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Perales-Clemente E, Cook AN, Evans JM, Roellinger S, Secreto F, Emmanuele V, Oglesbee D, Mootha VK, Hirano M, Schon EA, Terzic A, Nelson TJ. Natural underlying mtDNA heteroplasmy as a potential source of intra-person hiPSC variability. EMBO J 2016; 35:1979-90. [PMID: 27436875 PMCID: PMC5282833 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201694892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional variability among human clones of induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) remains a limitation in assembling high-quality biorepositories. Beyond inter-person variability, the root cause of intra-person variability remains unknown. Mitochondria guide the required transition from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism in nuclear reprogramming. Moreover, mitochondria have their own genome (mitochondrial DNA [mtDNA]). Herein, we performed mtDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 84 hiPSC clones derived from a cohort of 19 individuals, including mitochondrial and non-mitochondrial patients. The analysis of mtDNA variants showed that low levels of potentially pathogenic mutations in the original fibroblasts are revealed through nuclear reprogramming, generating mutant hiPSCs with a detrimental effect in their differentiated progeny. Specifically, hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes with expanded mtDNA mutations non-related with any described human disease, showed impaired mitochondrial respiration, being a potential cause of intra-person hiPSC variability. We propose mtDNA NGS as a new selection criterion to ensure hiPSC quality for drug discovery and regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester Perales-Clemente
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexandra N Cook
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jared M Evans
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samantha Roellinger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Frank Secreto
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Valentina Emmanuele
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Devin Oglesbee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Department of Molecular Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Schon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre Terzic
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, and Medical Genetics, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Departments of Cardiovascular Diseases, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Division of General Internal Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic Center for Regenerative Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
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Martinez-Fernandez A, Nelson TJ, Reyes S, Alekseev AE, Secreto F, Perez-Terzic C, Beraldi R, Sung HK, Nagy A, Terzic A. iPS cell-derived cardiogenicity is hindered by sustained integration of reprogramming transgenes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:667-76. [PMID: 25077947 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.113.000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear reprogramming inculcates pluripotent capacity by which de novo tissue differentiation is enabled. Yet, introduction of ectopic reprogramming factors may desynchronize natural developmental schedules. This study aims to evaluate the effect of imposed transgene load on the cardiogenic competency of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. METHODS AND RESULTS Targeted inclusion and exclusion of reprogramming transgenes (c-MYC, KLF4, OCT4, and SOX2) was achieved using a drug-inducible and removable cassette according to the piggyBac transposon/transposase system. Pulsed transgene overexpression, before iPS cell differentiation, hindered cardiogenic outcomes. Delayed in counterparts with maintained integrated transgenes, transgene removal enabled proficient differentiation of iPS cells into functional cardiac tissue. Transgene-free iPS cells generated reproducible beating activity with robust expression of cardiac α-actinin, connexin 43, myosin light chain 2a, α/β-myosin heavy chain, and troponin I. Although operational excitation-contraction coupling was demonstrable in the presence or absence of transgenes, factor-free derivatives exhibited an expedited maturing phenotype with canonical responsiveness to adrenergic stimulation. CONCLUSIONS A disproportionate stemness load, caused by integrated transgenes, affects the cardiogenic competency of iPS cells. Offload of transgenes in engineered iPS cells ensures integrity of cardiac developmental programs, underscoring the value of nonintegrative nuclear reprogramming for derivation of competent cardiogenic regenerative biologics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almudena Martinez-Fernandez
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Santiago Reyes
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Alexey E Alekseev
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Frank Secreto
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Carmen Perez-Terzic
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Rosanna Beraldi
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Hoon-Ki Sung
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Andras Nagy
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.)
| | - Andre Terzic
- From the Center for Regenerative Medicine (A.M.-F., T.J.N., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), Marriott Heart Disease Research Program, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases (A.M.-F., S.R., A.E.A., A.T.), and Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (C.P.-T.), General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center (T.J.N., F.S., R.B.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; and Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (H.-K.S., A.N.).
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Beraldi R, Li X, Martinez Fernandez A, Reyes S, Secreto F, Terzic A, Olson TM, Nelson TJ. Rbm20-deficient cardiogenesis reveals early disruption of RNA processing and sarcomere remodeling establishing a developmental etiology for dilated cardiomyopathy. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:3779-91. [PMID: 24584570 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) due to mutations in RBM20, a gene encoding an RNA-binding protein, is associated with high familial penetrance, risk of progressive heart failure and sudden death. Although genetic investigations and physiological models have established the linkage of RBM20 with early-onset DCM, the underlying basis of cellular and molecular dysfunction is undetermined. Modeling human genetics using a high-throughput pluripotent stem cell platform was herein designed to pinpoint the initial transcriptome dysfunction and mechanistic corruption in disease pathogenesis. Tnnt2-pGreenZeo pluripotent stem cells were engineered to knockdown Rbm20 (shRbm20) to determine the cardiac-pathogenic phenotype during cardiac differentiation. Intracellular Ca(2+) transients revealed Rbm20-dependent alteration in Ca(2+) handling, coinciding with known pathological splice variants of Titin and Camk2d genes by Day 24 of cardiogenesis. Ultrastructural analysis demonstrated elongated and thinner sarcomeres in the absence of Rbm20 that is consistent with human cardiac biopsy samples. Furthermore, Rbm20-depleted transcriptional profiling at Day 12 identified Rbm20-dependent dysregulation with 76% of differentially expressed genes linked to known cardiac pathology ranging from primordial Nkx2.5 to mature cardiac Tnnt2 as the initial molecular aberrations. Notably, downstream consequences of Rbm20-depletion at Day 24 of differentiation demonstrated significant dysregulation of extracellular matrix components such as the anomalous overexpression of the Vtn gene. By using the pluripotent stem cell platform to model human cardiac disease according to a stage-specific cardiogenic roadmap, we established a new paradigm of familial DCM pathogenesis as a developmental disorder that is patterned during early cardiogenesis and propagated with cellular mechanisms of pathological cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xing Li
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Health Sciences Research
| | | | | | | | - Andre Terzic
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Regenerative Medicine, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Timothy M Olson
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
| | - Timothy J Nelson
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, General Internal Medicine and Transplant Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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