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Li W, Duan W, Liao G, Gao F, Wang Y, Cui R, Zhao J, Wang C. 0.68% of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency and high photostability of organic-inorganic membrane catalyst. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6763. [PMID: 39117687 PMCID: PMC11310485 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51183-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar-driven flat-panel H2O-to-H2 conversion is an important technology for value-added solar fuel production. However, most frequently used particulate photocatalysts are hard to achieve stable photocatalysis in flat-panel reaction module due to the influence of mechanical shear force. Herein, a highly active CdS@SiO2-Pt composite with rapid CdS-to-Pt electron transfer and restrained photoexciton recombination was prepared to process into an organic-inorganic membrane by compounding with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). This PVDF networked organic-inorganic membrane displays high photostability and excellent operability, achieving improved simulated sunlight-driven alkaline H2O-to-H2 conversion activity (213.48 mmol m-2 h-1) following a 0.68% of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. No obvious variation in its appearance and micromorphology was observed even being recycled for 50-times, which considerably outperforms the existing membrane photocatalysts. Subsequently, a homemade panel H2O-to-H2 conversion system was fabricated to obtain a 0.05% of solar-to-hydrogen efficiency. In this study, we opens up a prospect for practical application of photocatalysis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wen Duan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guocheng Liao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanfan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yusen Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rongxia Cui
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jincai Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chuanyi Wang
- School of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Wang H, Chen DR, Lin YC, Lin PH, Chang JT, Muthu J, Hofmann M, Hsieh YP. Enhancing the Electrochemical Activity of 2D Materials Edges through Oriented Electric Fields. ACS NANO 2024; 18. [PMID: 39012271 PMCID: PMC11295188 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c06341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The edges of 2D materials have emerged as promising electrochemical catalyst systems, yet their performance still lags behind that of noble metals. Here, we demonstrate the potential of oriented electric fields (OEFs) to enhance the electrochemical activity of 2D materials edges. By atomically engineering the edge of a fluorographene/graphene/MoS2 heterojunction nanoribbon, strong and localized OEFs were realized as confirmed by simulations and spatially resolved spectroscopy. The observed fringing OEF results in an enhancement of the heterogeneous charge transfer rate between the edge and the electrolyte by 2 orders of magnitude according to impedance spectroscopy. Ab initio calculations indicate a field-induced decrease in the reactant adsorption energy as the origin of this improvement. We apply the OEF-enhanced edge reactivity to hydrogen evolution reactions (HER) and observe a significantly enhanced electrochemical performance, as evidenced by a 30% decrease in Tafel slope and a 3-fold enhanced turnover frequency. Our findings demonstrate the potential of OEFs for tailoring the catalytic properties of 2D material edges toward future complex reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ding-Rui Chen
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- International
Graduate Program of Molecular Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Molecular
Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - You-Chen Lin
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Han Lin
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Teng Chang
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jeyavelan Muthu
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department
of Low Dimensional Systems, J. Heyrovský
Institute of Physical Chemistry, Prague 18200, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Hofmann
- Department
of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ping Hsieh
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia
Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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3
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Velja S, Krumland J, Cocchi C. Electronic properties of MoSe 2 nanowrinkles. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:7134-7144. [PMID: 38501908 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06261a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Mechanical deformations, either spontaneously occurring during sample preparation or purposely induced in their nanoscale manipulation, drastically affect the electronic and optical properties of transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers. In this first-principles work based on density-functional theory, we shed light on the interplay among strain, curvature, and electronic structure of MoSe2 nanowrinkles. We analyze their structural properties highlighting the effects of coexisting local domains of tensile and compressive strain in the same system. By contrasting the band structures of the nanowrinkles against counterparts obtained for flat monolayers subject to the same amount of strain, we clarify that the specific features of the former, such as the moderate variation of the band-gap size and its persisting direct nature, are ruled by curvature rather than strain. The analysis of the wave-function distribution indicates strain-dependent localization of the frontier states in the conduction region while in the valence, the sensitivity to strain is much less pronounced. The discussion about transport properties, based on inspection of the effective masses, reveals excellent perspectives for these systems as active components for (opto)electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Velja
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Jannis Krumland
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Caterina Cocchi
- Institute of Physics, Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany.
- Department of Physics and IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Center for Nanoscale Dynamics (CeNaD), Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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4
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Zhang R, Yang D, Zang P, He F, Gai S, Kuang Y, Yang G, Yang P. Structure Engineered High Piezo-Photoelectronic Performance for Boosted Sono-Photodynamic Therapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308355. [PMID: 37934805 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Sono-photodynamic therapy is hindered by the limited tissue penetration depth of the external light source and the quick recombination of electron-hole owing to the random movement of charge carriers. In this study, orthorhombic ZnSnO3 quantum dots (QDs) with piezo-photoelectronic effects are successfully encapsulated in hexagonal upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) using a one-pot thermal decomposition method to form an all-in-one watermelon-like structured sono-photosensitizer (ZnSnO3 @UCNPs). The excited near-infrared light has high penetration depth, and the watermelon-like structure allows for full contact between the UCNPs and ZnSnO3 QDs, achieving ultrahigh Förster resonance energy transfer efficiency of up to 80.30%. Upon ultrasonic and near-infrared laser co-activation, the high temperature and pressure generated lead to the deformation of the UCNPs, thereby driving the deformation of all ZnSnO3 QDs inside the UCNPs, forming many small internal electric fields similar to isotropic electric domains. This piezoelectric effect not only increases the internal electric field intensity of the entire material but also prevents random movement and rapid recombination of charge carriers, thereby achieving satisfactory piezocatalytic performance. By combining the photodynamic effect arising from the energy transfer from UCNPs to ZnSnO3 , synergistic efficacy is realized. This study proposes a novel strategy for designing highly efficient sono-photosensitizers through structural design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Dan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Pengyu Zang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Fei He
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Shili Gai
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ye Kuang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Ligong University, Shenyang, 110159, P. R. China
| | - Guixin Yang
- College of Material Sciences and Chemical Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin, 150040, P. R. China
| | - Piaoping Yang
- Key Laboratory of Superlight Materials and Surface Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
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Wang J, He L, Zhang Y, Nong H, Li S, Wu Q, Tan J, Liu B. Locally Strained 2D Materials: Preparation, Properties, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2314145. [PMID: 38339886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202314145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
2D materials are promising for strain engineering due to their atomic thickness and exceptional mechanical properties. In particular, non-uniform and localized strain can be induced in 2D materials by generating out-of-plane deformations, resulting in novel phenomena and properties, as witnessed in recent years. Therefore, the locally strained 2D materials are of great value for both fundamental studies and practical applications. This review discusses techniques for introducing local strains to 2D materials, and their feasibility, advantages, and challenges. Then, the unique effects and properties that arise from local strain are explored. The representative applications based on locally strained 2D materials are illustrated, including memristor, single photon emitter, and photodetector. Finally, concluding remarks on the challenges and opportunities in the emerging field of locally strained 2D materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwei Wang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Liqiong He
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yunhao Zhang
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Nong
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Shengnan Li
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qinke Wu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Junyang Tan
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Bilu Liu
- Shenzhen Geim Graphene Center, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute and Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
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6
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Poudel MB, Logeshwaran N, Prabhakaran S, Kim AR, Kim DH, Yoo DJ. Low-Cost Hydrogen Production from Alkaline/Seawater over a Single-Step Synthesis of Mo 3 Se 4 -NiSe Core-Shell Nanowire Arrays. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305813. [PMID: 37855237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The rational design and steering of earth-abundant, efficient, and stable electrocatalysts for hydrogen generation is highly desirable but challenging with catalysts free of platinum group metals (PGMs). Mass production of high-purity hydrogen fuel from seawater electrolysis presents a transformative technology for sustainable alternatives. Here, a heterostructure of molybdenum selenide-nickel selenide (Mo3 Se4 -NiSe) core-shell nanowire arrays constructed on nickel foam by a single-step in situ hydrothermal process is reported. This tiered structure provides improved intrinsic activity and high electrical conductivity for efficient charge transfer and endows excellent hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activity in alkaline and natural seawater conditions. The Mo3 Se4 -NiSe freestanding electrodes require small overpotentials of 84.4 and 166 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline and natural seawater electrolytes, respectively. It maintains an impressive balance between electrocatalytic activity and stability. Experimental and theoretical calculations reveal that the Mo3 Se4 -NiSe interface provides abundant active sites for the HER process, which modulate the binding energies of adsorbed species and decrease the energetic barrier, providing a new route to design state-of-the-art, PGM-free catalysts for hydrogen production from alkaline and seawater electrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Babu Poudel
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering (BK21 FOUR) of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Natarajan Logeshwaran
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering (BK21 FOUR) of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sampath Prabhakaran
- Department of Nano Convergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Rhan Kim
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering (BK21 FOUR) of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Hwan Kim
- Devison of Science Education, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jin Yoo
- Department of Energy Storage/Conversion Engineering (BK21 FOUR) of Graduate School, Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, 54896, Republic of Korea
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7
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Wang F, Xie L, Sun N, Zhi T, Zhang M, Liu Y, Luo Z, Yi L, Zhao Q, Wang L. Deformable Catalytic Material Derived from Mechanical Flexibility for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:32. [PMID: 37999792 PMCID: PMC10673806 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01251-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Deformable catalytic material with excellent flexible structure is a new type of catalyst that has been applied in various chemical reactions, especially electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). In recent years, deformable catalysts for HER have made great progress and would become a research hotspot. The catalytic activities of deformable catalysts could be adjustable by the strain engineering and surface reconfiguration. The surface curvature of flexible catalytic materials is closely related to the electrocatalytic HER properties. Here, firstly, we systematically summarized self-adaptive catalytic performance of deformable catalysts and various micro-nanostructures evolution in catalytic HER process. Secondly, a series of strategies to design highly active catalysts based on the mechanical flexibility of low-dimensional nanomaterials were summarized. Last but not least, we presented the challenges and prospects of the study of flexible and deformable micro-nanostructures of electrocatalysts, which would further deepen the understanding of catalytic mechanisms of deformable HER catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshun Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingbin Xie
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhi
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhongzhong Luo
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanhua Yi
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & Institute of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longlu Wang
- College of Electronic and Optical Engineering & College of Flexible Electronics (Future Technology), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications (NJUPT), 9 Wenyuan, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
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Wang J, Xuan H, Meng L, Liang X, Li Y, Yang J, Han P. Engineering multilayer catalytic interfaces with N, S co-regulation for high performance water splitting. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 646:940-949. [PMID: 37235939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The rational design of hierarchical nano-heterojunction electrocatalysts with efficient and durable water splitting performance is a hot research topic in the field of sustainable energy conversion. Herein, chemical vapor deposition methods are exploited to dope N and S elements in a core-shell structured Co3O4@NiMoO4 with a layered structure (N, S-Co3O4@NiMoO4/NF400). The close contact between Co3O4 nanowires and N, S co-doped NiMoO4 cubic arrays facilitates electron transfer. The electronic structure of Ni, Co and Mo atoms could be optimized to enhance their electrical conductivity by modulation of N and S atoms. At current densities of 10 and 200 mA cm-2, N, S-Co3O4@NiMoO4/NF400 has an overpotential of 200, 300 and 71 160 mV for the oxygen evolution reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction, respectively. Its water splitting voltages are 1.45 V and 2 V at 10 and 200 mA cm-2. In addition, N, S-Co3O4@NiMoO4/NF400 can operate stably for 100 h at a current density of 50 mA cm-2. This work provides a new approach to designing bifunctional catalysts with hierarchical heterogeneous structures co-regulated by dual elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Haicheng Xuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lingxin Meng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuping Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- Shandong Graphenjoy Advanced Material CO., LTD, Dezhou 253602, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peide Han
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, People's Republic of China
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