A Ferrotoroidic Candidate with Well-Separated Spin Chains

Anisotropic 2D van der Waals Magnets Hosting 1D Spin Chains

The exploration of 1D magnetism, frequently portrayed as spin chains, constitutes an actively pursued research field that illuminates fundamental principles in many-body problems and applications in magnonics and spintronics. The inherent reduction in dimensionality often leads to robust spin fluctuations, impacting magnetic ordering and resulting in novel magnetic phenomena. Here, structural, magnetic, and optical properties of highly anisotropic 2D van der Waals antiferromagnets that uniquely host spin chains are explored. First-principle calculations reveal that the weakest interaction is interchain, leading to essentially 1D magnetic behavior in each layer. With the additional degree of freedom arising from its anisotropic structure, the structure is engineered by alloying, varying the 1D spin chain lengths using electron beam irradiation, or twisting for localized patterning, and spin textures are calculated, predicting robust stability of the antiferromagnetic ordering. Comparing with other spin chain magnets, these materials are anticipated to bring fresh perspectives on harvesting low-dimensional magnetism.

Analysis of sandwich graphene origami composite plate sandwiched by piezoelectric/piezomagnetic layers: A higher-order electro-magneto-elastic analysis

This work applies a higher order thickness-stretched model for the electro-elastic analysis of the composite graphene origami reinforced square plate sandwiched by the piezoelectric/piezomagnetic layers subjected to the thermal, electric, magnetic and mechanical loads. The plate is manufactured of a copper matrix reinforced with graphene origami where the effective material properties are calculated based on the micromechanical models as a function of volume fraction and folding degree of graphene origami, material properties of matrix, reinforcement, and local temperature. The governing equations are derived using the virtual work principle in terms of the bending, shear and stretching functions, in-plane displacements, electric, and magnetic potentials. The numerical results including various displacement components, maximum electric, and magnetic potentials are presented with changes of volume fraction, folding degree of reinforcement, electrical, magnetic, and thermal loading. A verification investigation is presented for approve of the methodology, and the solution procedure. The main novelty of this work is simultaneous effect of the thickness stretching and the multi-field loading on the electromagnetic bending results of the sandwich plate. Another novelty of this work is usage of graphene origami nano-reinforcement as a controllable material in a sandwich structure subjected to multi-field loadings. The results show an increase in bending, shear, and stretching deflections with an increase in electromagnetic loads, and folding degree as well as a decrease in volume fraction of reinforcement.

Noise effect on soliton phenomena in fractional stochastic Kraenkel-Manna-Merle system arising in ferromagnetic materials

This work dives into the Conformable Stochastic Kraenkel-Manna-Merle System (CSKMMS), an important mathematical model for exploring phenomena in ferromagnetic materials. A wide spectrum of stochastic soliton solutions that include hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational functions, is generated using a modified version of Extended Direct Algebraic Method (EDAM) namely r+mEDAM. These stochastic soliton solutions have practical relevance for describing magnetic field behaviour in zero-conductivity ferromagnets. By using Maple to generate 2D and 3D graphical representations, the study analyses how stochastic terms and noise impact these soliton solutions. Finally, this study adds to our knowledge of magnetic field behaviour in ferromagnetic materials by shedding light on the effect of noise on soliton processes inside the CSKMMS.

An antiferromagnetic semiconducting FeCN2 monolayer with a large magnetic anisotropy and strong magnetic coupling

Two-dimensional antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials with an intrinsic semiconductivity, a high critical temperature, and a sizable magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) have attracted extensive attention because they show promise for high-performance spintronic nanodevices. Here, we have identified a new FeCN2 monolayer with a unique zigzag Fe chain through first-principles swarm structural search calculations. It is an AFM semiconductor with a direct band gap of 2.04 eV, a Néel temperature (TN) of 176 K, and a large in-plane MAE of 0.50 meV per Fe atom. More interestingly, the intrinsic antiferromagnetism, contributed by the strong magnetic coupling of neighbouring Fe ions, can be maintained under the external biaxial strains. A large cohesive energy and high dynamical stability favor synthesis and application. Therefore, these fascinating properties of the FeCN2 monolayer make it a promising nanoscale spintronic material.

Analysis of XGaO3 (X = Ba and Cs) cubic based perovskite materials for photocatalytic water splitting applications: a DFT study

Energy conversion has become an important technology for meeting energy production and consumption in the modern era. Water splitting and solar cell technologies are projected to close the gap between demand and consumption. Therefore, XGaO₃ (X = Ba and Cs) compounds having characteristics i.e., electrical, optical, mechanical, and structural are depicted by using a density functional theory (DFT) based CASTEP software with ultrasoft pseudo-potential plane-wave and Generalized Gradient Approximation and Perdew Burke Ernzerhof exchange correlation functional (GGA-PBE). According to the findings, all of these compounds have a cubic "pm3m" structure with space group 221. The CsGaO₃ and BaGaO₃ have direct and indirect band gaps, with respect to electronic band-structure recreations. Density of states like total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) commend the extent of localization of electrons in numerous bands. The optical properties of these compounds are explored by adjusting dispersion curve/relation for theoretical dielectric function (DF) scale to the corresponding peaks. As a result, these materials could be used to consume light in the visible zone via photo catalysis. CsGaO₃ in combination with BaGaO₃ can produce effective results, so these compounds have a remarkable potential application for sensing and water splitting.

Lithium-based perovskites materials for photovoltaic solar cell and protective rays window applications: a first-principle calculations

Perovskites are the key enabler materials for the solar cell applications in the achievement of high performance and low production costs. In this article, the structural, mechanical, electronic, and optical properties of rubidium-based cubic nature perovskite LiHfO₃ and LiZnO₃ are investigated. These properties are investigated using density-functional theory with the aid of CASTEP software by introducing ultrasoft pseudo-potential plane-wave (USPPPW) and GG-approximation-PB-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functionals. It is investigated that the proposed compounds exhibit stable cubic phase and meet the criteria of mechanical stability by the estimated elastic properties. Also, according to Pugh's criterion, it is noted that LiHfO₃ is ductile and LiZnO₃ is brittle. Furthermore, the electronic band structure investigation of LiHfO₃ and LiZnO₃ shows that they have indirect bandgap (BG). Moreover, the BG analysis of the proposed materials shows that these are easily accessible. Also, the results for partial density of states (DOS) and total DOS confirm the degree of a localized electron in the distinct band. In addition, the optical transitions in the compounds are examined by fitting the damping ratio for the notional dielectric functions scaling to the appropriate peaks. At absolute zero temperature, the materials are observed as semiconductors. Therefore, it is evident from the analysis that the proposed compounds are excellent candidates for solar cells and protective rays applications.

First-principles calculations to investigate structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties of radium based cubic fluoro-perovskite materials

Perovskite materials play a vital role in the field of material science via experimental as well as theoretical calculations. Radium semiconductor materials are considered the backbone of medical fields. These materials are considered in high technological fields to be used as controlling the decay ability. In this study, radium-based cubic fluoro-perovskite XRaF₃ (where X = Rb and Na) are calculated using a DFT (density functional theory). These compounds are cubic nature with 221 space groups that construct on CASTEP (Cambridge-serial-total-energy-package) software with ultra-soft PPPW (pseudo-potential plane-wave) and GGA (Generalized-Gradient-approximation)-PBE (Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof) exchange-correlation functional. The structural, optical, electronic, and mechanical properties of the compounds are calculated. According to the structural properties, NaRaF₃ and RbRaF₃ have a direct bandgap with 3.10eV and 4.187eV of NaRaF₃ and RbRaF₃, respectively. Total density of states (DOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) provide confirmation to the degree of electrons localized in distinct bands. NaRaF₃ material is semiconductors and RbRaF₃ is insulator, according to electronic results. The imaginary element dispersion of the dielectric function reveals its wide variety of energy transparency. In both compounds, the optical transitions are examined by fitting the damping ratio for the notional dielectric function scaling to the appropriate peaks. The absorption and the conductivity of NaRaF₃ compound is better than the RbRaF₃ compound which make it suitable for the solar cell applications increasing the efficiency and work function. We observed that both compounds are mechanically stable with cubic structure. The criteria for the mechanical stability of compounds are also met by the estimated elastic results. These compounds have potential application in field of solar cell and medical.

Objectives

The band gap, absorption and the conductivity are necessary conditions for potential applications. Here, literature was reviewed to check computational translational insight into the relationships between absorption and conductivity for solar cell and medical applications of novel RbRaF₃ and NaRaF₃ compounds.

Obtaining the soliton solutions of local M-fractional magneto-electro-elastic media

In this research paper, the generalized projective Riccati equations method (GPREM) is applied successfully to procure the soliton solutions of the local M-fractional longitudinal wave equation (LWE) arising in mathematical physics with dispersion caused by the transverse Poisson's effect in a magneto-electro-elastic circular rod (MEECR). Applying a wave transformation to the local M-fractional LWE, the equation can be turned into a set of algebraic equations. Solving the algebraic equation system, we procure the soliton solutions of the local M-fractional LWE. Both the obtained solution functions in the study and the graphical simulations depicted for these functions. It will assist researchers working in this field in the physical interpretation of this equation. Moreover, the reported solutions propose a rich platform to examine the local M-fractional LWE.