1
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Kopteva NE, Yakovlev DR, Yalcin E, Akimov IA, Nestoklon MO, Glazov MM, Kotur M, Kudlacik D, Zhukov EA, Kirstein E, Hordiichuk O, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. Highly-Polarized Emission Provided by Giant Optical Orientation of Exciton Spins in Lead Halide Perovskite Crystals. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403691. [PMID: 38884160 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Quantum technologic and spintronic applications require reliable material platforms that enable significant and long-living spin polarization of excitations, the ability to manipulate it optically in external fields, and the possibility to implement quantum correlations between spins, i.e., entanglement. Here it is demonstrated that these conditions are met in bulk crystals of lead halide perovskites. A giant optical orientation of 85% of excitons, approaching the ultimate limit of unity, in FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2 crystals is reported. The exciton spin orientation is maintained during the exciton lifetime of 55 ps resulting in high circular polarization of the exciton emission. The optical orientation is robust to detuning of the excitation energy up to 0.3 eV above the exciton resonance and remains larger than 20% up to detunings of 0.9 eV. It evidences pure chiral selection rules and suppressed spin relaxation of electrons and holes, even with large kinetic energies. The exciton and electron-hole recombinations are distinguished by means of the spin dynamics detected via coherent spin quantum beats in magnetic field. Further, electron-hole spin correlations are demonstrated through linear polarization beats after circularly polarized excitation. These findings are supported by atomistic calculations. All-in-all, the results establish lead halide perovskite semiconductors as suitable platform for quantum technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliia E Kopteva
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eyüp Yalcin
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ilya A Akimov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikhail O Nestoklon
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikhail M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Mladen Kotur
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dennis Kudlacik
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Erik Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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2
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Kopteva NE, Yakovlev DR, Kirstein E, Zhukov EA, Kudlacik D, Kalitukha IV, Sapega VF, Hordiichuk O, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Baumann A, Höcker J, Dyakonov V, Crooker SA, Bayer M. Weak Dispersion of Exciton Landé Factor with Band Gap Energy in Lead Halide Perovskites: Approximate Compensation of the Electron and Hole Dependences. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2300935. [PMID: 38009504 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of lead halide perovskite semiconductors in vicinity of the bandgap are controlled by excitons, so that investigation of their fundamental properties is of critical importance. The exciton Landé or g-factor gX is the key parameter, determining the exciton Zeeman spin splitting in magnetic fields. The exciton, electron, and hole carrier g-factors provide information on the band structure, including its anisotropy, and the parameters contributing to the electron and hole effective masses. Here, gX is measured by reflectivity in magnetic fields up to 60 T for lead halide perovskite crystals. The materials band gap energies at a liquid helium temperature vary widely across the visible spectral range from 1.520 up to 3.213 eV in hybrid organic-inorganic and fully inorganic perovskites with different cations and halogens: FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2, MAPbI3, FAPbBr3, CsPbBr3, and MAPb(Br0.05Cl0.95)3. The exciton g-factors are found to be nearly constant, ranging from +2.3 to +2.7. Thus, the strong dependences of the electron and hole g-factors on the bandgap roughly compensate each other when combining to the exciton g-factor. The same is true for the anisotropies of the carrier g-factors, resulting in a nearly isotropic exciton g-factor. The experimental data are compared favorably with model calculation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia E Kopteva
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Erik Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dennis Kudlacik
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ina V Kalitukha
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Victor F Sapega
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194021, Russia
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
- Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8093, Switzerland
- Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, 8600, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Baumann
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Julian Höcker
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Dyakonov
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Scott A Crooker
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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3
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Kirstein E, Zhukov EA, Yakovlev DR, Kopteva NE, Yalcin E, Akimov IA, Hordiichuk O, Dirin DN, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. Coherent Carrier Spin Dynamics in FAPbBr 3 Perovskite Crystals. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2893-2903. [PMID: 38448798 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Coherent spin dynamics of electrons and holes are studied in hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite FAPbBr3 bulk single crystals using the time-resolved Kerr ellipticity technique at cryogenic temperatures. The Larmor spin precession of the carrier spins in a magnetic field is monitored to measure the Landé g-factors of electrons (+2.44) and holes (+0.41). These g-factors are highly isotropic. The measured spin dephasing times amount to a few nanoseconds, and the longitudinal hole spin relaxation time is 470 ns. The important role of the strong hyperfine interaction between carrier spins and nuclear spins is demonstrated via dynamic nuclear polarization. At low temperatures, electron and hole spin relaxation predominantly occurs via the hyperfine interaction, whose importance significantly decreases at temperatures above 12 K. We overview the spin dynamics in various lead halide perovskite crystals and polycrystalline films and conclude on their common features provided by charge carrier localization at cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nataliia E Kopteva
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Eyüp Yalcin
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Ilya A Akimov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich,Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich,Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich,Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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4
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Kirstein E, Smirnov DS, Zhukov EA, Yakovlev DR, Kopteva NE, Dirin DN, Hordiichuk O, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. The squeezed dark nuclear spin state in lead halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6683. [PMID: 37865649 PMCID: PMC10590392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coherent many-body states are highly promising for robust quantum information processing. While far-reaching theoretical predictions have been made for various implementations, direct experimental evidence of their appealing properties can be challenging. Here, we demonstrate optical manipulation of the nuclear spin ensemble in the lead halide perovskite semiconductor FAPbBr3 (FA = formamidinium), targeting a long-postulated collective dark state that is insensitive to optical pumping after its build-up. Via optical orientation of localized hole spins we drive the nuclear many-body system into this entangled state, requiring a weak magnetic field of only a few milli-Tesla strength at cryogenic temperatures. During its fast establishment, the nuclear polarization along the optical axis remains small, while the transverse nuclear spin fluctuations are strongly reduced, corresponding to spin squeezing as evidenced by a strong violation of the generalized nuclear squeezing-inequality with ξs < 0.5. The dark state corresponds to an ~35-body entanglement between the nuclei. Dark nuclear spin states can be exploited to store quantum information benefiting from their long-lived many-body coherence and to perform quantum measurements with a precision beyond the standard limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kirstein
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - D S Smirnov
- Ioffe Institute, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - E A Zhukov
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D R Yakovlev
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - N E Kopteva
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D N Dirin
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - O Hordiichuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - M V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - M Bayer
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
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5
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Nestoklon MO, Kirstein E, Yakovlev DR, Zhukov EA, Glazov MM, Semina MA, Ivchenko EL, Kolobkova EV, Kuznetsova MS, Bayer M. Tailoring the Electron and Hole Landé Factors in Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals by Quantum Confinement and Halide Exchange. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:8218-8224. [PMID: 37647545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The tunability of the optical properties of lead halide perovskite nanocrystals makes them highly appealing for applications. Halide anion exchange and quantum confinement enable tailoring of the band gap. For spintronics, the Landé g-factors of electrons and holes are essential. Using empirical tight-binding and k·p methods, we calculate them for nanocrystals of all-inorganic lead halide perovskites CsPbX3 (X = I, Br, Cl). The hole g-factor band gap dependence follows the universal law found for bulk perovskites, while for electrons, a considerable modification is predicted. Based on the k·p analysis, we conclude that this difference arises from the interaction of the bottom conduction band with the spin-orbit split electron states. These predictions are confirmed experimentally for electron and hole g-factors in CsPbI3 nanocrystals in a glass matrix, measured by time-resolved Faraday ellipticity in a magnetic field at cryogenic temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail O Nestoklon
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Erik Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Evgeny A Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Mikhail M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina A Semina
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Elena V Kolobkova
- ITMO University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria S Kuznetsova
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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6
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Zhang H, Zhai Z, Bi Z, Gao H, Ye M, Xu Y, Tan H, Yang L. Spin Coherence and Spin Relaxation in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Lead and Mixed Lead-Tin Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7914-7920. [PMID: 37642561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites make up a promising class of materials for semiconductor spintronics. Here we report a systematic investigation of coherent spin precession, spin dephasing and spin relaxation of electrons and holes in two hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites MA0.3FA0.7PbI3 and MA0.3FA0.7Pb0.5Sn0.5I3 using time-resolved Faraday rotation spectroscopy. With applied in-plane magnetic fields, we observe robust Larmor spin precession of electrons and holes that persists for hundreds of picoseconds. The spin dephasing and relaxation processes are likely to be sensitive to the defect levels. Temperature-dependent measurements give further insights into the spin relaxation channels. The extracted electron Landé g-factors (3.75 and 4.36) are the biggest among the reported values in inorganic or hybrid perovskites. Both the electron and hole g-factors shift dramatically with temperature, which we propose to originate from thermal lattice vibration effects on the band structure. These results lay the foundation for further design and use of lead- and tin-based perovskites for spintronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Zehua Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhixuan Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Han Gao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Meng Ye
- Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Hairen Tan
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Frontiers Science Center for Critical Earth Material Cycling, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Luyi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics, Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
- Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information, Beijing 100084, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100084, China
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7
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Meliakov SR, Zhukov EA, Kulebyakina EV, Belykh VV, Yakovlev DR. Coherent Spin Dynamics of Electrons in CsPbBr 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals at Room Temperature. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2454. [PMID: 37686962 PMCID: PMC10489742 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Coherent spin dynamics of charge carriers in CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals are studied in a temperature range of 4-300 K and in magnetic fields of up to 500 mT using time-resolved pump-probe Faraday rotation and differential transmission techniques. We detect electron spin Larmor precession in the entire temperature range. At temperatures below 50 K, hole spin precession is also observed. The temperature dependences of spin-related parameters, such as Landè g-factor and spin dephasing time are measured and analyzed. The electron g-factor increases with growing temperature, which can not be described by the temperature-induced band gap renormalization. We find that photocharging of the nanocrystals with either electrons or holes depends on the sample cooling regime, namely the cooling rate and illumination conditions. The type of the charge carrier provided by the photocharging can be identified via the carrier spin Larmor precession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey R. Meliakov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeny A. Zhukov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Vasilii V. Belykh
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R. Yakovlev
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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8
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Grisard S, Trifonov AV, Solovev IA, Yakovlev DR, Hordiichuk O, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M, Akimov IA. Long-Lived Exciton Coherence in Mixed-Halide Perovskite Crystals. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:7397-7403. [PMID: 37548595 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c01817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Compositional engineering of the optical properties of hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites is crucial for the realization of efficient solar cells and light-emitting devices. We study the effect of band gap fluctuations on coherent exciton dynamics in a mixed FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2 perovskite crystal by using photon echo spectroscopy. We reveal a narrow homogeneous exciton line width of 16 μeV at a temperature of 1.5 K. The corresponding exciton coherence time T2 = 83 ps is exceptionally long due to the localization of excitons at the scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers. From spectral and temperature dependences of the two- and three-pulse photon echo decay, we conclude that for low-energy excitons pure decoherence associated with elastic scattering on phonons is comparable with the exciton lifetime, while for excitons with higher energies, inelastic scattering to lower energy states via phonon emission dominates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Grisard
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Artur V Trifonov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Ivan A Solovev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
- Institute of Physics, University of Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Strasse 9-11, Oldenburg 26129, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
| | - Ilya A Akimov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund 44221, Germany
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9
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Harkort C, Kudlacik D, Kopteva NE, Yakovlev DR, Karzel M, Kirstein E, Hordiichuk O, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. Spin-Flip Raman Scattering on Electrons and Holes in Two-Dimensional (PEA) 2 PbI 4 Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2300988. [PMID: 37066731 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202300988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The class of Ruddlesden-Popper type (PEA)2 PbI4 perovskites comprises 2D structures whose optical properties are determined by excitons with a large binding energy of about 260 meV. It complements the family of other 2D semiconductor materials by having the band structure typical for lead halide perovskites, that can be considered as inverted compared to conventional III-V and II-VI semiconductors. Accordingly, novel spin phenomena can be expected for them. Spin-flip Raman scattering is used here to measure the Zeeman splitting of electrons and holes in a magnetic field up to 10 T. From the recorded data, the electron and hole Landé factors (g-factors) are evaluated, their signs are determined, and their anisotropies are measured. The electron g-factor value changes from +2.11 out-of-plane to +2.50 in-plane, while the hole g-factor ranges between -0.13 and -0.51. The spin flips of the resident carriers are arranged via their interaction with photogenerated excitons. Also the double spin-flip process, where a resident electron and a resident hole interact with the same exciton, is observed showing a cumulative Raman shift. Dynamic nuclear spin polarization induced by spin-polarized holes is detected in corresponding changes of the hole Zeeman splitting. An Overhauser field of the polarized nuclei acting on the holes as large as 0.6 T can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Harkort
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dennis Kudlacik
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Natalia E Kopteva
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Marek Karzel
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Erik Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, D-44227, Dortmund, Germany
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10
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Laitz M, Kaplan AEK, Deschamps J, Barotov U, Proppe AH, García-Benito I, Osherov A, Grancini G, deQuilettes DW, Nelson KA, Bawendi MG, Bulović V. Uncovering temperature-dependent exciton-polariton relaxation mechanisms in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2426. [PMID: 37105984 PMCID: PMC10140020 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites have emerged as a promising material candidate for exciton-polariton (polariton) optoelectronics. Thermodynamically, low-threshold Bose-Einstein condensation requires efficient scattering to the polariton energy dispersion minimum, and many applications demand precise control of polariton interactions. Thus far, the primary mechanisms by which polaritons relax in perovskites remains unclear. In this work, we perform temperature-dependent measurements of polaritons in low-dimensional perovskite wedged microcavities achieving a Rabi splitting of [Formula: see text] = 260 ± 5 meV. We change the Hopfield coefficients by moving the optical excitation along the cavity wedge and thus tune the strength of the primary polariton relaxation mechanisms in this material. We observe the polariton bottleneck regime and show that it can be overcome by harnessing the interplay between the different excitonic species whose corresponding dynamics are modified by strong coupling. This work provides an understanding of polariton relaxation in perovskites benefiting from efficient, material-specific relaxation pathways and intracavity pumping schemes from thermally brightened excitonic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Laitz
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexander E K Kaplan
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jude Deschamps
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ulugbek Barotov
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew H Proppe
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Inés García-Benito
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Osherov
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Giulia Grancini
- Department of Chemistry & INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Dane W deQuilettes
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Keith A Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Moungi G Bawendi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir Bulović
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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11
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Kirstein E, Kopteva NE, Yakovlev DR, Zhukov EA, Kolobkova EV, Kuznetsova MS, Belykh VV, Yugova IA, Glazov MM, Bayer M, Greilich A. Mode locking of hole spin coherences in CsPb(Cl, Br) 3 perovskite nanocrystals. Nat Commun 2023; 14:699. [PMID: 36755046 PMCID: PMC9908866 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36165-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The spin physics of perovskite nanocrystals with confined electrons or holes is attracting increasing attention, both for fundamental studies and spintronic applications. Here, stable [Formula: see text] lead halide perovskite nanocrystals embedded in a fluorophosphate glass matrix are studied by time-resolved optical spectroscopy to unravel the coherent spin dynamics of holes and their interaction with nuclear spins of the 207Pb isotope. We demonstrate the spin mode locking effect provided by the synchronization of the Larmor precession of single hole spins in each nanocrystal in the ensemble that are excited periodically by a laser in an external magnetic field. The mode locking is enhanced by nuclei-induced frequency focusing. An ensemble spin dephasing time [Formula: see text] of a nanosecond and a single hole spin coherence time of T2 = 13 ns are measured. The developed theoretical model accounting for the mode locking and nuclear focusing for randomly oriented nanocrystals with perovskite band structure describes the experimental data very well.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Kirstein
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - N. E. Kopteva
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - D. R. Yakovlev
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia ,grid.425806.d0000 0001 0656 6476P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - E. A. Zhukov
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany ,grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E. V. Kolobkova
- grid.35915.3b0000 0001 0413 4629ITMO University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia ,grid.437869.70000 0004 0497 4945St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology, 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. S. Kuznetsova
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. V. Belykh
- grid.425806.d0000 0001 0656 6476P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - I. A. Yugova
- grid.15447.330000 0001 2289 6897Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. M. Glazov
- grid.4886.20000 0001 2192 9124Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M. Bayer
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - A. Greilich
- grid.5675.10000 0001 0416 9637Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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12
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Kirstein E, Zhukov EA, Yakovlev DR, Kopteva NE, Harkort C, Kudlacik D, Hordiichuk O, Kovalenko MV, Bayer M. Coherent Spin Dynamics of Electrons in Two-Dimensional (PEA) 2PbI 4 Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:205-212. [PMID: 36574606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The versatile potential of lead halide perovskites and two-dimensional materials is merged in the Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites having outstanding optical properties. Here, the coherent spin dynamics in Ruddlesden-Popper (PEA)2PbI4 perovskites is investigated by picosecond pump-probe Kerr rotation in an external magnetic field. The Larmor spin precession of resident electrons with a spin dephasing time of 190 ps is identified. The longitudinal spin relaxation time in weak magnetic fields measured by the spin inertia method is as long as 25 μs. A significant anisotropy of the electron g-factor with the in-plane value of +2.45 and out-of-plane value of +2.05 is found. The exciton out-of-plane g-factor of +1.6 is measured by magneto-reflectivity. This work contributes to the understanding of the spin-dependent properties of two-dimensional perovskites and their spin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Kirstein
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Evgeny A Zhukov
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nataliia E Kopteva
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Carolin Harkort
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dennis Kudlacik
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Oleh Hordiichuk
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich CH-8093, Switzerland
- EMPA-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf CH-8600, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Bayer
- Experimental Physics 2, Department of Physics, TU Dortmund, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
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13
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Belykh VV, Skorikov ML, Kulebyakina EV, Kolobkova EV, Kuznetsova MS, Glazov MM, Yakovlev DR. Submillisecond Spin Relaxation in CsPb(Cl,Br) 3 Perovskite Nanocrystals in a Glass Matrix. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:4583-4588. [PMID: 35621509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c01673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lead halide perovskite nanocrystals in a glass matrix are a promising platform for optoelectronic applications due to their excellent optical properties combined with outstanding stability against the environment. We reveal the potential of this system for spintronics by studying the electron spin properties of CsPb(Cl,Br)3 nanocrystals in a fluorophosphate glass matrix. Using optical spin orientation and spin depolarization with a radio frequency field, we measure longitudinal spin relaxation time, T1, reaching several hundreds of microseconds at low temperatures. This time T1 corresponds to a spin state with a small g factor, which we attribute to a weakly exchange-coupled electron-hole pair with antiparallel spins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilii V Belykh
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail L Skorikov
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniya V Kulebyakina
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Kolobkova
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), 190013 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Research Center for Optical Materials Science, ITMO University, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria S Kuznetsova
- Spin Optics Laboratory, St. Petersburg State University, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Mikhail M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dmitri R Yakovlev
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221 Dortmund, Germany
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14
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Kirstein E, Yakovlev DR, Glazov MM, Zhukov EA, Kudlacik D, Kalitukha IV, Sapega VF, Dimitriev GS, Semina MA, Nestoklon MO, Ivchenko EL, Kopteva NE, Dirin DN, Nazarenko O, Kovalenko MV, Baumann A, Höcker J, Dyakonov V, Bayer M. The Landé factors of electrons and holes in lead halide perovskites: universal dependence on the band gap. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3062. [PMID: 35654813 PMCID: PMC9163162 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Landé or g-factors of charge carriers are decisive for the spin-dependent phenomena in solids and provide also information about the underlying electronic band structure. We present a comprehensive set of experimental data for values and anisotropies of the electron and hole Landé factors in hybrid organic-inorganic (MAPbI3, MAPb(Br0.5Cl0.5)3, MAPb(Br0.05Cl0.95)3, FAPbBr3, FA0.9Cs0.1PbI2.8Br0.2, MA=methylammonium and FA=formamidinium) and all-inorganic (CsPbBr3) lead halide perovskites, determined by pump-probe Kerr rotation and spin-flip Raman scattering in magnetic fields up to 10 T at cryogenic temperatures. Further, we use first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations in combination with tight-binding and k ⋅ p approaches to calculate microscopically the Landé factors. The results demonstrate their universal dependence on the band gap energy across the different perovskite material classes, which can be summarized in a universal semi-phenomenological expression, in good agreement with experiment. The Landé factors govern all the spin-related basic phenomena and are the key parameters which guide spintronics applications. Here, Kirstein et al. demonstrate a universal dependence of the Landé factors on the bandgap energy of several perovskite materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kirstein
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.
| | - D R Yakovlev
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany. .,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - M M Glazov
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E A Zhukov
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Kudlacik
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - I V Kalitukha
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V F Sapega
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - G S Dimitriev
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M A Semina
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - M O Nestoklon
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - E L Ivchenko
- Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N E Kopteva
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - D N Dirin
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - O Nazarenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - M V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Advanced Materials and Surfaces, Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - A Baumann
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - J Höcker
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - V Dyakonov
- Experimental Physics VI, Julius-Maximilian University of Würzburg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - M Bayer
- Experimentelle Physik 2, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44227, Dortmund, Germany.,Ioffe Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021, St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Garcia-Arellano G, Trippé-Allard G, Campos T, Bernardot F, Legrand L, Garrot D, Deleporte E, Testelin C, Chamarro M. Unexpected Anisotropy of the Electron and Hole Landé g-Factors in Perovskite CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Polycrystalline Films. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12091399. [PMID: 35564108 PMCID: PMC9105229 DOI: 10.3390/nano12091399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we studied, at low temperature, the coherent evolution of the localized electron and hole spins in a polycrystalline film of CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPI) by using a picosecond-photo-induced Faraday rotation technique in an oblique magnetic field. We observed an unexpected anisotropy for the electron and hole spin. We determined the electron and hole Landé factors when the magnetic field was applied in the plane of the film and perpendicular to the exciting light, denoted as transverse ⟂ factors, and when the magnetic field was applied perpendicular to the film and parallel to the exciting light, denoted as parallel ∥ factors. We obtained |ge,⟂|=2.600 ± 0.004, |ge,∥|=1.604 ± 0.033 for the electron and |gh,⟂|=0.406 ± 0.002, |gh,∥|=0.299 ± 0.007 for the hole. Possible origins of this anisotropy are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Garcia-Arellano
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (G.G.-A.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Gaëlle Trippé-Allard
- LuMIn (Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces), CentraleSupélec, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.T.-A.); (T.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Thomas Campos
- LuMIn (Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces), CentraleSupélec, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.T.-A.); (T.C.); (E.D.)
- Institut Photovoltaïque d’Île-de-France (IPVF), F-91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Frédérick Bernardot
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (G.G.-A.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Laurent Legrand
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (G.G.-A.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Damien Garrot
- GEMaC (Groupe d’Etude de la Matière Condensée), CNRS, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, F-78000 Versailles, France;
| | - Emmanuelle Deleporte
- LuMIn (Laboratoire Lumière, Matière et Interfaces), CentraleSupélec, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; (G.T.-A.); (T.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Christophe Testelin
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (G.G.-A.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.C.)
| | - Maria Chamarro
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, F-75005 Paris, France; (G.G.-A.); (F.B.); (C.T.); (M.C.)
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16
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Transient quantum beatings of trions in hybrid organic tri-iodine perovskite single crystal. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1428. [PMID: 35301328 PMCID: PMC8931091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing the spin degree of freedom of photoexcitations in hybrid organic inorganic perovskites for quantum information science applications has been recently proposed and explored. However, it is still unclear whether the stable photoexcitations in these compounds correspond to excitons, free/trapped electron-hole pairs, or charged exciton complexes such as trions. Here we investigate quantum beating oscillations in the picosecond time-resolved circularly polarized photoinduced reflection of single crystal methyl-ammonium tri-iodine perovskite (MAPbI3) measured at cryogenic temperatures. We observe two quantum beating oscillations (fast and slow) whose frequencies increase linearly with B with slopes that depend on the crystal orientation with respect to the applied magnetic field. We assign the quantum beatings to positive and negative trions whose Landé g-factors are determined by those of the electron and hole, respectively, or by the carriers left behind after trion recombination. These are \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${g}_{[001]}^{e}$$\end{document}g[001]e = 2.52 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$${g}_{[1\bar{1}0]}^{e}\,$$\end{document}g[11¯0]e= 2.63 for electrons, whereas \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\big|{g}_{[001]}^{h}\big|\,$$\end{document}g[001]h= 0.28 and \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$\big|{g}_{[1\bar{1}0]}^{h}\big|\,$$\end{document}g[11¯0]h= 0.57 for holes. The obtained g-values are in excellent agreement with an 8-band K.P calculation for orthorhombic MAPbI3. Using the technique of resonant spin amplification of the quantum beatings we measure a relatively long spin coherence time of ~ 11 (6) nanoseconds for electrons (holes) at 4 K. Understanding photo-physics giving rise to quantum beating oscillations in hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites aids their applications in spintronics and quantum information science. Here, authors demonstrate that quantum beatings observed in single crystal perovskite at cryogenic temperatures are originating from positive and negative trions.
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