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Li X, Li M, Liu Y, Jie Y, Li W, Chen Y, Huang F, Zhang Y, Sohail TM, Wang S, Zhu X, Cheng T, Gu MD, Jiao S, Cao R. Fast Interfacial Defluorination Kinetics Enables Stable Cycling of Low-Temperature Lithium Metal Batteries. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:17023-17031. [PMID: 38753972 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The development of low-temperature lithium metal batteries (LMBs) encounters significant challenges because of severe dendritic lithium growth during the charging/discharging processes. To date, the precise origin of lithium dendrite formation still remains elusive due to the intricate interplay between the highly reactive lithium metal anode and organic electrolytes. Herein, we unveil the critical role of interfacial defluorination kinetics of localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) in regulating lithium dendrite formation, thereby determining the performance of low-temperature LMBs. We investigate the impact of solvation structures of LHCEs on low-temperature LMBs by employing tetrahydrofuran (THF) and 2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF) as comparative solvents. The combination of comprehensive characterizations and theoretical simulations reveals that the THF-based LHCE featured with a strong solvation strength exhibits fast interfacial defluorination reaction kinetics, thus leading to the formation of an amorphous and inorganic-rich solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) that can effectively suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. As a result, the highly reversible Li metal anode achieves an exceptional Coulombic efficiency (CE) of up to ∼99.63% at a low temperature of -30 °C, thereby enabling stable cycling of low-temperature LMB full cells. These findings underscore the crucial role of electrolyte interfacial reaction kinetics in shaping SEI formation and provide valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of electrolyte chemistry in LMBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinpeng Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Menghao Li
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315000, PR China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, PR China
| | - Yue Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Yulin Jie
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Wanxia Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yawei Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Fanyang Huang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tahir Muhammad Sohail
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Shiyang Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xingbao Zhu
- Gotion High-tech Co., Ltd., Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - M Danny Gu
- Eastern Institute for Advanced Study, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315000, PR China
| | - Shuhong Jiao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Ruiguo Cao
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
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Lin L, Yue K, Xia L, Yan X, Zheng H, Zhang Y, Sa B, Li J, Wang L, Lin J, Liu Y, Wei G, Peng DL, Xie Q. Tailoring Li Deposition by Regulating Structural Connectivity of Electrochemical Li Reservoir in Li-metal Batteries. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319847. [PMID: 38195861 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Irregular Li deposition is the major reason for poor reversibility and cycle instability in Li metal batteries, even leading to safety hazards, the causes of which have been extensively explored. The structural disconnection induced by completely dissolving Li in the traditional testing protocol is a key factor accounting for irregular Li growth during the subsequent deposition process. Herein, the critical role played by the structural connectivity of electrochemical Li reservoir in subsequent Li deposition behaviors is elucidated and a morphology-performance correlation is established. The structural connection and resultant well-distributed morphology of the in situ electrochemical Li reservoir ensure efficient electron transfer and Li+ diffusion pathway, finally leading to homogenized Li nucleation and growth. Tailoring the geometry of Li reservoir can improve the coulombic efficiency and cyclability of anode-free Li metal batteries by optimizing Li deposition behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Lin
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Ke Yue
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Li Xia
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolin Yan
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Hongfei Zheng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yinggan Zhang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Baisheng Sa
- Multiscale Computational Materials Facility, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350100, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Li
- School of Applied Mathematics, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, P. R. China
| | - Laisen Wang
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Yujing Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Guoying Wei
- College of Materials & Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, P. R. China
| | - Dong-Liang Peng
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Qingshui Xie
- State Key Lab for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Engineering for High Performance Materials (Xiamen University), College of Materials, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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Sun Y, Zhang X, Huang R, Yang D, Kim J, Chen J, Ang EH, Li M, Li L, Song X. Revealing microscopic dynamics: in situ liquid-phase TEM for live observations of soft materials and quantitative analysis via deep learning. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:2945-2954. [PMID: 38236129 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr04480g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In various domains spanning materials synthesis, chemical catalysis, life sciences, and energy materials, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) methods exert a profound influence. These methodologies enable the real-time observation and manipulation of gas-phase and liquid-phase reactions at the nanoscale, facilitating the exploration of pivotal reaction mechanisms. Fundamental research areas like crystal nucleation, growth, etching, and self-assembly have greatly benefited from these techniques. Additionally, their applications extend across diverse fields such as catalysis, batteries, bioimaging, and drug delivery kinetics. However, the intricate nature of 'soft matter' presents a challenge due to the unique molecular properties and dynamic behavior of these substances that remain insufficiently understood. Investigating soft matter within in situ liquid-phase TEM settings demands further exploration and advancement compared to other research domains. This research harnesses the potential of in situ liquid-phase TEM technology while integrating deep learning methodologies to comprehensively analyze the quantitative aspects of soft matter dynamics. This study centers on diverse phenomena, encompassing surfactant molecule nucleation, block copolymer behavior, confinement-driven self-assembly, and drying processes. Furthermore, deep learning techniques are employed to precisely analyze Ostwald ripening and digestive ripening dynamics. The outcomes of this study not only deepen the understanding of soft matter at its fundamental level but also serve as a pivotal foundation for developing innovative functional materials and cutting-edge devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Sun
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Mechanics, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Rui Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Province, 230009, China.
| | - Dahai Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Province, 230009, China.
| | - Juyeong Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Natural Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, South Korea
| | - Junhao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Province, 230009, China.
| | - Edison Huixiang Ang
- Natural Sciences and Science Education, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore
| | - Mufan Li
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, the College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Pecking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Li
- Beijing Shunce Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 102629, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Anhui Province, 230009, China.
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Shinde SS, Wagh NK, Kim S, Lee J. Li, Na, K, Mg, Zn, Al, and Ca Anode Interface Chemistries Developed by Solid-State Electrolytes. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304235. [PMID: 37743719 PMCID: PMC10646287 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state batteries (SSBs) have received significant attention due to their high energy density, reversible cycle life, and safe operations relative to commercial Li-ion batteries using flammable liquid electrolytes. This review presents the fundamentals, structures, thermodynamics, chemistries, and electrochemical kinetics of desirable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) required to meet the practical requirements of reversible anodes. Theoretical and experimental insights for metal nucleation, deposition, and stripping for the reversible cycling of metal anodes are provided. Ion transport mechanisms and state-of-the-art solid-state electrolytes (SEs) are discussed for realizing high-performance cells. The interface challenges and strategies are also concerned with the integration of SEs, anodes, and cathodes for large-scale SSBs in terms of physical/chemical contacts, space-charge layer, interdiffusion, lattice-mismatch, dendritic growth, chemical reactivity of SEI, current collectors, and thermal instability. The recent innovations for anode interface chemistries developed by SEs are highlighted with monovalent (lithium (Li+ ), sodium (Na+ ), potassium (K+ )) and multivalent (magnesium (Mg2+ ), zinc (Zn2+ ), aluminum (Al3+ ), calcium (Ca2+ )) cation carriers (i.e., lithium-metal, lithium-sulfur, sodium-metal, potassium-ion, magnesium-ion, zinc-metal, aluminum-ion, and calcium-ion batteries) compared to those of liquid counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambhaji S. Shinde
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHanyang UniversityAnsanGyeonggi‐do15588Republic of Korea
- FLEXOLYTE Inc.Ansan15588Republic of Korea
| | - Nayantara K. Wagh
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHanyang UniversityAnsanGyeonggi‐do15588Republic of Korea
- FLEXOLYTE Inc.Ansan15588Republic of Korea
| | - Sung‐Hae Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHanyang UniversityAnsanGyeonggi‐do15588Republic of Korea
- FLEXOLYTE Inc.Ansan15588Republic of Korea
| | - Jung‐Ho Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical EngineeringHanyang UniversityAnsanGyeonggi‐do15588Republic of Korea
- FLEXOLYTE Inc.Ansan15588Republic of Korea
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Sung J, Kim SY, Harutyunyan A, Amirmaleki M, Lee Y, Son Y, Li J. Ultra-Thin Lithium Silicide Interlayer for Solid-State Lithium-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210835. [PMID: 36934743 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state batteries with metallic lithium (LiBCC ) anode and solid electrolyte (SE) are under active development. However, an unstable SE/LiBCC interface due to electrochemical and mechanical instabilities hinders their operation. Herein, an ultra-thin nanoporous mixed ionic and electronic conductor (MIEC) interlayer (≈3.25 µm), which regulates LiBCC deposition and stripping, serving as a 3D scaffold for Li0 ad-atom formation, LiBCC nucleation, and long-range transport of ions and electrons at SE/LiBCC interface is demonstrated. Consisting of lithium silicide and carbon nanotubes, the MIEC interlayer is thermodynamically stable against LiBCC and highly lithiophilic. Moreover, its nanopores (<100 nm) confine the deposited LiBCC to the size regime where LiBCC exhibits "smaller is much softer" size-dependent plasticity governed by diffusive deformation mechanisms. The LiBCC thus remains soft enough not to mechanically penetrate SE in contact. Upon further plating, LiBCC grows in between the current collector and the MIEC interlayer, not directly contacting the SE. As a result, a full-cell having Li3.75 Si-CNT/LiBCC foil as an anode and LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 as a cathode displays a high specific capacity of 207.8 mAh g-1 , 92.0% initial Coulombic efficiency, 88.9% capacity retention after 200 cycles (Coulombic efficiency reaches 99.9% after tens of cycles), and excellent rate capability (76% at 5 C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaekyung Sung
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Engineering and Convergence Technology, Gyeongsang National University, 501 Jinju-daero, Jinju, 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Maedeh Amirmaleki
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Yoonkwang Lee
- Advanced Battery Development Team, Hyundai Motor Company, Hwaseong, 18280, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonguk Son
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do, 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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6
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Gao Y, Zhang B. Probing the Mechanically Stable Solid Electrolyte Interphase and the Implications in Design Strategies. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2205421. [PMID: 36281818 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The inevitable volume expansion of secondary battery anodes during cycling imposes forces on the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). The battery performance is closely related to the capability of SEI to maintain intact under the cyclic loading conditions, which basically boils down to the mechanical properties of SEI. The volatile and complex nature of SEI as well as its nanoscale thickness and environmental sensitivity make the interpretation of its mechanical behavior many roadblocks. Widely varied approaches are adopted to investigate the mechanical properties of SEI, and diverse opinions are generated. The lack of consensus at both technical and theoretical levels has hindered the development of effective design strategies to maximize the mechanical stability of SEIs. Here, the essential and desirable mechanical properties of SEI, the available mechanical characterization methods, and important issues meriting attention for higher test accuracy are outlined. Previous attempts to optimize battery performance by tuning SEI mechanical properties are also scrutinized, inconsistencies in these efforts are elucidated, and the underlying causes are explored. Finally, a set of research protocols is proposed to accelerate the achievement of superior battery cycling performance by improving the mechanical stability of SEI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Biao Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Wang C, Lin R, He Y, Zou P, Kisslinger K, He Q, Li J, Xin HL. Tension-Induced Cavitation in Li-Metal Stripping. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209091. [PMID: 36413142 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Designing stable Li metal and supporting solid structures (SSS) is of fundamental importance in rechargeable Li-metal batteries. Yet, the stripping kinetics of Li metal and its mechanical effect on the supporting solids (including solid electrolyte interface) remain mysterious to date. Here, through nanoscale in situ observations of a solid-state Li-metal battery in an electron microscope, two distinct cavitation-mediated Li stripping modes controlled by the ratio of the SSS thickness (t) to the Li deposit's radius (r) are discovered. A quantitative criterion is established to understand the damage tolerance of SSS on the Li-metal stripping pathways. For mechanically unstable SSS (t/r < 0.21), the stripping proceeds via tension-induced multisite cavitation accompanied by severe SSS buckling and necking, ultimately leading to Li "trapping" or "dead Li" formation; for mechanically stable SSS (t/r > 0.21), the Li metal undergoes nearly planar stripping from the root via single cavitation, showing negligible buckling. This work proves the existence of an electronically conductive precursor film coated on the interior of solid electrolytes that however can be mechanically damaged, and it is of potential importance to the design of delicate Li-metal supporting structures to high-performance solid-state Li-metal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Ruoqian Lin
- Chemistry Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Yubin He
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Peichao Zou
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Kim Kisslinger
- Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Qi He
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Huolin L Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
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Dong Y, Li J. Oxide Cathodes: Functions, Instabilities, Self Healing, and Degradation Mitigations. Chem Rev 2023; 123:811-833. [PMID: 36398933 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in high-energy-density oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries has pushed the limits of lithium usage and accessible redox couples. It often invokes hybrid anion- and cation-redox (HACR), with exotic valence states such as oxidized oxygen ions under high voltages. Electrochemical cycling under such extreme conditions over an extended period can trigger various forms of chemical, electrochemical, mechanical, and microstructural degradations, which shorten the battery life and cause safety issues. Mitigation strategies require an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Here we offer a systematic overview of the functions, instabilities, and peculiar materials behaviors of the oxide cathodes. We note unusual anion and cation mobilities caused by high-voltage charging and exotic valences. It explains the extensive lattice reconstructions at room temperature in both good (plasticity and self-healing) and bad (phase change, corrosion, and damage) senses, with intriguing electrochemomechanical coupling. The insights are critical to the understanding of the unusual self-healing phenomena in ceramics (e.g., grain boundary sliding and lattice microcrack healing) and to novel cathode designs and degradation mitigations (e.g., suppressing stress-corrosion cracking and constructing reactively wetted cathode coating). Such mixed ionic-electronic conducting, electrochemically active oxides can be thought of as almost "metalized" if at voltages far from the open-circuit voltage, thus differing significantly from the highly insulating ionic materials in electronic transport and mechanical behaviors. These characteristics should be better understood and exploited for high-performance energy storage, electrocatalysis, and other emerging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing100084, China
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
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9
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Lei X, Zhao J, Wang J, Su D. Tracking lithiation with transmission electron microscopy. Sci China Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1486-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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10
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Zeng C, Liang J, Cui C, Zhai T, Li H. Dynamic Investigation of Battery Materials via Advanced Visualization: From Particle, Electrode to Cell Level. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200777. [PMID: 35363408 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Li-ion batteries, the most-popular secondary battery, are typically electrochemical systems controlled by ion-insertion dynamics. The battery dynamics involve mass transport, charge transfer, ion-electron coupled reactions, electrolyte penetration, ion solvation, and interfacial evolution. However, it is difficult for the traditional electrochemical methods to capture the accurate and individual details of the dynamic processes in "black box" batteries; instead, only the net result of multi-factors on the whole scale. Recently, different advanced visualization techniques have been developed, which provide powerful tools to track and monitor the internal real-time dynamic processes, giving intuitive details and fine information at various scales from crystal lattice, single particle, electrode to cell level. Here, the recent progress on the investigation of electrochemical dynamics in battery materials are reviewed, via developed techniques across wide timescales and space-scales, including the dynamic process inside the active particle, kinetics issues at the electrode/electrolyte interface, dynamic inhomogeneity in the electrode, and dynamic transportation at the cell level. Finally, the fundamental principles to improve the battery dynamics are summarized and new technologies for future more stringent conditions are highlighted. In prospect, this review opens sight on the battery interior for a clearer, deeper, and more thorough understanding of the dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Can Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die and Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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