1
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Zhang Z, Wang W, Rao H, Pan Z, Zhong X. Improving the efficiency of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells by increasing the QD loading amount. Chem Sci 2024; 15:5482-5495. [PMID: 38638208 PMCID: PMC11023064 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc06911g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
In quantum dot-sensitized solar cells (QDSCs), optimized quantum dot (QD) loading mode and high QD loading amount are prerequisites for great device performance. Capping ligand-induced self-assembly (CLIS) mode represents the mainstream QD loading strategy in the fabrication of high-efficiency QDSCs. However, there remain limitations in CLIS that constrain further enhancement of QD loading levels. This review illustrates the development of various QD loading methods in QDSCs, with an emphasis on the outstanding merits and bottlenecks of CLIS. Subsequently, thermodynamic and kinetic factors dominating QD loading behaviors in CLIS are analyzed theoretically. Upon understanding driving forces, resistances, and energy effects in a QD assembly process, various novel strategies for improving the QD loading amount in CLIS are summarized, and the related functional mechanism is established. Finally, the article concludes and outlooks some remaining academic issues to be solved, so that higher QD loading amount and efficiencies of QDSCs can be anticipated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Wenran Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Huashang Rao
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Zhenxiao Pan
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
| | - Xinhua Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biobased Materials and Energy of Ministry of Education, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, College of Materials and Energy, South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China
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2
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Reus MA, Baier T, Lindenmeir CG, Weinzierl AF, Buyan-Arivjikh A, Wegener SA, Kosbahn DP, Reb LK, Rubeck J, Schwartzkopf M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P. Modular slot-die coater for in situ grazing-incidence x-ray scattering experiments on thin films. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2024; 95:043907. [PMID: 38656556 DOI: 10.1063/5.0204673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Multimodal in situ experiments during slot-die coating of thin films pioneer the way to kinetic studies on thin-film formation. They establish a powerful tool to understand and optimize the formation and properties of thin-film devices, e.g., solar cells, sensors, or LED films. Thin-film research benefits from time-resolved grazing-incidence wide- and small-angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS/GISAXS) with a sub-second resolution to reveal the evolution of crystal structure, texture, and morphology during the deposition process. Simultaneously investigating optical properties by in situ photoluminescence measurements complements in-depth kinetic studies focusing on a comprehensive understanding of the triangular interdependency of processing, structure, and function for a roll-to-roll compatible, scalable thin-film deposition process. Here, we introduce a modular slot-die coater specially designed for in situ GIWAXS/GISAXS measurements and applicable to various ink systems. With a design for quick assembly, the slot-die coater permits the reproducible and comparable fabrication of thin films in the lab and at the synchrotron using the very same hardware components, as demonstrated in this work by experiments performed at Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY). Simultaneous to GIWAXS/GISAXS, photoluminescence measurements probe optoelectronic properties in situ during thin-film formation. An environmental chamber allows to control the atmosphere inside the coater. Modular construction and lightweight design make the coater mobile, easy to transport, quickly extendable, and adaptable to new beamline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel A Reus
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Thomas Baier
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph G Lindenmeir
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander F Weinzierl
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Altantulga Buyan-Arivjikh
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Simon A Wegener
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David P Kosbahn
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Lennart K Reb
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jan Rubeck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, 10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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3
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Ding X, Wen X, Kawata Y, Liu Y, Shi G, Ghazi RB, Sun X, Zhu Y, Wu H, Gao H, Shen Q, Liu Z, Ma W. In situ synergistic halogen passivation of semiconducting PbS quantum dot inks for efficient photovoltaics. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5115-5122. [PMID: 38369889 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05951k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Lead sulfide colloidal quantum dots (PbS CQDs) show great potential in next-generation photovoltaics. However, their high specific surface area and complex surface crystallography lead to a high surface trap density, which normally requires more than one type of capping ion or ligand to achieve effective surface passivation. In this study, we performed in situ mixed halogen passivation (MHP) during the direct synthesis of semiconducting PbS CQD inks by using different lead halogens. The different halogens can bind with the surface of the CQD throughout the nucleation/growth process, resulting in optimal surface configuration. As a result, the MHP CQD exhibited superior surface passivation compared to the conventionally iodine-capped CQDs. Finally, we achieved a substantial improvement in efficiency from 10.64% to 12.58% after the MHP treatment. Our work demonstrates the advantages of exploring efficient passivation in the directly synthesized CQD inks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Ding
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xin Wen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yuto Kawata
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Guozheng Shi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Refka Ben Ghazi
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiang Sun
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Yujie Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Haotian Gao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Qing Shen
- Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Zeke Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
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4
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Lee H, Cho DH, Lim C, Kim W, Jang YH, Baek SW, Ju BK, Lee P, Yu H. Pressurized Back-Junction Doping via Spray-Coating Silver Nanowires Top Electrodes for Efficient Charge Collection in Bifacial Colloidal PbS Quantum Dot Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:7130-7140. [PMID: 38315977 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Colloidal PbS quantum-dot solar cells (QDSCs) have long suffered from inefficient charge collection near the back-junction due to the lack of p-doping strategy, rendering their bifacial photovoltaic applications unsuccessful. Here, we report highly efficient photocarrier collection in bifacial colloidal PbS QDSCs by exploiting spray-coated silver nanowires (AgNWs) top electrodes. During our spray-coating process, pressurized Ag diffusion occurred toward the active layer, which induced effective p-doping and deep-level passivation. By manipulating the spray pressure, optimum AgNWs' stacking morphology enabling an appropriate level of Ag diffusion could be achieved, leading to Jsc over 30 mA/cm2 from the conventional n-i-p structure upon light illumination to the film side. The morphological and electrical behaviors of AgNWs according to the spray pressure are comprehensively explained in relation to the device performance. Finally, 50 bifacial cells were fabricated over 49 cm2 sized glass substrate, demonstrating the large-area processability and functionality of the spray-coated AgNWs with the effective back-junction engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Lee
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Cho
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanwoo Lim
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Hee Jang
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Woong Baek
- ∥Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Byeong Kwon Ju
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Phillip Lee
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST School, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonggeun Yu
- Advanced Photovoltaics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Science and Technology (UST), KIST School, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
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5
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Xie C, Huang H, Li Z, Zeng X, Deng B, Li C, Zhang G, Li S. A Water-Processed Mesoscale Structure Enables 18.5% Efficient Binary Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:91. [PMID: 38201756 PMCID: PMC10780782 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The two-step layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of donor and acceptor films enables desired vertical phase separation and high performance in organic solar cells (OSCs), which becomes a promising technology for large-scale printing devices. However, limitations including the use of toxic solvents and unpredictable infiltration between donor and acceptor still hinder the commercial production of LBL OSCs. Herein, we developed a water-based nanoparticle (NP) ink containing donor polymer to construct a mesoscale structure that could be infiltrated with an acceptor solution. Using non-halogen o-xylene for acceptor deposition, the LBL strategy with a mesoscale structure delivered outstanding efficiencies of 18.5% for binary PM6:L8-BObased LBL OSCs. Enhanced charge carrier mobility and restricted trap states were observed in the meso-LBL devices with optimized vertical morphology. It is believed that the findings in this work will bring about more research interest and effort on eco-friendly processing in preparation for the industrial production of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xie
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (H.H.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shunpu Li
- College of New Materials and New Energies, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, China; (H.H.); (Z.L.); (X.Z.); (B.D.); (C.L.); (G.Z.)
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6
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He S, Tang X, Deng Y, Yin N, Jin W, Lu X, Chen D, Wang C, Sun T, Chen Q, Jin Y. Anomalous efficiency elevation of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes induced by operational degradation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7785. [PMID: 38012136 PMCID: PMC10682488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43340-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantum-dot light-emitting diodes promise a new generation of high-performance and solution-processed electroluminescent light sources. Understanding the operational degradation mechanisms of quantum-dot light-emitting diodes is crucial for their practical applications. Here, we show that quantum-dot light-emitting diodes may exhibit an anomalous degradation pattern characterized by a continuous increase in electroluminescent efficiency upon electrical stressing, which deviates from the typical decrease in electroluminescent efficiency observed in other light-emitting diodes. Various in-situ/operando characterizations were performed to investigate the evolutions of charge dynamics during the efficiency elevation, and the alterations in electric potential landscapes in the active devices. Furthermore, we carried out selective peel-off-and-rebuild experiments and depth-profiling analyses to pinpoint the critical degradation site and reveal the underlying microscopic mechanism. The results indicate that the operation-induced efficiency increase results from the degradation of electron-injection capability at the electron-transport layer/cathode interface, which in turn leads to gradually improved charge balance. Our work provides new insights into the degradation of red quantum-dot light-emitting diodes and has far-reaching implications for the design of charge-injection interfaces in solution-processed light-emitting diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu He
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqi Tang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhou Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation, College of Optical Science and Engineering, International Research Center for Advanced Photonics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ni Yin
- i-Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China
| | - Wangxiao Jin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Desui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tulai Sun
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Nanophotonic Materials and Devices, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yizheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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7
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Zhao X, Li M, Ma T, Yan J, Khalaf GMG, Chen C, Hsu HY, Song H, Tang J. Stable PbS colloidal quantum dot inks enable blade-coating infrared solar cells. FRONTIERS OF OPTOELECTRONICS 2023; 16:27. [PMID: 37882898 PMCID: PMC10602987 DOI: 10.1007/s12200-023-00085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Infrared solar cells are more effective than normal bandgap solar cells at reducing the spectral loss in the near-infrared region, thus also at broadening the absorption spectra and improving power conversion efficiency. PbS colloidal quantum dots (QDs) with tunable bandgap are ideal infrared photovoltaic materials. However, QD solar cell production suffers from small-area-based spin-coating fabrication methods and unstable QD ink. Herein, the QD ink stability mechanism was fully investigated according to Lewis acid-base theory and colloid stability theory. We further studied a mixed solvent system using dimethylformamide and butylamine, compatible with the scalable manufacture of method-blade coating. Based on the ink system, 100 cm2 of uniform and dense near-infrared PbS QDs (~ 0.96 eV) film was successfully prepared by blade coating. The average efficiencies of above absorber-based devices reached 11.14% under AM1.5G illumination, and the 800 nm-filtered efficiency achieved 4.28%. Both were the top values among blade coating method based devices. The newly developed ink showed excellent stability, and the device performance based on the ink stored for 7 h was similar to that of fresh ink. The matched solvent system for stable PbS QD ink represents a crucial step toward large area blade coating photoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzhao Zhao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Mingyu Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Tianjun Ma
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Gomaa Mohamed Gomaa Khalaf
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Chao Chen
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Hsien-Yi Hsu
- School of Energy and Environment and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China.
| | - Haisheng Song
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China.
- Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Jiang Tang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), Wuhan, 430074, China
- Wenzhou Advanced Manufacturing Technology Research Institute of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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8
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Maheshwaran A, Bae H, Park J, Jung H, Hwang Y, Kim J, Park C, Kang B, Song M, Lee Y. Low-Temperature Cross-Linkable Hole Transport Materials for Solution-Processed Quantum Dot and Organic Light-Emitting Diodes with High Efficiency and Color Purity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45167-45176. [PMID: 37699415 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Cross-linkable hole transport materials (HTMs) are ideal for improving the performance of solution-processed quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) and phosphorescent light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, previously developed cross-linkable HTMs possessed poor hole transport properties, high cross-linking temperatures, and long curing times. To achieve efficient cross-linkable HTMs with high mobility, low cross-linking temperature, and short curing time, we designed and synthesized a series of low-temperature cross-linkable HTMs comprising dibenzofuran (DBF) and 4-divinyltriphenylamine (TPA) segments for highly efficient solution-processed QLEDs and OLEDs. The introduction of divinyl-functionalized TPA in various positions of the DBF core remarkably affected their chemical, physical, and electrochemical properties. In particular, cross-linked 4-(dibenzo[b,d]furan-3-yl)-N,N-bis(4-vinylphenyl)aniline (3-CDTPA) exhibited a deep highest occupied molecular orbital energy level (5.50 eV), high hole mobility (2.44 × 10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1), low cross-linking temperature (150 °C), and short curing time (30 min). Furthermore, a green QLED with 3-CDTPA as the hole transport layer (HTL) exhibited a notable maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 18.59% with a remarkable maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 78.48 cd A-1. In addition, solution-processed green OLEDs with 3-CDTPA showed excellent device performance with an EQEmax of 15.61%, a CEmax of 52.51 cd A-1, and outstanding CIE(x, y) color coordinates of (0.29, 0.61). This is one of the highest reported EQEs and CEs with high color purity for green solution-processed QLEDs and OLEDs using a divinyl-functionalized cross-linked HTM as the HTL. We believe that this study provides a new strategy for designing and synthesizing practical cross-linakable HTMs with enhanced performance for highly efficient solution-processed QLEDs and OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athithan Maheshwaran
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Bae
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyoung Park
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonwoo Jung
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Hwang
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongyoun Kim
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaehyun Park
- Department of Energy & Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwon-daero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongjae Kang
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungkwan Song
- Department of Energy & Electronic Materials, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), 797 Changwon-daero, Sungsan-gu, Changwon-si, Gyeongsangnam-do 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngu Lee
- Department of Energy Science & Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno Jungang Daero, Hyeonpung-Eup, Dalseong-Gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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9
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Dalui A, Ariga K, Acharya S. Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals: from bottom-up nanoarchitectonics to energy harvesting applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:10835-10865. [PMID: 37608724 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc02605a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively investigated owing to their unique properties induced by the quantum confinement effect. The advent of colloidal synthesis routes led to the design of stable colloidal NCs with uniform size, shape, and composition. Metal oxides, phosphides, and chalcogenides (ZnE, CdE, PbE, where E = S, Se, or Te) are few of the most important monocomponent semiconductor NCs, which show excellent optoelectronic properties. The ability to build quantum confined heterostructures comprising two or more semiconductor NCs offer greater customization and tunability of properties compared to their monocomponent counterparts. More recently, the halide perovskite NCs showed exceptional optoelectronic properties for energy generation and harvesting applications. Numerous applications including photovoltaic, photodetectors, light emitting devices, catalysis, photochemical devices, and solar driven fuel cells have demonstrated using these NCs in the recent past. Overall, semiconductor NCs prepared via the colloidal synthesis route offer immense potential to become an alternative to the presently available device applications. This feature article will explore the progress of NCs syntheses with outstanding potential to control the shape and spatial dimensionality required for photovoltaic, light emitting diode, and photocatalytic applications. We also attempt to address the challenges associated with achieving high efficiency devices with the NCs and possible solutions including interface engineering, packing control, encapsulation chemistry, and device architecture engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Dalui
- Department of Chemistry, Jogamaya Devi College, Kolkata-700026, India
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- International Research Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Somobrata Acharya
- School of Applied and Interdisciplinary Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata-700032, India.
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10
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Chen K, Gu Z, Wang Z, Guan M, Tan X, Xu W, Ji X, Lu W, Liu Y, Li G. Surface polarization-induced emission and stability enhancement of CsPbX 3 nanocrystals. Chem Sci 2023; 14:8914-8923. [PMID: 37621427 PMCID: PMC10445435 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02109b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the polarization effect has been receiving tremendous attention, as it can result in improved stability and charge transfer efficiency of metal-halide perovskites (MHPs). However, realizing the polarization effect on CsPbX3 NCs still remains a challenge. Here, metal ions with small radii (such as Mg2+, Li+, Ni2+, etc.) are introduced on the surface of CsPbX3 NCs, which facilitate the arising of electric dipole and surface polarization. The surface polarization effect promotes redistribution of the surface electron density, leading to reinforced surface ligand bonding, reduced surface defects, near unity photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs), and enhanced stability. Moreover, further introduction of hydroiodic acid results in the in situ formation of tert-butyl iodide (TBI), which facilitates the successful synthesis of pure iodine-based CsPbI3 NCs with high PLQY (95.3%) and stability under ambient conditions. The results of this work provide sufficient evidence to exhibit the crucial role of the surface polarization effect, which promotes the synthesis of high-quality MHPs and their applications in the fields of optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keqiang Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences Hangzhou 311305 China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, China University of Geosciences Shenzhen 518052 China
| | - Zixin Gu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Zhiqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Mengyu Guan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xiu Tan
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Wanqing Xu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Ji
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Weiqi Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
| | - Yueli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology Wuhan 430070 P. R. China
| | - Guogang Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Chemistry, China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 P. R. China
- Zhejiang Institute, China University of Geosciences Hangzhou 311305 China
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11
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Kobbekaduwa K, Liu E, Zhao Q, Bains JS, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zheng H, Li D, Cai T, Chen O, Rao AM, Beard MC, Luther JM, Gao J. Ultrafast Carrier Drift Transport Dynamics in CsPbI 3 Perovskite Nanocrystalline Thin Films. ACS NANO 2023; 17:13997-14004. [PMID: 37450660 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
We study the early time carrier drift dynamics in CsPbI3 nanocrystal thin films with a sub 25 ps time resolution. Prior to trapping, carriers exhibit band-like transport characteristics, which is similar to those of traditional semiconductor solar absorbers including Si and GaAs due to optical phonon and carrier scattering at high temperatures. In contrast to the popular polaron scattering mechanism, the CsPbI3 nanocrystal thin film demonstrates the strongest optical phonon scattering mechanism among other inorganic-organic hybrid perovskites, Si, and GaAs. This ultrafast dynamics study establishes a foundation for understanding the fundamental carrier drift properties that drive perovskite nanocrystal optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanishka Kobbekaduwa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Exian Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Qian Zhao
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jasjit Singh Bains
- Department of Chemistry, Yousef Haj-Ahmad Department of Engineering, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Way, St Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Shi
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, People's Republic of China
| | - Haimei Zheng
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Dawen Li
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for Materials for Information Technology, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487, United States
| | - Tong Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Ou Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States
| | - Apparao M Rao
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina 29634, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Jianbo Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Yousef Haj-Ahmad Department of Engineering, Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Way, St Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
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Wang S, Zhao Q, Hazarika A, Li S, Wu Y, Zhai Y, Chen X, Luther JM, Li G. Thermal tolerance of perovskite quantum dots dependent on A-site cation and surface ligand. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2216. [PMID: 37072445 PMCID: PMC10113222 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
A detailed picture of temperature dependent behavior of CsxFA1-xPbI3 perovskite quantum dots across the composition range is constructed by performing in situ optical spectroscopic and structural measurements, supported by theoretical calculations that focus on the relation between A-site chemical composition and surface ligand binding. The thermal degradation mechanism depends not only on the exact chemical composition, but also on the ligand binding energy. The thermal degradation of Cs-rich perovskite quantum dots is induced by a phase transition from black γ-phase to yellow δ-phase, while FA-rich perovskite quantum dots with higher ligand binding energy directly decompose into PbI2. Quantum dot growth to form large bulk size grain is observed for all CsxFA1-xPbI3 perovskite quantum dots at elevated temperatures. In addition, FA-rich quantum dots possess stronger electron-longitudinal optical phonon coupling, suggesting that photogenerated excitons in FA-rich quantum dots have higher probability to be dissociated by phonon scattering compared to Cs-rich quantum dots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qian Zhao
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Abhijit Hazarika
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Simiao Li
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yaxin Zhai
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Xihan Chen
- SUSTech Energy Institute for Carbon Neutrality, Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Guoran Li
- Institute of New Energy Material Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China.
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13
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Fu J, Liu J, Yuan L, Pan Q, Chen S, Hu Y, Chen J, Ma W, Zhang Q, Liu Z, Cao M. 3D/2D Core/Shell Perovskite Nanocrystals for High-Performance Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207312. [PMID: 36725364 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
All-inorganic lead halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) emerge as a rising star in photovoltaic fields on account of their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, it still remains challenging to further promote photovoltaic efficiency due to the susceptible surface and inevitable vacancies. Here, this work reports a 3D/2D core/shell perovskite heterojunction based on CsPbI3 NCs and its performance in solar cells. The guanidinium (GA+ ) rich 2D nanoshells can significantly passivate surface trap states and lower the capping ligand density, resulting in improved photoelectric properties and carrier transport and diminished nonradiative recombination centers via the hydrogen bonds from amino groups in GA+ ions. Consequently, an outstanding power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 15.53% is realized, substantially higher than the control device (13.77%). This work highlights the importance of surface chemistry and offers a feasible avenue to achieve high-performance perovskite NCs-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qi Pan
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yiqi Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wanli Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Zeke Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P. R. China
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14
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Cuadra L, Salcedo-Sanz S, Nieto-Borge JC. Carrier Transport in Colloidal Quantum Dot Intermediate Band Solar Cell Materials Using Network Science. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3797. [PMID: 36835214 PMCID: PMC9960920 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have been proposed to obtain intermediate band (IB) materials. The IB solar cell can absorb sub-band-gap photons via an isolated IB within the gap, generating extra electron-hole pairs that increase the current without degrading the voltage, as has been demonstrated experimentally for real cells. In this paper, we model the electron hopping transport (HT) as a network embedded in space and energy so that a node represents the first excited electron state localized in a CQD while a link encodes the Miller-Abrahams (MA) hopping rate for the electron to hop from one node (=state) to another, forming an "electron-HT network". Similarly, we model the hole-HT system as a network so that a node encodes the first hole state localized in a CQD while a link represents the MA hopping rate for the hole to hop between nodes, leading to a "hole-HT network". The associated network Laplacian matrices allow for studying carrier dynamics in both networks. Our simulations suggest that reducing both the carrier effective mass in the ligand and the inter-dot distance increases HT efficiency. We have found a design constraint: It is necessary for the average barrier height to be larger than the energetic disorder to not degrade intra-band absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cuadra
- Department of Signal Processing and Communications, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Physics and Mathematics, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sancho Salcedo-Sanz
- Department of Signal Processing and Communications, University of Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
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Scalon L, Freitas FS, Marques FDC, Nogueira AF. Tiny spots to light the future: advances in synthesis, properties, and application of perovskite nanocrystals in solar cells. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:907-941. [PMID: 36629010 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05043a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites are in the hotspot of material science and technology. Outstanding properties have been discovered, fundamental mechanisms of defect formation and degradation elucidated, and applications in a wide variety of optoelectronic devices demonstrated. Advances through adjusting the bulk-perovskite composition, as well as the integration of layered and nanostructured perovskites in the devices, allowed improvement in performance and stability. Recently, efforts have been devoted to investigating the effects of quantum confinement in perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) aiming to fabricate optoelectronic devices based solely on these nanoparticles. In general, the applications are focused on light-emitting diodes, especially because of the high color purity and high fluorescence quantum yield obtained in PNCs. Likewise, they present important characteristics featured for photovoltaic applications, highlighting the possibility of stabilizing photoactive phases that are unstable in their bulk analog, the fine control of the bandgap through size change, low defect density, and compatibility with large-scale deposition techniques. Despite the progress made in the last years towards the improvement in the performance and stability of PNCs-based solar cells, their efficiency is still much lower than that obtained with bulk perovskite, and discussions about upscaling of this technology are scarce. In light of this, we address in this review recent routes towards efficiency improvement and the up-scaling of PNC solar cells, emphasizing synthesis management and strategies for solar cell fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Scalon
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
| | - Flavio Santos Freitas
- Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais 30421-169, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Flávia Nogueira
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil.
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Busatto S, Spallacci C, Meeldijk JD, Howes S, de Mello Donega C. Room-Temperature Interconversion Between Ultrathin CdTe Magic-Size Nanowires Induced by Ligand Shell Dynamics. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:15280-15297. [PMID: 36147520 PMCID: PMC9483966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c04113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation mechanisms of colloidal magic-size semiconductor nanostructures have remained obscure. Herein, we report the room temperature synthesis of three species of ultrathin CdTe magic-size nanowires (MSNWs) with diameters of 0.7 ± 0.1 nm, 0.9 ± 0.2 nm, and 1.1 ± 0.2 nm, and lowest energy exciton transitions at 373, 418, and 450 nm, respectively. The MSNWs are obtained from Cd(oleate)2 and TOP-Te, provided diphenylphosphine and a primary alkylamine (RNH2) are present at sufficiently high concentrations, and exhibit sequential, discontinuous growth. The population of each MSNW species is entirely determined by the RNH2 concentration [RNH2] so that single species are only obtained at specific concentrations, while mixtures are obtained at concentrations intermediate between the specific ones. Moreover, the MSNWs remain responsive to [RNH2], interconverting from thinner to thicker upon [RNH2] decrease and from thicker to thinner upon [RNH2] increase. Our results allow us to propose a mechanism for the formation and interconversion of CdTe MSNWs and demonstrate that primary alkylamines play crucial roles in all four elementary kinetic steps (viz., monomer formation, nucleation, growth in length, and interconversion between species), thus being the decisive element in the creation of a reaction pathway that leads exclusively to CdTe MSNWs. The insights provided by our work thus contribute toward unravelling the mechanisms behind the formation of shape-controlled and atomically precise magic-size semiconductor nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Busatto
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Spallacci
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes D. Meeldijk
- Materials
Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Stuart Howes
- Structural
Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Celso de Mello Donega
- Condensed
Matter and Interfaces, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
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