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Piscopo VEC, Chapleau A, Blaszczyk GJ, Sirois J, You Z, Soubannier V, Chen CXQ, Bernard G, Antel JP, Durcan TM. The use of a SOX10 reporter toward ameliorating oligodendrocyte lineage differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Glia 2024; 72:1165-1182. [PMID: 38497409 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are key players in the central nervous system, critical for the formation and maintenance of the myelin sheaths insulating axons, ensuring efficient neuronal communication. In the last decade, the use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has become essential for recapitulating and understanding the differentiation and role of OLs in vitro. Current methods include overexpression of transcription factors for rapid OL generation, neglecting the complexity of OL lineage development. Alternatively, growth factor-based protocols offer physiological relevance but struggle with efficiency and cell heterogeneity. To address these issues, we created a novel SOX10-P2A-mOrange iPSC reporter line to track and purify oligodendrocyte precursor cells. Using this reporter cell line, we analyzed an existing differentiation protocol and shed light on the origin of glial cell heterogeneity. Additionally, we have modified the differentiation protocol, toward enhancing reproducibility, efficiency, and terminal maturity. Our approach not only advances OL biology but also holds promise to accelerate research and translational work with iPSC-derived OLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio E C Piscopo
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexandra Chapleau
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gabriela J Blaszczyk
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Julien Sirois
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhipeng You
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Soubannier
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carol X-Q Chen
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Child Health and Human Development Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jack P Antel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Masui A, Hashimoto R, Matsumura Y, Yamamoto T, Nagao M, Noda T, Takayama K, Gotoh S. Micro-patterned culture of iPSC-derived alveolar and airway cells distinguishes SARS-CoV-2 variants. Stem Cell Reports 2024; 19:545-561. [PMID: 38552631 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2024.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants necessitated a rapid evaluation system for their pathogenesis. Lung epithelial cells are their entry points; however, in addition to their limited source, the culture of human alveolar epithelial cells is especially complicated. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are an alternative source of human primary stem cells. Here, we report a model for distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 variants at high resolution, using separately induced iPSC-derived alveolar and airway cells in micro-patterned culture plates. The position-specific signals induced the apical-out alveolar type 2 and multiciliated airway cells at the periphery and center of the colonies, respectively. The infection studies in each lineage enabled profiling of the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 variants: infection efficiency, tropism to alveolar and airway lineages, and their responses. These results indicate that this culture system is suitable for predicting the pathogenesis of emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Masui
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Rina Hashimoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Matsumura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamamoto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Medical-risk Avoidance Based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Institute for the Advanced Study of Human Biology (WPI-ASHBi), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Miki Nagao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takeshi Noda
- Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Ultrastructural Virology, Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Takayama
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Shimpei Gotoh
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Drug Discovery for Lung Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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3
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Nakamura T, Ueda J, Mizuno S, Honda K, Kazuno AA, Yamamoto H, Hara T, Takata A. Topologically associating domains define the impact of de novo promoter variants on autism spectrum disorder risk. Cell Genom 2024; 4:100488. [PMID: 38280381 PMCID: PMC10879036 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have demonstrated the roles of rare promoter de novo variants (DNVs). However, most promoter DNVs in ASD are not located immediately upstream of known ASD genes. In this study analyzing WGS data of 5,044 ASD probands, 4,095 unaffected siblings, and their parents, we show that promoter DNVs within topologically associating domains (TADs) containing ASD genes are significantly and specifically associated with ASD. An analysis considering TADs as functional units identified specific TADs enriched for promoter DNVs in ASD and indicated that common variants in these regions also confer ASD heritability. Experimental validation using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) showed that likely deleterious promoter DNVs in ASD can influence multiple genes within the same TAD, resulting in overall dysregulation of ASD-associated genes. These results highlight the importance of TADs and gene-regulatory mechanisms in better understanding the genetic architecture of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakamura
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Junko Ueda
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Shota Mizuno
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kurara Honda
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - An-A Kazuno
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Hirona Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tomonori Hara
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Department of Organ Anatomy, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Takata
- Laboratory for Molecular Pathology of Psychiatric Disorders, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Harley P, Kerins C, Gatt A, Neves G, Riccio F, Machado CB, Cheesbrough A, R'Bibo L, Burrone J, Lieberam I. Aberrant axon initial segment plasticity and intrinsic excitability of ALS hiPSC motor neurons. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113509. [PMID: 38019651 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysregulated neuronal excitability is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). We sought to investigate how functional changes to the axon initial segment (AIS), the site of action potential generation, could impact neuronal excitability in ALS human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) motor neurons. We find that early TDP-43 and C9orf72 hiPSC motor neurons show an increase in the length of the AIS and impaired activity-dependent AIS plasticity that is linked to abnormal homeostatic regulation of neuronal activity and intrinsic hyperexcitability. In turn, these hyperactive neurons drive increased spontaneous myofiber contractions of in vitro hiPSC motor units. In contrast, late hiPSC and postmortem ALS motor neurons show AIS shortening, and hiPSC motor neurons progress to hypoexcitability. At a molecular level, aberrant expression of the AIS master scaffolding protein ankyrin-G and AIS-specific voltage-gated sodium channels mirror these dynamic changes in AIS function and excitability. Our results point toward the AIS as an important site of dysfunction in ALS motor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Harley
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; UCL Queen Square Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, UCL, London, UK
| | - Caoimhe Kerins
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Centre for Craniofacial & Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ariana Gatt
- Queen Square Brain Bank, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Guilherme Neves
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Federica Riccio
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Carolina Barcellos Machado
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Aimee Cheesbrough
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Lea R'Bibo
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Juan Burrone
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
| | - Ivo Lieberam
- Centre for Gene Therapy & Regenerative Medicine, Kings College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Kings College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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5
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Jariyasakulroj S, Zhang W, Bai J, Zhang M, Lu Z, Chen JF. Ribosome biogenesis controls cranial suture MSC fate via the complement pathway in mouse and human iPSC models. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2370-2385. [PMID: 37977145 PMCID: PMC10724072 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Disruption of global ribosome biogenesis selectively affects craniofacial tissues with unclear mechanisms. Craniosynostosis is a congenital craniofacial disorder characterized by premature fusion of cranial suture(s) with loss of suture mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Here we focused on ribosomopathy disease gene Snord118, which encodes a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA), to genetically disturb ribosome biogenesis in suture MSCs using mouse and human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) models. Snord118 depletion exhibited p53 activation, increased cell death, reduced proliferation, and premature osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, leading to suture growth and craniosynostosis defects. Mechanistically, Snord118 deficiency causes translational dysregulation of ribosomal proteins and downregulation of complement pathway genes. Further complement pathway disruption by knockout of complement C3a receptor 1 (C3ar1) exacerbated MSC and suture defects in mutant mice, whereas activating the complement pathway rescued MSC cell fate and suture growth defects. Thus, ribosome biogenesis controls MSC fate via the complement pathway to prevent craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Jariyasakulroj
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Department of Masticatory Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Jianhui Bai
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Minjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Zhipeng Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jian-Fu Chen
- Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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Namipashaki A, Pugsley K, Liu X, Abrehart K, Lim SM, Sun G, Herold MJ, Polo JM, Bellgrove MA, Hawi Z. Integration of xeno-free single-cell cloning in CRISPR-mediated DNA editing of human iPSCs improves homogeneity and methodological efficiency of cellular disease modeling. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2515-2527. [PMID: 37977144 PMCID: PMC10724053 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The capability to generate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, in tandem with CRISPR-Cas9 DNA editing, offers great promise to understand the underlying genetic mechanisms of human disease. The low efficiency of available methods for homogeneous expansion of singularized CRISPR-transfected iPSCs necessitates the coculture of transfected cells in mixed populations and/or on feeder layers. Consequently, edited cells must be purified using labor-intensive screening and selection, culminating in inefficient editing. Here, we provide a xeno-free method for single-cell cloning of CRISPRed iPSCs achieving a clonal survival of up to 70% within 7-10 days. This is accomplished through improved viability of the transfected cells, paralleled with provision of an enriched environment for the robust establishment and proliferation of singularized iPSC clones. Enhanced cell survival was accompanied by a high transfection efficiency exceeding 97%, and editing efficiencies of 50%-65% for NHEJ and 10% for HDR, indicative of the method's utility in stem cell disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Namipashaki
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kealan Pugsley
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Kirra Abrehart
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sue Mei Lim
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy & Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Adelaide Centre for Epigenetics and the South Australian Immunogenomics Cancer Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ziarih Hawi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Tamaoki N, Siebert S, Maeda T, Ha NH, Good ML, Huang Y, Vodnala SK, Haro-Mora JJ, Uchida N, Tisdale JF, Sweeney CL, Choi U, Brault J, Koontz S, Malech HL, Yamazaki Y, Isonaka R, Goldstein DS, Kimura M, Takebe T, Zou J, Stroncek DF, Robey PG, Kruhlak MJ, Restifo NP, Vizcardo R. Self-organized yolk sac-like organoids allow for scalable generation of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells from induced pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep Methods 2023; 3:100460. [PMID: 37159663 PMCID: PMC10163025 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2023.100460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) into various types of blood cells has been well established, approaches for clinical-scale production of multipotent hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) remain challenging. We found that hiPSCs cocultured with stromal cells as spheroids (hematopoietic spheroids [Hp-spheroids]) can grow in a stirred bioreactor and develop into yolk sac-like organoids without the addition of exogenous factors. Hp-spheroid-induced organoids recapitulated a yolk sac-characteristic cellular complement and structures as well as the functional ability to generate HPCs with lympho-myeloid potential. Moreover, sequential hemato-vascular ontogenesis could also be observed during organoid formation. We demonstrated that organoid-induced HPCs can be differentiated into erythroid cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes with current maturation protocols. Notably, the Hp-spheroid system can be performed in an autologous and xeno-free manner, thereby improving the feasibility of bulk production of hiPSC-derived HPCs in clinical, therapeutic contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naritaka Tamaoki
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Stefan Siebert
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Takuya Maeda
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ngoc-Han Ha
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Meghan L. Good
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yin Huang
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Suman K. Vodnala
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Juan J. Haro-Mora
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naoya Uchida
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John F. Tisdale
- Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Colin L. Sweeney
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Uimook Choi
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julie Brault
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sherry Koontz
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Harry L. Malech
- Genetic Immunotherapy Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yamazaki
- Immune Deficiency Genetics Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Risa Isonaka
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David S. Goldstein
- Autonomic Medicine Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Masaki Kimura
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
| | - Takanori Takebe
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Developmental Biology, Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), and Division of Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jizhong Zou
- iPSC Core, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David F. Stroncek
- Cell Processing Section, Department of Transfusion Medicine, Clinical Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael J. Kruhlak
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nicholas P. Restifo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author
| | - Raul Vizcardo
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Center of Cell-based Therapy, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Corresponding author
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8
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Puigdevall P, Jerber J, Danecek P, Castellano S, Kilpinen H. Somatic mutations alter the differentiation outcomes of iPSC-derived neurons. Cell Genom 2023; 3:100280. [PMID: 37082143 PMCID: PMC10112289 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2023.100280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) as models for development and human disease has enabled the study of otherwise inaccessible tissues. A remaining challenge in developing reliable models is our limited understanding of the factors driving irregular differentiation of iPSCs, particularly the impact of acquired somatic mutations. We leveraged data from a pooled dopaminergic neuron differentiation experiment of 238 iPSC lines profiled with single-cell RNA and whole-exome sequencing to study how somatic mutations affect differentiation outcomes. We found that deleterious somatic mutations in key developmental genes, notably the BCOR gene, are strongly associated with failure in dopaminergic neuron differentiation and a larger proliferation rate in culture. We further identified broad differences in cell type composition between incorrectly and successfully differentiating lines, as well as significant changes in gene expression contributing to the inhibition of neurogenesis. Our work calls for caution in interpreting differentiation-related phenotypes in disease-modeling experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Puigdevall
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Julie Jerber
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Petr Danecek
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Sergi Castellano
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Helena Kilpinen
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire CB10 1SA, UK
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, PO Box 63, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 1, PO Box 65, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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9
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Tsuzuki S, Yamaguchi T, Okumura T, Kasai T, Ueno Y, Taniguchi H. PDGF Receptors and Signaling Are Required for 3D-Structure Formation and Differentiation of Human iPSC-Derived Hepatic Spheroids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087075. [PMID: 37108241 PMCID: PMC10138705 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human iPSC-derived liver organoids (LO) or hepatic spheroids (HS) have attracted widespread interest, and the numerous studies on them have recently provided various production protocols. However, the mechanism by which the 3D structures of LO and HS are formed from the 2D-cultured cells and the mechanism of the LO and HS maturation remain largely unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that PDGFRA is specifically induced in the cells that are suitable for HS formation and that PDGF receptors and signaling are required for HS formation and maturation. Additionally, in vivo, we show that the localization of PDGFRα is in complete agreement with mouse E9.5 hepatoblasts, which begin to form the 3D-structural liver bud from the single layer. Our results present that PDGFRA play important roles for 3D structure formation and maturation of hepatocytes in vitro and in vivo and provide a clue to elucidate the hepatocyte differentiation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syusaku Tsuzuki
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yamaguchi
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Science, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takashi Okumura
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Kasai
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Yasuharu Ueno
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
| | - Hideki Taniguchi
- Division of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-0071, Japan
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10
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Liu F, Liang C, Li Z, Zhao S, Yuan H, Yao R, Qin Z, Shangguan S, Zhang S, Zou LP, Chen Q, Gao Z, Wen S, Peng J, Yin F, Chen F, Qiu X, Luo J, Xie Y, Lu D, Zhang Y, Xie H, Li G, Zhang TJ, Luan P, Wang H, Cui X, Huang H, Liu R, Sun X, Chen C, Wu N, Wang J, Liu C, Shen Y, Gusella JF, Chen X. Haplotype-specific MAPK3 expression in 16p11.2 deletion contributes to variable neurodevelopment. Brain 2023:7069268. [PMID: 36869767 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrent proximal 16p11.2 deletion (16p11.2del) is a risk factor for diverse neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) with incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Although investigation with human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) models has confirmed disruption of neuronal development in 16p11.2del neuronal cells, which genes are responsible for abnormal cellular phenotypes and what determines the penetrance of neurodevelopmental abnormalities are unknown. We performed haplotype phasing of the 16p11.2 region in a 16p11.2del NDD cohort and generated hiPSCs for two 16p11.2del families with distinct residual haplotypes and variable NDD phenotypes. Using transcriptomic profiles and cellular phenotypes of the hiPSC-differentiated cortex neuronal cells, we revealed MAPK3 as a contributor to dysfunction in multiple pathways related to early neuronal development, with altered soma and electrophysiological properties in mature neuronal cells. Notably, MAPK3 expression in 16p11.2del neuronal cells varied based on a 132 kb 58 SNP residual haplotype, with the version composed entirely of minor alleles associated with reduced MAPK3 expression. Ten SNPs on the residual haplotype map to enhancers of MAPK3. We functionally validated six of these SNPs by luciferase assay, implicating them in the residual haplotype-specific differences in MAPK3 expression via cis-regulation. Finally, the analysis of three different cohorts of 16p11.2del subjects showed that this minor residual haplotype is associated with NDD phenotypes in 16p11.2del carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhengchang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Sen Zhao
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Haiming Yuan
- Affiliated Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, 523120, China
| | - Ruen Yao
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Zailong Qin
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Shaofang Shangguan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Shujie Zhang
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Li-Ping Zou
- Department of Pediatrics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhijie Gao
- Department of Neurology, The affiliated hospital of Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Suiwen Wen
- Department of Obstetrics, Qingyuan People's Hospital, 6th Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan, 511518, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Xiaoxia Qiu
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Jingsi Luo
- Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China
| | - Yingjun Xie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Dian Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Lab center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hua Xie
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Guozhuang Li
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Terry Jianguo Zhang
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Pengfei Luan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongying Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Xiaodai Cui
- Department of Lab center, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Hailiang Huang
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Ruize Liu
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Xiaofang Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Obstetric Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510150, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Nan Wu
- The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Key Laboratory of Big Data for Spinal Deformities, Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetic Research of Skeletal Deformity, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, all at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.,Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Upstate Medical University, NY, 13201, USA
| | - Yiping Shen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200127, China.,Genetic and Metabolic Central Laboratory, Birth Defects Prevention and Control Institute of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, 530003, China.,Division of Genetics and Genomics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.,Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, 100020, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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11
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Plumbly W, Patikas N, Field SF, Foskolou S, Metzakopian E. Derivation of nociceptive sensory neurons from hiPSCs with early patterning and temporally controlled NEUROG2 overexpression. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100341. [PMID: 36452863 PMCID: PMC9701618 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite development of protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), those used to produce sensory neurons remain difficult to replicate and result in heterogenous populations. There is a growing clinical burden of chronic pain conditions, highlighting the need for relevant human cellular models. This study presents a hybrid differentiation method to produce nociceptive sensory neurons from hPSCs. Lines harboring an inducible NEUROG2 construct were patterned toward precursors with small molecules followed by NEUROG2 overexpression. Neurons expressed key markers, including BRN3A and ISL1, with single-cell RNA sequencing, revealing populations of nociceptors expressing SCN9A and TRP channels. Physiological profiling with multi-electrode arrays revealed that neurons responded to noxious stimuli, including capsaicin. Finally, we modeled pain-like states to identify genes and pathways involved in pain transduction. This study presents an optimized method to efficiently produce nociceptive sensory neurons and provides a tool to aid development of chronic pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Plumbly
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nikolaos Patikas
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sarah F. Field
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stefanie Foskolou
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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12
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Kozlova A, Zhang S, Kotlar AV, Jamison B, Zhang H, Shi S, Forrest MP, McDaid J, Cutler DJ, Epstein MP, Zwick ME, Pang ZP, Sanders AR, Warren ST, Gejman PV, Mulle JG, Duan J. Loss of function of OTUD7A in the schizophrenia- associated 15q13.3 deletion impairs synapse development and function in human neurons. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1500-1519. [PMID: 35931052 PMCID: PMC9388388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying causative gene(s) within disease-associated large genomic regions of copy-number variants (CNVs) is challenging. Here, by targeted sequencing of genes within schizophrenia (SZ)-associated CNVs in 1,779 SZ cases and 1,418 controls, we identified three rare putative loss-of-function (LoF) mutations in OTU deubiquitinase 7A (OTUD7A) within the 15q13.3 deletion in cases but none in controls. To tie OTUD7A LoF with any SZ-relevant cellular phenotypes, we modeled the OTUD7A LoF mutation, rs757148409, in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived induced excitatory neurons (iNs) by CRISPR-Cas9 engineering. The mutant iNs showed a ∼50% decrease in OTUD7A expression without undergoing nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. The mutant iNs also exhibited marked reduction of dendritic complexity, density of synaptic proteins GluA1 and PSD-95, and neuronal network activity. Congruent with the neuronal phenotypes in mutant iNs, our transcriptomic analysis showed that the set of OTUD7A LoF-downregulated genes was enriched for those relating to synapse development and function and was associated with SZ and other neuropsychiatric disorders. These results suggest that OTUD7A LoF impairs synapse development and neuronal function in human neurons, providing mechanistic insight into the possible role of OTUD7A in driving neuropsychiatric phenotypes associated with the 15q13.3 deletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Kozlova
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Siwei Zhang
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Alex V Kotlar
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Pillar Biosciences Inc., Natick, MA 01760, USA
| | - Brendan Jamison
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Hanwen Zhang
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Serena Shi
- Winston Churchill High School, Potomac, MD 20854, USA
| | - Marc P Forrest
- Department of Neuroscience, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Center for Autism and Neurodevelopment, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John McDaid
- Department of Neurosurgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - David J Cutler
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael P Epstein
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Michael E Zwick
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Senior Vice President for Research, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Alan R Sanders
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Stephen T Warren
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Pablo V Gejman
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Jennifer G Mulle
- Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Jubao Duan
- Center for Psychiatric Genetics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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13
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Tasnim F, Huang X, Lee CZW, Ginhoux F, Yu H. Recent Advances in Models of Immune-Mediated Drug-Induced Liver Injury. Front Toxicol 2022; 3:605392. [PMID: 35295156 PMCID: PMC8915912 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.605392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic inflammation is a key feature of a variety of liver diseases including drug-induced liver injury (DILI), orchestrated by the innate immune response (Kupffer cells, monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic cells) and the adaptive immune system (T cells and natural killer T cells). In contrast to acute DILI, prediction of immune-mediated DILI (im-DILI) has been more challenging due to complex disease pathogenesis, lack of reliable models and limited knowledge of underlying mechanisms. This review summarizes in vivo and in vitro systems that have been used to model im-DILI. In particular, the review focuses on state-of-the-art in vitro human-based multicellular models which have been developed to supplement the use of in vivo models due to interspecies variation and increasing ethical concerns regarding animal use. Advantages of the co-cultures in maintaining hepatocyte functions and importantly, introducing heterotypic cell-cell interactions to mimic inflammatory hepatic microenvironment are discussed. Challenges regarding cell source and incorporation of different cells with physical cell-cell contact are outlined and potential solutions are proposed. It is likely that better understanding of the interplay of immune cells in liver models will allow for the development of more accurate systems to better predict hepatotoxicity and stratification of drugs that can cause immune-mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Tasnim
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaozhong Huang
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christopher Zhe Wei Lee
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Florent Ginhoux
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore.,Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Translational Immunology Institute, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Innovations in Food & Chemical Safety Programme, ASTAR, Singapore, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The Nanos, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,National University of Singapore (NUS) Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, Centre for Life Sciences, Singapore, Singapore.,T-Labs, Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore, Singapore.,Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Groups (CAMP-IRG), Singapore-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
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14
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Lin X, Rong C, Wu S. Two Sets of Compound Complex Driving for High Efficiency of Nonintegration Reprogramming of Human Fibroblasts. Cell Reprogram 2022; 24:71-79. [PMID: 35255219 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2021.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, plentiful chemical-assisted methods have been applied for mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). It has been reported that small-molecule compounds can only reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts into mouse chemically induced pluripotent stem cells (mouse CiPSCs). However, human CiPSCs have not been reported. Therefore, it is still necessary to search for safer chemically assisted human pluripotent stem cells, which might realize the potential of human iPSCs. Here, we developed two sets of chemical cocktails to greatly improve the induction efficiency of human nonintegrated iPSCs, including the 4 compound mixture (4M) and the 5 compound mixture (4MI). These two sets of complex driving strategies might greatly improve the reprogramming efficiency to generate integration-free iPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Lin
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,China-World Bright-Future Education Development Organization, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiping Rong
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shouhai Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Kerk SY, Bai Y, Smith J, Lalgudi P, Hunt C, Kuno J, Nuara J, Yang T, Lanza K, Chan N, Coppola A, Tang Q, Espert J, Jones H, Fannell C, Zambrowicz B, Chiao E. Homozygous ALS-linked FUS P525L mutations cell- autonomously perturb transcriptome profile and chemoreceptor signaling in human iPSC microglia. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:678-692. [PMID: 35120624 PMCID: PMC9039753 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a fatal disease pathologically typified by motor and cortical neurodegeneration as well as microgliosis. The FUS P525L mutation is highly penetrant and causes ALS cases with earlier disease onset and more aggressive progression. To date, how P525L mutations may affect microglia during ALS pathogenesis had not been explored. In this study, we engineered isogenic control and P525L mutant FUS in independent human iPSC lines and differentiated them into microglia-like cells. We report that the P525L mutation causes FUS protein to mislocalize from the nucleus to cytoplasm. Homozygous P525L mutations perturb the transcriptome profile in which many differentially expressed genes are associated with microglial functions. Specifically, the dysregulation of several chemoreceptor genes leads to altered chemoreceptor-activated calcium signaling. However, other microglial functions such as phagocytosis and cytokine release are not significantly affected. Our study underscores the cell-autonomous effects of the ALS-linked FUS P525L mutation in a human microglia model. FUS P525L mutation causes FUS protein mislocalization in human microglia-like cells Homozygous P525L mutations perturb transcriptome profile of microglia-like cells Dysregulated chemoreceptor genes lead to altered chemoreceptor calcium signaling Effects of homozygous P525L occur cell-autonomously in this human microglia model
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Yen Kerk
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
| | - Yu Bai
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Janell Smith
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | - Junko Kuno
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - John Nuara
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | - Tao Yang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Newton Chan
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | - Qian Tang
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Eric Chiao
- Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Tarrytown, NY 10591, USA.
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16
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Achberger K, Cipriano M, Düchs MJ, Schön C, Michelfelder S, Stierstorfer B, Lamla T, Kauschke SG, Chuchuy J, Roosz J, Mesch L, Cora V, Pars S, Pashkovskaia N, Corti S, Hartmann SM, Kleger A, Kreuz S, Maier U, Liebau S, Loskill P. Human stem cell-based retina on chip as new translational model for validation of AAV retinal gene therapy vectors. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:2242-2256. [PMID: 34525384 PMCID: PMC8452599 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapies using adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) are among the most promising strategies to treat or even cure hereditary and acquired retinal diseases. However, the development of new efficient AAV vectors is slow and costly, largely because of the lack of suitable non-clinical models. By faithfully recreating structure and function of human tissues, human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived retinal organoids could become an essential part of the test cascade addressing translational aspects. Organ-on-chip (OoC) technology further provides the capability to recapitulate microphysiological tissue environments as well as a precise control over structural and temporal parameters. By employing our recently developed retina on chip that merges organoid and OoC technology, we analyzed the efficacy, kinetics, and cell tropism of seven first- and second-generation AAV vectors. The presented data demonstrate the potential of iPSC-based OoC models as the next generation of screening platforms for future gene therapeutic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Achberger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madalena Cipriano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Matthias J Düchs
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Christian Schön
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | | | | | - Thorsten Lamla
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan G Kauschke
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Johanna Chuchuy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Roosz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Lena Mesch
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Virginia Cora
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selin Pars
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalia Pashkovskaia
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Serena Corti
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sophia-Marie Hartmann
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sebastian Kreuz
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Udo Maier
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riss, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Loskill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; 3R-Center for In vitro Models and Alternatives to Animal Testing, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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17
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Cho S, Lee H, Jung M, Hong K, Woo SH, Lee YS, Kim BJ, Jeon MY, Seo J, Mun JY. Neuromyelitis optica (NMO)-IgG-driven organelle reorganization in human iPSC-derived astrocytes. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21894. [PMID: 34460995 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202100637r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune disease that primarily targets astrocytes. Autoantibodies (NMO-IgG) against the water channel protein, aquaporin 4 (AQP4), are a serologic marker in NMO patients, and they are known to be responsible for the pathophysiology of the disease. In the brain, AQP4 is mainly expressed in astrocytes, especially at the end-feet, where they form the blood-brain barrier. Following the interaction between NMO-IgG and AQP4 in astrocytes, rapid AQP4 endocytosis initiates pathogenesis. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of astrocyte destruction by autoantibodies remain largely elusive. We established an in vitro human astrocyte model system using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) technology in combination with NMO patient-derived serum and IgG to elucidate the cellular and functional changes caused by NMO-IgG. Herein, we observed that NMO-IgG induces structural alterations in mitochondria and their association with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes at the ultrastructural level, which potentially leads to impaired mitochondrial functions and dynamics. Indeed, human astrocytes display impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and autophagy activity in the presence of NMO-IgG. We further demonstrated NMO-IgG-driven ER membrane deformation into a multilamellar structure in human astrocytes. Together, we show that NMO-IgG rearranges cellular organelles and alter their functions and that our in vitro system using human iPSCs offers previously unavailable experimental opportunities to study the pathophysiological mechanisms of NMO in human astrocytes or conduct large-scale screening for potential therapeutic compounds targeting astrocytic abnormalities in patients with NMO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhee Cho
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Minkyo Jung
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Kirim Hong
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Seung-Hwa Woo
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Sam Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Byoung Joon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Jeon
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsoo Seo
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Mun
- Neural Circuit Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, South Korea
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18
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Xu R, Boreland AJ, Li X, Erickson C, Jin M, Atkins C, Pang ZP, Daniels BP, Jiang P. Developing human pluripotent stem cell-based cerebral organoids with a controllable microglia ratio for modeling brain development and pathology. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1923-1937. [PMID: 34297942 PMCID: PMC8365109 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia play critical roles in brain development, homeostasis, and disease. Microglia in animal models cannot accurately model human microglia due to notable transcriptomic and functional differences between human and other animal microglia. Incorporating human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived microglia into brain organoids provides unprecedented opportunities to study human microglia. However, an optimized method that integrates appropriate amounts of microglia into brain organoids at a proper time point, resembling in vivo brain development, is still lacking. Here, we report a new brain region-specific, microglia-containing organoid model by co-culturing hPSC-derived primitive neural progenitor cells and primitive macrophage progenitors. In the organoids, the number of human microglia can be controlled, and microglia exhibit phagocytic activity and synaptic pruning function. Furthermore, human microglia respond to Zika virus infection of the organoids. Our findings establish a new microglia-containing brain organoid model that will serve to study human microglial function in a variety of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjie Xu
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| | - Andrew J Boreland
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Graduate Program in Molecular Biosciences, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Li
- Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caroline Erickson
- Summer Undergraduate Research Program in Neuroscience (NeuroSURP), Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Mengmeng Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Colm Atkins
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Zhiping P Pang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology and Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Brian P Daniels
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Peng Jiang
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
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19
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Imamura K, Sakurai Y, Enami T, Shibukawa R, Nishi Y, Ohta A, Shu T, Kawaguchi J, Okada S, Hoenen T, Yasuda J, Inoue H. iPSC screening for drug repurposing identifies anti-RNA virus agents modulating host cell susceptibility. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:1452-1464. [PMID: 33822489 PMCID: PMC8091584 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pathogenic RNA viruses are threats to public health because they are prone to escaping the human immune system through mutations of genomic RNA, thereby causing local outbreaks and global pandemics of emerging or re-emerging viral diseases. While specific therapeutics and vaccines are being developed, a broad-spectrum therapeutic agent for RNA viruses would be beneficial for targeting newly emerging and mutated RNA viruses. In this study, we conducted a screen of repurposed drugs using Sendai virus (an RNA virus of the family Paramyxoviridae), with human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to explore existing drugs that may present anti-RNA viral activity. Selected hit compounds were evaluated for their efficacy against two important human pathogens: Ebola virus (EBOV) using Huh7 cells and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) using Vero E6 cells. Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including raloxifene, exhibited antiviral activities against EBOV and SARS-CoV-2. Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, also exhibited antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2, and both raloxifene and pioglitazone presented a synergistic antiviral effect. Finally, we demonstrated that SERMs blocked entry steps of SARS-CoV-2 into host cells. These findings suggest that the identified FDA-approved drugs can modulate host cell susceptibility against RNA viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Imamura
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Sakurai
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Takako Enami
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ran Shibukawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Nishi
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | | | - Sayaka Okada
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jiro Yasuda
- Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine (NEKKEN), Nagasaki University, Japan.,National Research Center for the Control and Prevention of Infectious Diseases (CCPID), Nagasaki University, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Japan.,iPSC-Based Drug Discovery and Development Team, RIKEN BioResource Research Center (BRC), Kyoto, Japan.,Medical-risk Avoidance based on iPS Cells Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP), Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Bachmann S, Linde J, Bell M, Spehr M, Zempel H, Zimmer-Bensch G. DNA Methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) Shapes Neuronal Activity of Human iPSC-Derived Glutamatergic Cortical Neurons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2034. [PMID: 33670788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms are emerging key players for the regulation of brain function, synaptic activity, and the formation of neuronal engrams in health and disease. As one important epigenetic mechanism of transcriptional control, DNA methylation was reported to distinctively modulate synaptic activity in excitatory and inhibitory cortical neurons in mice. Since DNA methylation signatures are responsive to neuronal activity, DNA methylation seems to contribute to the neuron's capacity to adapt to and integrate changing activity patterns, being crucial for the plasticity and functionality of neuronal circuits. Since most studies addressing the role of DNA methylation in the regulation of synaptic function were conducted in mice or murine neurons, we here asked whether this functional implication applies to human neurons as well. To this end, we performed calcium imaging in human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived excitatory cortical neurons forming synaptic contacts and neuronal networks in vitro. Treatment with DNMT1 siRNA that diminishs the expression of the DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) was conducted to investigate the functional relevance of DNMT1 as one of the main enzymes executing DNA methylations in the context of neuronal activity modulation. We observed a lowered proportion of actively firing neurons upon DNMT1-knockdown in these iPSC-derived excitatory neurons, pointing to a correlation of DNMT1-activity and synaptic transmission. Thus, our experiments suggest that DNMT1 decreases synaptic activity of human glutamatergic neurons and underline the relevance of epigenetic regulation of synaptic function also in human excitatory neurons.
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21
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Krishnamoorthi MK, Sarig U, Baruch L, Ting S, Reuveny S, Oh S, Goldfracht I, Gepstein L, Venkatraman SS, Tan LP, Machluf M. Robust Fabrication of Composite 3D Scaffolds with Tissue-Specific Bioactivity: A Proof-of-Concept Study. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2020; 3:4974-4986. [PMID: 35021675 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The basic requirement of any engineered scaffold is to mimic the native tissue extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite substantial strides in understanding the ECM, scaffold fabrication processes of sufficient product robustness and bioactivity require further investigation, owing to the complexity of the natural ECM. A promising bioacive platform for cardiac tissue engineering is that of decellularized porcine cardiac ECM (pcECM, used here as a soft tissue representative model). However, this platform's complexity and batch-to-batch variability serve as processing limitations in attaining a robust and tunable cardiac tissue-specific bioactive scaffold. To address these issues, we fabricated 3D composite scaffolds (3DCSs) that demonstrate comparable physical and biochemical properties to the natural pcECM using wet electrospinning and functionalization with a pcECM hydrogel. The fabricated 3DCSs are non-immunogenic in vitro and support human mesenchymal stem cells' proliferation. Most importantly, the 3DCSs demonstrate tissue-specific bioactivity in inducing spontaneous cardiac lineage differentiation in human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) and further support the viability, functionality, and maturation of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes. Overall, this work illustrates the technology to fabricate robust yet tunable 3D scaffolds of tissue-specific bioactivity (with a proof of concept provided for cardiac tissues) as a platform for basic materials science studies and possible future R&D application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthu Kumar Krishnamoorthi
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.,Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Udi Sarig
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore.,Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 32000, Israel.,Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Guangdong-Technion Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong Province, 515063 P.R. China
| | - Limor Baruch
- Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Sherwin Ting
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Shaul Reuveny
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Steve Oh
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, A*STAR, 20 Biopolis Way, 138668 Singapore
| | - Idit Goldfracht
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Efron St 1, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Lior Gepstein
- The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Efron St 1, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Subramanian S Venkatraman
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Lay Poh Tan
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Marcelle Machluf
- Faculty of Biotechnology & Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 32000, Israel
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22
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Najm R, Zalocusky KA, Zilberter M, Yoon SY, Hao Y, Koutsodendris N, Nelson M, Rao A, Taubes A, Jones EA, Huang Y. In Vivo Chimeric Alzheimer's Disease Modeling of Apolipoprotein E4 Toxicity in Human Neurons. Cell Rep 2020; 32:107962. [PMID: 32726626 PMCID: PMC7430173 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite its clear impact on Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, apolipoprotein (apo) E4's contributions to AD etiology remain poorly understood. Progress in answering this and other questions in AD research has been limited by an inability to model human-specific phenotypes in an in vivo environment. Here we transplant human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neurons carrying normal apoE3 or pathogenic apoE4 into human apoE3 or apoE4 knockin mouse hippocampi, enabling us to disentangle the effects of apoE4 produced in human neurons and in the brain environment. Using single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), we identify key transcriptional changes specific to human neuron subtypes in response to endogenous or exogenous apoE4. We also find that Aβ from transplanted human neurons forms plaque-like aggregates, with differences in localization and interaction with microglia depending on the transplant and host apoE genotype. These findings highlight the power of in vivo chimeric disease modeling for studying AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsey Najm
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Kelly A Zalocusky
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanxia Hao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maxine Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Alice Taubes
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Emily A Jones
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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23
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Kim A, García-García E, Straccia M, Comella-Bolla A, Miguez A, Masana M, Alberch J, Canals JM, Rodríguez MJ. Reduced Fractalkine Levels Lead to Striatal Synaptic Plasticity Deficits in Huntington's Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:163. [PMID: 32625064 PMCID: PMC7314984 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder in which the striatum is the most affected brain region. Although a chronic inflammatory microglial reaction that amplifies disease progression has been described in HD patients, some murine models develop symptoms without inflammatory microglial activation. Thus, dysfunction of non-inflammatory microglial activity could also contribute to the early HD pathological process. Here, we show the involvement of microglia and particularly fractalkine signaling in the striatal synaptic dysfunction of R6/1 mice. We found reduced fractalkine gene expression and protein concentration in R6/1 striata from 8 to 20 weeks of age. Consistently, we also observed a down-regulation of fractalkine levels in the putamen of HD patients and in HD patient hiPSC-derived neurons. Automated cell morphology analysis showed a non-inflammatory ramified microglia in the striatum of R6/1 mice. However, we found increased PSD-95-positive puncta inside microglia, indicative of synaptic pruning, before HD motor symptoms start to manifest. Indeed, microglia appeared to be essential for striatal synaptic function, as the inhibition of microglial activity with minocycline impaired the induction of corticostriatal long-term depression (LTD) in wild-type mice. Notably, fractalkine administration restored impaired corticostriatal LTD in R6/1 mice. Our results unveil a role for fractalkine-dependent neuron-microglia interactions in the early striatal synaptic dysfunction characteristic of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther García-García
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marco Straccia
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Comella-Bolla
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Miguez
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Masana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Alberch
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep M Canals
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain.,Laboratory of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Production and Validation Center of Advanced Therapies (Creatio), Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel J Rodríguez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.,Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Barcelona, Spain
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24
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Qian X, Su Y, Adam CD, Deutschmann AU, Pather SR, Goldberg EM, Su K, Li S, Lu L, Jacob F, Nguyen PTT, Huh S, Hoke A, Swinford-Jackson SE, Wen Z, Gu X, Pierce RC, Wu H, Briand LA, Chen HI, Wolf JA, Song H, Ming GL. Sliced Human Cortical Organoids for Modeling Distinct Cortical Layer Formation. Cell Stem Cell 2020; 26:766-781.e9. [PMID: 32142682 PMCID: PMC7366517 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Human brain organoids provide unique platforms for modeling development and diseases by recapitulating the architecture of the embryonic brain. However, current organoid methods are limited by interior hypoxia and cell death due to insufficient surface diffusion, preventing generation of architecture resembling late developmental stages. Here, we report the sliced neocortical organoid (SNO) system, which bypasses the diffusion limit to prevent cell death over long-term cultures. This method leads to sustained neurogenesis and formation of an expanded cortical plate that establishes distinct upper and deep cortical layers for neurons and astrocytes, resembling the third trimester embryonic human neocortex. Using the SNO system, we further identify a critical role of WNT/β-catenin signaling in regulating human cortical neuron subtype fate specification, which is disrupted by a psychiatric-disorder-associated genetic mutation in patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived SNOs. These results demonstrate the utility of SNOs for investigating previously inaccessible human-specific, late-stage cortical development and disease-relevant mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Qian
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yijing Su
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Christopher D Adam
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Sarshan R Pather
- Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ethan M Goldberg
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenong Su
- Department of Computer Science, Emory University College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Shiying Li
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Fadi Jacob
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Phuong T T Nguyen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sooyoung Huh
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Ahmet Hoke
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | | | - Zhexing Wen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - R Christopher Pierce
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Lisa A Briand
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - H Isaac Chen
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John A Wolf
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Corporal Michael J. Crescenz Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Cell and Molecular Biology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; The Epigenetics Institute, Perelman School for Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guo-Li Ming
- Department of Neuroscience and Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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25
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Hu K. A PIANO (Proper, Insufficient, Aberrant, and NO Reprogramming) Response to the Yamanaka Factors in the Initial Stages of Human iPSC Reprogramming. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3229. [PMID: 32370214 PMCID: PMC7246695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Yamanaka reprogramming is revolutionary but inefficient, slow, and stochastic. The underlying molecular events for these mixed outcomes of induction of pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) reprogramming is still unclear. Previous studies about transcriptional responses to reprogramming overlooked human reprogramming and are compromised by the fact that only a rare population proceeds towards pluripotency, and a significant amount of the collected transcriptional data may not represent the positive reprogramming. We recently developed a concept of reprogramome, which allows one to study the early transcriptional responses to the Yamanaka factors in the perspective of reprogramming legitimacy of a gene response to reprogramming. Using RNA-seq, this study scored 579 genes successfully reprogrammed within 48 h, indicating the potency of the reprogramming factors. This report also tallied 438 genes reprogrammed significantly but insufficiently up to 72 h, indicating a positive drive with some inadequacy of the Yamanaka factors. In addition, 953 member genes within the reprogramome were transcriptionally irresponsive to reprogramming, showing the inability of the reprogramming factors to directly act on these genes. Furthermore, there were 305 genes undergoing six types of aberrant reprogramming: over, wrong, and unwanted upreprogramming or downreprogramming, revealing significant negative impacts of the Yamanaka factors. The mixed findings about the initial transcriptional responses to the reprogramming factors shed new insights into the robustness as well as limitations of the Yamanaka factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kejin Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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26
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Stephenson M, Reich DH, Boheler KR. Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular smooth muscle cells. Vasc Biol 2019; 2:R1-R15. [PMID: 32923972 PMCID: PMC7439844 DOI: 10.1530/vb-19-0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The reproducible generation of human-induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) in vitro has been critical to overcoming many limitations of animal and primary cell models of vascular biology and disease. Since this initial advance, research in the field has turned toward recapitulating the naturally occurring subtype specificity found in vSMCs throughout the body, and honing functional models of vascular disease. In this review, we summarize vSMC derivation approaches, including current phenotype and developmental origin-specific methods, and applications of vSMCs in functional disease models and engineered tissues. Further, we discuss the challenges of heterogeneity in hiPSC-derived tissues and propose approaches to identify and isolate vSMC subtype populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makeda Stephenson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel H Reich
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenneth R Boheler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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27
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Green MV, Pengo T, Raybuck JD, Naqvi T, McMullan HM, Hawkinson JE, Marron Fernandez de Velasco E, Muntean BS, Martemyanov KA, Satterfield R, Young SM, Thayer SA. Automated Live-Cell Imaging of Synapses in Rat and Human Neuronal Cultures. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:467. [PMID: 31680875 PMCID: PMC6811609 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synapse loss and dendritic damage correlate with cognitive decline in many neurodegenerative diseases, underlie neurodevelopmental disorders, and are associated with environmental and drug-induced CNS toxicities. However, screening assays designed to measure loss of synaptic connections between live cells are lacking. Here, we describe the design and validation of automated synaptic imaging assay (ASIA), an efficient approach to label, image, and analyze synapses between live neurons. Using viral transduction to express fluorescent proteins that label synapses and an automated computer-controlled microscope, we developed a method to identify agents that regulate synapse number. ASIA is compatible with both confocal and wide-field microscopy; wide-field image acquisition is faster but requires a deconvolution step in the analysis. Both types of images feed into batch processing analysis software that can be run on ImageJ, CellProfiler, and MetaMorph platforms. Primary analysis endpoints are the number of structural synapses and cell viability. Thus, overt cell death is differentiated from subtle changes in synapse density, an important distinction when studying neurodegenerative processes. In rat hippocampal cultures treated for 24 h with 100 μM 2-bromopalmitic acid (2-BP), a compound that prevents clustering of postsynaptic density 95 (PSD95), ASIA reliably detected loss of postsynaptic density 95-enhanced green fluorescent protein (PSD95-eGFP)-labeled synapses in the absence of cell death. In contrast, treatment with 100 μM glutamate produced synapse loss and significant cell death, determined from morphological changes in a binary image created from co-expressed mCherry. Treatment with 3 mM lithium for 24 h significantly increased the number of fluorescent puncta, showing that ASIA also detects synaptogenesis. Proof of concept studies show that cell-specific promoters enable the selective study of inhibitory or principal neurons and that alternative reporter constructs enable quantification of GABAergic or glutamatergic synapses. ASIA can also be used to study synapse loss between human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived cortical neurons. Significant synapse loss in the absence of cell death was detected in the iPSC-derived neuronal cultures treated with either 100 μM 2-BP or 100 μM glutamate for 24 h, while 300 μM glutamate produced synapse loss and cell death. ASIA shows promise for identifying agents that evoke synaptic toxicities and screening for compounds that prevent or reverse synapse loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Green
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Thomas Pengo
- Informatics Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Raybuck
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Tahmina Naqvi
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Hannah M. McMullan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jon E. Hawkinson
- Institute for Therapeutics Discovery and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Brian S. Muntean
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | | | - Rachel Satterfield
- Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience, Jupiter, FL, United States
| | - Samuel M. Young
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stanley A. Thayer
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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28
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Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock, which coordinates various physiological functions,
develops gradually during ontogeny. Recently, we have reported the posttranscriptional
suppression of CLOCK protein expression as a key mechanism of the emergence of the
circadian clock during mouse development. However, whether a common mechanism regulates
the development of the human circadian clock remains unclear. In the present study, we
show that human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have no discernible circadian
molecular oscillation. In addition, in vitro differentiation culture of human iPSCs
required a longer duration than that required in mouse for the emergence of circadian
oscillations. The expression of CLOCK protein in undifferentiated human iPSCs was
posttranscriptionally suppressed despite the expression of CLOCK mRNA,
which is consistent with our previous observations in mouse embryonic stem cells, iPSCs,
and early mouse embryos. These results suggest that CLOCK protein expressions could be
posttranscriptionally suppressed in the early developmental stage not only in mice but
also in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Umemura
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Izumi Maki
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Tsuchiya
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuya Koike
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kyoto, Japan
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29
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Harwood JC, Kent NA, Allen ND, Harwood AJ. Nucleosome dynamics of human iPSC during neural differentiation. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:embr.201846960. [PMID: 31036712 PMCID: PMC6549019 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleosome positioning is important for neurodevelopment, and genes mediating chromatin remodelling are strongly associated with human neurodevelopmental disorders. To investigate changes in nucleosome positioning during neural differentiation, we generate genome‐wide nucleosome maps from an undifferentiated human‐induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line and after its differentiation to the neural progenitor cell (NPC) stage. We find that nearly 3% of nucleosomes are highly positioned in NPC, but significantly, there are eightfold fewer positioned nucleosomes in pluripotent cells, indicating increased positioning during cell differentiation. Positioned nucleosomes do not strongly correlate with active chromatin marks or gene transcription. Unexpectedly, we find a small population of nucleosomes that occupy similar positions in pluripotent and neural progenitor cells and are found at binding sites of the key gene regulators NRSF/REST and CTCF. Remarkably, the presence of these nucleosomes appears to be independent of the associated regulatory complexes. Together, these results present a scenario in human cells, where positioned nucleosomes are sparse and dynamic, but may act to alter gene expression at a distance via the structural conformation at sites of chromatin regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet C Harwood
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics & Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | - Adrian J Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK .,Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute (NMHRI), Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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30
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Cora V, Haderspeck J, Antkowiak L, Mattheus U, Neckel PH, Mack AF, Bolz S, Ueffing M, Pashkovskaia N, Achberger K, Liebau S. A Cleared View on Retinal Organoids. Cells 2019; 8:E391. [PMID: 31035373 PMCID: PMC6562974 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived organoids mimicking tissues and organs in vitro have advanced medical research, as they opened up new possibilities for in-depth basic research on human organ development as well as providing a human in vitro model for personalized therapeutic approaches. hiPSC-derived retinal organoids have proven to be of great value for modeling the human retina featuring a very similar cellular composition, layering, and functionality. The technically challenging imaging of three-dimensional structures such as retinal organoids has, however, raised the need for robust whole-organoid imaging techniques. To improve imaging of retinal organoids we optimized a passive clearing technique (PACT), which enables high-resolution visualization of fragile intra-tissue structures. Using cleared retinal organoids, we could greatly enhance the antibody labeling efficiency and depth of imaging at high resolution, thereby improving the three-dimensional microscopy output. In that course, we were able to identify the spatial morphological shape and organization of, e.g., photoreceptor cells and bipolar cell layers. Moreover, we used the synaptic protein CtBP2/Ribeye to visualize the interconnection points of photoreceptor and bipolar cells forming the retinal-specific ribbon synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Cora
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Jasmin Haderspeck
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Lena Antkowiak
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Mattheus
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Peter H Neckel
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Andreas F Mack
- Institute of Clinical Anatomy and Cell Analysis, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Sylvia Bolz
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Marius Ueffing
- Centre for Ophthalmology, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Center for Neurosensory Systems (ZFN), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Natalia Pashkovskaia
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Kevin Achberger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy & Developmental Biology (INDB), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Österbergstrasse 3, 72074 Tübingen, Germany.
- Center for Neurosensory Systems (ZFN), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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31
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Kisa F, Shiozawa S, Oda K, Yoshimatsu S, Nakamura M, Koya I, Kawai K, Suzuki S, Okano H. Naive-like ESRRB + iPSCs with the Capacity for Rapid Neural Differentiation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1825-38. [PMID: 29129686 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Several groups have reported the existence of a form of pluripotency that resembles that of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), i.e., a naive state, in human pluripotent stem cells; however, the characteristics vary between reports. The nuclear receptor ESRRB is expressed in mESCs and plays a significant role in their self-renewal, but its expression has not been observed in most naive-like human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). In this study, we modified several methods for converting hiPSCs into a naive state through the transgenic expression of several reprogramming factors. The resulting cells express the components of the core transcriptional network of mESCs, including ESRRB, at high levels, which suggests the existence of naive-state hiPSCs that are similar to mESCs. We also demonstrate that these cells differentiate more readily into neural cells than do conventional hiPSCs. These features may be beneficial for their use in disease modeling and regenerative medicine.
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32
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Tang Y, Liu ML, Zang T, Zhang CL. Direct Reprogramming Rather than iPSC-Based Reprogramming Maintains Aging Hallmarks in Human Motor Neurons. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:359. [PMID: 29163034 PMCID: PMC5676779 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro generation of motor neurons (MNs) is a promising approach for modeling motor neuron diseases (MNDs) such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). As aging is a leading risk factor for the development of neurodegeneration, it is important to recapitulate age-related characteristics by using MNs at pathogenic ages. So far, cell reprogramming through induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and direct reprogramming from primary fibroblasts are two major strategies to obtain populations of MNs. While iPSC generation must go across the epigenetic landscape toward the pluripotent state, directly converted MNs might have the advantage of preserving aging-associated features from fibroblast donors. In this study, we confirmed that human iPSCs reset the aging status derived from their old donors, such as telomere attrition and cellular senescence. We then applied a set of transcription factors to induce MNs from either primary fibroblasts or iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells. The results revealed that directly reprogrammed MNs, rather than iPSC-derived MNs, maintained the aging hallmarks of old donors, including extensive DNA damage, loss of heterochromatin and nuclear organization, and increased SA-β-Gal activity. iPSC-derived MNs did not regain those aging memories from old donors. Collectively, our study indicates rejuvenation in the iPSC-based model, as well as aging maintenance in direct reprogramming of MNs. As such, the directly reprogrammed MNs may be more suitable for modeling the late-onset pathogenesis of MNDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Meng-Lu Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Tong Zang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Chun-Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States.,Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
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33
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Quinn PM, Pellissier LP, Wijnholds J. The CRB1 Complex: Following the Trail of Crumbs to a Feasible Gene Therapy Strategy. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:175. [PMID: 28424578 PMCID: PMC5380682 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Once considered science fiction, gene therapy is rapidly becoming scientific reality, targeting a growing number of the approximately 250 genes linked to hereditary retinal disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa and Leber's congenital amaurosis. Powerful new technologies have emerged, leading to the development of humanized models for testing and screening these therapies, bringing us closer to the goal of personalized medicine. These tools include the ability to differentiate human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to create a “retina-in-a-dish” model and the self-formed ectodermal autonomous multi-zone, which can mimic whole eye development. In addition, highly specific gene-editing tools are now available, including the CRISPR/Cas9 system and the recently developed homology-independent targeted integration approach, which allows gene editing in non-dividing cells. Variants in the CRB1 gene have long been associated with retinopathies, and more recently the CRB2 gene has also been shown to have possible clinical relevance with respect to retinopathies. In this review, we discuss the role of the CRB protein complex in patients with retinopathy. In addition, we discuss new opportunities provided by stem cells and gene-editing tools, and we provide insight into how the retinal therapeutic pipeline can be improved. Finally, we discuss the current state of adeno-associated virus-mediated gene therapy and how it can be applied to treat retinopathies associated with mutations in CRB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter M Quinn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands
| | - Lucie P Pellissier
- Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, INRA UMR85, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR-7247, Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation, Université François RabelaisNouzilly, France
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeiden, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdam, Netherlands
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34
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Ehrlich M, Mozafari S, Glatza M, Starost L, Velychko S, Hallmann AL, Cui QL, Schambach A, Kim KP, Bachelin C, Marteyn A, Hargus G, Johnson RM, Antel J, Sterneckert J, Zaehres H, Schöler HR, Baron-Van Evercooren A, Kuhlmann T. Rapid and efficient generation of oligodendrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells using transcription factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E2243-52. [PMID: 28246330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1614412114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid and efficient protocols to generate oligodendrocytes (OL) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are currently lacking, but may be a key technology to understand the biology of myelin diseases and to develop treatments for such disorders. Here, we demonstrate that the induction of three transcription factors (SOX10, OLIG2, NKX6.2) in iPSC-derived neural progenitor cells is sufficient to rapidly generate O4+ OL with an efficiency of up to 70% in 28 d and a global gene-expression profile comparable to primary human OL. We further demonstrate that iPSC-derived OL disperse and myelinate the CNS of Mbpshi/shiRag-/- mice during development and after demyelination, are suitable for in vitro myelination assays, disease modeling, and screening of pharmacological compounds potentially promoting oligodendroglial differentiation. Thus, the strategy presented here to generate OL from iPSC may facilitate the studying of human myelin diseases and the development of high-throughput screening platforms for drug discovery.
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Perales-Clemente E, Cook AN, Evans JM, Roellinger S, Secreto F, Emmanuele V, Oglesbee D, Mootha VK, Hirano M, Schon EA, Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Natural underlying mtDNA heteroplasmy as a potential source of intra-person hiPSC variability. EMBO J 2016; 35:1979-90. [PMID: 27436875 PMCID: PMC5282833 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional variability among human clones of induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remains a limitation in assembling high-quality biorepositories. Beyond inter-person variability, the root cause of intra-person variability remains unknown. Mitochondria guide the required transition from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism in nuclear reprogramming. Moreover, mitochondria have their own genome (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]). Herein, we performed mtDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 84 hiPSC clones derived from a cohort of 19 individuals, including mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial patients. The analysis of mtDNA variants showed that low levels of potentially pathogenic mutations in the original fibroblasts are revealed through nuclear reprogramming, generating mutant hiPSCs with a detrimental effect in their differentiated progeny. Specifically, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with expanded mtDNA mutations non-related with any described human disease, showed impaired mitochondrial respiration, being a potential cause of intra-person hiPSC variability. We propose mtDNA NGS as a new selection criterion to ensure hiPSC quality for drug discovery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Perales-Clemente
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexandra N Cook
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jared M Evans
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samantha Roellinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Frank Secreto
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Tang X, Kim J, Zhou L, Wengert E, Zhang L, Wu Z, Carromeu C, Muotri AR, Marchetto MC, Gage FH, Chen G. KCC2 rescues functional deficits in human neurons derived from patients with Rett syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016;113:751-756. [PMID: 26733678 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1524013113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome is a severe form of autism spectrum disorder, mainly caused by mutations of a single gene methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) on the X chromosome. Patients with Rett syndrome exhibit a period of normal development followed by regression of brain function and the emergence of autistic behaviors. However, the mechanism behind the delayed onset of symptoms is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that neuron-specific K(+)-Cl(-) cotransporter2 (KCC2) is a critical downstream gene target of MeCP2. We found that human neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with Rett syndrome showed a significant deficit in KCC2 expression and consequently a delayed GABA functional switch from excitation to inhibition. Interestingly, overexpression of KCC2 in MeCP2-deficient neurons rescued GABA functional deficits, suggesting an important role of KCC2 in Rett syndrome. We further identified that RE1-silencing transcriptional factor, REST, a neuronal gene repressor, mediates the MeCP2 regulation of KCC2. Because KCC2 is a slow onset molecule with expression level reaching maximum later in development, the functional deficit of KCC2 may offer an explanation for the delayed onset of Rett symptoms. Our studies suggest that restoring KCC2 function in Rett neurons may lead to a potential treatment for Rett syndrome.
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