental studies of perovskites at nanoscale but also opens a route to obtain high-quality solution-processed polycrystalline perovskites for high-performance optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pengyi Tang
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- State Key Laboratory of Information Functional Materials, 2020 X-Lab, ShangHai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Deying Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - M. Ibrahim Dar
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Felix T. Eickemeyer
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Neha Arora
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Qin Hu
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- School of Microelectronics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jingshan Luo
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology, Solar Energy Research Center, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Shaik Mohammed Zakeeruddin
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- Laboratory of Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Arbiol
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona 08193, Catalonia, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona 08010, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced Materials, Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Michael Grätzel
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics & Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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14
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Eatmon Y, Romiluyi O, Ganley C, Ni R, Pelczer I, Clancy P, Rand BP, Schwartz J. Untying the Cesium "Not": Cesium-Iodoplumbate Complexation in Perovskite Solution-Processing Inks Has Implications for Crystallization. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:6130-6137. [PMID: 35759533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We illustrate the critical importance of the energetics of cation-solvent versus cation-iodoplumbate interactions in determining the stability of ABX3 perovskite precursors in a dimethylformamide (DMF) solvent medium. We have shown, through a complementary suite of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and computational studies, that Cs+ exhibits significantly different solvent vs iodoplumbate interactions compared to organic A+-site cations such as CH3NH3+ (MA+). Two NMR studies were conducted: 133Cs NMR analysis shows that Cs+ and MA+ compete for coordination with PbI3- in DMF. 207Pb NMR studies of PbI2 with cationic iodides show that perovskite-forming Cs+ (and, somewhat, Rb+) do not comport with the 207Pb chemical shift trend found for Li+, Na+, and K+. Three independent computational approaches (density functional theory (DFT), ab initio Molecular Dynamics (AIMD), and a polarizable force field within Molecular Dynamics) yielded strikingly similar results: Cs+ interacts more strongly with the PbI3- iodoplumbate than does MA+ in a polar solvent environment like DMF. The stronger energy preference for PbI3- coordination of Cs+ vs MA+ in DMF demonstrates that Cs+ is not simply a postcrystallization cation "fit" for the perovskite A+-site. Instead, it may facilitate preorganization of the framework precursor that eventually transforms into the crystalline perovskite structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Eatmon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Oluwaseun Romiluyi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Connor Ganley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Ruihao Ni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - István Pelczer
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Barry P Rand
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Andlinger Center for Energy and the Environment, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Jeffrey Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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15
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Barrit D, Tang MC, Munir R, Li R, Zhao K, Smilgies DM. Processing of Lead Halide Perovskite Thin Films Studied with In-Situ Real-Time X-ray Scattering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:26315-26326. [PMID: 35639827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskites have been of paramount interest for solution-processable solar cells, reaching power conversion efficiencies larger than 25%. In this spotlight, we will provide a systematic overview of the influence of different solution-based processing routes of lead halide perovskites on their phase transformation and conversion as revealed through in-situ X-ray-scattering experiments. These experiments were performed in conditions closely mimicking thin film processing methods and conditions used for thin film solar cell device fabrication and therefore provide critical information about the mechanism of the phase transformation, its onset, the kinetics, as well as the emergence and disappearance of various (meso)phases along the way. The measurements capture the overall solidification and conversion process of lead halide perovskite inks into solid films via so-called one-step and two-step spin-coating processes as well as blade coating and hot casting. Processing routes are applied to films based on basic components as well as mixtures of different anions and cations, solvents, and antisolvents, all of which deeply affect the thin film microstructure and morphology of the light-absorbing semiconductor and associated solar cell devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounya Barrit
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Perovskite and Novel Photovoltaic Technologies Group, Green Energy Park (IRESEN/UM6P), Benguerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Ming-Chun Tang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahim Munir
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education; Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices; Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Detlef-M Smilgies
- Center for Advanced Microelectronics Manufacturing and Materials Science and Engineering Program, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
- R. F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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16
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Photo-induced enhancement of lattice fluctuations in metal-halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1019. [PMID: 35197455 PMCID: PMC8866428 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28532-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The optoelectronic properties of metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) are affected by lattice fluctuations. Using ultrafast pump-probe spectroscopy, we demonstrate that in state-of-the-art mixed-cation MHPs ultrafast photo-induced bandgap narrowing occurs with a linear to super-linear dependence on the excited carrier density ranging from 1017 cm-3 to above 1018 cm-3. Time-domain terahertz spectroscopy reveals carrier localization increases with carrier density. Both observations, the anomalous dependence of the bandgap narrowing and the increased carrier localization can be rationalized by photo-induced lattice fluctuations. The magnitude of the photo-induced lattice fluctuations depends on the intrinsic instability of the MHP lattice. Our findings provide insight into ultrafast processes in MHPs following photoexcitation and thus help to develop a concise picture of the ultrafast photophysics of this important class of emerging semiconductors.
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A universal co-solvent dilution strategy enables facile and cost-effective fabrication of perovskite photovoltaics. Nat Commun 2022; 13:89. [PMID: 35013272 PMCID: PMC8748698 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cost management and toxic waste generation are two key issues that must be addressed before the commercialization of perovskite optoelectronic devices. We report a groundbreaking strategy for eco-friendly and cost-effective fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells. This strategy involves the usage of a high volatility co-solvent, which dilutes perovskite precursors to a lower concentration (<0.5 M) while retaining similar film quality and device performance as a high concentration (>1.4 M) solution. More than 70% of toxic waste and material cost can be reduced. Mechanistic insights reveal ultra-rapid evaporation of the co-solvent together with beneficial alteration of the precursor colloidal chemistry upon dilution with co-solvent, which in-situ studies and theoretical simulations confirm. The co-solvent tuned precursor colloidal properties also contribute to the enhancement of the stability of precursor solution, which extends its processing window thus minimizing the waste. This strategy is universally successful across different perovskite compositions, and scales from small devices to large-scale modules using industrial spin-coating, potentially easing the lab-to-fab translation of perovskite technologies.
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Wang J, Wang W, Chen Y, Song L, Huang W. Growth and Degradation Kinetics of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Films Determined by In Situ Grazing-Incidence X-Ray Scattering Techniques. SMALL METHODS 2021; 5:e2100829. [PMID: 34928020 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202100829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) solar cells hold a great promise for commercial breakthrough since their power conversion efficiency has been pushed beyond the mark of 25%, making them capable of competing with traditional crystalline silicon solar cells. The key to achieve efficient and stable perovskite solar cells is inherently related to the film morphology. The understanding of the kinetic processes of film formation and degradation opens up possibilities to tailor the film morphology via the regulation of precursor and processing parameters. In situ grazing-incidence X-ray scattering (GIXS) techniques allow for tracking the morphology evolution of thin films at different length scales and with high temporal resolution. In this review, the selected examples for application of in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and grazing-incidence small-angle X-ray scattering techniques to the growth and stability of OIHPs are summarized after a brief introduction to both techniques, highlighting particularly the morphological evolution of perovskite films over time. Then the correlated mathematical models are reviewed to give a toolbox for analyzing the mechanisms of film formation and degradation. Thus, an overview on the in situ GIXS methods is linked to the research of OIHP kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yonghua Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
| | - Lin Song
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211816, China
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics & Information Displays (KLOEID), and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
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Qin M, Chan PF, Lu X. A Systematic Review of Metal Halide Perovskite Crystallization and Film Formation Mechanism Unveiled by In Situ GIWAXS. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2105290. [PMID: 34605066 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202105290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are of fundamental interest in the research of modern thin-film optoelectronic devices, owing to their widely tunable optoelectronic properties and solution processability. To obtain high-quality perovskite films and ultimately high-performance perovskite devices, it is crucial to understand the film formation mechanisms, which, however, remains a great challenge, due to the complexity of perovskite composition, dimensionality, and processing conditions. Nevertheless, the state-of-the-art in situ grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) technique enables one to bridge the complex information with device performance by revealing the crystallization pathways during the perovskite film formation process. In this review, the authors illustrate how to obtain and understand in situ GIWAXS data, summarize and assess recent results of in situ GIWAXS studies on versatile perovskite photovoltaic systems, aiming at elucidating the distinct features and common ground of film formation mechanisms, and shedding light on future opportunities of employing in situ GIWAXS to study the fundamental working mechanisms of highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells toward mass production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchao Qin
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Pok Fung Chan
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, 999077, Hong Kong
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20
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Ma C, Chen H, Yengel E, Faber H, Khan JI, Tang MC, Li R, Loganathan K, Lin Y, Zhang W, Laquai F, McCulloch I, Anthopoulos TD. Printed Memtransistor Utilizing a Hybrid Perovskite/Organic Heterojunction Channel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:51592-51601. [PMID: 34696578 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Neuromorphic computing has the potential to address the inherent limitations of conventional integrated circuit technology, ranging from perception, pattern recognition, to memory and decision-making ( Acc. Chem. Res. 2019, 52 (4), 964-974) ( Nature 2004, 431 (7010), 796-803) ( Nat. Nanotechnol. 2013, 8 (1), 13-24). Despite their low power consumption ( Nano Lett. 2016, 16 (11), 6724-6732), traditional two-terminal memristors can perform only a single function while lacking heterosynaptic plasticity ( Nanotechnology 2013, 24 (38), 382001). Inspired by the unconditioned reflex, multiterminal memristive transistors (memtransistor) were developed to realize complex functions, such as multiterminal modulation and heterosynaptic plasticity ( Nature 2018, 554, (7693), 500-504). Here we combine a hybrid metal halide perovskite with an organic conjugated polymer to form heterojunction transistors that are responsive to both electrical and optical stimuli. We show that the synergistic effects of photoinduced ion migration in the perovskite and electronic transport in the polymer layers can be exploited to realize memristive functions. The device combines reversible, nonvolatile conductance modulation with large switching current ratios, high endurance, and long retention times. Using in situ scanning Kelvin probe microscopy and variable-temperature charge transport measurement, we correlate the collective effects of bias-induced and photoinduced ion migration with the heterosynaptic behavior observed in this hybrid memtransistor. The hybrid heterojunction channel concept is expected to be applicable to other material combinations making it a promising platform for deployment in innovative neuromorphic devices of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ma
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hu Chen
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Yengel
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hendrik Faber
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jafar I Khan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ming-Chun Tang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Kalaivanan Loganathan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weimin Zhang
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Iain McCulloch
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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21
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Out-of-equilibrium processes in crystallization of organic-inorganic perovskites during spin coating. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5624. [PMID: 34561460 PMCID: PMC8463609 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25898-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Complex phenomena are prevalent during the formation of materials, which affect their processing-structure-function relationships. Thin films of methylammonium lead iodide (CH3NH3PbI3, MAPI) are processed by spin coating, antisolvent drop, and annealing of colloidal precursors. The structure and properties of transient and stable phases formed during the process are reported, and the mechanistic insights of the underlying transitions are revealed by combining in situ data from grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Here, we report the detailed insights on the embryonic stages of organic-inorganic perovskite formation. The physicochemical evolution during the conversion proceeds in four steps: i) An instant nucleation of polydisperse MAPI nanocrystals on antisolvent drop, ii) the instantaneous partial conversion of metastable nanocrystals into orthorhombic solvent-complex by cluster coalescence, iii) the thermal decomposition (dissolution) of the stable solvent-complex into plumboiodide fragments upon evaporation of solvent from the complex and iv) the formation (recrystallization) of cubic MAPI crystals in thin film. Complex phenomena are prevalent during the formation of materials, and they affect the processing structure-function relationship. Here the authors elucidate the stochastic transformation processes happening during the spin coating of perovskite colloidal precursors by multimodal characterization.
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22
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Zhang Y, Chen Q, Yang HS, Kim D, Shin I, Lee BR, Kim JH, Moon DK, Kim KH, Park SH. Water-Repellent Perovskites Induced by a Blend of Organic Halide Salts for Efficient and Stable Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33172-33181. [PMID: 34237941 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c09093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous progress in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PeSCs), the long-term stability issue remains a significant challenge for commercialization. In this study, by blending organic halide salts, phenylethylammonium halide (PEAX, X = I, Br), with CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3), we achieved remarkable enhancements in the water-repellency of perovskite films and long-term stability of PeSCs, together with enhanced PCE. The hydrophobic aromatic PEA+ group in PEAX protects the perovskite film from destruction by water. In addition, the smaller halide Br- in PEABr restructures MAPbI3 to form MAPbI3-xBrx during post-annealing, leading to lattice contraction with beneficial crystallization quality. The perovskite films modified by PEAX exhibited excellent water resistance. When the perovskite films were directly immersed in water, no obvious decompositions were observed, even after 60 s. The PEAX-decorated PeSCs exhibited considerable long-term stability. Under high-humidity conditions (60 ± 5%), the PEAX-decorated PeSCs held 80.5% for PEAI and 85.2% for PEABr of their original PCE after exposure for 100 h, whereas the pristine PeSC device lost more than 99% of its initial PCE after exposure for 60 h under the same conditions. Moreover, compared to the pristine device with a PCE of 13.28%, the PEAX-decorated PeSCs exhibited enhanced PCEs of 17.33% for the PEAI device and 17.18% for the PEABr device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, PR China
| | - Hyun-Seock Yang
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Danbi Kim
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Insoo Shin
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Ram Lee
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Kyung Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Kim
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Heum Park
- Department of Physics, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
- Hybrid Interface Materials Global Frontier Research Group, Pusan National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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23
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Altinkaya C, Aydin E, Ugur E, Isikgor FH, Subbiah AS, De Bastiani M, Liu J, Babayigit A, Allen TG, Laquai F, Yildiz A, De Wolf S. Tin Oxide Electron-Selective Layers for Efficient, Stable, and Scalable Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005504. [PMID: 33660306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have become a promising photovoltaic (PV) technology, where the evolution of the electron-selective layers (ESLs), an integral part of any PV device, has played a distinctive role to their progress. To date, the mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2 )/compact TiO2 stack has been among the most used ESLs in state-of-the-art PSCs. However, this material requires high-temperature sintering and may induce hysteresis under operational conditions, raising concerns about its use toward commercialization. Recently, tin oxide (SnO2 ) has emerged as an attractive alternative ESL, thanks to its wide bandgap, high optical transmission, high carrier mobility, suitable band alignment with perovskites, and decent chemical stability. Additionally, its low-temperature processability enables compatibility with temperature-sensitive substrates, and thus flexible devices and tandem solar cells. Here, the notable developments of SnO2 as a perovskite-relevant ESL are reviewed with emphasis placed on the various fabrication methods and interfacial passivation routes toward champion solar cells with high stability. Further, a techno-economic analysis of SnO2 materials for large-scale deployment, together with a processing-toxicology assessment, is presented. Finally, a perspective on how SnO2 materials can be instrumental in successful large-scale module and perovskite-based tandem solar cell manufacturing is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesur Altinkaya
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Erkan Aydin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Esma Ugur
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Furkan H Isikgor
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand S Subbiah
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Michele De Bastiani
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jiang Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aslihan Babayigit
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Hasselt University, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 3590, Belgium
- IMEC vzw. Division IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, Limburg, 3590, Belgium
| | - Thomas G Allen
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Frédéric Laquai
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Yildiz
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, 06010, Turkey
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Schötz K, Panzer F. Using In Situ Optical Spectroscopy to Elucidate Film Formation of Metal Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:2209-2225. [PMID: 33596069 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c10765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The research interest in halide perovskites has gained momentum enormously over the last recent years, also due to the demonstration of high-efficient perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. A prerequisite for such highly efficient devices is to realize high-quality perovskite layers, which requires a deep understanding about the perovskite formation and good process control. In that context, in situ optical spectroscopy during the processing of halide perovskites has become increasingly popular. Even though it is a relatively easily accessible yet powerful tool for studying perovskite formation, there exist some technical and analytical aspects that need to be considered to unfold its full potential. In this Perspective, we give an overview of the latest developments in the field of in situ optical spectroscopy to control and better understand the film processing of halide perovskites. We highlight possibilities and pitfalls regarding the analysis of measured optical data, discuss the development of technical concepts, and address future prospects of optical in situ spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Schötz
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
| | - Fabian Panzer
- Soft Matter Optoelectronics, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth 95440, Germany
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25
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A general approach to high-efficiency perovskite solar cells by any antisolvent. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1878. [PMID: 33767163 PMCID: PMC7994557 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Deposition of perovskite films by antisolvent engineering is a highly common method employed in perovskite photovoltaics research. Herein, we report on a general method that allows for the fabrication of highly efficient perovskite solar cells by any antisolvent via manipulation of the antisolvent application rate. Through detailed structural, compositional, and microstructural characterization of perovskite layers fabricated by 14 different antisolvents, we identify two key factors that influence the quality of the perovskite layer: the solubility of the organic precursors in the antisolvent and its miscibility with the host solvent(s) of the perovskite precursor solution, which combine to produce rate-dependent behavior during the antisolvent application step. Leveraging this, we produce devices with power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) that exceed 21% using a wide range of antisolvents. Moreover, we demonstrate that employing the optimal antisolvent application procedure allows for highly efficient solar cells to be fabricated from a broad range of precursor stoichiometries.
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26
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Abdelsamie M, Li T, Babbe F, Xu J, Han Q, Blum V, Sutter-Fella CM, Mitzi DB, Toney MF. Mechanism of Additive-Assisted Room-Temperature Processing of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:13212-13225. [PMID: 33689282 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have received substantial attention due to their potential for low-cost photovoltaic devices on flexible or rigid substrates. Thiocyanate (SCN)-containing additives, such as MASCN (MA = methylammonium), have been shown to control perovskite film crystallization and the film microstructure to achieve effective room-temperature perovskite absorber processing. Nevertheless, the crystallization pathways and mechanisms of perovskite formation involved in MASCN additive processing are far from clear. Using in situ X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence, we investigate the crystallization pathways of MAPbI3 and reveal the mechanisms of additive-assisted perovskite formation during spin coating and subsequent N2 drying. We confirm that MASCN induces large precursor aggregates in solution and, during spin coating, promotes the formation of the perovskite phase with lower nucleation density and overall larger initial nuclei size, which forms upon reaching supersaturation in solution, in addition to intermediate solvent-complex phases. Finally, during the subsequent N2 drying, MASCN facilitates the dissociation of these precursor aggregates and the solvate phases, leading to further growth of the perovskite crystals. Our results show that the nature of the intermediate phases and their formation/dissociation kinetics determine the nucleation and growth of the perovskite phase, which subsequently impact the film microstructure. These findings provide mechanistic insights underlying room-temperature, additive-assisted perovskite processing and help guide further development of such facile room-temperature synthesis routes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maged Abdelsamie
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park 94025, California, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Tianyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Finn Babbe
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Junwei Xu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park 94025, California, United States
| | - Qiwei Han
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Carolin M Sutter-Fella
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park 94025, California, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
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27
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Zhang S, Tang MC, Nguyen NV, Anthopoulos TD, Hacker CA. Wide-Band-Gap Mixed-Halide 3D Perovskites: Electronic Structure and Halide Segregation Investigation. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2021; 3:10.1021/acsaelm.1c00191. [PMID: 38903952 PMCID: PMC11187822 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.1c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Mixed-halide organolead perovskites (MAPbX 3 ) are of great interest for both single-junction and tandem solar cells because of their wide band gap. In this study, we investigate the family of mixed iodide/bromide (I/Br) and bromide/chloride (Br/Cl) perovskites, revealing the strong influence of halide substitution on electronic properties, morphology, film composition, and phase segregation. A qualitative blue shift with the I → Br → Cl series was observed, with the resulting optical absorption ranging from 420 to 800 nm covering nearly the entire visible region. The ionization potential increases from ≈6.0 to ≈7.0 eV as the halide composition changes from I to Br. However, with Cl components, the valence band position shows little variation, while the conduction band minimum shifts to a lower value with increasing Cl concentration. By collecting XPS spectra as a function of the sputtering depth, we observed halide segregation in both I/Br and Br/Cl mixed-halide perovskite films, where the large halide ion (I in the I/Br mix or Br in the Br/Cl mix) is preferentially found on the surface of the film and the smaller halide ion (Br in the I/Br mix or Cl in the Br/Cl mix) accumulates at the bottom of the film. These differences in the band structure, electronic properties, morphology, and film composition impacted the device performance: a decreased short-circuit current density and increased open-circuit voltage were observed with the I → Br → Cl series. This study highlights the role of halides in the band structure and phase segregation in mixed-halide perovskite solar cells and provides a foundational framework for future optoelectronic applications of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Ming-Chun Tang
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia; Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics & Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Nhan V Nguyen
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), and Physical Science and Engineering Division(PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christina A Hacker
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Yin J, Yuan Y, Ni J, Guan J, Zhou X, Liu Y, Ding Y, Cai H, Zhang J. CH 3NH 3PbBr 3-xI x Quantum Dots Enhance Bulk Crystallization and Interface Charge Transfer for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:48861-48873. [PMID: 33059441 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Obtaining a perovskite light-absorbing layer with good crystallization, low defect concentration, good stability, and well-matched energy levels is critical to obtaining high-efficiency perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, a hybrid PSC with a graded band gap is explored using MAPbBr3 (MA = CH3NH3) and MAPbBr0.9I2.1 quantum dots (QDs) as component cells. We have creatively designed a solar cell device with a double-QD structure [indium tin oxide (ITO)/SnO2/perovskite:MAPbBr3 QDs/MAPbBr0.9I2.1 QDs/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au]. A better crystal film of the perovskite absorption layer can be obtained because the MAPbBr3 QDs are doped in an antisolvent, which induces nucleation and growth in the polycrystalline perovskite. In addition, we expect that digestive ripening occurred in the crystallization, and the oleic acid ligands on the surface of the QDs disintegrate during the doping process and transfer to the surface of the perovskite absorption layer finally; it follows that the hydrophobicity and stability of the perovskite film are greatly enhanced. Moreover, a thin film of MAPbBr0.9I2.1 QDs is introduced between the perovskite absorption layer and the hole layer, acting as an energy-level ladder, which leads to well-matched energy levels, an increase in fill factor (FF), and an enhanced hole transport capability. In particular, the mechanism of the crystallization process involving the effect of oleic acid ligands on the interior and surface of the perovskite film is fully discussed here. The final research results from the PSCs show that both high efficiency and long-term stability are achieved successfully by this design strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Yin
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yujie Yuan
- School of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Film Electronic & Communication Devices, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jian Ni
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jiayi Guan
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yi Ding
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Hongkun Cai
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic Thin Film Devices and Technology of Tianjin, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Engineering Research Center of Thin Film Optoelectronics Technology, Ministry of Education, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
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29
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Zhang S, Tang MC, Fan Y, Li R, Nguyen NV, Zhao K, Anthopoulos TD, Hacker CA. Role of Alkali-Metal Cations in Electronic Structure and Halide Segregation of Hybrid Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34402-34412. [PMID: 32609487 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability to control or prevent phase segregation in perovskites is crucial to realizing stable and tunable mixed-halide optoelectronic devices. In this work, we systematically examine the impact of alkali-metal-cation (Cs+ and K+) concentration on the band structure, chemical composition, phase segregation, and polycrystalline microstructure on formamidinium-dominated mixed-halide mixed-cation perovskite films. It was found that the incorporation of Cs+ and K+ cations decreases the work function and the core levels of all components shift toward higher binding energy consistent with n-doping the perovskite film, which facilitates electron transfer to the electron transport layer TiO2. A concentration-dependent film structure was observed by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering where the halides and cations are distributed evenly across perovskite films at low metallic cation concentration (5%). A high metal-cation ratio (20%) leads to halide segregation within the perovskite film and the surface becomes bromide-poor, whereas the bromide and metal cations diffuse more deeply within the film. These differences in electronic properties, element distribution, and film morphology were reflected in the device performance where the power conversion efficiency of low-metallic-cation concentration (5% of Cs+ and K+) perovskite solar cells is ≈5% higher than the high-concentration ones (20%). This study provides valuable chemical and physical insight into the underlying trade-offs in the careful tuning of electrical properties and film structure to optimize multication and mixed-halide hybrid perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Theiss Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ming-Chun Tang
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics & Maryland NanoCenter, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Yuanyuan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, and Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Nhan V Nguyen
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Kui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, National Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, and Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), and Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christina A Hacker
- Physical Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Liu J, Liu W, Aydin E, Harrison GT, Isikgor FH, Yang X, Subbiah AS, De Wolf S. Lewis-Acid Doping of Triphenylamine-Based Hole Transport Materials Improves the Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:23874-23884. [PMID: 32412735 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c03660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) fabricated in the classic n-i-p configuration generally employ triphenylamine-based hole-transport layers (HTLs) such as spiro-OMeTAD, PTAA, and poly-TPD. Controllable doping of such layers has been critical to achieve increased conductivity and high device performance. To this end, LiTFSI/tBP doping and subsequent air exposure is widely utilized. However, this approach often leads to low device stability and reproducibility. Departing from this point, we introduce the Lewis acid tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (TPFB) as an effective dopant, resulting in a significantly improved conductivity and lowered surface potential for triphenylamine-based HTLs. Here, we specifically investigated spiro-OMeTAD, which is the most widely used HTL for n-i-p devices, and revealed improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the PSCs. Further, we demonstrated the applicability of TPFB doping to other triphenylamine-based HTLs. Spectroscopic characterizations reveal that TPFB doping results in significantly improved charge transport and reduced recombination losses. Importantly, the TPFB-doped perovskite devices retained near 85% of the initial PCE after 1000 h of storage in the air, while the conventional LiTFSI-doped device dropped to 75%. Finally, we give insight into utilizing other similar molecular dopants such as fluorine-free triphenylborane and phosphorus-centered tris(pentafluorophenyl)phosphine (TPFP) by density functional theory analysis underscoring the significance of the central boron atom and fluorination in TPFB for the formation of Lewis acid-base adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wenzhu Liu
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Erkan Aydin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - George T Harrison
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Furkan H Isikgor
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinbo Yang
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand S Subbiah
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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31
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Liu L, Bai Y, Zhang X, Shang Y, Wang C, Wang H, Zhu C, Hu C, Wu J, Zhou H, Li Y, Yang S, Ning Z, Chen Q. Cation Diffusion Guides Hybrid Halide Perovskite Crystallization during the Gel Stage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Yang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Yuequn Shang
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Chenyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jiafeng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringPeking University 100871 Beijing China
| | - Yujing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials ResearchSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
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32
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Chen B, Baek SW, Hou Y, Aydin E, De Bastiani M, Scheffel B, Proppe A, Huang Z, Wei M, Wang YK, Jung EH, Allen TG, Van Kerschaver E, García de Arquer FP, Saidaminov MI, Hoogland S, De Wolf S, Sargent EH. Enhanced optical path and electron diffusion length enable high-efficiency perovskite tandems. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1257. [PMID: 32152324 PMCID: PMC7062737 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15077-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tandem solar cells involving metal-halide perovskite subcells offer routes to power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) that exceed the single-junction limit; however, reported PCE values for tandems have so far lain below their potential due to inefficient photon harvesting. Here we increase the optical path length in perovskite films by preserving smooth morphology while increasing thickness using a method we term boosted solvent extraction. Carrier collection in these films - as made - is limited by an insufficient electron diffusion length; however, we further find that adding a Lewis base reduces the trap density and enhances the electron-diffusion length to 2.3 µm, enabling a 19% PCE for 1.63 eV semi-transparent perovskite cells having an average near-infrared transmittance of 85%. The perovskite top cell combined with solution-processed colloidal quantum dot:organic hybrid bottom cell leads to a PCE of 24%; while coupling the perovskite cell with a silicon bottom cell yields a PCE of 28.2%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Se-Woong Baek
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Yi Hou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Erkan Aydin
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Michele De Bastiani
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Benjamin Scheffel
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Andrew Proppe
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Ziru Huang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Mingyang Wei
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Eui-Hyuk Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Thomas G Allen
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Emmanuel Van Kerschaver
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - F Pelayo García de Arquer
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Makhsud I Saidaminov
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Sjoerd Hoogland
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada
| | - Stefaan De Wolf
- KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Physical Sciences and Engineering Division (PSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edward H Sargent
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A4, Canada.
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33
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Liu L, Bai Y, Zhang X, Shang Y, Wang C, Wang H, Zhu C, Hu C, Wu J, Zhou H, Li Y, Yang S, Ning Z, Chen Q. Cation Diffusion Guides Hybrid Halide Perovskite Crystallization during the Gel Stage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:5979-5987. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lang Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Yang Bai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Yuequn Shang
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Chenyue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Chen Hu
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jiafeng Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Huanping Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringCollege of EngineeringPeking University 100871 Beijing China
| | - Yujing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
| | - Shihe Yang
- Department of ChemistryThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Clear Water Bay Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Nano-Micro Materials ResearchSchool of Chemical Biology and BiotechnologyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate School Shenzhen 518055 China
| | - Zhijun Ning
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 China
| | - Qi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, Experimental Center of Advanced MaterialsSchool of Materials Science & EngineeringBeijing Institute of Technology 100081 Beijing China
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