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Zhu Z, Lu L, Li C, Xiao Q, Wu T, Tang J, Gu Y, Bao K, Zhang Y, Jiang L, Liu Y, Zhang W, Zhou S, Qin W. GIWAXS experimental methods at the NFPS-BL17B beamline at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2024; 31:968-978. [PMID: 38917022 PMCID: PMC11226147 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577524004764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The BL17B beamline at the Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility was first designed as a versatile high-throughput protein crystallography beamline and one of five beamlines affiliated to the National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai. It was officially opened to users in July 2015. As a bending magnet beamline, BL17B has the advantages of high photon flux, brightness, energy resolution and continuous adjustable energy between 5 and 23 keV. The experimental station excels in crystal screening and structure determination, providing cost-effective routine experimental services to numerous users. Given the interdisciplinary and green energy research demands, BL17B beamline has undergone optimization, expanded its range of experimental methods and enhanced sample environments for a more user-friendly testing mode. These methods include single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder crystal X-ray diffraction, wide-angle X-ray scattering, grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), and fully scattered atom pair distribution function analysis, covering structure detection from crystalline to amorphous states. This paper primarily presents the performance of the BL17B beamline and the application of the GIWAXS methodology at the beamline in the field of perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Zhu
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Lanlu Lu
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Chunyu Li
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Qingjie Xiao
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Tingting Wu
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Jianchao Tang
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yijun Gu
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Kangwen Bao
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yupu Zhang
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Luozhen Jiang
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Weizhe Zhang
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Shuyu Zhou
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Wenming Qin
- National Facility for Protein Science in ShanghaiShanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of SciencesPudong DistrictPeople’s Republic of China
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Paleti SHK, Kim Y, Kimpel J, Craighero M, Haraguchi S, Müller C. Impact of doping on the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1702-1729. [PMID: 38265833 PMCID: PMC10876084 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers exhibit a unique portfolio of electrical and electrochemical behavior, which - paired with the mechanical properties that are typical for macromolecules - make them intriguing candidates for a wide range of application areas from wearable electronics to bioelectronics. However, the degree of oxidation or reduction of the polymer can strongly impact the mechanical response and thus must be considered when designing flexible or stretchable devices. This tutorial review first explores how the chain architecture, processing as well as the resulting nano- and microstructure impact the rheological and mechanical properties. In addition, different methods for the mechanical characterization of thin films and bulk materials such as fibers are summarized. Then, the review discusses how chemical and electrochemical doping alter the mechanical properties in terms of stiffness and ductility. Finally, the mechanical response of (doped) conjugated polymers is discussed in the context of (1) organic photovoltaics, representing thin-film devices with a relatively low charge-carrier density, (2) organic thermoelectrics, where chemical doping is used to realize thin films or bulk materials with a high doping level, and (3) organic electrochemical transistors, where electrochemical doping allows high charge-carrier densities to be reached, albeit accompanied by significant swelling. In the future, chemical and electrochemical doping may not only allow modulation and optimization of the electrical and electrochemical behavior of conjugated polymers, but also facilitate the design of materials with a tunable mechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harish Kumar Paleti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joost Kimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mariavittoria Craighero
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shuichi Haraguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Ji Y, Liu S, Song S, Xing L, Kang T, Zhang B, Li H, Chen W, Li Z, Zhong Z, Xu G, Su F. High-Index Faceted Cu 2 O@CuO Mesocrystals Act as Efficient Catalyst for Si Hydrochlorination to Trichlorosilane. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305715. [PMID: 37788910 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesocrystals (MCs) with high-index facets may have superior catalytic properties to those with low-index facets and their nanocrystal counterparts. However, synthesizing such mesocrystal materials is still very challenging because of the metastability of MCs and energetic high-index crystal facets. This work reports a successful solvothermal method followed by calcination for synthesizing copper oxide-based MCs possessing a core-shell structure (denoted as Cu2 O@CuO HIMCs). Furthermore, these MCs are predominantly bounded by the high-index facets such as {311} or {312} with a high-density of stepped atoms. When used as catalysts in Si hydrochlorination to produce trichlorosilane (TCS, the primary feedstock of high-purity crystalline Si), Cu2 O@CuO HIMCs exhibit significantly enhanced Si conversion and TCS selectivity compared to those with flat surfaces and their nanostructured counterparts. Theoretical calculations reveal that both the core-shell structure and the high-index surface contribute to the increased electron density of Cu sites in Cu2 O@CuO HIMCs, promoting the adsorption and dissociation of HCl and stabilizing the dissociated Cl* intermediate. This work provides a simple method for synthesizing high-index faceted MCs and offers a feasible strategy to enhance the catalytic performance of MCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Ji
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Shaomian Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde, 067000, China
| | - Shaojia Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Liwen Xing
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Huifang Li
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing, 102249, China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, China
- Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa, 32000, Israel
| | - Guangwen Xu
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Fabing Su
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
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Aldaghri O, Alsadig A, Idriss H, Ali MKM, Ibrahem MA, Ibnaouf KH. Exploring the photodynamic profile of laser-generated exciplex from a conjugated polymer. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 300:122929. [PMID: 37267834 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the impact of the concentration on the spectral and amplified spontaneous emission spectra (ASE) of a conducting polymer of poly(2,5-di(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy) cyanoterephthalylidene) (PDDCP) in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The findings demonstrate that the absorption spectra exhibited two peaks at 330 and 445 nm across the concentration range (1-100 µg/mL). Irrespective of the optical density, altering the concentrations did not affect the absorption spectrum. Also, the analysis indicated that the polymer did not agglomerate in the ground state for any of the concentrations mentioned. However, changes in the polymer had a substantial effect on its photoluminescence spectrum (PL), likely due to the formation of exciplexes and excimers. Also, the energy band gap also varied as a function of concentration. At a certain concentration (25 µg/mL) and pump pulse energy (3 mJ), PDDCP produced a superradiant ASE peak at 565 nm with a remarkably narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM). These findings can provide insight into the optical characteristics of PDDCP, which may have potential applications in the fabrication of tunable solid-state laser rods, Schottky diodes, and solar cell applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Aldaghri
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Physics Department, P.O. Box 13318, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Alsadig
- CNR NANOTEC Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Hajo Idriss
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Physics Department, P.O. Box 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - M K M Ali
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Physics Department, P.O. Box 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Ibrahem
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Physics Department, P.O. Box 13318, Saudi Arabia
| | - K H Ibnaouf
- Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), College of Science, Physics Department, P.O. Box 13318, Saudi Arabia.
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Schütze Y, Gayen D, Palczynski K, de Oliveira Silva R, Lu Y, Tovar M, Partovi-Azar P, Bande A, Dzubiella J. How Regiochemistry Influences Aggregation Behavior and Charge Transport in Conjugated Organosulfur Polymer Cathodes for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7889-7900. [PMID: 37014093 PMCID: PMC10141565 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
For lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries to become competitive, they require high stability and energy density. Organosulfur polymer-based cathodes have recently shown promising performance due to their ability to overcome common limitations of Li-S batteries, such as the insulating nature of sulfur. In this study, we use a multiscale modeling approach to explore the influence of the regiochemistry of a conjugated poly(4-(thiophene-3-yl)benzenethiol) (PTBT) polymer on its aggregation behavior and charge transport. Classical molecular dynamics simulations of the self-assembly of polymer chains with different regioregularity show that a head-to-tail/head-to-tail regularity can form a well-ordered crystalline phase of planar chains allowing for fast charge transport. Our X-ray diffraction measurements, in conjunction with our predicted crystal structure, confirm the presence of crystalline phases in the electropolymerized PTBT polymer. We quantitatively describe the charge transport in the crystalline phase in a band-like regime. Our results give detailed insights into the interplay between microstructural and electrical properties of conjugated polymer cathode materials, highlighting the effect of polymer chain regioregularity on its charge transport properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannik Schütze
- Research
Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Theoretical
Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Diptesh Gayen
- Applied Theoretical
Physics - Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karol Palczynski
- Research
Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ranielle de Oliveira Silva
- Department
Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yan Lu
- Department
Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Am Neuen Palais 10, 14469 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Michael Tovar
- Department
Structure and Dynamics of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pouya Partovi-Azar
- Institute
for Chemistry, Martin Luther Universität
Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Annika Bande
- Theory of
Electron Dynamics and Spectroscopy, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Dzubiella
- Research
Group for Simulations of Energy Materials, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
- Applied Theoretical
Physics - Computational Physics, Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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6
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Ji Y, Zhou H, Liu S, Kang T, Zhang Y, Chen W, Fu D, Zhong Z, Xu G, Gong XQ, Su F. Isolating Single Sn Atoms in CuO Mesocrystal to Form Ordered Atomic Interfaces: An Effective Strategy for Designing Highly Efficient Mesocrystal Catalysts. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2203658. [PMID: 36161498 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202203658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Tuning the electronic structures of mesocrystals at the atomic level is an effective approach to obtaining unprecedented properties. Here, a lattice-confined strategy to obtain isolated single-site Sn atoms in CuO mesocrystals to improve catalytic performance is reported. The Sn/CuO mesocrystal composite (Sn/CuO MC) has ordered Sn-O-Cu atomic interfaces originated from the long-range ordering of the CuO mesocrystal itself. X-ray absorption fine structure measurements confirm that the positively charged Sn atoms can tune the electronic structure of the Cu atoms to some extent in Sn/CuO MC, quite different from that in the conventional single-atom Sn-modified CuO nanoparticles and nanoparticulate SnO2 -modified CuO mesocrystal catalysts. When tested for the Si hydrochlorination reaction to produce trichlorosilane, Sn/CuO MC exhibits significantly better performances than the above two catalysts. Theoretical calculations further reveal the electronic modification to the active Cu component and the induced improvement in HCl adsorption, and thus enhance the catalytic performance. This work demonstrates how to design efficient metal oxide mesocrystal catalysts through an electronic structure modification approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Ji
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology ad Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Shaomian Liu
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ting Kang
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Education & Talent, CNPC Managers Training Institute, Beijing, 100096, China
| | - Wenxing Chen
- Energy & Catalysis Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dongxing Fu
- Gripm Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing, 101407, China
| | - Ziyi Zhong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, 515063, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion (MATEC), GTIIT, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Guangwen Xu
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
| | - Xue-Qing Gong
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Centre for Computational Chemistry and Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Fabing Su
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Institute of Industrial Chemistry and Energy Technology, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang, 110142, China
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Tang L, Watts B, Thomsen L, McNeill CR. Morphology and Charge Transport Properties of P(NDI2OD-T2)/Polystyrene Blends. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linjing Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Benjamin Watts
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen-PSI CH-5232, Switzerland
| | - Lars Thomsen
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christopher R. McNeill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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