1
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Li D, Cui T, Xu Z, Xu S, Dong Z, Tao L, Liu H, Yang Y, Ren TL. Designs and Applications for the Multimodal Flexible Hybrid Epidermal Electronic Systems. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2024; 7:0424. [PMID: 39130493 PMCID: PMC11310101 DOI: 10.34133/research.0424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Research on the flexible hybrid epidermal electronic system (FHEES) has attracted considerable attention due to its potential applications in human-machine interaction and healthcare. Through material and structural innovations, FHEES combines the advantages of traditional stiff electronic devices and flexible electronic technology, enabling it to be worn conformally on the skin while retaining complex system functionality. FHEESs use multimodal sensing to enhance the identification accuracy of the wearer's motion modes, intentions, or health status, thus realizing more comprehensive physiological signal acquisition. However, the heterogeneous integration of soft and stiff components makes balancing comfort and performance in designing and implementing multimodal FHEESs challenging. Herein, multimodal FHEESs are first introduced in 2 types based on their different system structure: all-in-one and assembled, reflecting totally different heterogeneous integration strategies. Characteristics and the key design issues (such as interconnect design, interface strategy, substrate selection, etc.) of the 2 multimodal FHEESs are emphasized. Besides, the applications and advantages of the 2 multimodal FHEESs in recent research have been presented, with a focus on the control and medical fields. Finally, the prospects and challenges of the multimodal FHEES are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- School of Integrated Circuit,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tianrui Cui
- School of Integrated Circuit,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zigan Xu
- School of Integrated Circuit,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuoyan Xu
- School of Integrated Circuit,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zirui Dong
- School of Integrated Circuit,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Tao
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist),
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Houfang Liu
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist),
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Yang
- School of Integrated Circuit,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist),
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Ling Ren
- School of Integrated Circuit,
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist),
Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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2
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Kong L, Li W, Zhang T, Ma H, Cao Y, Wang K, Zhou Y, Shamim A, Zheng L, Wang X, Huang W. Wireless Technologies in Flexible and Wearable Sensing: From Materials Design, System Integration to Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2400333. [PMID: 38652082 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202400333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Wireless and wearable sensors attract considerable interest in personalized healthcare by providing a unique approach for remote, noncontact, and continuous monitoring of various health-related signals without interference with daily life. Recent advances in wireless technologies and wearable sensors have promoted practical applications due to their significantly improved characteristics, such as reduction in size and thickness, enhancement in flexibility and stretchability, and improved conformability to the human body. Currently, most researches focus on active materials and structural designs for wearable sensors, with just a few exceptions reflecting on the technologies for wireless data transmission. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art wireless technologies and related studies on empowering wearable sensors. The emerging functional nanomaterials utilized for designing unique wireless modules are highlighted, which include metals, carbons, and MXenes. Additionally, the review outlines the system-level integration of wireless modules with flexible sensors, spanning from novel design strategies for enhanced conformability to efficient transmitting data wirelessly. Furthermore, the review introduces representative applications for remote and noninvasive monitoring of physiological signals through on-skin and implantable wireless flexible sensing systems. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and unprecedented opportunities for wireless and wearable sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Kong
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Tinghao Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yunqiang Cao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Atif Shamim
- IMPACT Lab, Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lu Zheng
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Xuewen Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE) and Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an, 710072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics(KLoFE)and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, 211800, China
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3
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Zhou L, Guess M, Kim KR, Yeo WH. Skin-interfacing wearable biosensors for smart health monitoring of infants and neonates. COMMUNICATIONS MATERIALS 2024; 5:72. [PMID: 38737724 PMCID: PMC11081930 DOI: 10.1038/s43246-024-00511-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Health monitoring of infant patients in intensive care can be especially strenuous for both the patient and their caregiver, as testing setups involve a tangle of electrodes, probes, and catheters that keep the patient bedridden. This has typically involved expensive and imposing machines, to track physiological metrics such as heart rate, respiration rate, temperature, blood oxygen saturation, blood pressure, and ion concentrations. However, in the past couple of decades, research advancements have propelled a world of soft, wearable, and non-invasive systems to supersede current practices. This paper summarizes the latest advancements in neonatal wearable systems and the different approaches to each branch of physiological monitoring, with an emphasis on smart skin-interfaced wearables. Weaknesses and shortfalls are also addressed, with some guidelines provided to help drive the further research needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Zhou
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Matthew Guess
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Ka Ram Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
| | - Woon-Hong Yeo
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- IEN Center for Wearable Intelligent Systems and Healthcare, Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Institute for Robotics and Intelligent Machines, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA
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4
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Kim D, Kim W, Kim J, Lee HK, Joo J, Kim B, Allen MG, Lu D, Venkatesh V, Huang Y, Yu KJ, Park YJ, Kim MK, Han S, Won SM. Optimal bilayer composites for temperature-tracking wireless electronics. NANOSCALE 2024. [PMID: 38412042 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05784d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Modern silicone-based epidermal electronics engineered for body temperature sensing represent a pivotal development in the quest for advancing preventive medicine and enhancing post-surgical monitoring. While these compact and highly flexible electronics empower real-time monitoring in dynamic environments, a noteworthy limitation is the challenge in regulating the infiltration or obstruction of heat from the external environment into the surface layers of these electronics. The study presents a cost-effective temperature sensing solution by embedding wireless electronics in a multi-layered elastomeric composite to meet the dual needs of enhanced thermal insulation for encapsulation in contact with air and improved thermal conductivity for the substrate in contact with the skin. The encapsulating composite benefits from the inclusion of hollow silica microspheres, which reduce the thermal conductivity by 40%, while non-spherical aluminum nitride enhances the thermal conductivity of the substrate by 370%. The addition of particles to the respective composites inevitably leads to an increase in modulus. Two composite elements are engineered to coexist while maintaining a matching low modulus of 3.4 MPa and a stretchability exceeding 30%, all without compromising the optimized thermal properties. Consecutive thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization confirms the sensor's capacity for precise body temperature monitoring during a single day's lifespan, while also assessing the influence of behavioral factors on body temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doyoung Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| | - Wooseok Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| | - Jihwan Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| | - Hee Kyu Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| | - Janghoon Joo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| | - Bogeun Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
| | - Mark G Allen
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dengyang Lu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Vishal Venkatesh
- Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yanghang Huang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ki Jun Yu
- Functional Bio-integrated Electronics and Energy Management Lab, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Park
- KERI (Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute), 111, Hanggaul-ro, Sangrok-gu, Ansan, 15588, Republic of Korea
| | - Mu Kyung Kim
- School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea
| | - Seungyong Han
- Multiscale Bioinspired Technology Lab, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ajou University, 206, World cup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16499 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Won
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Korea.
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5
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Walter JR, Xu S, Rogers JA. From lab to life: how wearable devices can improve health equity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:123. [PMID: 38167483 PMCID: PMC10761710 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Wearable devices can provide personalised medicine at the point of need, potentially increasing access to health services and therefore improving health equity. Here the authors discuss their experiences developing wearable devices for vulnerable patient populations, including neonates and pregnant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica R Walter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shuai Xu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60611, USA
- Sibel Health, Chicago, IL, 60614, USA
| | - John A Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60611, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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6
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Lin S, Jiang J, Huang K, Li L, He X, Du P, Wu Y, Liu J, Li X, Huang Z, Zhou Z, Yu Y, Gao J, Lei M, Wu H. Advanced Electrode Technologies for Noninvasive Brain-Computer Interfaces. ACS NANO 2023; 17:24487-24513. [PMID: 38064282 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in medical, assistive, and communication technologies. Building on this, noninvasive BCIs stand out as they provide a safe and user-friendly method for interacting with the human brain. In this work, we provide a comprehensive overview of the latest developments and advancements in material, design, and application of noninvasive BCIs electrode technology. We also explore the challenges and limitations currently faced by noninvasive BCI electrode technology and sketch out the technological roadmap from three dimensions: Materials and Design; Performances; Mode and Function. We aim to unite research efforts within the field of noninvasive BCI electrode technology, focusing on the consolidation of shared goals and fostering integrated development strategies among a diverse array of multidisciplinary researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kai Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Lei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peng Du
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yufeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Junchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Xilin Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
- Advanced Institute for Brain and Intelligence, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhibao Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zenan Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yuanhang Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
| | - Hui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Huang X, Xue Y, Ren S, Wang F. Sensor-Based Wearable Systems for Monitoring Human Motion and Posture: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:9047. [PMID: 38005436 PMCID: PMC10675437 DOI: 10.3390/s23229047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, marked progress has been made in wearable technology for human motion and posture recognition in the areas of assisted training, medical health, VR/AR, etc. This paper systematically reviews the status quo of wearable sensing systems for human motion capture and posture recognition from three aspects, which are monitoring indicators, sensors, and system design. In particular, it summarizes the monitoring indicators closely related to human posture changes, such as trunk, joints, and limbs, and analyzes in detail the types, numbers, locations, installation methods, and advantages and disadvantages of sensors in different monitoring systems. Finally, it is concluded that future research in this area will emphasize monitoring accuracy, data security, wearing comfort, and durability. This review provides a reference for the future development of wearable sensing systems for human motion capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Huang
- Guangdong Modern Apparel Technology & Engineering Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510075, China or (X.H.); (Y.X.); (S.R.)
- Xiayi Lixing Research Institute of Textiles and Apparel, Shangqiu 476499, China
| | - Yunan Xue
- Guangdong Modern Apparel Technology & Engineering Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510075, China or (X.H.); (Y.X.); (S.R.)
| | - Shuyun Ren
- Guangdong Modern Apparel Technology & Engineering Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510075, China or (X.H.); (Y.X.); (S.R.)
| | - Fei Wang
- School of Textile Materials and Engineering, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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8
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Kang M, Lee DM, Hyun I, Rubab N, Kim SH, Kim SW. Advances in Bioresorbable Triboelectric Nanogenerators. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11559-11618. [PMID: 37756249 PMCID: PMC10571046 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
With the growing demand for next-generation health care, the integration of electronic components into implantable medical devices (IMDs) has become a vital factor in achieving sophisticated healthcare functionalities such as electrophysiological monitoring and electroceuticals worldwide. However, these devices confront technological challenges concerning a noninvasive power supply and biosafe device removal. Addressing these challenges is crucial to ensure continuous operation and patient comfort and minimize the physical and economic burden on the patient and the healthcare system. This Review highlights the promising capabilities of bioresorbable triboelectric nanogenerators (B-TENGs) as temporary self-clearing power sources and self-powered IMDs. First, we present an overview of and progress in bioresorbable triboelectric energy harvesting devices, focusing on their working principles, materials development, and biodegradation mechanisms. Next, we examine the current state of on-demand transient implants and their biomedical applications. Finally, we address the current challenges and future perspectives of B-TENGs, aimed at expanding their technological scope and developing innovative solutions. This Review discusses advancements in materials science, chemistry, and microfabrication that can advance the scope of energy solutions available for IMDs. These innovations can potentially change the current health paradigm, contribute to enhanced longevity, and reshape the healthcare landscape soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minki Kang
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Dong-Min Lee
- School
of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inah Hyun
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Najaf Rubab
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon
University, Seongnam 13120, Republic
of Korea
| | - So-Hee Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Center for Human-oriented Triboelectric
Energy Harvesting, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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9
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Wang P, Fu J, Jin P, Zeng J, Miao X, Wang H, Ma Y, Feng X. A soft, bioinspired artificial lymphatic system for interactive ascites transfer. Bioeng Transl Med 2023; 8:e10567. [PMID: 37693063 PMCID: PMC10486333 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-flow removal of refractory ascites is critical to treating cirrhosis and digestive system tumor, and thus, commercial ascites pump emerged lately. The rigid structure of clinically available pumps rises complication rate and lack of flow rate monitoring hinders early warning of abnormalities. Herein, a soft artificial system was proposed inspired by lymph for interactive ascites transfer with great biocompatibility. The implantable system is composed of pump cavity, valves and tubes, which are soft and flexible made by silica gel. Therefore, the system possesses similar modulus to tissues and can naturally fit surrounding tissues. The cavity with magnetic tablet embedded is driven by extracorporeal magnetic field. Subsequently, the system can drain ascites with a top speed of 23 mL min-1, much higher than that of natural lymphatic system and state-of-art devices. Moreover, integrated flexible sensors enable wireless, real-time flow rate monitoring, serving as proof of treatment adjustment, detection and locating of malfunction at early stage. The liver function of experimental objects was improved, and no severe complications occurred for 4 weeks, which proved its safety and benefit to treatment. This artificial lymphatic system can serve as a bridge to recovery and pave the way for further clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- AML, Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ji Fu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU JiaxingZhejiangChina
| | - Peng Jin
- AML, Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jin Zeng
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU JiaxingZhejiangChina
| | - Xiaohui Miao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU JiaxingZhejiangChina
| | - Heling Wang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU JiaxingZhejiangChina
| | - Yinji Ma
- AML, Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xue Feng
- AML, Department of Engineering MechanicsTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics TechnologyTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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10
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Xiao T, Dong X, Lu Y, Zhou W. High-Resolution and Multidimensional Phenotypes Can Complement Genomics Data to Diagnose Diseases in the Neonatal Population. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:204-215. [PMID: 37197647 PMCID: PMC10110825 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00071-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in genomic medicine have greatly improved our understanding of human diseases. However, phenome is not well understood. High-resolution and multidimensional phenotypes have shed light on the mechanisms underlying neonatal diseases in greater details and have the potential to optimize clinical strategies. In this review, we first highlight the value of analyzing traditional phenotypes using a data science approach in the neonatal population. We then discuss recent research on high-resolution, multidimensional, and structured phenotypes in neonatal critical diseases. Finally, we briefly introduce current technologies available for the analysis of multidimensional data and the value that can be provided by integrating these data into clinical practice. In summary, a time series of multidimensional phenome can improve our understanding of disease mechanisms and diagnostic decision-making, stratify patients, and provide clinicians with optimized strategies for therapeutic intervention; however, the available technologies for collecting multidimensional data and the best platform for connecting multiple modalities should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Xiao
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102 China
- Department of Neonatology, Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610000 China
| | - Xinran Dong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Yulan Lu
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102 China
| | - Wenhao Zhou
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102 China
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Pediatric Research Institute, Children’s Hospital of Fudan University, National Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai, 201102 China
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11
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Liu Y, Li X, Yang H, Zhang P, Wang P, Sun Y, Yang F, Liu W, Li Y, Tian Y, Qian S, Chen S, Cheng H, Wang X. Skin-Interfaced Superhydrophobic Insensible Sweat Sensors for Evaluating Body Thermoregulation and Skin Barrier Functions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:5588-5599. [PMID: 36745638 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c11267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring sweat rate is vital for estimating sweat loss and accurately measuring biomarkers of interest. Although various optical or electrical sensors have been developed to monitor the sensible sweat rate, the quantification of the insensible sweat rate that is directly related to body thermoregulation and skin barrier functions still remains a challenge. This work introduces a superhydrophobic sweat sensor based on a polyacrylate sodium/MXene composite sandwiched between two superhydrophobic textile layers to continuously measure sweat vapor from insensible sweat with high sensitivity and rapid response. The superhydrophobic textile on a holey thin substrate with reduced stiffness and excellent breathability allows the permeation of sweat vapor, while preventing the sensor from being affected by the external water droplets and internal sensible sweat. Integrating the insensible sweat sensor with a flexible wireless communication and powering module further yields a standalone sensing system to continuously monitor insensible sweat rates at different body locations for diverse application scenarios. Proof-of-concept demonstrations on human subjects showcase the feasibility to continuously evaluate the body's thermoregulation and skin barrier functions for the assessment of thermal comfort, disease conditions, and nervous system activity. The results presented in this work also provide a low-cost device platform to detect other health-relevant biomarkers in the sweat (vapor) as the next-generation sweat sensor for smart healthcare and personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchengyi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Xiaofeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Hanlin Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Peihe Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yi Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Fengzhen Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Weiyi Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yujing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Yao Tian
- School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Shun Qian
- School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Shangda Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
| | - Xiufeng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan 411105, China
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12
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Wireless monitoring devices in hospitalized children: a scoping review. Eur J Pediatr 2023; 182:1991-2003. [PMID: 36859727 PMCID: PMC9977642 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to provide a structured overview of existing wireless monitoring technologies for hospitalized children. A systematic search of the literature published after 2010 was conducted in Medline, Embase, Scielo, Cochrane, and Web of Science. Two investigators independently reviewed articles to determine eligibility for inclusion. Information on study type, hospital setting, number of participants, use of a reference sensor, type and number of vital signs monitored, duration of monitoring, type of wireless information transfer, and outcomes of the wireless devices was extracted. A descriptive analysis was applied. Of the 1130 studies identified from our search, 42 met eligibility for subsequent analysis. Most included studies were observational studies with sample sizes of 50 or less published between 2019 and 2022. Common problems pertaining to study methodology and outcomes observed were short duration of monitoring, single focus on validity, and lack information on wireless transfer and data management. Conclusion: Research on the use of wireless monitoring for children in hospitals has been increasing in recent years but often limited by methodological problems. More rigorous studies are necessary to establish the safety and accuracy of novel wireless monitoring devices in hospitalized children. What is Known: • Continuous monitoring of vital signs using wired sensors is the standard of care for hospitalized pediatric patients. However, the use of wires may pose significant challenges to optimal care. What is New: • Interest in wireless monitoring for hospitalized pediatric patients has been rapidly growing in recent years. • However, most devices are in early stages of clinical testing and are limited by inconsistent clinical and technological reporting.
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13
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Responsive materials and mechanisms as thermal safety systems for skin-interfaced electronic devices. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1024. [PMID: 36823288 PMCID: PMC9950147 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36690-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft, wireless physiological sensors that gently adhere to the skin are capable of continuous clinical-grade health monitoring in hospital and/or home settings, of particular value to critically ill infants and other vulnerable patients, but they present risks for injury upon thermal failure. This paper introduces an active materials approach that automatically minimizes such risks, to complement traditional schemes that rely on integrated sensors and electronic control circuits. The strategy exploits thin, flexible bladders that contain small volumes of liquid with boiling points a few degrees above body temperature. When the heat exceeds the safe range, vaporization rapidly forms highly effective, thermally insulating structures and delaminates the device from the skin, thereby eliminating any danger to the skin. Experimental and computational thermomechanical studies and demonstrations in a skin-interfaced mechano-acoustic sensor illustrate the effectiveness of this simple thermal safety system and suggest its applicability to nearly any class of skin-integrated device technology.
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14
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Grooby E, Sitaula C, Chang Kwok T, Sharkey D, Marzbanrad F, Malhotra A. Artificial intelligence-driven wearable technologies for neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring: Part 1 wearable technology. Pediatr Res 2023; 93:413-425. [PMID: 36593282 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
With the development of Artificial Intelligence techniques, smart health monitoring is becoming more popular. In this study, we investigate the trend of wearable sensors being adopted and developed in neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring. We performed a search of papers published from the year 2000 onwards. We then reviewed the advances in sensor technologies and wearable modalities for this application. Common wearable modalities included clothing (39%); chest/abdominal belts (25%); and adhesive patches (15%). Popular singular physiological information from sensors included electrocardiogram (15%), breathing (24%), oxygen saturation and photoplethysmography (13%). Many studies (46%) incorporated a combination of these signals. There has been extensive research in neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring using both single and multi-parameter systems. Poor data quality is a common issue and further research into combining multi-sensor information to alleviate this should be investigated. IMPACT STATEMENT: State-of-the-art review of sensor technology for wearable neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring. Review of the designs for wearable neonatal cardiorespiratory monitoring. The use of multi-sensor information to improve physiological data quality has been limited in past research. Several sensor technologies have been implemented and tested on adults that have yet to be explored in the newborn population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Grooby
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chiranjibi Sitaula
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - T'ng Chang Kwok
- Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Don Sharkey
- Centre for Perinatal Research, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Faezeh Marzbanrad
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Wang S, Lan B, Gao Y, Xie Y, He H, Xiong D, Tian G, Yang T, Huang J, Ao Y, Sun Y, Yang W, Deng W. Versatile MXene integrated assembly for piezoresistive micro‐force sensing. VIEW 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20220031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shenglong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Boling Lan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yuyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yanting Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Hanyu He
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Da Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Guo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yong Ao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
| | - Weili Deng
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials (Ministry of Education) School of Materials Science and Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu P. R. China
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16
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Cai Y, Shen J, Fu JH, Qaiser N, Chen C, Tseng CC, Hakami M, Yang Z, Yen HJ, Dong X, Li LJ, Han Y, Tung V. Graphdiyne-Based Nanofilms for Compliant On-Skin Sensing. ACS NANO 2022; 16:16677-16689. [PMID: 36125976 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c06169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Thin-film electronics pliably laminated onto the epidermis for noninvasive, specific, and multifunctional sensing are ideal wearable systems for health monitoring and information technologies. However, it remains a critical challenge to fabricate ultrathin and compliant skin-like sensors with high imperceptibility and sensitivities. Here we report a design of conductive hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne (HsGDY) nanofilms with conjugated porous structure and inherent softness for on-skin sensors that allow minimization of stress and discomfort with wear. Dominated by the subtle deformation-induced changes in the interdomain tunneling conductance, the engineered HsGDY sensors show continuous and accurate results. Real-time noninvasive spatial mapping of dynamic/static strains in both tensile/compressive directions monitors various body motions with high sensitivity (GF ∼22.6, under 2% strain), fast response (∼60 ms), and long-term durability (∼5000 cycles). Moreover, such devices can dynamically distinguish between the temperature difference and frequency of air inhaled and exhaled through the nostril, revealing a quantitative assessment of the movement/health of the human body. The proof-of-concept strategy provides an alternative route for the design of next-generation wearable organic bioelectronics with multiple electronic functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Cai
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Material Science and Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jie Shen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jui-Han Fu
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Nadeem Qaiser
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Material Science and Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cailing Chen
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chien-Chih Tseng
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Material Science and Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Mariam Hakami
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Zheng Yang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Material Science and Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hung-Ju Yen
- Institute of Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Yu Han
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Vincent Tung
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, Material Science and Engineering Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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17
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Tang L, Yang S, Zhang K, Jiang X. Skin Electronics from Biocompatible In Situ Welding Enabled By Intrinsically Sticky Conductors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2202043. [PMID: 35754311 PMCID: PMC9376824 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202202043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Welding usually involves high temperatures, toxic solvents, or conditions not compatible with human bodies, which severely limit the fusion of electronics and human tissues. To achieve direct welding of electronics on human skin, the intrinsically sticky conductors that can simultaneously achieve metal-grade electrical conductivity (≈41 7000 S m-1 ), hydrogel-grade stretchability (>900% strain), and self-adhesiveness (1.8 N cm-1 ) are reported. The sticky conductors composed of gallium indium alloy and acrylate polymer adhesives have a surface-enriched structure, which can form instant mechanical and electrical connections with different surfaces through gentle pressure without involving conditions that may damage human tissues. Based on the sticky conductors, the in situ welding of electronics on the skin is realized. To demonstrate the feasibility of in situ welding, electronic tattoos are achieved for movement monitoring. Intrinsically sticky electrodes that can resist drying and simultaneously deform with the skin for electrophysiological measurement are also developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixue Tang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical ApplicationCapital Medical UniversityNo.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men WaiBeijing100069China
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced BiomaterialsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data‐Based Precision MedicineCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100069China
| | - Shuaijian Yang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced BiomaterialsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Kuan Zhang
- School of Biomedical EngineeringBeijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical ApplicationCapital Medical UniversityNo.10 Xitoutiao, You An Men WaiBeijing100069China
| | - Xingyu Jiang
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringShenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced BiomaterialsSouthern University of Science and TechnologyNo 1088, Xueyuan Rd., Xili, Nanshan DistrictShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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18
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Jinkins KR, Li S, Arafa H, Jeong H, Lee YJ, Wu C, Campisi E, Ni X, Cho D, Huang Y, Rogers JA. Thermally switchable, crystallizable oil and silicone composite adhesives for skin-interfaced wearable devices. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0537. [PMID: 35687686 PMCID: PMC9187235 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Continuous health monitoring is essential for clinical care, especially for patients in neonatal and pediatric intensive care units. Monitoring currently requires wired biosensors affixed to the skin with strong adhesives that can cause irritation and iatrogenic injuries during removal. Emerging wireless alternatives are attractive, but requirements for skin adhesives remain. Here, we present a materials strategy enabling wirelessly triggered reductions in adhesive strength to eliminate the possibility for injury during removal. The materials involve silicone composites loaded with crystallizable oils with melting temperatures close to, but above, surface body temperature. This solid/liquid phase transition occurs upon heating, reducing the adhesion at the skin interface by more than 75%. Experimental and computational studies reveal insights into effects of oil mixed randomly and patterned deterministically into the composite. Demonstrations in skin-integrated sensors that include wirelessly controlled heating and adhesion reduction illustrate the broad utility of these ideas in clinical-grade health monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R. Jinkins
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Shupeng Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hany Arafa
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Jeong
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Young Joong Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Changsheng Wu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Elizabeth Campisi
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Xinchen Ni
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Donghwi Cho
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Thin Film Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Yuseong, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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19
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Paul Kunnel B, Demuru S. An epidermal wearable microfluidic patch for simultaneous sampling, storage, and analysis of biofluids with counterion monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2022; 22:1793-1804. [PMID: 35316321 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00183g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous access to different biofluids enables an accurate analysis of multiple analytes, leading to a precision diagnosis and appropriate medication. Additionally, establishing a relationship between various markers in different biofluids and their correlation to biomarkers in blood allows the development of an algorithmic approach, which aids non-invasive diagnosis through single parameter monitoring. However, the main bottleneck that exists in multiple biofluid analyses for its clinical implementation is the requirement of an advanced microfluidic coupled device design, which empowers simultaneous collection and monitoring. To tackle this challenge, an epidermal wearable bio-fluidic patch that facilitates simultaneous on-demand extraction, sampling, and storage of sweat and interstitial fluid (ISF) together with monitoring of their corresponding counterions is presented. The clean room free development of a biofluidic patch is realized through 3D integration of laser patterned optimized microfluidic structures, a low-cost screen-printed stimulation module, and a potentiometric chloride (Cl-) and calcium (Ca2+) ion sensing module for adequate dual biofluid sampling and analysis. The developed Cl- and Ca2+ ion-selective sensors exhibit good repeatability, selectivity, acceptable stability, and sensitivity. The proof-of-concept demonstration of the fabricated patch for simultaneous dual-sampling, storage, and monitoring of the sweat Cl- and ISF Ca2+ on a healthy volunteer during different periods of the day leverages its potential in real-time personalized healthcare clinical usages. Furthermore, the patch's electronic interface and use of wireless transmission facilitates a point-of-care non-invasive lab-on-skin application for monitoring the health status of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brince Paul Kunnel
- Soft Transducers Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
- Micro & Nano systems Centre, Tyndall National Institute, T12 R5CP Cork, Ireland.
| | - Silvia Demuru
- Soft Transducers Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 2000 Neuchatel, Switzerland
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20
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Petmezas G, Stefanopoulos L, Kilintzis V, Tzavelis A, Rogers JA, Katsaggelos AK, Maglaveras N. State-of-the-art Deep Learning Methods on Electrocardiogram Data: A Systematic Review (Preprint). JMIR Med Inform 2022; 10:e38454. [PMID: 35969441 PMCID: PMC9425174 DOI: 10.2196/38454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the most common noninvasive diagnostic tools that can provide useful information regarding a patient’s health status. Deep learning (DL) is an area of intense exploration that leads the way in most attempts to create powerful diagnostic models based on physiological signals. Objective This study aimed to provide a systematic review of DL methods applied to ECG data for various clinical applications. Methods The PubMed search engine was systematically searched by combining “deep learning” and keywords such as “ecg,” “ekg,” “electrocardiogram,” “electrocardiography,” and “electrocardiology.” Irrelevant articles were excluded from the study after screening titles and abstracts, and the remaining articles were further reviewed. The reasons for article exclusion were manuscripts written in any language other than English, absence of ECG data or DL methods involved in the study, and absence of a quantitative evaluation of the proposed approaches. Results We identified 230 relevant articles published between January 2020 and December 2021 and grouped them into 6 distinct medical applications, namely, blood pressure estimation, cardiovascular disease diagnosis, ECG analysis, biometric recognition, sleep analysis, and other clinical analyses. We provide a complete account of the state-of-the-art DL strategies per the field of application, as well as major ECG data sources. We also present open research problems, such as the lack of attempts to address the issue of blood pressure variability in training data sets, and point out potential gaps in the design and implementation of DL models. Conclusions We expect that this review will provide insights into state-of-the-art DL methods applied to ECG data and point to future directions for research on DL to create robust models that can assist medical experts in clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Petmezas
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical-Imaging Technologies, The Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Leandros Stefanopoulos
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical-Imaging Technologies, The Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassilis Kilintzis
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical-Imaging Technologies, The Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Tzavelis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Material Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Aggelos K Katsaggelos
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Nicos Maglaveras
- Lab of Computing, Medical Informatics and Biomedical-Imaging Technologies, The Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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