1
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Lu J, Yang X, Xiao J, Wang Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Zhang Z, Zou Y, Luan Y. DNA-functionalized cryogel based colorimetric biosensor for sensitive on-site detection of aflatoxin B1 in food samples. Talanta 2024; 275:126122. [PMID: 38663063 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel biosensors present numerous advantages in food safety analysis owing to their remarkable biocompatibility, cargo-loading capabilities and optical properties. However, the current drawbacks (slow target responsiveness and poor mechanical strength) restricted their further utilization at on-site detection of targets. To address these challenges, a DNA-functionalized cryogel with hierarchical pore structures is constructed to improve the reaction rate and the robustness of hydrogel biosensor. During cryogel preparation, ice crystals serve as templates, shaping interconnected hierarchical microporous structures to enhance mass transfer for faster responses. Meanwhile, in the non-freezing zone, concentrated monomers create a dense cross-linked network, strengthening cryogel matrix strength. Accordingly, a colorimetric biosensor based on DNA cryogel has been developed as a proof of concept for rapid detection of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in food samples, and an excellent analytical performance was obtained under the optimized conditions with a low detection limit (1 nM), broad detection range (5-100 nM), satisfactory accuracy and precision (recoveries, 81.2-112.6 %; CV, 2.75-5.53 %). Furthermore, by integrating with a smartphone sensing platform, a portable device was created for rapid on-site measurement of target within 45 min, which provided some insight for hydrogel biosensors design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xiao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yue Yu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Yanmin Zou
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Yu Luan
- Zhenjiang Food and Drug Supervision and Inspection Center, Zhenjiang, China.
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2
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Wu X, Teng F, Firlar E, Zhang T, Libera M. Elasto-plastic effects on shape-shifting electron-beam-patterned gel-based micro-helices. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 38712865 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00208c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Shape-shifting helical gels have been created by various routes, notably by photolithography. We explore electron-beam lithography as an alternative to prescribe microhelix formation in tethered patterns of pure poly(acrylic acid). Simulations indicate the nanoscale spatial distribution of deposited energy that drives the loss of acid groups and crosslinking. Upon exposure to buffer, a patterned line converts to a 3D helix whose cross section comprises a crosslinked and hydrophobic core surrounded by a high-swelling pH-responsive corona. Through-thickness asymmetries generate out-of-plane bending to drive helix formation. The relative core and corona fractions are determined by the electron dose which in turn controls the helical radius and pitch. Increasing pH substantially raises the swelling stress and the rod elongates plastically. The pitch concurrently changes from minimal to non-minimal. The in-plane asymmetry driving this change can be attributed to shear-band formation in the hydrophobic core. Subsequent pH cycling drives elastic cycling of the helical properties. These findings illustrate the effects of elastoplastic deformation on helical properties and elaborate unique attributes of electron lithography as an alternate means to create shape-shifting structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpei Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
| | - Feiyue Teng
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
- presently with the Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Emre Firlar
- Rutgers CryoEM & Nanoimaging Facility and Institute for Quantitative Biomedicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- presently with Bristol Myers Squibb, Molecular Structure & Design, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Matthew Libera
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.
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3
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Wang J, Li XY, Qian HL, Wang XW, Wang YX, Ren KF, Ji J. Robust, Sprayable, and Multifunctional Hydrogel Coating through a Polycation Reinforced (PCR) Surface Bridging Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2310216. [PMID: 38237136 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
The sprayable hydrogel coatings that can establish robust adhesion onto diverse materials and devices hold enormous potential; however, a significant challenge persists due to monomer hydration, which impedes even coverage during spraying and induces inadequate adhesion post-gelation. Herein, a polycation-reinforced (PCR) surface bridging strategy is presented to achieve tough and sprayable hydrogel coatings onto diverse materials. The polycations offer superior wettability and instant electrostatic interactions with plasma-treated substrates, facilitating an effective spraying application. This PCR-based hydrogel coatings demonstrate tough adhesion performance to inert PTFE and silicone, including remarkable shear strength (161 ± 49 kPa for PTFE), interfacial toughness (198 ± 27 J m-2 for PTFE), and notable tolerance to cyclic tension (10 000 cycles, 200% strain, silicone). Meanwhile, this method can be applied to various hydrogel formulations, offering diverse functionalities, including underwater adhesion, lubrication, and drug delivery. Furthermore, the PCR concept enables the conformal construction of durable hydrogel coatings onto sophisticated medical devices like cardiovascular stents. Given its simplicity and adaptability, this approach paves an avenue for incorporating hydrogels onto solid surfaces and potentially promotes untapped applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Yi Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Lin Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xing-Wang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - You-Xiang Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Feng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jian Ji
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecule Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, The Second Affiliated Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Rd, Hangzhou, 310009, P. R. China
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4
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McKinley JP, O'Connell GD. Review of state-of-the-art micro and macro-bioreactors for the intervertebral disc. J Biomech 2024; 165:111964. [PMID: 38412621 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.111964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Lower back pain continues to be a global epidemic, limiting quality of life and ability to work, due in large part to symptomatic disc degeneration. Development of more effective and less invasive biological strategies are needed to treat disc degeneration. In vitro models such as macro- or micro-bioreactors or mechanically active organ-chips hold great promise in reducing the need for animal studies that may have limited clinical translatability, due to harsher and more complex mechanical loading environments in human discs than in most animal models. This review highlights the complex loading conditions of the disc in situ, evaluates state-of-the-art designs for applying such complex loads across multiple length scales, from macro-bioreactors that load whole discs to organ-chips that aim to replicate cellular or engineered tissue loading. Emphasis was placed on the rapidly evolving more customizable organ-chips, given their greater potential for studying the progression and treatment of symptomatic disc degeneration. Lastly, this review identifies new trends and challenges for using organ-chips to assess therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P McKinley
- Berkeley BioMechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA.
| | - Grace D O'Connell
- Berkeley BioMechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley 94720, CA, USA.
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5
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Liu H, Wu X, Liu R, Wang W, Zhang D, Jiang Q. Cartilage-on-a-chip with magneto-mechanical transformation for osteoarthritis recruitment. Bioact Mater 2024; 33:61-68. [PMID: 38024232 PMCID: PMC10661690 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent joint disease primarily induced by overstrain, leading to disability and significantly impacting patients' quality of life. However, current OA studies lack an ideal in vitro model, which can recapitulate the high peripheral strain of the joint and precisely model the disease onset process. In this paper, we propose a novel cartilage-on-a-chip platform that incorporates a biohybrid hydrogel comprising Neodymium (NdFeB)/Poly-GelMA-HAMA remote magneto-control hydrogel film. This platform facilitates chondrocyte culture and stress loading, enabling the investigation of chondrocytes under various stress stimuli. The Neodymium (NdFeB)/Poly-GelMA-HAMA hydrogel film exhibits magneto-responsive shape-transition behavior, further dragging the chondrocytes cultured in hydrogels under magnetic stimulation. It was investigated that inflammation-related genes and proteins in chondrocytes are changed with mechanical stress stimulation in the cartilage-on-a-chip. Especially, MMP-13 and the proportion of collagen secretion are upregulated, showing a phenotype similar to that of real human osteoarthritis. Therefore, we believed that this cartilage-on-a-chip platform provides a desired in vitro model for osteoarthritis, which is of great significance in disease research and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiangyi Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dagan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Sports Medicine and Adult Reconstructive Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, China
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6
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Petelinšek N, Mommer S. Tough Hydrogels for Load-Bearing Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307404. [PMID: 38225751 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Tough hydrogels have emerged as a promising class of materials to target load-bearing applications, where the material has to resist multiple cycles of extreme mechanical impact. A variety of chemical interactions and network architectures are used to enhance the mechanical properties and fracture mechanics of hydrogels making them stiffer and tougher. In recent years, the mechanical properties of tough, high-performance hydrogels have been benchmarked, however, this is often incomplete as important variables like water content are largely ignored. In this review, the aim is to clarify the reported mechanical properties of state-of-the-art tough hydrogels by providing a comprehensive library of fracture and mechanical property data. First, common methods for mechanical characterization of such high-performance hydrogels are introduced. Then, various modes of energy dissipation to obtain tough hydrogels are discussed and used to categorize the individual datasets helping to asses the material's (fracture) mechanical properties. Finally, current applications are considered, tough high-performance hydrogels are compared with existing materials, and promising future opportunities are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nika Petelinšek
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Mommer
- Macromolecular Engineering Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, Sonneggstrasse 3, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
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7
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Fu H, Cao N, Zeng W, Liao M, Yao S, Zhou J, Zhang W. Pumping Small Molecules Selectively through an Energy-Assisted Assembling Process at Nonequilibrium States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3323-3330. [PMID: 38273768 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In living organisms, precise control over the spatial and temporal distribution of molecules, including pheromones, is crucial. This level of control is equally important for the development of artificial active materials. In this study, we successfully controlled the distribution of small molecules in the system at nonequilibrium states by actively transporting them, even against the apparent concentration gradient, with high selectivity. As a demonstration, in the aqueous solution of acid orange (AO7) and TMC10COOH, we found that AO7 molecules can coassemble with transient anhydride (TMC10CO)2O to form larger assemblies in the presence of chemical fuel 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). This led to a decrease in local free AO7 concentration and caused AO7 molecules from other locations in the solution to move toward the assemblies. Consequently, AO7 accumulates at the location where EDC was injected. By continuously injecting EDC, we could maintain a stable high value of the apparent AO7 concentration at the injection point. We also observed that this process which operated at nonequilibrium states exhibited high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Fu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Nengjie Cao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zeng
- National Centre for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Min Liao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Yao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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8
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Li T, Qi H, Zhao Y, Kumar P, Zhao C, Li Z, Dong X, Guo X, Zhao M, Li X, Wang X, Ritchie RO, Zhai W. Robust and sensitive conductive nanocomposite hydrogel with bridge cross-linking-dominated hierarchical structural design. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadk6643. [PMID: 38306426 PMCID: PMC10836727 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adk6643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have a remarkable potential for applications in soft electronics and robotics, owing to their noteworthy attributes, including electrical conductivity, stretchability, biocompatibility, etc. However, the limited strength and toughness of these hydrogels have traditionally impeded their practical implementation. Inspired by the hierarchical architecture of high-performance biological composites found in nature, we successfully fabricate a robust and sensitive conductive nanocomposite hydrogel through self-assembly-induced bridge cross-linking of MgB2 nanosheets and polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels. By combining the hierarchical lamellar microstructure with robust molecular B─O─C covalent bonds, the resulting conductive hydrogel exhibits an exceptional strength and toughness. Moreover, the hydrogel demonstrates exceptional sensitivity (response/relaxation time, 20 milliseconds; detection lower limit, ~1 Pascal) under external deformation. Such characteristics enable the conductive hydrogel to exhibit superior performance in soft sensing applications. This study introduces a high-performance conductive hydrogel and opens up exciting possibilities for the development of soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Haobo Qi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Yijing Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Punit Kumar
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Cancan Zhao
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Zhenming Li
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xiao Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Miao Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xinwei Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
| | - Xudong Wang
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Robert O Ritchie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wei Zhai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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9
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Hamidinejad M, Wang H, Sanders KA, De Volder M. Electrochemically Responsive 3D Nanoarchitectures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304517. [PMID: 37702306 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Responsive nanomaterials are being developed to create new unique functionalities such as switchable colors and adhesive properties or other programmable features in response to external stimuli. While many existing examples rely on changes in temperature, humidity, or pH, this study aims to explore an alternative approach relying on simple electric input signals. More specifically, 3D electrochromic architected microstructures are developed using carbon nanotube-Tin (Sn) composites that can be reconfigured by lithiating Sn with low power electric input (≈50 nanowatts). These microstructures have a continuous, regulated, and non-volatile actuation determined by the extent of the electrochemical lithiation process. In addition, this proposed fabrication process relies only on batch lithographic techniques, enabling the parallel production of thousands of 3D microstructures. Structures with a 30-97% change in open-end area upon actuation are demonstrated and the importance of geometric factors in the response and structural integrity of 3D architected microstructures during electrochemical actuation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Hamidinejad
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G1H9, Canada
| | - Heng Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Kate A Sanders
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Michael De Volder
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
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10
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Rajasooriya T, Ogasawara H, Dong Y, Mancuso JN, Salaita K. Force-Triggered Self-Destructive Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305544. [PMID: 37724392 PMCID: PMC10764057 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-destructive polymers (SDPs) are defined as a class of smart polymers that autonomously degrade upon experiencing an external trigger, such as a chemical cue or optical excitation. Because SDPs release the materials trapped inside the network upon degradation, they have potential applications in drug delivery and analytical sensing. However, no known SDPs that respond to external mechanical forces have been reported, as it is fundamentally challenging to create mechano-sensitivity in general and especially so for force levels below those required for classical force-induced bond scission. To address this challenge, the development of force-triggered SDPs composed of DNA crosslinked hydrogels doped with nucleases is described here. Externally applied piconewton forces selectively expose enzymatic cleavage sites within the DNA crosslinks, resulting in rapid polymer self-degradation. The synthesis and the chemical and mechanical characterization of DNA crosslinked hydrogels, as well as the kinetics of force-triggered hydrolysis, are described. As a proof-of-concept, force-triggered and time-dependent rheological changes in the polymer as well as encapsulated nanoparticle release are demonstrated. Finally, that the kinetics of self-destruction are shown to be tuned as a function of nuclease concentration, incubation time, and thermodynamic stability of DNA crosslinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yixiao Dong
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | | | - Khalid Salaita
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
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11
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Kim J, Choi YS, Park G, Kim M, Myung JS, Choi WJ, Park SM, Yoon DK. On-Demand Aligned DNA Hydrogel Via Light Scanning. ACS NANO 2023; 17:22778-22787. [PMID: 37947399 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
DNA is an anisotropic, water-attracting, and biocompatible material, an ideal building block for hydrogel. The alignment of the anisotropic DNA chains is essential to maximize hydrogel properties, which has been little explored. Here, we present a method to fabricate the anisotropic DNA hydrogel that allows precise control for the polymerization process of photoreactive cationic monomers. Scanning ultraviolet light enables the uniaxial alignment of DNA chains through the polymerization-induced diffusive mass flow using a concentration gradient. While studying anisotropic mechanical properties and orientation recovery according to the DNA chain alignment direction, we demonstrate the potential of directionally controlled DNA hydrogels as smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juri Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Seok Choi
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos 87545, New Mexico, USA
| | - Geonhyeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingeun Kim
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Suk Myung
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Choi
- Chemical Materials Solutions Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Mo Park
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca 14853, New York, USA
| | - Dong Ki Yoon
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Nanoscience and Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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12
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Fern J, Shi R, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Gracias DH, Schulman R. Swelling characteristics of DNA polymerization gels. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:6525-6534. [PMID: 37589045 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00321c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of biomolecular stimuli-responsive hydrogels is important for biomimetic structures, soft robots, tissue engineering, and drug delivery. DNA polymerization gels are a new class of soft materials composed of polymer gel backbones with DNA duplex crosslinks that can be swollen by sequential strand displacement using hairpin-shaped DNA strands. The extensive swelling can be tuned using physical parameters such as salt concentration and biomolecule design. Previously, DNA polymerization gels have been used to create shape-changing gel automata with a large design space and high programmability. Here we systematically investigate how the swelling response of DNA polymerization gels can be tuned by adjusting the design and concentration of DNA crosslinks in the hydrogels or DNA hairpin triggers, and the ionic strength of the solution in which swelling takes place. We also explore the effect hydrogel size and shape have on the swelling response. Tuning these variables can alter the swelling rate and extent across a broad range and provide a quantitative connection between biochemical reactions and macroscopic material behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Fern
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Ruohong Shi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - Yan Xiong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Center for MicroPhysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Rebecca Schulman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA.
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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13
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Merotto E, Pavan PG, Piccoli M. Three-Dimensional Bioprinting of Naturally Derived Hydrogels for the Production of Biomimetic Living Tissues: Benefits and Challenges. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1742. [PMID: 37371837 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11061742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional bioprinting is the process of manipulating cell-laden bioinks to fabricate living structures. Three-dimensional bioprinting techniques have brought considerable innovation in biomedicine, especially in the field of tissue engineering, allowing the production of 3D organ and tissue models for in vivo transplantation purposes or for in-depth and precise in vitro analyses. Naturally derived hydrogels, especially those obtained from the decellularization of biological tissues, are promising bioinks for 3D printing purposes, as they present the best biocompatibility characteristics. Despite this, many natural hydrogels do not possess the necessary mechanical properties to allow a simple and immediate application in the 3D printing process. In this review, we focus on the bioactive and mechanical characteristics that natural hydrogels may possess to allow efficient production of organs and tissues for biomedical applications, emphasizing the reinforcement techniques to improve their biomechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Merotto
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Statu Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6a, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Piero G Pavan
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Statu Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via Gradenigo 6a, 35129 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Piccoli
- Tissue Engineering Lab, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica Città della Speranza, Corso Statu Uniti 4, 35127 Padova, Italy
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14
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Ha JH, Lim JH, Lee JM, Chung BG. Electro-Responsive Conductive Blended Hydrogel Patch. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2608. [PMID: 37376253 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The proposed electro-responsive hydrogel has great benefit for transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) applications. To improve the physical or chemical properties of hydrogels, a number of researchers have previously studied the mixing efficiencies of the blended hydrogels. However, few studies have focused on improving the electrical conductivity and drug delivery of the hydrogels. We developed a conductive blended hydrogel by mixing alginate with gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) and silver nanowire (AgNW). We demonstrated that and the tensile strength of blended hydrogels were increased by a factor of 1.8 by blending GelMA and the electrical conductivity was enhanced by a factor of 18 by the addition of AgNW. Furthermore, the GelMA-alginate-AgNW (Gel-Alg-AgNW) blended hydrogel patch enabled on-off controllable drug release, indicating 57% doxorubicin release in response to electrical stimulation (ES) application. Therefore, this electro-responsive blended hydrogel patch could be useful for smart drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Ho Ha
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Lim
- Research Center, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Division of Chemical Industry, Yeungnam University College, Daegu 42415, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Smart Biosensor, Sogang University, Seoul 04107, Republic of Korea
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15
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Peng S, Cao X, Sun Y, Chen L, Ma C, Yang L, Zhao H, Liu Q, Liu Z, Ma C. Polyurethane Shape Memory Polymer/pH-Responsive Hydrogel Hybrid for Bi-Function Synergistic Actuations. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050428. [PMID: 37233019 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive actuating hydrogels response to the external stimulus with complex deformation behaviors based on the programmable anisotropic structure design are one of the most important smart soft materials, which have great potential applications in artificial muscles, smart values, and mini-robots. However, the anisotropic structure of one actuating hydrogel can only be programmed one time, which can only provide single actuating performance, and subsequently, has severely limited their further applications. Herein, we have explored a novel SMP/hydrogel hybrid actuator through combining polyurethane shape memory polymer (PU SMP) layer and pH-responsive polyacrylic-acid (PAA) hydrogel layer by a napkin with UV-adhesive. Owing to both the super-hydrophilicity and super-lipophilicity of the cellulose-fiber based napkin, the SMP and the hydrogel can be bonded firmly by the UV-adhesive in the napkin. More importantly, this bilayer hybrid 2D sheet can be programmed by designing a different temporary shape in heat water which can be fixed easily in cool water to achieve various fixed shapes. This hybrid with a fixed temporary shape can achieve complex actuating performance based on the bi-functional synergy of temperature-triggered SMP and pH-responsive hydrogel. The relatively high modulus PU SMP achieved high to 87.19% and 88.92% shape-fixing ratio, respectively, correspond to bending and folding shapes. The hybrid actuator can actuate with the 25.71 °/min actuating speed. Most importantly, one SMP/hydrogel bi-layer hybrid sheet was repeatedly programmed at least nine times in our research to fix various temporary 1D, 2D and 3D shapes, including bending, folding and spiraling shapes. As a result, only one SMP/hydrogel hybrid can provide various complex stimuli-responsive actuations, including the reversable bending-straightening, spiraling-unspiraling. A few of the intelligent devices have been designed to simulate the movement of the natural organisms, such as bio-mimetic "paw", "pangolin" and "octopus". This work has developed a new SMP/hydrogel hybrid with excellent multi-repeatable (≥9 times) programmability for high-level complex actuations, including the 1D to 2D bending and the 2D to 3D spiraling actuations, which also provides a new strategy to design other new soft intelligent materials and systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Xingyu Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hongliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Safe Evaluation and Research of Degradable Material for State Market Regulation, Products Quality Supervision and Testing Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
| | - Qijie Liu
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Zhenzhong Liu
- Taizhou Key Laboratory of Medical Devices and Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Zhejiang University-Taizhou, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Chunxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of Quality Safe Evaluation and Research of Degradable Material for State Market Regulation, Products Quality Supervision and Testing Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
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16
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Wei X, Wu Q, Chen L, Sun Y, Chen L, Zhang C, Li S, Ma C, Jiang S. Remotely Controlled Light/Electric/Magnetic Multiresponsive Hydrogel for Fast Actuations. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10030-10043. [PMID: 36779704 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a kind of soft smart material, hydrogel actuators have extensive development prospects, but it is still difficult for these actuators to integrate multiresponsiveness, multiple remote actuation, high strength, fast responsiveness, and programmable complex deformation. Herein, we have explored an anisotropic bilayer hydrogel actuator with an Fe3O4/co-poly(isopropylacrylamide-4-benzoylphenyl acrylate) [Fe3O4/P(NIPAM-ABP)] active layer and an isotropic conductive adhesive (ICAs) passive layer based on the layer-by-layer method. Benefiting from the fibrosis and porosity of the Fe3O4/P(NIPAM-ABP) hydrogel, the ICAs-Fe3O4/P(NIPAM-ABP) hydrogel actuator has excellent mechanical strength (tensile strength of 3.1 ± 0.3 MPa) and response speed (temperature (45 °C): bending speed of 2400.3°/s; near-infrared (NIR) light: bending speed of 356.4°/s; electricity (2 V): bending speed of 180°/s; water (10 °C): recovery speed of 30.0°/s). In addition, the good photothermal properties and magnetic conductivity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles provide precise remotely controllable light- and magnetic-actuated properties for the hydrogel actuator. The Ag microsheets with excellent conductivity (1.4 × 104 S/cm) provide remotely controllable electrical-actuated property for the hydrogel actuator. Combined with the responsiveness of P(NIPAM-ABP), the actuator can achieve short-range actuation including temperature-, ethanol-, and salt-responses. More importantly, it can achieve remote actuation including light, electrical, and magnetic responses. Finally, the Fe3O4/P(NIPAM-ABP) fibers can provide excellent anisotropic structures for the actuator to achieve precise deformational programmability. Inspired by some phenomena in nature, several actuating devices with the above characteristics have been successfully developed. This study can provide a general method for multifunctional anisotropic hydrogel actuators and will provide a new strategy for exploring smart materials suitable for complex bioinspired systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianshuo Wei
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Qijun Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Lian Chen
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Ye Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Institute of Materials Science and Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610000, China
| | - Chunxin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Key Laboratory of quality safe evaluation and research of degradable material for State Market Regulation, Products Quality Supervision and Testing Institute of Hainan Province, Haikou 570203, China
| | - Shaohua Jiang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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17
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Du X, He PP, Wang C, Wang X, Mu Y, Guo W. Fast Transport and Transformation of Biomacromolecular Substances via Thermo-Stimulated Active "Inhalation-Exhalation" Cycles of Hierarchically Structured Smart pNIPAM-DNA Hydrogels. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2206302. [PMID: 36268982 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Although smart hydrogels hold great promise in biosensing and biomedical applications, their response to external stimuli is governed by the passive diffusion-dependent substance transport between hydrogels and environments and within the 3D hydrogel matrices, resulting in slow response to biomacromolecules and limiting their extensive applications. Herein, inspired by the respiration systems of organisms, an active strategy to achieve highly efficient biomolecular substance transport through the thermo-stimulated "inhalation-exhalation" cycles of hydrogel matrices is demonstrated. The cryo-structured poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAM)-DNA hydrogels, composed of functional DNA-tethered pNIPAM networks and free-water-containing macroporous channels, exhibit thermally triggered fast and reversible shrinking/swelling cycles with high-volume changes, which drive the formation of dynamic water stream to accelerate the intake of external substances and expelling of endogenous substances, thus promoting the functional properties of hydrogel systems. Demonstrated by catalytic DNAzyme and CRISPR-Cas12a-incorporating hydrogels, significantly enhanced catalytic efficiency with up to 280% and 390% is achieved, upon the introduction of active "inhalation-exhalation" cycles, respectively. Moreover, remotely near-infrared (NIR)-triggering of "inhalation-exhalation" cycles is achieved after the introduction of NIR-responsive MXene nanosheets into the hydrogel matrix. These hydrogel systems with enhanced substance transport and transformation properties hold promise in the development of more effective biosensing and therapeutic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Du
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Ping-Ping He
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Yali Mu
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Guo
- Research Center for Analytical Sciences, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, P. R. China
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18
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Wang H, Song X, Xiong J, Cheang UK. Fabrication of Bilayer Magnetically Actuated L-Shaped Microrobot Based on Chitosan via Photolithography. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14245509. [PMID: 36559876 PMCID: PMC9784805 DOI: 10.3390/polym14245509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetically actuated microrobots showed increasing potential in various fields, especially in the biomedical area, such as invasive surgery, targeted cargo delivery, and treatment. However, it remains a challenge to incorporate biocompatible natural polymers that are favorable for practical biomedical applications. In this work, bilayer magnetic microrobots with an achiral planar design were fabricated using a biocompatible natural polymer and Fe3O4 nanoparticles through the photolithography by applying the layer-by-layer method. The microrobots consisted of a magnetic bottom layer and a photo-crosslinked chitosan top layer. The SEM results showed that the microrobot processed the L-shaped planar structure with the average width, length, and thickness of 99.18 ± 5.11 μm, 189.56 ± 11.37 μm, and 23.56 ± 4.08 μm, respectively. Moreover, microrobots actuated using a three-dimensional (3D) Helmholtz coil system was characterized and reached up to an average maximum velocity of 325.30 μm/s and a step-out frequency of 14 Hz. Furthermore, the microrobots exhibited excellent cell biocompatibility towards L929 cells in the CCK-8 assay. Therefore, the development of bi-layered chitosan-based microrobots offers a general solution for using magnetic microrobots in biomedical applications by providing an easy-to-fabricate, highly mobile microrobotic platform with the incorporation of biocompatible natural polymers for enhanced biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoying Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (U.K.C.)
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Junfeng Xiong
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - U Kei Cheang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Human-Augmentation and Rehabilitation Robotics in Universities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (H.W.); (U.K.C.)
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19
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Chen XC, Zhang H, Liu SH, Zhou Y, Jiang L. Engineering Polymeric Nanofluidic Membranes for Efficient Ionic Transport: Biomimetic Design, Material Construction, and Advanced Functionalities. ACS NANO 2022; 16:17613-17640. [PMID: 36322865 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c07641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Design elements extracted from biological ion channels guide the engineering of artificial nanofluidic membranes for efficient ionic transport and spawn biomimetic devices with great potential in many cutting-edge areas. In this context, polymeric nanofluidic membranes can be especially attractive because of their inherent flexibility and benign processability, which facilitate massive fabrication and facile device integration for large-scale applications. Herein, the state-of-the-art achievements of polymeric nanofluidic membranes are systematically summarized. Theoretical fundamentals underlying both biological and synthetic ion channels are introduced. The advances of engineering polymeric nanofluidic membranes are then detailed from aspects of structural design, material construction, and chemical functionalization, emphasizing their broad chemical and reticular/topological variety as well as considerable property tunability. After that, this Review expands on examples of evolving these polymeric membranes into macroscopic devices and their potentials in addressing compelling issues in energy conversion and storage systems where efficient ion transport is highly desirable. Finally, a brief outlook on possible future developments in this field is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hua Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou310018, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-inspired Materials and Interfacial Science, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100190, P. R. China
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20
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Rapid formation of uniformly layered materials by coupling reaction-diffusion processes with mechanical responsiveness. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123156119. [PMID: 36122212 PMCID: PMC9522343 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123156119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Straightforward manufacturing pathways toward large-scale, uniformly layered composites may enable the next generation of materials with advanced optical, thermal, and mechanical properties. Reaction-diffusion systems are attractive candidates to this aim, but while layered composites theoretically could spontaneously arise from reaction-diffusion, in practice randomly oriented patches separated by defects form, yielding nonuniformly patterned materials. A propagating reaction front can prevent such nonuniform patterning, as is the case for Liesegang processes, in which diffusion drives a reaction front to produce layered precipitation patterns. However, while diffusion is crucial to control patterning, it slows down transport of reactants to the front and results in a steady increase of the band spacing as the front advances. Here, we circumvent these diffusive limitations by embedding the Liesegang process in mechanically responsive hydrogels. The coupling between a moving reaction front and hydrogel contraction induces the formation of a self-regulated transport channel that ballistically carries reactants toward the area where patterning occurs. This ensures rapid and uniform patterning. Specifically, large-scale ([Formula: see text]5-cm) uniform banding patterns are produced with tunable band distance (d = 60 to 160 µm) of silver dichromate crystals inside responsive gelatin-alginate hydrogels. The generality and applicability of our mechanoreaction-diffusion strategy are demonstrated by forming patterns of precipitates in significantly smaller microscopic banding patterns (d = 10 to 30 µm) that act as self-organized diffraction gratings. By circumventing the inherent limitations of diffusion, our strategy unlocks the potential of reaction-diffusion processes for the manufacturing of uniformly layered materials.
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21
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Nie Z, Kwak JW, Han M, Rogers JA. Mechanically Active Materials and Devices for Bio-Interfaced Pressure Sensors-A Review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022:e2205609. [PMID: 35951770 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Pressures generated by external forces or by internal body processes represent parameters of critical importance in diagnosing physiological health and in anticipating injuries. Examples span intracranial hypertension from traumatic brain injuries, high blood pressure from poor diet, pressure-induced skin ulcers from immobility, and edema from congestive heart failure. Pressures measured on the soft surfaces of vital organs or within internal cavities of the body can provide essential insights into patient status and progression. Challenges lie in the development of high-performance pressure sensors that can softly interface with biological tissues to enable safe monitoring for extended periods of time. This review focuses on recent advances in mechanically active materials and structural designs for classes of soft pressure sensors that have proven uses in these contexts. The discussions include applications of such sensors as implantable and wearable systems, with various unique capabilities in wireless continuous monitoring, minimally invasive deployment, natural degradation in biofluids, and/or multiplexed spatiotemporal mapping. A concluding section summarizes challenges and future opportunities for this growing field of materials and biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Nie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jean Won Kwak
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Mengdi Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Neurological Surgery, Chemistry, and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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22
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Li Z, Li G, Xu J, Li C, Han S, Zhang C, Wu P, Lin Y, Wang C, Zhang J, Li X. Hydrogel Transformed from Nanoparticles for Prevention of Tissue Injury and Treatment of Inflammatory Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2109178. [PMID: 35195940 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202109178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Functional hydrogels responsive to physiological and pathological signals have extensive biomedical applications owing to their multiple advanced attributes. Herein, engineering of functional hydrogels is reported via transformable nanoparticles in response to the physiologically and pathologically acidic microenvironment. These nanoparticles are assembled by a multivalent hydrophobic, pH-responsive cyclodextrin host material and a multivalent hydrophilic guest macromolecule. Driven by protons, the pH-responsive host-guest nanoparticles can be transformed into hydrogel, resulting from proton-triggered hydrolysis of the host material, generation of a hydrophilic multivalent host compound, and simultaneously enhanced inclusion interactions between host and guest molecules. By in situ forming a hydrogel barrier, the orally delivered transformable nanoparticles protect mice from ethanol- or drug-induced gastric injury. In addition, this type of nanoparticles can serve as responsive and transformable nanovehicles for therapeutic agents to achieve triggerable and sustained drug delivery, thereby effectively treating typical inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis and arthritis in rats. With combined advantages of nanoparticles and hydrogels, together with their good in vivo safety, the engineered transformable nanoparticles hold great promise in tissue injury protection and site-specific/local delivery of molecular and cellular therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Xu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Songling Han
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Chunfan Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Technology, Hanzhong Vocational and Technical College, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 723000, P. R. China
| | - Yongyao Lin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Chenping Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burn and Combined Injury, Institute of Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, P. R. China
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Kavand H, Nasiri R, Herland A. Advanced Materials and Sensors for Microphysiological Systems: Focus on Electronic and Electrooptical Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107876. [PMID: 34913206 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Advanced in vitro cell culture systems or microphysiological systems (MPSs), including microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (OoC), are breakthrough technologies in biomedicine. These systems recapitulate features of human tissues outside of the body. They are increasingly being used to study the functionality of different organs for applications such as drug evolutions, disease modeling, and precision medicine. Currently, developers and endpoint users of these in vitro models promote how they can replace animal models or even be a better ethically neutral and humanized alternative to study pathology, physiology, and pharmacology. Although reported models show a remarkable physiological structure and function compared to the conventional 2D cell culture, they are almost exclusively based on standard passive polymers or glass with none or minimal real-time stimuli and readout capacity. The next technology leap in reproducing in vivo-like functionality and real-time monitoring of tissue function could be realized with advanced functional materials and devices. This review describes the currently reported electronic and optical advanced materials for sensing and stimulation of MPS models. In addition, an overview of multi-sensing for Body-on-Chip platforms is given. Finally, one gives the perspective on how advanced functional materials could be integrated into in vitro systems to precisely mimic human physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Kavand
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
| | - Rohollah Nasiri
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9/B8, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
| | - Anna Herland
- Division of Micro- and Nanosystems, Department of Intelligent Systems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Malvinas Väg 10 pl 5, Stockholm, 100 44, Sweden
- AIMES, Center for the Advancement of Integrated Medical and Engineering Sciences, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Solnavägen 9/B8, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
- Division of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Protein Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Tomtebodavägen 23a, Solna, 171 65, Sweden
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Wang Y, Chen Z, Li N, Zhang H, Wei J. Programmable photo-responsive self-healing hydrogels for optical information coding and encryption. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yamakado T, Saito S. Ratiometric Flapping Force Probe That Works in Polymer Gels. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2804-2815. [PMID: 35108003 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Polymer gels have recently attracted attention for their application in flexible devices, where mechanically robust gels are required. While there are many strategies to produce tough gels by suppressing nanoscale stress concentration on specific polymer chains, it is still challenging to directly verify the toughening mechanism at the molecular level. To solve this problem, the use of the flapping molecular force probe (FLAP) is promising because it can evaluate the nanoscale forces transmitted in the polymer chain network by ratiometric analysis of a stress-dependent dual fluorescence. A flexible conformational change of FLAP enables real-time and reversible responses to the nanoscale forces at the low force threshold, which is suitable for quantifying the percentage of the stressed polymer chains before structural damage. However, the previously reported FLAP only showed a negligible response in solvated environments because undesirable spontaneous planarization occurs in the excited state, even without mechanical force. Here, we have developed a new ratiometric force probe that functions in common organogels. Replacement of the anthraceneimide units in the flapping wings with pyreneimide units largely suppresses the excited-state planarization, leading to the force probe function under wet conditions. The FLAP-doped polyurethane organogel reversibly shows a dual-fluorescence response under sub-MPa compression. Moreover, the structurally modified FLAP is also advantageous in the wide dynamic range of its fluorescence response in solvent-free elastomers, enabling clearer ratiometric fluorescence imaging of the molecular-level stress concentration during crack growth in a stretched polyurethane film.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yamakado
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shohei Saito
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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