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Luo W, Zhang H, Wan R, Cai Y, Liu Y, Wu Y, Yang Y, Chen J, Zhang D, Luo Z, Shang X. Biomaterials-Based Technologies in Skeletal Muscle Tissue Engineering. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304196. [PMID: 38712598 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
For many clinically prevalent severe injuries, the inherent regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle remains inadequate. Skeletal muscle tissue engineering (SMTE) seeks to meet this clinical demand. With continuous progress in biomedicine and related technologies including micro/nanotechnology and 3D printing, numerous studies have uncovered various intrinsic mechanisms regulating skeletal muscle regeneration and developed tailored biomaterial systems based on these understandings. Here, the skeletal muscle structure and regeneration process are discussed and the diverse biomaterial systems derived from various technologies are explored in detail. Biomaterials serve not merely as local niches for cell growth, but also as scaffolds endowed with structural or physicochemical properties that provide tissue regenerative cues such as topographical, electrical, and mechanical signals. They can also act as delivery systems for stem cells and bioactive molecules that have been shown as key participants in endogenous repair cascades. To achieve bench-to-bedside translation, the typical effect enabled by biomaterial systems and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms are also summarized. Insights into the roles of biomaterials in SMTE from cellular and molecular perspectives are provided. Finally, perspectives on the advancement of SMTE are provided, for which gene therapy, exosomes, and hybrid biomaterials may hold promise to make important contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Hanli Zhang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Renwen Wan
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yuxi Cai
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Yimeng Yang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Jiani Chen
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Deju Zhang
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
| | - Xiliang Shang
- Department of Sports Medicine Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P. R. China
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2
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Chen Y, Luo Z, Meng W, Liu K, Chen Q, Cai Y, Ding Z, Huang C, Zhou Z, Jiang M, Zhou L. Decoding the "Fingerprint" of Implant Materials: Insights into the Foreign Body Reaction. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2310325. [PMID: 38191783 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202310325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Foreign body reaction (FBR) is a prevalent yet often overlooked pathological phenomenon, particularly within the field of biomedical implantation. The presence of FBR poses a heavy burden on both the medical and socioeconomic systems. This review seeks to elucidate the protein "fingerprint" of implant materials, which is generated by the physiochemical properties of the implant materials themselves. In this review, the activity of macrophages, the formation of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), and the development of fibrosis capsules in the context of FBR are introduced. Additionally, the relationship between various implant materials and FBR is elucidated in detail, as is an overview of the existing approaches and technologies employed to alleviate FBR. Finally, the significance of implant components (metallic materials and non-metallic materials), surface CHEMISTRY (charge and wettability), and physical characteristics (topography, roughness, and stiffness) in establishing the protein "fingerprint" of implant materials is also well documented. In conclusion, this review aims to emphasize the importance of FBR on implant materials and provides the current perspectives and approaches in developing implant materials with anti-FBR properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangmengfan Chen
- Orthopedic Research Institution, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zeyu Luo
- Orthopedic Research Institution, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Weikun Meng
- Orthopedic Research Institution, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qiqing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Yongrui Cai
- Orthopedic Research Institution, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zichuan Ding
- Orthopedic Research Institution, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Orthopedic Research Institution, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Zongke Zhou
- Orthopedic Research Institution, Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Emergency and Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Liqiang Zhou
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
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3
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Aazmi A, Zhang D, Mazzaglia C, Yu M, Wang Z, Yang H, Huang YYS, Ma L. Biofabrication methods for reconstructing extracellular matrix mimetics. Bioact Mater 2024; 31:475-496. [PMID: 37719085 PMCID: PMC10500422 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
In the human body, almost all cells interact with extracellular matrices (ECMs), which have tissue and organ-specific compositions and architectures. These ECMs not only function as cellular scaffolds, providing structural support, but also play a crucial role in dynamically regulating various cellular functions. This comprehensive review delves into the examination of biofabrication strategies used to develop bioactive materials that accurately mimic one or more biophysical and biochemical properties of ECMs. We discuss the potential integration of these ECM-mimics into a range of physiological and pathological in vitro models, enhancing our understanding of cellular behavior and tissue organization. Lastly, we propose future research directions for ECM-mimics in the context of tissue engineering and organ-on-a-chip applications, offering potential advancements in therapeutic approaches and improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellah Aazmi
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 51817, China
| | - Corrado Mazzaglia
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mengfei Yu
- The Affiliated Stomatologic Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Allergy Center, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310014, China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Liang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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4
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Harley P, Kerins C, Gatt A, Neves G, Riccio F, Machado CB, Cheesbrough A, R'Bibo L, Burrone J, Lieberam I. Aberrant axon initial segment plasticity and intrinsic excitability of ALS hiPSC motor neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113509. [PMID: 38019651 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated neuronal excitability is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We sought to investigate how functional changes to the axon initial segment (AIS), the site of action potential generation, could impact neuronal excitability in ALS human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) motor neurons. We find that early TDP-43 and C9orf72 hiPSC motor neurons show an increase in the length of the AIS and impaired activity-dependent AIS plasticity that is linked to abnormal homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity and intrinsic hyperexcitability. In turn, these hyperactive neurons drive increased spontaneous myofiber contractions of in vitro hiPSC motor units. In contrast, late hiPSC and postmortem ALS motor neurons show AIS shortening, and hiPSC motor neurons progress to hypoexcitability. At a molecular level, aberrant expression of the AIS master scaffolding protein ankyrin-G and AIS-specific voltage-gated sodium channels mirror these dynamic changes in AIS function and excitability. Our results point toward the AIS as an important site of dysfunction in ALS motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harley
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; UCL Queen Square Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Caoimhe Kerins
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ariana Gatt
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Guilherme Neves
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Federica Riccio
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Carolina Barcellos Machado
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aimee Cheesbrough
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lea R'Bibo
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Juan Burrone
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Ivo Lieberam
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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5
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Rousseau E, Raman R, Tamir T, Bu A, Srinivasan S, Lynch N, Langer R, White FM, Cima MJ. Actuated tissue engineered muscle grafts restore functional mobility after volumetric muscle loss. Biomaterials 2023; 302:122317. [PMID: 37717406 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Damage that affects large volumes of skeletal muscle tissue can severely impact health, mobility, and quality-of-life. Efforts to restore muscle function by implanting tissue engineered muscle grafts at the site of damage have demonstrated limited restoration of force production. Various forms of mechanical and biochemical stimulation have been shown to have a potentially beneficial impact on graft maturation, vascularization, and innervation. However, these approaches yield unpredictable and incomplete recovery of functional mobility. Here we show that targeted actuation of implanted grafts, via non-invasive transcutaneous light stimulation of optogenetic engineered muscle, restores motor function to levels similar to healthy mice 2 weeks post-injury. Furthermore, we conduct phosphoproteomic analysis of actuated engineered muscle in vivo and in vitro to show that repeated muscle contraction alters signaling pathways that play key roles in skeletal muscle contractility, adaptation to injury, neurite growth, neuromuscular synapse formation, angiogenesis, and cytoskeletal remodeling. Our study uncovers changes in phosphorylation of several proteins previously unreported in the context of muscle contraction, revealing promising mechanisms for leveraging actuated muscle grafts to restore mobility after volumetric muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Rousseau
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ritu Raman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Tigist Tamir
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Angel Bu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Shriya Srinivasan
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Naomi Lynch
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Forest M White
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA; Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Michael J Cima
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
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6
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Cheesbrough A, Harley P, Riccio F, Wu L, Song W, Lieberam I. A scalable human iPSC-based neuromuscular disease model on suspended biobased elastomer nanofiber scaffolds. Biofabrication 2023; 15:045020. [PMID: 37619554 PMCID: PMC10478173 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/acf39e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Many devastating neuromuscular diseases currently lack effective treatments. This is in part due to a lack of drug discovery platforms capable of assessing complex human neuromuscular disease phenotypes in a scalable manner. A major obstacle has been generating scaffolds to stabilise mature contractile myofibers in a multi-well assay format amenable to high content image (HCI) analysis. This study describes the development of a scalable human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-neuromuscular disease model, whereby suspended elastomer nanofibers support long-term stability, alignment, maturation, and repeated contractions of iPSC-myofibers, innervated by iPSC-motor neurons in 96-well assay plates. In this platform, optogenetic stimulation of the motor neurons elicits robust myofiber-contractions, providing a functional readout of neuromuscular transmission. Additionally, HCI analysis provides rapid and automated quantification of axonal outgrowth, myofiber morphology, and neuromuscular synapse number and morphology. By incorporating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-related TDP-43G298Smutant motor neurons and CRISPR-corrected controls, key neuromuscular disease phenotypes are recapitulated, including weaker myofiber contractions, reduced axonal outgrowth, and reduced number of neuromuscular synapses. Treatment with a candidate ALS drug, the receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RIPK1)-inhibitor necrostatin-1, rescues these phenotypes in a dose-dependent manner, highlighting the potential of this platform to screen novel treatments for neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee Cheesbrough
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Harley
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Federica Riccio
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Wu
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Wenhui Song
- UCL Centre for Biomaterials in Surgical Reconstruction and Regeneration, Department of Surgical Biotechnology, Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Ivo Lieberam
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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7
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Zhao S, Chen J, Wu L, Tao X, Yaqub N, Chang J. Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Tissue-Engineered Skeletal Muscles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11520. [PMID: 37511279 PMCID: PMC10380861 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle, which comprises a significant portion of the body, is responsible for vital functions such as movement, metabolism, and overall health. However, severe injuries often result in volumetric muscle loss (VML) and compromise the regenerative capacity of the muscle. Tissue-engineered muscles offer a potential solution to address lost or damaged muscle tissue, thereby restoring muscle function and improving patients' quality of life. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a valuable cell source for muscle tissue engineering due to their pluripotency and self-renewal capacity, enabling the construction of tissue-engineered artificial skeletal muscles with applications in transplantation, disease modelling, and bio-hybrid robots. Next-generation iPSC-based models have the potential to revolutionize drug discovery by offering personalized muscle cells for testing, reducing reliance on animal models. This review provides a comprehensive overview of iPSCs in tissue-engineered artificial skeletal muscles, highlighting the advancements, applications, advantages, and challenges for clinical translation. We also discussed overcoming limitations and considerations in differentiation protocols, characterization methods, large-scale production, and translational regulations. By tackling these challenges, iPSCs can unlock transformative advancements in muscle tissue engineering and therapeutic interventions for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shudong Zhao
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Jishizhan Chen
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Lei Wu
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Xin Tao
- Department of iPS Cell Applications, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Naheem Yaqub
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
| | - Jinke Chang
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London NW3 2QG, UK
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8
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Liu L, Xu F, Jin H, Qiu B, Yang J, Zhang W, Gao Q, Lin B, Chen S, Sun D. Integrated Manufacturing of Suspended and Aligned Nanofibrous Scaffold for Structural Maturation and Synchronous Contraction of HiPSC-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:702. [PMID: 37370633 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospun nanofiber constructs represent a promising alternative for mimicking the natural extracellular matrix in vitro and have significant potential for cardiac patch applications. While the effect of fiber orientation on the morphological structure of cardiomyocytes has been investigated, fibers only provide contact guidance without accounting for substrate stiffness due to their deposition on rigid substrates (e.g., glass or polystyrene). This paper introduces an in situ fabrication method for suspended and well aligned nanofibrous scaffolds via roller electrospinning, providing an anisotropic microenvironment with reduced stiffness for cardiac tissue engineering. A fiber surface modification strategy, utilizing oxygen plasma treatment combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate solution, was proposed to maintain the hydrophilicity of polycaprolactone (PCL) fibers, promoting cellular adhesion. Human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cardiomyocytes (CMs), cultured on aligned fibers, exhibited an elongated morphology with extension along the fiber axis. In comparison to Petri dishes and suspended random fiber scaffolds, hiPSC-CMs on suspended aligned fiber scaffolds demonstrated enhanced sarcomere organization, spontaneous synchronous contraction, and gene expression indicative of maturation. This work demonstrates the suspended and aligned nano-fibrous scaffold provides a more realistic biomimetic environment for hiPSC-CMs, which promoted further research on the inducing effect of fiber scaffolds on hiPSC-CMs microstructure and gene-level expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Liu
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hang Jin
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Bin Qiu
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianhui Yang
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Wangzihan Zhang
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bin Lin
- Guangdong Beating Origin Regenerative Medicine Co., Ltd., Foshan 528231, China
| | - Songyue Chen
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Daoheng Sun
- Sabondong Micron Nano Science and Technology Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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9
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Guo R, Zhang Q, Wu Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Wang J, Duan X, Chen Q, Ge Z, Zhang Y. Extremely Strong and Tough Biodegradable Poly(urethane) Elastomers with Unprecedented Crack Tolerance via Hierarchical Hydrogen-Bonding Interactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2212130. [PMID: 36822221 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The elastomers with the combination of high strength and high toughness have always been intensively pursued due to their diverse applications. Biomedical applications frequently require elastomers with biodegradability and biocompatibility properties. It remains a great challenge to prepare the biodegradable elastomers with extremely robust mechanical properties for in vivo use. In this report, we present a polyurethane elastomer with unprecedented mechanical properties for the in vivo application as hernia patches, which was obtained by the solvent-free reaction of polycaprolactone (PCL) and isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) with N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oxamide (BHO) as the chain extender. Abundant and hierarchical hydrogen-bonding interactions inside the elastomers hinder the crystallization of PCL segments and facilitate the formation of uniformly distributed hard phase microdomains, which miraculously realize the extremely high strength and toughness with the fracture strength of 92.2 MPa and true stress of 1.9 GPa, while maintaining the elongation-at-break of ≈1900% and ultrahigh toughness of 480.2 MJ m-3 with the unprecedented fracture energy of 322.2 kJ m-2 . Hernia patches made from the elastomer via 3D printing technology exhibit outstanding mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The robust and biodegradable elastomers demonstrate considerable potentials for in vivo applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Youshen Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Hongbing Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Yanghe Liu
- Key Laboratory for Non-equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Pharmacy Health Science Center, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China
| | - Xianglong Duan
- Second Department of General Surgery, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital and Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710068, China
| | - Quan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zhishen Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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Harley P, Paredes-Redondo A, Grenci G, Viasnoff V, Lin YY, Lieberam I. 3D Compartmentalised Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Neuromuscular Co-cultures. Bio Protoc 2023; 13:e4624. [PMID: 36908638 PMCID: PMC9993083 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human neuromuscular diseases represent a diverse group of disorders with unmet clinical need, ranging from muscular dystrophies, such as Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), to neurodegenerative disorders, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In many of these conditions, axonal and neuromuscular synapse dysfunction have been implicated as crucial pathological events, highlighting the need for in vitro disease models that accurately recapitulate these aspects of human neuromuscular physiology. The protocol reported here describes the co-culture of neural spheroids composed of human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived motor neurons and astrocytes, and human PSC-derived myofibers in 3D compartmentalised microdevices to generate functional human neuromuscular circuits in vitro. In this microphysiological model, motor axons project from a central nervous system (CNS)-like compartment along microchannels to innervate skeletal myofibers plated in a separate muscle compartment. This mimics the spatial organization of neuromuscular circuits in vivo. Optogenetics, particle image velocimetry (PIV) analysis, and immunocytochemistry are used to control, record, and quantify functional neuromuscular transmission, axonal outgrowth, and neuromuscular synapse number and morphology. This approach has been applied to study disease-specific phenotypes for DMD and ALS by incorporating patient-derived and CRISPR-corrected human PSC-derived motor neurons and skeletal myogenic progenitors into the model, as well as testing candidate drugs for rescuing pathological phenotypes. The main advantages of this approach are: i) its simple design; ii) the in vivo-like anatomical separation between CNS and peripheral muscle; and iii) the amenability of the approach to high power imaging. This opens up the possibility for carrying out live axonal transport and synaptic imaging assays in future studies, in addition to the applications reported in this study. Graphical abstract Graphical abstract abbreviations: Channelrhodopsin-2 (CHR2+), pluripotent stem cell (PSC), motor neurons (MNs), myofibers (MFs), neuromuscular junction (NMJ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harley
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Amaia Paredes-Redondo
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
- Centre for Predictive in vitro Model, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Gianluca Grenci
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5a Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Virgile Viasnoff
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5a Engineering Drive 1, 117411 Singapore
| | - Yung-Yao Lin
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, 4 Newark Street, London E1 2AT, UK
- Centre for Predictive in vitro Model, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ivo Lieberam
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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Kim Y, Thangam R, Yoo J, Heo J, Park JY, Kang N, Lee S, Yoon J, Mun KR, Kang M, Min S, Kim SY, Son S, Kim J, Hong H, Bae G, Kim K, Lee S, Yang L, Lee JY, Kim J, Park S, Kim DH, Lee KB, Jang WY, Kim BH, Paulmurugan R, Cho SW, Song HC, Kang SJ, Sun W, Zhu Y, Lee J, Kim HJ, Jang HS, Kim JS, Khademhosseini A, Kim Y, Kim S, Kang H. Photoswitchable Microgels for Dynamic Macrophage Modulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205498. [PMID: 36268986 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic manipulation of supramolecular self-assembled structures is achieved irreversibly or under non-physiological conditions, thereby limiting their biomedical, environmental, and catalysis applicability. In this study, microgels composed of azobenzene derivatives stacked via π-cation and π-π interactions are developed that are electrostatically stabilized with Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-bearing anionic polymers. Lateral swelling of RGD-bearing microgels occurs via cis-azobenzene formation mediated by near-infrared-light-upconverted ultraviolet light, which disrupts intermolecular interactions on the visible-light-absorbing upconversion-nanoparticle-coated materials. Real-time imaging and molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate the deswelling of RGD-bearing microgels via visible-light-mediated trans-azobenzene formation. Near-infrared light can induce in situ swelling of RGD-bearing microgels to increase RGD availability and trigger release of loaded interleukin-4, which facilitates the adhesion structure assembly linked with pro-regenerative polarization of host macrophages. In contrast, visible light can induce deswelling of RGD-bearing microgels to decrease RGD availability that suppresses macrophage adhesion that yields pro-inflammatory polarization. These microgels exhibit high stability and non-toxicity. Versatile use of ligands and protein delivery can offer cytocompatible and photoswitchable manipulability of diverse host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramar Thangam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Institute for High Technology Materials and Devices, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jounghyun Yoo
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongyun Heo
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Yeon Park
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Nayeon Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkyu Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Yoon
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Rok Mun
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Misun Kang
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunhong Min
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeol Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Son
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihwan Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunsik Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunhyu Bae
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kanghyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyeok Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Letao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Ja Yeon Lee
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Steve Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ki-Bum Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Woo Young Jang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Hoon Kim
- Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramasamy Paulmurugan
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
- Department of Radiology, Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Seung-Woo Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Cheol Song
- Electronic Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KIST-SKKU Carbon-Neutral Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Ju Kang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Wujin Sun
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Junmin Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Ho Seong Jang
- Materials Architecturing Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- Division of Nano & Information Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, USA
| | - Yongju Kim
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehoon Kim
- Chemical and Biological Integrative Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
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Thangadurai M, Ajith A, Budharaju H, Sethuraman S, Sundaramurthi D. Advances in electrospinning and 3D bioprinting strategies to enhance functional regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213135. [PMID: 36215745 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are essential for body movement, and the loss of motor function due to volumetric muscle loss (VML) limits the mobility of patients. Current therapeutic approaches are insufficient to offer complete functional recovery of muscle damages. Tissue engineering provides viable ways to fabricate scaffolds to regenerate damaged tissues. Hence, tissue engineering options are explored to address existing challenges in the treatment options for muscle regeneration. Electrospinning is a widely employed fabrication technique to make muscle mimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for tissue regeneration. 3D bioprinting has also been utilized to fabricate muscle-like tissues in recent times. This review discusses the anatomy of skeletal muscle, defects, the healing process, and various treatment options for VML. Further, the advanced strategies in electrospinning of natural and synthetic polymers are discussed, along with the recent developments in the fabrication of hybrid scaffolds. Current approaches in 3D bioprinting of skeletal muscle tissues are outlined with special emphasis on the combination of electrospinning and 3D bioprinting towards the development of fully functional muscle constructs. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives of these convergence techniques are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumithra Thangadurai
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Athulya Ajith
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Harshavardhan Budharaju
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India
| | - Dhakshinamoorthy Sundaramurthi
- Tissue Engineering & Additive Manufacturing (TEAM) Lab, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, ABCDE Innovation Centre, School of Chemical & Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, India.
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13
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Vesga-Castro C, Aldazabal J, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Paredes J. Contractile force assessment methods for in vitro skeletal muscle tissues. eLife 2022; 11:e77204. [PMID: 35604384 PMCID: PMC9126583 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, there has been growing interest in measuring the contractile force (CF) of engineered muscle tissues to evaluate their functionality. However, there are still no standards available for selecting the most suitable experimental platform, measuring system, culture protocol, or stimulation patterns. Consequently, the high variability of published data hinders any comparison between different studies. We have identified that cantilever deflection, post deflection, and force transducers are the most commonly used configurations for CF assessment in 2D and 3D models. Additionally, we have discussed the most relevant emerging technologies that would greatly complement CF evaluation with intracellular and localized analysis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the most significant advances in CF evaluation and its critical parameters. In order to compare contractile performance across experimental platforms, we have used the specific force (sF, kN/m2), CF normalized to the calculated cross-sectional area (CSA). However, this parameter presents a high variability throughout the different studies, which indicates the need to identify additional parameters and complementary analysis suitable for proper comparison. We propose that future contractility studies in skeletal muscle constructs report detailed information about construct size, contractile area, maturity level, sarcomere length, and, ideally, the tetanus-to-twitch ratio. These studies will hopefully shed light on the relative impact of these variables on muscle force performance of engineered muscle constructs. Prospective advances in muscle tissue engineering, particularly in muscle disease models, will require a joint effort to develop standardized methodologies for assessing CF of engineered muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vesga-Castro
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
- Group of Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, UPV/EHU, Hospital Donostia - IIS BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- Group of Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, UPV/EHU, Hospital Donostia - IIS BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation, and UniversitiesMadridSpain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
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Zhao T, Zhang J, Gao X, Yuan D, Gu Z, Xu Y. Electrospun Nanofibers for Bone Regeneration: From Biomimetic Composition, Structure to Function. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:6078-6106. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01182d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, a variety of novel materials and processing technologies have been developed to prepare tissue engineering scaffolds for bone defect repair. Among them, nanofibers fabricated via electrospinning technology...
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