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Manzoor M, Behera D, Sharma R, Moayad A, Al-Kahtani AA, Anil Kumar Y. Comprehensive first principles to investigate optoelectronic and transport phenomenon of lead-free double perovskites Ba 2AsBO 6 (B[bond, double bond]Nb, Ta) compounds. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30109. [PMID: 38699010 PMCID: PMC11064438 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In the current work we studied the structural, elastics, electrical, optical, thermoelectric, as well as spectroscopic limited maximum efficiency (SLME) of oxide based Ba2AsBO6 (B[bond, double bond]Nb, Ta) materials. All the calculations were performed using first-principles calculation by employing the WIEN2k code. We checked the stability in diverse forms such as optimization, phonon dispersion, mechanical, formation energy, cohesive energy, and thermal stability is computed. The semiconducting nature of these Ba2AsBO6 (B[bond, double bond]Nb, Ta) systems is revealed by calculating the direct band gap values are 1.97 eV and 1.49 eV respectively. Additionally, we determined the optical properties which analyze the utmost absorption and transition of carriers versus photon energy (eV). Moreover, Ba2AsNbO6 has an estimated SLME of 32 %, making it an encouraging alternative for single-junction solar cells. Lastly, we studied the transport properties against temperature, the chemical potential for p-type and n-type charge carriers at various temperatures. At 300 K, the zT values are found to be 0.757 and 0.751 for Ba2AsBO6 (B[bond, double bond]Nb, Ta) compounds respectively. Both materials were examined as having strong absorption patterns and an excellent figure of merit (ZT), indicating that materials are appropriate for daily life applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtaz Manzoor
- Institute of physics, Slovak Academy of Science, Dubravska Cesta 9, 84507, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Debidatta Behera
- Department of Physics Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, 835215, Jharkhand, India
| | - Ramesh Sharma
- Department of Applied Science, Feroze Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology, Raebareli, 229001, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A.J.A. Moayad
- Department of Materials Science, Malawi University of Science and Technology P.O Box 5196, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Kahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yedluri Anil Kumar
- Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 602105, Tamilnadu, India
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Gaume M, Loiselet K, Chekir H, Langlais T, Boddaert N, Stricker S, Pannier S, Skalli W, Miladi L, Vergari C. Evidence of spinal stiffening following fusionless bipolar fixation for neuromuscular scoliosis: a shear wave elastography assessment of lumbar annulus fibrosus. Eur Spine J 2024; 33:1617-1623. [PMID: 37924389 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-08013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There are no established criteria for stiffness after fusionless surgery for neuromuscular scoliosis (NMS). As a result, there is no consensus regarding the surgical strategy to propose at long-term follow-up. This study reports the first use of shear wave elastography for assessing the mechanical response of lumbar intervertebral discs (IVDs) after fusionless bipolar fixation (FBF) for NMS and compares them with healthy controls. The aim was to acquire evidence from the stiffness of the spine following FBF. PATIENTS AND METHODS Nineteen NMS operated on with FBF (18 ± 2y at last follow-up, 6 ± 1 y after surgery) were included prospectively. Preoperative Cobb was 89 ± 20° and 35 ± 1° at latest follow-up. All patients had reached skeletal maturity. Eighteen healthy patients (20 ± 4 y) were also included. Shear wave speed (SWS) was measured in the annulus fibrosus of L3L4, L4L5 and L5S1 IVDs and compared between the two groups. A measurement reliability was performed. RESULTS In healthy subjects, average SWS (all disc levels pooled) was 7.5 ± 2.6 m/s. In NMS patients, SWS was significantly higher at 9.9 ± 1.4 m/s (p < 0.05). Differences were significant between L3L4 (9.3 ± 1.8 m/s vs. 7.0 ± 2.5 m/s, p = 0.004) and L4L5 (10.3 ± 2.3 m/s vs. 7.1 ± 1.1 m/s, p = 0.0006). No difference was observed for L5S1 (p = 0.2). No correlation was found with age at surgery, Cobb angle correction and age at the SWE measurement. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a significant increase in disc stiffness at the end of growth for NMS patients treated by FBF. These findings are a useful adjunct to CT-scan in assessing stiffness of the spine allowing the avoidance of surgical final fusion at skeletal maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gaume
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France.
- Arts Et Métiers Institute of Technology, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France.
- Necker Hospital, 149 Rue de Sevres, 75015, Paris, France.
| | - Klervie Loiselet
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Hedi Chekir
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Langlais
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
- Arts Et Métiers Institute of Technology, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Nathalie Boddaert
- Pediatric Radiology Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Stricker
- Neurosurgery Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphanie Pannier
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Wafa Skalli
- Arts Et Métiers Institute of Technology, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
| | - Lotfi Miladi
- Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery Department, Necker University Hospital, APHP, University of Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Claudio Vergari
- Arts Et Métiers Institute of Technology, Institut de Biomécanique Humaine Georges Charpak, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Paris, France
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Poudrel AS, Bouffandeau A, Demeet OL, Rosi G, Nguyen VH, Haiat G. Characterization of the concentration of agar-based soft tissue mimicking phantoms by impact analysis. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 152:106465. [PMID: 38377641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2024.106465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In various medical fields, a change of soft tissue stiffness is associated with its physio-pathological evolution. While elastography is extensively employed to assess soft tissue stiffness in vivo, its application requires a complex and expensive technology. The aim of this study is to determine whether an easy-to-use method based on impact analysis can be employed to determine the concentration of agar-based soft tissue mimicking phantoms. Impact analysis was performed on soft tissue mimicking phantoms made of agar gel with a mass concentration ranging from 1% to 5%. An indicator Δt is derived from the temporal variation of the impact force signal between the hammer and a small beam in contact with the sample. The results show a non-linear decrease of Δt as a function of the agar concentration (and thus of the sample stiffness). The value of Δt provides an estimation of the agar concentration with an error of 0.11%. This sensitivity of the impact analysis based method to the agar concentration is of the same order of magnitude than results obtained with elastography techniques. This study opens new paths towards the development of impact analysis for a fast, easy and relatively inexpensive clinical evaluation of soft tissue elastic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Poudrel
- CNRS, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Arthur Bouffandeau
- CNRS, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Oriane Le Demeet
- CNRS, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Giuseppe Rosi
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, UMR 8208, MSME, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Vu-Hieu Nguyen
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, UMR 8208, MSME, F-94010 Créteil, France
| | - Guillaume Haiat
- CNRS, Univ Paris Est Creteil, Univ Gustave Eiffel, UMR 8208, MSME, F-94010 Créteil, France.
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Kumar J, Tanwar P, Paliwal U, Joshi KB. Ab initio study of elastic, electronic, and vibrational properties of SnTe and PbTe. J Mol Model 2023; 29:335. [PMID: 37816921 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05742-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND RESULTS The elastic, electronic, and vibrational properties of the ground state of the rocksalt SnTe and PbTe are investigated. The deduced elastic constants, namely, shear modulus, Young's modulus, and Poisson's ratio are in very good agreement with the experimental and other theoretical data. The electronic band structure and density of states are obtained with and without considering the spin-orbit coupling. The bandgaps of SnTe and PbTe with (without) spin-orbit coupling are 0.11 (0.05) eV and 0.01 (0.78) eV, respectively. The bandgaps with spin-orbit interactions are nearer to experimental data. The hybrid functionals give higher values of bandgaps for both the SnTe and PbTe. In both compounds, the bandgap increases with volume. The valence bandwidths, however, decrease with increasing volume. The vibrational frequencies are found in reasonable agreement with the experiment. The frequencies increase with pressure. COMPUTATIONAL METHOD In this work, the ab initio calculations of SnTe and PbTe crystals are carried out applying plane wave pseudopotential method using the QUANTUM ESPRESSO package. The PBE exchange and correlation functional based on GGA is considered. The fully relativistic norm-conserving pseudopotentials for Sn, Pb, and Te are used. The self-consistent field calculations are performed over a dense MP net of 18 × 18 × 18 k-points. The energy cut-off of 70 Ryd was found sufficient to achieve convergence of 10-6 Ryd in total energy of the crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Kumar
- Department of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342011, India
| | - Pradeep Tanwar
- Department of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342011, India
| | - Uttam Paliwal
- Department of Physics, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, 342011, India.
| | - K B Joshi
- Department of Physics, ML Sukhadia University, Udaipur, 313001, India
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M H, R.D E. Investigations on the thermoelectric and thermodynamic properties of quaternary coinage metal HgSBr. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19438. [PMID: 37810057 PMCID: PMC10558493 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the findings of a thorough first-principles analysis of physical parameters related to the ground state, elastic, electronic, optical, thermodynamic, and transport properties of the quaternary coinage metal-based compound CuHgSBr using the WIEN2k package. The computed equilibrium lattice parameters align well with their experimental equivalents, providing strong support for the validity of the findings. We performed numerical and computational calculations to estimate the elastic constants for the orthorhombic structure with space group Pbam. The band structure analysis of CuHgSBr reveals an indirect band gap semiconductor of 0.76 eV, classifying it as a p-type semiconductor. We also calculated the optical properties within the energy range of 0-13.56 eV. Moreover, we investigated the effective mass, exciton binding energy, and exciton Bohr radius, which indicated that CuHgSBr exhibits a weak exciton binding energy and belongs to the Mott-Wannier type exciton category. Using the Boltzmann transport theory, along with the constant relaxation time and Slack equations, we determined the thermoelectric properties and lattice thermal conductivity of CuHgSBr. Notably, the figure of merit at 800 K is calculated to be 0.54, which is encouraging for potential thermoelectric applications. The comprehensive research study we conducted provides valuable insights for experimental research across multiple physical properties, as the material is being theoretically examined for the first time in this full prospectus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hariharan M
- Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Eithiraj R.D
- Division of Physics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Chennai, 600127, Tamil Nadu, India
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El-Ghazzawy EH, Zakaly HM, Alrowaily AW, Saafan SA, Ene A, Abo-aita NM, Darwish MA, Zhou D, Atlam AS. Delving into the properties of nanostructured Mg ferrite and PEG composites: A comparative study on structure, electrical conductivity, and dielectric relaxation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19745. [PMID: 37809960 PMCID: PMC10559071 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) are materials known for their versatility in various applications. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the electrical conductivity and dielectric relaxation of nanostructured MgFe2O4 and its composites with PEG. Through experimentation, it was observed that incorporating PEG into MgFe2O4 did not lead to a high relative observed decrease or increase in electrical conductivity at room temperature. The study revealed that the composites maintained stable electrical behavior at room temperature, with a dielectric constant value of around 9 and a loss tangent value of around 0.1 at high frequency (around 7 MHz). The electron-hole hopping mechanism was identified as the underlying cause for the strong dielectric dispersion with frequency. The low dielectric loss and conductivity of the MgFe2O4 and PEG/ferrite composites make them promising candidates for high-frequency switching applications and microelectronic devices, particularly in scenarios where negligible eddy currents are essential. Additionally, complex impedance data analysis demonstrated that the capacitive and resistive properties of the composites are primarily attributed to grain boundary processes. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the electrical and dielectric properties of MgFe2O4 and PEG composites and highlights their potential for many applications in materials science, particularly in electrical and electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hesham M.H. Zakaly
- Istinye University, Computer Engineering Department, Istanbul, 34396, Turkey
- Institute of Physics and Technology, Ural Federal University, 620002, Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Albandari W. Alrowaily
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia A. Saafan
- Physics Department, Tanta University, Al-Geish st., Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - Antoaneta Ene
- INPOLDE Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Environment, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 47 Domneasca Street, 800008, Galati, Romania
| | - Nagat M. Abo-aita
- Physics Department, Tanta University, Al-Geish st., Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | | | - Di Zhou
- Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education & International Center for Dielectric Research, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Ahmed S. Atlam
- Physics Department, Tanta University, Al-Geish st., Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Fisher JW, Miller SW, Bartolai J, Simpson TW, Yukish MA. Catalog of triply periodic minimal surfaces, equation-based lattice structures, and their homogenized property data. Data Brief 2023; 49:109311. [PMID: 37600121 PMCID: PMC10439271 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2023.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of lattice structure in the Design for Additive Manufacturing (DfAM) engineering practice offers the ability to tailor the properties (and therefore the response) of an engineered component independent of the material and overall geometry. The selection of a lattice topology is critical in maximizing the value of the lattice structure and its unique properties for the intended application. To support this, we have compiled a catalog of lattice structures from the literature that includes all Triply Periodic Minimal Surfaces (TPMS) for which a low-order Fourier series fit is known (so that they can be modeled and manufactured). We also include equations that do not directly correspond to known TPMS but do produce a triply periodic structure without sharp corners that would give rise to stress concentrations. This catalog includes images, elastic mechanical property data, and CAD models useful for the visualization, selection, and implementation of these lattice structures for any engineered structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Fisher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Simon W Miller
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Joseph Bartolai
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16803, USA
| | - Timothy W Simpson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Michael A Yukish
- Applied Research Laboratory, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16803, USA
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Lassnig A, Zak S. Precise determination of Young's modulus of amorphous CuZr/nanocrystalline Cu multilayer via nanoindentation. J Mater Res 2023; 38:3324-3335. [PMID: 37485024 PMCID: PMC10356677 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-023-01057-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Extracting mechanical data of thin films on rigid substrates using nanoindentation is compromised by the mechanical properties of underlying substrates, which may falsify the obtained results. With ongoing miniaturization, the substrate influence becomes more pronounced. In this study we present an experimental approach to extract the true Young's modulus of crystalline-amorphous multilayers by means of nanoindentation. We used 1 µm thick multilayers comprised of amorphous CuZr and nanocrystalline Cu. All films were deposited onto two rigid substrate types with Young's moduli below and above the ones expected for the deposits (film-to-substrate hardness and elastic moduli ratios between 0.3 to 1.1 and 0.6 to 1.5, respectively). Linear extrapolation of indentation data to zero indentation depth allows to precisely determine the real film's Young's modulus. Same investigations were performed on monolithic Cu and CuZr films of same thickness. While the hardness values change with the variation of the bilayer thickness of the multilayer structures, the Young's modulus is not affected by the interfaces. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lassnig
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria
| | - Stanislav Zak
- Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science, Austrian Academy of Sciences, 8700 Leoben, Austria
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Tao YL, Gao J, Liu QJ, Liu ZT. Structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of NaAlSi 3O 8 and Al 4[Si 4O 10](OH) 8 from first-principles calculations. J Mol Model 2023; 29:111. [PMID: 36964861 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-023-05508-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Based on the first-principles calculations, this paper investigates the structural, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of albite and kaolinite, respectively. It is determined that both of them show structural stability, mechanical stability, and brittleness by calculating formation enthalpy, phonon dispersion, elastic, and mechanically relevant properties. Both materials are insulators with an indirect bandgap. By calculating the TDOS and PDOS, the main characteristics of the electronic structure of NaAlSi3O8 come from O-2p and Si-3p states, O-2p, and Al-3p states hybridization, similar to Al4[Si4O10](OH)8. The covalence of Si-O bonds in NaAlSi3O8 is greater than Al-O bonds, and the covalent property sequence of Si-O bands in NaAlSi3O8 is Si2-O3 > Si1-O4 > Si2-O2 > Si1-O8 > Si1-O6 > Si3-O2 > Si3-O4. The optical anisotropy of NaAlSi3O8 and Al4[Si4O10](OH)8 is analyzed. METHODS First-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation was carried out by the CASTEP computer program. The GGA-PW91 exchange-correlation was used. The energy convergence tolerance, the maximum force, and the maximum displacement were set in the calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Le Tao
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Gao
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Jun Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zheng-Tang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
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Asiri AM, Shahzad MK, Hussain S, Zhu K, Khan SB, Alamry KA, Alfifi SY, Marwani HM. Analysis of XGaO 3 (X = Ba and Cs) cubic based perovskite materials for photocatalytic water splitting applications: a DFT study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14112. [PMID: 36925547 PMCID: PMC10011483 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy conversion has become an important technology for meeting energy production and consumption in the modern era. Water splitting and solar cell technologies are projected to close the gap between demand and consumption. Therefore, XGaO3 (X = Ba and Cs) compounds having characteristics i.e., electrical, optical, mechanical, and structural are depicted by using a density functional theory (DFT) based CASTEP software with ultrasoft pseudo-potential plane-wave and Generalized Gradient Approximation and Perdew Burke Ernzerhof exchange correlation functional (GGA-PBE). According to the findings, all of these compounds have a cubic "pm3m" structure with space group 221. The CsGaO3 and BaGaO3 have direct and indirect band gaps, with respect to electronic band-structure recreations. Density of states like total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) commend the extent of localization of electrons in numerous bands. The optical properties of these compounds are explored by adjusting dispersion curve/relation for theoretical dielectric function (DF) scale to the corresponding peaks. As a result, these materials could be used to consume light in the visible zone via photo catalysis. CsGaO3 in combination with BaGaO3 can produce effective results, so these compounds have a remarkable potential application for sensing and water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah M Asiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Khuram Shahzad
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.,Center of Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shoukat Hussain
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.,Center of Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Kai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Sher Bahadar Khan
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Ahmad Alamry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soliman Y Alfifi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hadi M Marwani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80203, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Slagter A, Everaerts J, Mortensen A. Nanoindentation of embedded particles. J Mater Res 2023; 38:1694-1705. [PMID: 37034432 PMCID: PMC10070221 DOI: 10.1557/s43578-023-00920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
We address the effect of elastic inhomogeneity on elastic modulus and hardness determinations made by depth-sensing indentations performed on individual particles embedded within a matrix of different elastic modulus. Finite element simulations and nanoindentation experiments are used to quantify the consequences of particle/matrix elastic inhomogeneity and we propose an adaptation of the Oliver-Pharr method that gives access to particle properties knowing those of the matrix. The method is suitable for any combination of matrix and particle elastic modulus and for any type of indenter, provided that the area of the tested particles along the surface of the sample is measured and that a large number of particles are probed. Further conditions for the implementation of the method are that testing conditions be such (i) that permanent deformation of the matrix is avoided, and (ii) that permanent deformation in each probed particle under the indenter is not affected by the matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Slagter
- Mechanical Metallurgy Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, MXD 140 (Bâtiment MXD), Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Joris Everaerts
- Mechanical Metallurgy Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, MXD 140 (Bâtiment MXD), Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Present Address: Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 Box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Andreas Mortensen
- Mechanical Metallurgy Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, MXD 140 (Bâtiment MXD), Station 12, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Shahzad MK, Hussain S, Farooq MU, Laghari RA, Bilal MH, Khan SA, Tahir MB, Khalil A, Rehman JU, Ali MM. First-principles calculations to investigate structural, electronic, elastic and optical properties of radium based cubic fluoro-perovskite materials. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13687. [PMID: 36873152 PMCID: PMC9975092 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Perovskite materials play a vital role in the field of material science via experimental as well as theoretical calculations. Radium semiconductor materials are considered the backbone of medical fields. These materials are considered in high technological fields to be used as controlling the decay ability. In this study, radium-based cubic fluoro-perovskite XRaF3 (where X = Rb and Na) are calculated using a DFT (density functional theory). These compounds are cubic nature with 221 space groups that construct on CASTEP (Cambridge-serial-total-energy-package) software with ultra-soft PPPW (pseudo-potential plane-wave) and GGA (Generalized-Gradient-approximation)-PBE (Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof) exchange-correlation functional. The structural, optical, electronic, and mechanical properties of the compounds are calculated. According to the structural properties, NaRaF3 and RbRaF3 have a direct bandgap with 3.10eV and 4.187eV of NaRaF3 and RbRaF3, respectively. Total density of states (DOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) provide confirmation to the degree of electrons localized in distinct bands. NaRaF3 material is semiconductors and RbRaF3 is insulator, according to electronic results. The imaginary element dispersion of the dielectric function reveals its wide variety of energy transparency. In both compounds, the optical transitions are examined by fitting the damping ratio for the notional dielectric function scaling to the appropriate peaks. The absorption and the conductivity of NaRaF3 compound is better than the RbRaF3 compound which make it suitable for the solar cell applications increasing the efficiency and work function. We observed that both compounds are mechanically stable with cubic structure. The criteria for the mechanical stability of compounds are also met by the estimated elastic results. These compounds have potential application in field of solar cell and medical. Objectives The band gap, absorption and the conductivity are necessary conditions for potential applications. Here, literature was reviewed to check computational translational insight into the relationships between absorption and conductivity for solar cell and medical applications of novel RbRaF3 and NaRaF3 compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khuram Shahzad
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.,Center of Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shoukat Hussain
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | | | - Rashid Ali Laghari
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Intelligent Manufacturing and Robotics, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Hamza Bilal
- Research Center for Nanomaterials and Energy Technology, Sunway University Malaysia
| | - Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal Tahir
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.,Center of Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khalil
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan
| | - Jalil Ur Rehman
- Institute of Physics, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan 64200, Pakistan.,Center of Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Ali
- Department of Mechatronic Engineering, Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.,Centre for Mathematical Modeling and Intelligent Systems for Health and Environment (MISHE), Atlantic Technological University Sligo, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland
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13
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Zhao XH, Wang F, Hu DY, Lu LM, Li L, Tang TY, Tang YL. Effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structural, elastic, and optoelectronic properties of vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs 2PdBr 6. J Mol Model 2022; 28:337. [PMID: 36180751 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The vacancy-ordered double perovskite Cs2PdBr6 has the advantages of good optoelectronic properties, environmental friendliness, and high stability. It has been experimentally confirmed by researchers as an optoelectronic material with broad application prospects and research value, and is regarded as a potential substitute for lead halide perovskites. In this paper, based on the first-principles calculations in the framework of density functional theory, the crystal structure, elastic, electronic, and optical properties of Cs2PdBr6 under hydrostatic pressure of 0-6 GPa have been investigated with a step size of 0.5 GPa. The calculated results obtained under the condition of 0 GPa hydrostatic pressure are in good agreement with the existing experimental values. When the hydrostatic pressure is applied, the crystal structure parameters of Cs2PdBr6 appear nonlinear changes, but it can still maintain a stable cubic crystal structure. With the increase of pressure, the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and Young's modulus of Cs2PdBr6 increase gradually, and its ductility also improves gradually. Hydrostatic pressure can reduce the bandgap value of Cs2PdBr6, thereby enhancing the optoelectronic properties such as absorption and conductivity. In summary, hydrostatic pressure can change the bandgap value of Cs2PdBr6, improve its optoelectronic performance, and make it more suitable for use as the light-absorbing layer in solar cells.
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14
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Su YY, Liu XC, Zhou WX, Ao Y, Fan DH, Tang B, Hong D, Liu QJ. The structural, mechanical and electronic properties of Ti-Al-based compounds by first-principles calculations. J Mol Model 2022; 28:303. [PMID: 36070097 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05299-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The first-principles calculations with density functional theory were performed to investigate the effects of transition metal elements (Mo, Cu, Fe, Ni and Nb) on the physical properties of the Ti-Al-based compounds. Our optimized crystal parameters are in good agreement with the previous theoretical and experimental values. The mechanical stability is verified by the independent elastic constants. The B/G and Poisson's ratio ν both show that Al6TiMo is brittle, while other compounds exhibit ductility. The values of compression anisotropy of the compounds are small, but the shear anisotropy of AlCu2Ti and AlNi2Ti is much more intense than that of other compounds. The anisotropy in elastic properties of AlFe2Ti and AlNbTi2 is smaller than that of the others. It can be seen that the capacity to compress along c-axis is smaller than that along a-axis and b-axis for AlNbTi2. For AlNbTi2, the anisotropy of the bulk modulus along a-axis relative to b-axis is more insignificant than that along c-axis relative to b-axis. The hardness and Debye temperature verify that AlFe2Ti has the greatest resistance to the plastic deformation and more intense inter-atomic bonding force, respectively. Band structures and DOS are used to investigate the electronic properties. The band structures without band gaps show that these ternary Ti-Al-based compounds are conductors. DOS shows the interactions between elements and gives the bond properties. Density of states and charge density both show the strong covalent properties of AlFe2Ti by the hybridization between Fe-3d and Ti-3d states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Yu Su
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Chen Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Xuan Zhou
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ao
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dai-He Fan
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hong
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi-Jun Liu
- Bond and Band Engineering Group, School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Peña JA, Cilla M, Martínez MA, Peña E. Biomechanical characterization and constitutive modeling of the layer-dissected residual strains and mechanical properties of abdominal porcine aorta. J Biomech 2022; 132:110909. [PMID: 35032837 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We analyze the residual stresses and mechanical properties of layer-dissected infrarenal abdominal aorta (IAA). We measured the axial pre-stretch and opening angle and performed uniaxial tests to study and compare the mechanical behavior of both intact and layer-dissected porcine IAA samples under physiological loads. Finally, some of the most popular anisotropic hyperelastic constitutive models (GOH and microfiber models) were proposed to estimate the mechanical properties of the abdominal aorta by least-square fitting of the recorded in-vitro uniaxial test results. The results show that the residual stresses are layer dependent. In all cases, we found that the OA in the media layer is lower than in the whole artery, the intima and the adventitia. For the axial pre-stretch, we found that the adventitia and the media were slightly stretched in the environment of the intact arterial strip, whereas the intima appears to be compressed. Regarding the mechanical properties, the media seems to be the softest layer over the whole deformation domain showing high anisotropy, while the intima and adventitia exhibit considerable stiffness and a lower anisotropy response. Finally, all the hyperelastic anisotropic models considered in this study provided a reasonable approximation of the experimental data. The GOH model showed the best fitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A Peña
- Department of Management and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Zaragoza, Spain; Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M Cilla
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Academia General Militar, Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martínez
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Estefanía Peña
- Applied Mechanics and Bioengineering, Aragón Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Spain; CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain.
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Trzaskowska A, Mielcarek S, Wiesner M, Lombardi F, Mroz B. Dispersion of the surface phonons in semiconductor/topological insulator Si/Bi 2Te 3 heterostructure studied by high resolution Brillouin spectroscopy. Ultrasonics 2021; 117:106526. [PMID: 34303926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The dynamics and dispersion of surface phonons in heterostructure semiconductor/ topological insulator Si/Bi2Te3 was investigated using high resolution Brillouin light scattering method in the GHz frequency range. Both Rayleigh and Sezawa surface acoustic waves have been observed for wave vectors ranging from 0.006 to 0.023 nm-1. Anomaly in dispersion relations ω(q) for both surface waves were detected for the wave vector q = 0.016 nm-1. The finite element method (FEM) was used to simulate the observed shapes of ω(q) and to find the deformation profiles of surface acoustic waves. We attribute the observed changes to the coupling between low energy electrons and surface phonons. The coupling between helical Dirac states and surface phonons is discussed in the frame of accessible theoretical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trzaskowska
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland.
| | - S Mielcarek
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Wiesner
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - F Lombardi
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - B Mroz
- Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 2, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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17
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Novir SB, Aram MR. Quantum mechanical investigations of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of SiC and ZrO 2 ceramics. J Mol Model 2021; 27:269. [PMID: 34458955 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04878-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The mechanical and thermodynamic properties of β and α structures of SiC and also monoclinic and cubic structures of ZrO2 have been considered via first-principles investigations based on the ultrasoft pseudopotential plane-wave DFT method. The calculated lattice constants, elastic constants, and mechanical properties of all the structures are in agreement with earlier DFT works and experimental reports, which show that the applied method is applicable. Also, the pressure-dependency performances of thermodynamic and mechanical properties of cubic structures of ZrO2 and SiC, from 0 to 50 Gpa pressure, have been studied. The obtained elastic constants and mechanical properties of both structures increase with the enhancement of pressure. These results show that SiC is more difficult to be compacted as pressure increases. The thermodynamic properties of these structures show that variations of thermodynamic properties with temperature and pressure for ZrO2 are slightly higher than SiC.
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18
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Torres-Sanchez C, Norrito M, Almushref FR, Conway PP. The impact of multimodal pore size considered independently from porosity on mechanical performance and osteogenic behaviour of titanium scaffolds. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 124:112026. [PMID: 33947533 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Titanium porous scaffolds comprising multimodal pore ranges (i.e., uni-, bi-, tri-modal and random) were studied to evaluate the effect of pore size on osteoblastogenesis. The scaffolds were manufactured using spaceholder-powder metallurgy, and porosity and pore size were kept independent. Their mechanical and physical properties (i.e., stiffness, strength, total and open porosity) were determined. In a first step, unimodal porous samples were tested with a mouse osteoblastic clonal cell line to ascertain pore size and porosity effects on cellular behaviour. Their proliferation (via cell number and total protein content), differentiation (via ALP enzyme levels) and maturation potency (with gene markers (Runx2, osteocalcin) and cytoplasmatic calcium) were investigated. In a second step informed by the previous results, multimodal scaffolds were shortlisted according to a set of criteria that included stiffness similar to that of cortical or trabecular bone, high strength and high open porosity. Their bioactivity performance was then studied to assess the benefits of mixing different pore ranges. The study concludes that pre-osteoblasts cultivated in unimodal microstructures with a pore range 106-212 μm of 36% total (actual) porosity and 300-500 μm of 55% total (actual) porosity achieved the largest extent of maturation. Bimodal microstructures comprising small (106-212 μm) and large (300-500 μm) pore ranges, distinctively distributed within the volume, and 40% (actual) porosity outperformed others, including multimodal (i.e. three or more pore ranges) and non-porous samples. They displayed a synergistic effect over the unimodal distributions. This should be a consideration in the design of scaffolds for implantation and bioengineering applications.
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19
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Chen B, Liu C, Lin M, Deng W, Zhang Z. Effects of body postures on the shear modulus of thoracolumbar fascia: a shear wave elastography study. Med Biol Eng Comput 2021; 59:383-90. [PMID: 33495983 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed to use shear wave elastography (SWE) to study the relationship between shear modulus and different body postures of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) and acquire physiologically meaningful information from the stiffness-posture graph to better quantify passive flexion responses. Seven passive postures were defined to evaluate the shear modulus of right side TLF at the third and fourth lumbar vertebra levels (L3 and L4) in twenty healthy male subjects. The TLF stiffness was significantly different among different postures (p < 0.001), and the TLF stiffness at L3 was always less than that at L4 (p < 0.001). As the forward tilt increased from 0 to 60°, the TLF stiffness increased in sitting and standing postures by 54.01% and 192.84%. In the neutral postures, the TLF stiffness in standing and sitting postures was 66.98% and 165.48% higher than that in rest posture. The above results show that the elastic properties of TLF play an important role in maintaining body static posture and that the forward tilt and sitting postures are likely to induce low back pain (LBP). In conclusion, this study provides preliminary in vivo data for the relationship between body postures and TLF stiffness.
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20
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Ciftci YO, Evecen M, Alp İO. Pressure effects on electronic, elastic, and vibration properties of metallic antiperovskite PbNCa 3 by ab initio calculations. J Mol Model 2021; 27:7. [PMID: 33392710 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04656-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio computations are performed to study the structural, elastic, electronic, and vibrational characteristics of the cubic antiperovskite compound PbNCa3 under pressure up to 50 GPa. By using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA), the equilibrium structural parameters, energy band structure, density of states, elastic properties, and phonon frequencies for PbNCa3 have been examined. We have obtained some concerned feature as Young modulus and Poisson ratio for this compound using the elastic parameters. The computed elastic constant values show that PbNCa3 is stable up to 30 GPa as mechanically. To assess the stability of this compound dynamically, we have investigated the one-phonon DOS and phonon dispersion relations under pressure. Our results indicate that the calculated structural parameter values at 0 GPa are in accord with the existing data.
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21
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Sarwan M, M FS, Singh S. An analysis of structural phase transition and allied properties of cubic ReN and MoN compounds. J Mol Model 2020; 27:1. [PMID: 33294944 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04615-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The present work aims at the study of structural, elastic, electronic, and thermodynamic properties of transition metal nitrides: ReN and MoN in the zinc-blende (B3) phase. The plane wave pseudopotential and norm-conserving pseudopotential have been applied in Quantum-Espresso code based on density-functional theory (DFT). The results show a first-order phase transition from B3 to B1 (rock-salt) structure at 42 GPa and 2.5 GPa for ReN and MoN respectively. The elastic behaviors of these compounds are also unfolded in this work. The brittleness of the ReN and ductility of MoN is identified with the help of Pugh's index and Poisson's ratio. The strong anisotropic behaviors of both compounds are detected under the influence of pressure. The electronic and bonding features of proposed compounds are evaluated by means of band structures, the density of states (DOS), Fermi surface, and charge density plots. The obtained results forecast the metallic behavior and ionic bonding of ReN and MoN in both phases: B3 and B1. Additionally, various thermodynamic properties are also investigated under high pressures and temperatures (from 0 to 2000 K). Conceivably, these properties are reported for the first time in the B3 structure of these compounds and will be useful for many applications in modern technologies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Sarwan
- Department of Physics, Government College Harrai, Chindwara, M.P., India.
| | | | - Sadhna Singh
- Department of Physics, Barkatullah University, Bhopal, M.P., 462026, India
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22
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Wang X, Zhu H, Lu Y, Wang Z, Kennedy D. The elastic properties and deformation mechanisms of actin filament networks crosslinked by filamins. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104075. [PMID: 32942229 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
As a substructure of cell cytoskeleton, the crosslinked actin filament networks (CAFNs) play a major role in different cell functions, however, the elastic properties and the deformation mechanisms of CAFNs still remain to be understood. In this paper, a novel three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) model has been developed to mimic the mechanical properties of actin filament (F-actin) networks crosslinked by filamin A (FLNA). The simulation results indicate that although the Young's modulus of CAFNs varies in different directions for each random model, the statistical mean value is in-plane isotropic. The crosslinking density and the actin filament volume fraction are found to strongly affect the in-plane shear modulus of CAFNs. The simulation results agree well with the relevant experimental results. In addition, an L-shaped cantilever beam model has been developed for dimensional analysis on the shear stiffness of CAFNs and for quantifying the deformation mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that the in-plane shear modulus of CAFNs is mainly dominated by FLNA (i.e., cross-linkers), and that the bending and torsion deformations of FLNA have almost the same contribution to the stiffness of CAFNs. It has also been found that the stiffness of CAFNs is almost insensitive to the variation of the Poisson's ratios of FLNA and actin filament in the range from 0.29 to 0.499.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Hanxing Zhu
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK.
| | - Yongtao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - David Kennedy
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
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LourenÇo AL, Jager ND, Prochnow C, Milbrandt Dutra DA, Kleverlaan CJ. Young's modulus and Poisson ratio of composite materials: Influence of wet and dry storage. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:657-663. [PMID: 32448846 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the oral environment dental materials are subject to a wet condition what might in time change their elastic properties. In this article, we evaluated the influence of the storage condition (dry versus wet) on the Young's modulus and the Poisson ratio in compression of three composite materials. The data of the Young's modulus and Poisson ratio published of dental composite materials are not always comparable, due to different test methods and sample dimensions influencing the results. Therefore, we established the degree of exactness of the results out of the test set-up used. Since the present study depicted differences of the properties after dry and wet storage, the elastic properties should be measured after wet storage. The bonding between the matrix and the filler particles showed to have an influence on the elastic properties and on the influence of a wet environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lúcia LourenÇo
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Niek De Jager
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
| | - Catina Prochnow
- Oral Science (Prosthodontics Units), Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM)
| | | | - Cornelis J Kleverlaan
- Department of Dental Materials Science, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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Morokov ES, Demina VA, Sedush NG, Kalinin KT, Khramtsova EA, Dmitryakov PV, Bakirov AV, Grigoriev TE, Levin VM, Chvalun SN. Noninvasive high-frequency acoustic microscopy for 3D visualization of microstructure and estimation of elastic properties during hydrolytic degradation of lactide and ε-caprolactone polymers. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:61-72. [PMID: 32294555 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The monitoring of degradation processes' kinetics in polymers is one of the attractive possibilities of ultrasound technique applications that provide non-destructive imaging of polymers' internal microstructure and measurements of elastic properties. In this work, biodegradable polymers and copolymers based on L,L-lactide, D,L-lactide and ε-caprolactone have been studied at different stages of hydrolysis at 37 °C by high-frequency (100 and 200 MHz) ultrasound. The acoustic microscopy technique has been developed to reveal changes in the internal microstructure and bulk sound speed in polymer samples over a hydrolysis period of 25 weeks. Ultrasound imaging provides visualization of amorphous and crystalline phases, internal imperfections, variation in packing density, and other microstructural features. Acoustic images demonstrate nucleation, growth, and the changes in internal inhomogeneities in polymers during degradation accompanied by a decrease in the polymers' molecular weight. We associate the changes in the elastic properties (the speed of a longitudinal wave) with crystallinity variations in polymers during hydrothermal aging. The results of the ultrasound investigations are supplemented by gel permeation chromatography, differential scanning calorimetry, and wide-angle X-ray spectroscopy. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Monitoring the kinetics of degradation processes in polymers is one of the attractive possibilities of applying ultrasound techniques that provide non-destructive imaging of the polymers' internal microstructure and measurements of elastic properties. In this work, visualization of nucleation, growth, and evolution of internal inhomogeneities in the volume of polymers and variation of values of speed of longitudinal and transverse sound waves during hydrolysis are compared with measurements of molecular weight, density, data of DSC curves, and X-ray scattering analysis. We discuss several common phenomena that occur in the volume of poly(L-lactide) and poly(D,L-lactide) over the degradation process as well as improvement of elastic properties of the poly(ε -caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide-co-caprolactone) during hydrothermal aging.
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Qin H, Zhu SH, Gan YD, Zhong M, Jiang CL, Hong D, Liu FS, Tang B, Liu QJ. The Raman and IR vibration modes of metal pentazolate hydrates [Na(H 2O)(N 5)]·2H 2O and [Mg(H 2O) 6(N 5) 2]·4H 2O. J Mol Model 2020; 26:84. [PMID: 32211979 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-4345-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The detailed illustrations of the structures, elastic properties, and Raman and IR vibration modes for [Na(H2O)(N5)]·2H2O (a) and [Mg(H2O)6(N5)2]·4H2O (b) have been presented in this investigation by using the first-principles method based on the density functional theory. Our results indicate that the active centers of both two types of the energetic metal pentazolate hydrates appear on the cyclo-N5. The bonding character of N atoms in the cyclo-N5 is shown to be covalent, and the cyclo-N5 ring can be considered as an anion. Based on the analysis of elastic properties, we conclude that complex a is easier to deform than b, and both complexes are mechanically stable. From the calculated Raman and IR vibration modes, the vibration in the region of 960-1206 cm-1 (for a) and 985-1208 cm-1 (for b) is determined by basically mixing the cyclo-N5 stretching and deformation modes. The vibrational modes of a and b in their highest frequency zones are both related to the stretching of the O-H bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Qin
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Hai Zhu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China. .,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yun-Dan Gan
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Mi Zhong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Lu Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Hong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Sheng Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education of China, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China. .,Bond and Band Engineering Group, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory (for Universities) of High Pressure Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, People's Republic of China.
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26
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Mushtaq M, Dar SA, Sattar MA, Kouser R. First-principles study of structural, electronic, magnetic, thermodynamic and mechanical properties of ferromagnetic Mn 2MoAl Heuslar alloy. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 95:107507. [PMID: 31837479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.107507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Mn-based Mn2MoAl type ternary Heusler alloy is of particular interest due to its potential ferromagnetic properties and high spin-polarization. The present paper aims to explore the physical properties of this new alloy for its possible technological applications and also provide theoretical basis to the future experiments. The electronic structure, magnetism, and elastic properties of the alloy are studied by using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT), along with calculation of thermodynamic properties within quasi-harmonic approximation. The structural analysis predicts the optimized lattice constant of 5.90 Å and the ferromagnetic stable state. The electronic band structure calculations at GGA-level reveal that present alloy is nearly half-metal with spin-polarization up to 94% at the Fermi level, whereas, GGA + U calculations reveal Mn2MoAl alloy to be a quite spin polarized metal. The calculated total magnetic moment Mt of the unit-cell is found to be 1.04 μB, which nearly obeys Mt = │Zt-24│formula. The individual Mn, Mo and Al atoms carry magnetic moment of 0.70 μB, -0.28 μB, -0.01μB, respectively. Employing quasi-harmonic approximation, interesting thermodynamic properties of the alloy have been investigated. Furthermore, the elastic and mechanical properties have been investigated. The results confirm that Mn2MoAl alloy is mechanically stable, ductile, anisotropic, with metallic inter-atomic bonding and is expected to be beneficial for the spintronic technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mushtaq
- Department of Physics, Women University of A.J.& K. Bagh, 12500, Pakistan.
| | - Sajad Ahmad Dar
- Department of Physics, Govt. Motilal Vigyan Mahavidyalya College, Bhopal, MP, 462008, India.
| | - Muhammad Atiff Sattar
- Department of Physics, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabia Kouser
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Science Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, 110025, India
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27
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Parshina EY, Yusipovich AI, Brazhe AR, Silicheva MA, Maksimov GV. Heat damage of cytoskeleton in erythrocytes increases membrane roughness and cell rigidity. J Biol Phys 2019; 45:367-377. [PMID: 31758351 PMCID: PMC6917684 DOI: 10.1007/s10867-019-09533-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The intensity of erythrocyte membrane fluctuations was studied by laser interference microscopy (LIM), which provide information about mechanical properties of the erythrocyte membrane. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study erythrocyte surface relief; it is related to the cytoskeleton structure of erythrocyte membrane. Intact human erythrocytes and erythrocytes with a destroyed cytoskeleton were used. According to the obtained results, cytoskeleton damage induced by heating up to 50 °С results in a reduced intensity of cell membrane fluctuations compared to non-treated cells (20.6 ± 10.2 vs. 30.5 ± 5.5 nm, correspondingly), while the roughness of the membrane increases (4.5 ± 1.5 vs. 3.4 ± 0.5 nm, correspondingly).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Parshina
- Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A I Yusipovich
- Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - A R Brazhe
- Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - M A Silicheva
- Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russia
| | - G V Maksimov
- Biological Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie gory, 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russia
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Zhang Q, Fan F, Wang R, Niu H, Laugier P. A resonant frequency retrieving method for low Q-factor materials based on resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. Ultrasonics 2019; 99:105971. [PMID: 31450026 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2019.105971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy (RUS) allows identification of the elastic properties of solid materials vibrating under an ultrasonic excitation from the measurement of their inherent frequencies. Retrieving the resonant frequencies is therefore a key signal processing step in RUS, which is generally addressed using a linear prediction filter. In this study, the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was proposed to retrieve the inherent resonant frequencies of materials with low Q-factor (quality factor). EMD was used to decompose the frequency response of the tested sample into intrinsic mode functions (IMF). The relevant IMF was selected from which the resonant frequencies could be computed. A bovine cortical bone sample was measured and its resonant frequencies were identified with EMD and with linear prediction for comparison. The elastic constants were also derived using both approaches. The number of resonant frequencies (45) extracted with EMD was larger than the number of frequencies (26) identified using the classical linear prediction approach. In particular, EMD proved to be more effective in detecting resonance in the higher frequency range (i.e., between 235 kHz and 400 kHz), i.e., on the weak excitation side where the spectral amplitude is low. The number of measured frequencies matching with the calculated ones was also larger for EMD (39) compared to linear prediction (17). If these results are confirmed in further studies on more samples, EMD combined with RUS, by improving the extraction of resonant frequencies for low Q-factor materials, may be considered to be useful not only to improve the reliability of the estimation of elastic parameters, but also to extend the application range of RUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Haijun Niu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Pascal Laugier
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China; Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris 75006, France
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Ajori S, Haghighi S, Ansari R. Tensile characteristics of carbene-functionalized CNTs subjected to physisorption of polymer chains: a molecular dynamics study. J Mol Model 2019; 25:318. [PMID: 31598779 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Tensile properties such as Young's modulus and ultimate tensile force are important properties in understanding the characteristics of nanocomposites. Besides, the importance of functionalization methods in modification of the unique mechanical and elastic properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) is being widely recognized. In this paper, the tensile properties of CNTs functionalized with carbene under physisorption of polymer chains, i.e., aramid and polyketone chains, are investigated by using a series of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results illustrated that Young's modulus of carbene-functionalized CNTs (cfCNTs) decreases by rising the weight percentage of carbene. By contrast, Young's modulus of cfCNTs under physisorption of polymer chains (cfCNTs/polymers) increases as the carbene weight rises. In a particular carbene weight, Young's modulus of cfCNTs/polymers decreases by increasing the chains of non-covalent functional groups. Moreover, it is shown that similar to Young's modulus, ultimate tensile force of cfCNTs reduces by increasing the weight percentage of carbene whereas the ultimate tensile force of cfCNTs/polymers has an increasing trend with raising the carbene weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ajori
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55136-553, Maragheh, Iran
| | - S Haghighi
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University Campus2, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | - R Ansari
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Guilan, P.O. Box 3756, Rasht, Iran.
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30
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Hoang QV, Rohrbach D, McFadden SA, Mamou J. Regional changes in the elastic properties of myopic Guinea pig sclera. Exp Eye Res 2019; 186:107739. [PMID: 31330141 PMCID: PMC6712578 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanical changes in the sclera likely underlie the excessive eye elongation of axial myopia. We studied the biomechanical characteristics of myopic sclera at the microscopic level using scanning acoustic microscopy (SAM) with 7-μm in-plane resolution. Guinea pigs underwent form-deprivation (FD) in one eye from 4 to 12 days of age to induce myopia, and 12-μm-thick scleral cryosections were scanned using a custom-made SAM. Two-dimensional maps of the bulk modulus (K) and mass density (ρ) were derived from the SAM data using a frequency-domain approach. We assessed the effect on K and ρ exerted by: 1) level of induced myopia, 2) region (superior, inferior, nasal or temporal) and 3) eccentricity from the nerve using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. Induced myopia ranged between -3D and -9.3D (Mean intraocular difference of -6.2 ± 1.7D, N = 11). K decreased by 0.036 GPa for every 1.0 D increase in induced myopia across vertical sections (p < 0.001). Among induced myopia right eyes, K values in the inherently more myopic superior region were 0.088 GPa less than the inferior region (p = 0.002) and K in the proximal nasal region containing the central axis were 0.10 GPa less than temporal K (p = 0.036). K also increased 0.12 GPa for every 1 mm increase in superior vertical distance (p < 0.001), an effect that was blunted after 1 week of FD. Overall, trends for ρ were less apparent than for K. ρ values increased by 20.7 mg/cm3 for every 1.00 D increase in induced myopia across horizontal sections (p < 0.001), and were greatest in the region containing the central posterior pole. ρ values in the inherently more myopic superior region were 13.1 mg/cm3 greater than that found in inferior regions among control eyes (p = 0.002), and increased by 11.2 mg/cm3 for every 1 mm increase in vertical distance (p = 0.001). This peripheral increase in ρ was blunted after 1 week of FD. Scleral material properties vary depending on the location in the sclera and the level of induced myopia. Bulk modulus was most reduced in the most myopic regions (both induced myopia and inherent regional myopia), and suggests that FD causes microscopic local decreases in sclera stiffness, while scleral mass density was most increased in the most myopic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan V Hoang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Daniel Rohrbach
- Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, NY, 10038, USA
| | - Sally A McFadden
- Vision Sciences, School of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Hunter Medical Research Institute, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Jonathan Mamou
- Lizzi Center for Biomedical Engineering, Riverside Research, New York, NY, 10038, USA
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31
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Naseri M, Hoat DM. First principles investigation on elastic, optoelectronic and thermoelectric properties of KYX (X = Ge, Sn and Pb) half-heusler compounds. J Mol Graph Model 2019; 92:249-255. [PMID: 31422197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical calculations based on the density functional theory and the Boltzmann semi-classical transport theory have been carried out to examine the structural, elastic, electronic, optical and thermoelectric properties of Potassium- and Yttrium-based half-Heusler (HH) compounds KYX (X = Ge, Sn and Pb). Based on our calculations, KYGe, KYSn, and KYPb HH compounds are mechanically stable, and show semiconductor nature with direct band gaps of 0.852, 0.921, and 0.927 eV, respectively, which are obtained from mBJ level of theory. Moreover, the KYSn is brittle, while the KYGe and KYPb are dutile. The optical results show that these HH compounds have wide absorption band from high energy region of infrarred to ultraviolet region. At high photon energies (beyond of 13 eV), they shows very small reflectivity. Because of their favorable electronic structure, these materials have very good thermoelectric performance with high thermopower and figure of merit. The effect of temperature on thermoelectric properties also is discussed in details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mosayeb Naseri
- Department of Physics, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 6718997551, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - D M Hoat
- Computational Optics Research Group, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
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32
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Jelitto H, Schneider GA. Fracture toughness of porous materials - Experimental methods and data. Data Brief 2019; 23:103709. [PMID: 31372381 PMCID: PMC6660429 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2019.103709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide numerical experimental data and detailed information about the sample preparation and the experimental methods, used by different research groups for measuring the fracture toughness of porous materials. These data are supplemental information to the publication “A Geometric Model for the Fracture Toughness of Porous Materials,” [1], which is based on experimental data of ceramic and polymer materials. For the sake of completeness, we provide here also data from fracturing metallic foams. The corresponding theoretical curves, which are based on the model described in the reference, are given additionally in the diagrams. The utilized publications are not a comprehensive compilation of all corresponding measurements concerning porous materials, but should be seen as a typical set of respective experiments with the focus on the fracture toughness of porous materials. The discussion and interpretation are provided in the above-mentioned reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Jelitto
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Denickestrasse 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerold A Schneider
- Hamburg University of Technology, Institute of Advanced Ceramics, Denickestrasse 15, 21073, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang R, Fan F, Zhang Q, Li X, Niu H, Laugier P. Elastic constants identification of irregular hard biological tissue materials using FEM-based resonant ultrasound spectroscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 96:20-26. [PMID: 31026758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to apply the resonant ultrasound spectroscopy technique (RUS) combined with micro computed tomography (μ-CT) and finite element method (FEM) to quantify the elastic constants of the irregular hard biological tissue material such as enamel. In this method, the resonant frequencies of an irregular shaped sample tested under stress-free boundary conditions are measured first. Then, micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) is used to acquire three-dimensional (3-D) geometry information of the sample, and the resonant frequencies are calculated with FEM. Thereby, an optimization procedure using the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm updates the elastic constants in the FEM model until the output natural frequencies from the model fit the results from the RUS experiments. The proposed method has been tested first on a calibration material. To this purpose, titanium has been selected. The elastic constants of a rectangular parallelepiped shaped titanium sample obtained by the conventional RUS method and those of five irregular samples obtained by FEM-based RUS were in good agreement, displaying differences less than 2%. Once the method has been validated on titanium, it was applied to an enamel sample. The results show that the FEM-based RUS method can effectively identify the elastic constants of irregular titanium and enamel samples. This study expands the application range of RUS technology and provides a new method for the measurement of elastic properties of irregular hard biological tissue materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Haijun Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Pascal Laugier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire D'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Paris, 75006, France
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Mpourazanis P, Stogiannidis G, Tsigoias S, Kalampounias AG. Transverse phonons and intermediate-range order in Sr-Mg fluorophosphate glasses. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2019; 212:363-370. [PMID: 30669100 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2019.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational and ultrasonic spectroscopies have been employed to study the composition and polarization dependence of the vibrational and elastic properties of the pseudo-binary mixed fluoride-phosphate glass-forming system xSr(PO3)2-(1-x)(0.62MgF2-0.38AlF3) with x: 0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.8, 0.9 and 1. Composition-induced alterations in the short-range order have been quantitatively followed by means of Raman and IR spectroscopies. The analysis has shown that the incorporation of the phosphate groups in the fluoride network results in a less interconnected network with suppressed rigidity. The specific amorphous materials have been used as a model system in terms of wide glass-forming ability to elucidate the effect of variation in connectivity between the fluoride and phosphate sub-networks on the Boson peak nature. Emphasis has been given in the low-frequency Raman phenomenology, which in conjunction with the elastic properties allowed us to establish a possible link between the Boson peak and the transverse phonons in these glasses.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mpourazanis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - G Stogiannidis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - S Tsigoias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - A G Kalampounias
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece; Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences, ICE-HT/FORTH, GR-26504 Patras, Greece.
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35
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Selladurai S, Thittai AK. Towards quantitative quasi-static ultrasound elastography using a reference layer for liver imaging application: A preliminary assessment. Ultrasonics 2019; 93:7-17. [PMID: 30384008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Changes in tissue elasticity are generally correlated with pathological phenomena. For example, diffuse liver disease progressively reduces the elasticity of the liver. Quasi-static elastography is popular in clinical applications to visualize regions with different relative stiffness. However, the limitation of this technique is that it provides only qualitative information. To overcome this, we investigate the use of a calibrated reference layer, sandwiched between the transducer and the tissue surface, to quantitatively image the unknown modulus of the examined tissue. The performance of the method was studied through simulations and experiments on agar-gelatin phantoms having Young's modulus within a range appropriate for the liver application. Furthermore, we explored the translational capability of the proposed method to work with existing commercially-available ultrasound scanners having elastography option. The Young's modulus value of the phantom estimated from quantitative elastography in simulation and experiment was compared against the corresponding ground-truth modulus value obtained from COMSOL and Universal Testing Machine (UTM) results, respectively. The results obtained for the compressive elastic modulus of the underlying phantom using quasi-static ultrasound elastography was found to be within 6% and 11% in simulation and experiments, respectively, to the corresponding ground-truth values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathiyamoorthy Selladurai
- Biomedical Ultrasound Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Arun K Thittai
- Biomedical Ultrasound Laboratory, Department of Applied Mechanics, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India.
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Visentin F, Groenhuis V, Maris B, Dall'Alba D, Siepel F, Stramigioli S, Fiorini P. Iterative simulations to estimate the elastic properties from a series of MRI images followed by MRI-US validation. Med Biol Eng Comput 2019; 57:913-24. [PMID: 30483912 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-018-1931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The modeling of breast deformations is of interest in medical applications such as image-guided biopsy, or image registration for diagnostic purposes. In order to have such information, it is needed to extract the mechanical properties of the tissues. In this work, we propose an iterative technique based on finite element analysis that estimates the elastic modulus of realistic breast phantoms, starting from MRI images acquired in different positions (prone and supine), when deformed only by the gravity force. We validated the method using both a single-modality evaluation in which we simulated the effect of the gravity force to generate four different configurations (prone, supine, lateral, and vertical) and a multi-modality evaluation in which we simulated a series of changes in orientation (prone to supine). Validation is performed, respectively, on surface points and lesions using as ground-truth data from MRI images, and on target lesions inside the breast phantom compared with the actual target segmented from the US image. The use of pre-operative images is limited at the moment to diagnostic purposes. By using our method we can compute patient-specific mechanical properties that allow compensating deformations. Graphical Abstract Workflow of the proposed method and comparative results of the prone-to-supine simulation (red volumes) validated using MRI data (blue volumes).
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Blouin S, Fratzl-Zelman N, Roschger A, Cabral WA, Klaushofer K, Marini JC, Fratzl P, Roschger P. Cortical bone properties in the Brtl/+ mouse model of Osteogenesis imperfecta as evidenced by acoustic transmission microscopy. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2018; 90:125-132. [PMID: 30366302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Higher skeletal fragility has been established for the Brtl/+ mouse model of osteogenesis imperfecta at the whole bone level, but previous investigations of mechanical properties at the bone material level were inconclusive. Bone material was analyzed separately at endosteal (ER) and periosteal regions (PR) on transverse femoral midshaft sections for 2-month old mice (wild-type n = 6; Brtl/+ n = 6). Quantitative backscattered electron imaging revealed that the mass density computed from mineral density maps was higher in PR than in ER for both wild-type (+2.1%, p < 0.05) and Brtl/+ mice (+1.8%, p < 0.05). Electron induced X-ray fluorescence analysis indicated significantly lower atomic Ca/P ratios and higher Na/Ca, Mg/Ca and K/Ca ratios in PR bone compared to ER independently of genotype. Second harmonic generation microscopy indicated that the occurrence of periodically alternating collagen orientation in ER of Brtl/+ mice was strongly reduced compared to wild-type mice. Scanning acoustic microscopy in time of flight mode revealed that the sound velocity and Young's modulus (estimated based on sound velocity and mass density maps) were significantly greater in PR (respectively +6% and +15%) compared to ER in wild-type mice but not in Brtl/+ mice. ER sound velocity and Young's modulus were significantly increased in Brtl/+ mice (+9.4% and +22%, respectively) compared to wild-type mice. These data demonstrate that the Col1a1 G349C mutation in Brtl/+ mice affects the mechanical behavior of bone material predominantly in the endosteal region by altering the collagen orientation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Blouin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria.
| | - N Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Roschger
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Postdam, Germany
| | - W A Cabral
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - K Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - J C Marini
- Bone and Extracellular Matrix Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Fratzl
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomaterials, Postdam, Germany
| | - P Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Centre Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
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Jaiswal AK, Yadawa PK, Yadav RR. Ultrasonic wave propagation in ternary intermetallic CeCuGe compound. Ultrasonics 2018; 89:22-25. [PMID: 29715604 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The elastic and ultrasonic properties of the hexagonal intermetallic CeCuGe ternary compound have been evaluated along unique axis at room temperature. Higher order elastic constants have been calculated for CeCuGe compound using Lennard-Jones interaction potential model. The ultrasonic velocity, Debye average velocity, thermal relaxation time and acoustic coupling constant are evaluated along unique axis of the crystal and the temperature dependent ultrasonic velocities are evaluated along different angles with unique axis of the crystal. Finally temperature dependent ultrasonic attenuation is evaluated to extract important information about the material.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pramod Kumar Yadawa
- Department of Applied Physics, AMITY School of Engineering and Technology, New Delhi 110 061, India
| | - R R Yadav
- Department of Physics, University of Allahabad, Allahabad 211002, U.P., India
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Frankewycz B, Penz A, Weber J, da Silva NP, Freimoser F, Bell R, Nerlich M, Jung EM, Docheva D, Pfeifer CG. Achilles tendon elastic properties remain decreased in long term after rupture. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2018; 26:2080-7. [PMID: 29147741 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-017-4791-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rupture of the Achilles tendon results in inferior scar tissue formation. Elastography allows a feasible in vivo investigation of biomechanical properties of the Achilles tendon. The purpose of this study is to investigate the biomechanical properties of healed Achilles tendons in the long term. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who suffered from Achilles tendon rupture were recruited for an elastographic evaluation. Unilateral Achilles tendon ruptures were included and scanned in the mid-substance and calcaneal insertion at least 2 years after rupture using shear wave elastography. Results were compared to patients' contralateral non-injured Achilles tendons and additionally to a healthy population. Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis, and correlation analysis with clinical scores were performed. RESULTS Forty-one patients were included in the study with a mean follow-up-time of 74 ± 30; [26-138] months after rupture. Significant differences were identified in shear wave elastography in the mid-substance of healed tendons (shear wave velocity 1.2 ±1.5 m/s) compared to both control groups [2.5 ±1.5 m/s (p < 0.01) and 2.8 ±1.6 m/s (p < 0.0001) contralateral and healthy population, respectively]. There was no correlation between the measurements and the clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the healed Achilles tendon after rupture has inferior elastic properties even after a long-term healing phase. Differences in elastic properties after rupture mainly originate from the mid-substance of the Achilles tendon, in which most of the ruptures occur. Elastographic results do not correspond with subjective perception. Clinically, sonoelastographical measurements of biomechanical properties can be useful to provide objective insights in tendon recovery.
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Li WB, Li K, Fan KQ, Zhang DX, Wang WD. Temperature and Pressure Dependences of the Elastic Properties of Tantalum Single Crystals Under <100> Tensile Loading: A Molecular Dynamics Study. Nanoscale Res Lett 2018; 13:118. [PMID: 29693209 PMCID: PMC5915988 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-018-2526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Atomistic simulations are capable of providing insights into physical mechanisms responsible for mechanical properties of the transition metal of Tantalum (Ta). By using molecular dynamics (MD) method, temperature and pressure dependences of the elastic properties of Ta single crystals are investigated through <100> tensile loading. First of all, a comparative study between two types of embedded-atom method (EAM) potentials is made in term of the elastic properties of Ta single crystals. The results show that Ravelo-EAM (Physical Review B, 2013, 88: 134101) potential behaves well at different hydrostatic pressures. Then, the MD simulation results based on the Ravelo-EAM potential show that Ta will experience a body-centered-cubic (BCC) to face-centered-cubic (FCC) phase transition before fracture under <100> tensile loading at 1 K temperature, and model size and strain rate have no obvious effects on tensile behaviors of Ta. Next, from the simulation results at the system temperature from 1 to 1500 K, it can be derived that the elastic modulus of E100 linearly decrease with the increasing temperature, while the yielding stress decrease with conforming a quadratic polynomial formula. Finally, the pressure dependence of the elastic properties is performed from 0 to 140 GPa and the observations show that the elastic modulus increases with the increasing pressure overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-bing Li
- ZNDY of Ministerial Key Laboratory, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094 People’s Republic of China
- McCormick School of Engineering and Applied Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 USA
| | - Kang Li
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Kang-qi Fan
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-xing Zhang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-dong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 People’s Republic of China
- Research Center of Micro-Nano Systems, Xidian University, Xi’an, 710071 People’s Republic of China
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Rouhi S, Pourmirzaagha H. Molecular dynamics investigation of the mechanical behavior of multi-layered graphyne and its family under tensile loading. J Mol Graph Model 2018; 80:299-312. [PMID: 29427935 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2017.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper aims to study the mechanical properties of the multi-layered graphyne and other members of the graphyne family under the uniaxial tensile loading. For this purpose, molecular dynamics simulations are used. The effects of the size and number of layers on the fracture and elastic properties are studied. It is shown that Young's modulus of the zigzag multi-layered graphyne is slightly larger than armchair one. Comparing the stress-strain curves of the multi-layered graphynes with different number of layers, it is observed that the fracture stress and strain of the nanosheets are inversely related to the number of layers. Investigating the influence of the number of acetylene linkage in the structure of the graphyne-n family on their mechanical properties, it is shown increasing the number of triple bonds leads to weakening the fracture stress and Young's modulus of the nanosheet.
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Nussenzveig HM. Cell membrane biophysics with optical tweezers. Eur Biophys J 2017; 47:499-514. [PMID: 29164289 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-017-1268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Membrane elastic properties play important roles in regulating cell shape, motility, division and differentiation. Here I review optical tweezer (OT) investigations of membrane surface tension and bending modulus, emphasizing didactic aspects and insights provided for cell biology. OT measurements employ membrane-attached microspheres to extract long cylindrical nanotubes named tethers. The Helfrich-Canham theory yields elastic parameters in terms of tether radius and equilibrium extraction force. It assumes initial point-like microsphere attachment and no cytoskeleton content within tethers. Experimental force-displacement curves reveal violations of those assumptions, and I discuss proposed explanations of such discrepancies, as well as recommended OT protocols. Measurements of elastic parameters for predominant cell types in the central nervous system yield correlations between their values and cell function. Micro-rheology OT experiments extend these correlations to viscoelastic parameters. The results agree with a quasi-universal phenomenological scaling law and are interpreted in terms of the soft glass rheology model. Spontaneously-generated cell nanotube protrusions are also briefly reviewed, emphasizing common features with tethers. Filopodia as well as tunneling nanotubes (TNT), which connect distant cells and allow transfers between their cytoplasms, are discussed, including OT tether pulling from TNTs which mediate communication among bacteria, even of different species. Pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and prions, opportunistically exploit TNTs for cell-to-cell transmission of infection, indicating that TNTs have an ancient evolutionary origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Moysés Nussenzveig
- LPO-COPEA, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-902, Brazil. .,Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-972, Brazil.
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Liu Y, Song Y, Li X, Chen C, Zhou K. Evaluating the reinforcement content and elastic properties of Mg-based composites using dual-mode ultrasonic velocities. Ultrasonics 2017; 81:167-173. [PMID: 28704775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on the wave-mode-converted principle, an immersion-focused transducer is employed to determine the longitudinal wave and shear wave velocities. The experimental condition is then investigated to obtain the converted shear wave, which is used to analyze the relationship between the reinforcement content and the dual-mode ultrasonic velocities. In addition, the elastic modulus is calculated. Magnesium-based composite samples with different reinforcement contents are manufactured to conduct an ultrasonic experiment, wherein the dual-mode velocities vary with the change in the reinforcement content; the correlation coefficient is 99.17%. An ultrasonic dual-mode velocity model is developed to analyze the distribution of the reinforcement content. By employing the measured values obtained from the destructive method, the largest errors in the reinforcement content and elastic modulus evaluated using the proposed method are found to be -5.76% and 5.85%, respectively. The shear wave velocity determined using a normal-incidence shear-wave transducer reveals the accuracy with which the errors are measured. This method provides an effective tool to nondestructively evaluate the microstructure and elastic properties of Mg-based composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Yongfeng Song
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
| | - Xiongbing Li
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China.
| | - Chao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China.
| | - Kechao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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Khan MQ, Lee H, Khatri Z, Kharaghani D, Khatri M, Ishikawa T, Im SS, Kim IS. Fabrication and characterization of nanofibers of honey/poly(1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene isosorbide trephthalate) by electrospinning. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2017; 81:247-251. [PMID: 28887970 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the fabrication of novel nanofibers using naturally occurring antimicrobial honey incorporated in poly(1,4-cyclohexane dimethylene isosorbide trephthalate) (PICT) for the potential wound dressing applications. We fabricated PICT/honey using three blend ratios 90:10, 85:15 and 80:20 respectively. Morphology of PICT nanofibers and PICT/honey nanofibers was observed under Scanning Electron Microscope and it showed bead-free nanofibers. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscope was used to confirm the presence of honey in PICT electrospun nanofibers. Tensile strength of PICT/honey nanofibers was slightly reduced with variation in effect of elongation. Water contact angle measurements were done with the static contact angle by a contact angle meter, which showed that hydrophobicity was decreased by adding the honey. The XPS spectra showed that honey was present in the PICT/honey nanofibers. The release behavior of honey was investigated by UV-visible Spectrophotometer. The release was complete in 15min and the maximum release of honey was 72mg/L in 10min. Therefore, PICT/honey nanofibers having 15% concentration of honey are suitable for good elastic behavior and tensile strength as compared to other concentrations of honey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Qamar Khan
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Hoik Lee
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Zeeshan Khatri
- Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Textile Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro 76062, Pakistan.
| | - Davood Kharaghani
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Muzamil Khatri
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Seung-Soon Im
- Department of Organic and Nano Engineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-dong, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Soo Kim
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering (IFES), Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research (ICCER), Shinshu University, Tokida 3-15-1, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan.
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Colabella L, Cisilino AP, Häiat G, Kowalczyk P. Mimetization of the elastic properties of cancellous bone via a parameterized cellular material. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2017; 16:1485-502. [PMID: 28374083 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-017-0901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone tissue mechanical properties and trabecular microarchitecture are the main factors that determine the biomechanical properties of cancellous bone. Artificial cancellous microstructures, typically described by a reduced number of geometrical parameters, can be designed to obtain a mechanical behavior mimicking that of natural bone. In this work, we assess the ability of the parameterized microstructure introduced by Kowalczyk (Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Eng 9:135-147, 2006. doi: 10.1080/10255840600751473 ) to mimic the elastic response of cancellous bone. Artificial microstructures are compared with actual bone samples in terms of elasticity matrices and their symmetry classes. The capability of the parameterized microstructure to combine the dominant isotropic, hexagonal, tetragonal and orthorhombic symmetry classes in the proportions present in the cancellous bone is shown. Based on this finding, two optimization approaches are devised to find the geometrical parameters of the artificial microstructure that better mimics the elastic response of a target natural bone specimen: a Sequential Quadratic Programming algorithm that minimizes the norm of the difference between the elasticity matrices, and a Pattern Search algorithm that minimizes the difference between the symmetry class decompositions. The pattern search approach is found to produce the best results. The performance of the method is demonstrated via analyses for 146 bone samples.
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46
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Shih CC, Lai TY, Huang CC. Evaluating the intensity of the acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) in intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging: Preliminary in vitro results. Ultrasonics 2016; 70:64-74. [PMID: 27135187 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2016.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The ability to measure the elastic properties of plaques and vessels is significant in clinical diagnosis, particularly for detecting a vulnerable plaque. A novel concept of combining intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging and acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging has recently been proposed. This method has potential in elastography for distinguishing between the stiffness of plaques and arterial vessel walls. However, the intensity of the acoustic radiation force requires calibration as a standard for the further development of an ARFI-IVUS imaging device that could be used in clinical applications. In this study, a dual-frequency transducer with 11MHz and 48MHz was used to measure the association between the biological tissue displacement and the applied acoustic radiation force. The output intensity of the acoustic radiation force generated by the pushing element ranged from 1.8 to 57.9mW/cm(2), as measured using a calibrated hydrophone. The results reveal that all of the acoustic intensities produced by the transducer in the experiments were within the limits specified by FDA regulations and could still displace the biological tissues. Furthermore, blood clots with different hematocrits, which have elastic properties similar to the lipid pool of plaques, with stiffness ranging from 0.5 to 1.9kPa could be displaced from 1 to 4μm, whereas the porcine arteries with stiffness ranging from 120 to 291kPa were displaced from 0.4 to 1.3μm when an acoustic intensity of 57.9mW/cm(2) was used. The in vitro ARFI images of the artery with a blood clot and artificial arteriosclerosis showed a clear distinction of the stiffness distributions of the vessel wall. All the results reveal that ARFI-IVUS imaging has the potential to distinguish the elastic properties of plaques and vessels. Moreover, the acoustic intensity used in ARFI imaging has been experimentally quantified. Although the size of this two-element transducer is unsuitable for IVUS imaging, the experimental results reported herein can be applied in ARFI-IVUS imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cho-Chiang Shih
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.
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Wang X, Zhang L, Guo Z, Jiang Y, Tao X, Liu L. Study of low-modulus biomedical β Ti-Nb-Zr alloys based on single-crystal elastic constants modeling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 62:310-318. [PMID: 27235781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.04.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CALPHAD-type modeling was used to describe the single-crystal elastic constants of the bcc solution phase in the ternary Ti-Nb-Zr system. The parameters in the model were evaluated based on the available experimental data and first-principle calculations. The composition-elastic properties of the full compositions were predicted and the results were in good agreement with the experimental data. It is found that the β phase can be divided into two regions which are separated by a critical dynamical stability composition line. The corresponding valence electron number per atom and the polycrystalline Young׳s modulus of the critical compositions are 4.04-4.17 and 30-40GPa respectively. Orientation dependencies of single-crystal Young׳s modulus show strong elastic anisotropy on the Ti-rich side. Alloys compositions with a Young׳s modulus along the <100> direction matching that of bone were found. The current results present an effective strategy for designing low modulus biomedical alloys using computational modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ligang Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Ziyi Guo
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Yun Jiang
- College of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Xiaoma Tao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Libin Liu
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China.
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Kossovich EL, Safonov RA. Predictive analysis of chitosan-based nanocomposite biopolymers elastic properties at nano- and microscale. J Mol Model 2016; 22:75. [PMID: 26970953 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-2942-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan nanocomposites mechanical properties play a major role in usage of such materials for specific areas of application, mostly in medicine and development of ecologically-friendly production. Computer-based predictive modelling of such composites will reduce costs of their development. In this paper, a multiscale approach for structural characterization and evaluation of mechanical properties is proposed based on hybrid coarse-grained/all atom molecular dynamics. Chitosan films and fibers are constructed and studied in silico as well as chitosan composites with different types of randomly distributed reinforcing fillers (graphene nanoparticles, graphene oxide nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, chitin nanoparticles). Young's moduli are found for such composites, degrees of improvement of mechanical properties and size effects within the framework of proposed methodology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Kossovich
- National University of Science and Technology "MISiS", 4, Leninskiy prospekt, Moscow, 119049, Russian Federation.
| | - Roman A Safonov
- Saratov State University, 83, Astrakhanskaya street, Saratov, 410012, Russian Federation
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49
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Ling Y, Li C, Feng K, Duncan R, Eisma R, Huang Z, Nabi G. Effects of fixation and preservation on tissue elastic properties measured by quantitative optical coherence elastography (OCE). J Biomech 2016; 49:1009-1015. [PMID: 26903410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fixed and preserved tissues have been massively used in the development of biomedical equipment and instrumentation. Not only the tissue morphology, but also its mechanical properties need to be considered in the fixation and preservation procedures since mechanical properties have significant influence on the design and performance of such instruments. Understanding the effects of storage and preservation conditions on the mechanical properties of soft tissue has both clinical and experimental significance. To this end, we aimed to study the effects of tissue preservation (by 10% formalin and Thiel fluids) on the elastic properties of five different kinds of fresh tissues from pig and chicken; specifically fat, liver, muscle, tendon and cartilage. The tissue elasticity was measured intensively and strictly within a controlled timeline of 6 months by quantitative optical coherence elastography (OCE) system. Our findings suggest that the elasticity change of tissues in the formalin solution has an ascending trend, but that of Thiel remains almost constant, providing a more real texture and properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Ling
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Chunhui Li
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK; School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
| | - Kairui Feng
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Robyn Duncan
- Centers for Anatomy and Human Identification, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Roos Eisma
- Centers for Anatomy and Human Identification, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK
| | - Zhihong Huang
- School of Engineering, Physics and Mathematics, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
| | - Ghulam Nabi
- Academic Section of Urology, Division of Imaging Technology, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, Scotland, UK
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50
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Landry NW, Knezevic M. Delineation of First-Order Elastic Property Closures for Hexagonal Metals Using Fast Fourier Transforms. Materials (Basel) 2015; 8:6326-6345. [PMID: 28793566 PMCID: PMC5512910 DOI: 10.3390/ma8095303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Property closures are envelopes representing the complete set of theoretically feasible macroscopic property combinations for a given material system. In this paper, we present a computational procedure based on fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) to delineation of elastic property closures for hexagonal close packed (HCP) metals. The procedure consists of building a database of non-zero Fourier transforms for each component of the elastic stiffness tensor, calculating the Fourier transforms of orientation distribution functions (ODFs), and calculating the ODF-to-elastic property bounds in the Fourier space. In earlier studies, HCP closures were computed using the generalized spherical harmonics (GSH) representation and an assumption of orthotropic sample symmetry; here, the FFT approach allowed us to successfully calculate the closures for a range of HCP metals without invoking any sample symmetry assumption. The methodology presented here facilitates for the first time computation of property closures involving normal-shear coupling stiffness coefficients. We found that the representation of these property linkages using FFTs need more terms compared to GSH representations. However, the use of FFT representations reduces the computational time involved in producing the property closures due to the use of fast FFT algorithms. Moreover, FFT algorithms are readily available as opposed to GSH codes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Landry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
| | - Marko Knezevic
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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