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Tian F, Guo RC, Wu C, Liu X, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Wang H, Li G, Yu Z. Assembly of Glycopeptides in Living Cells Resembling Viral Infection for Cargo Delivery. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404703. [PMID: 38655625 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly in living cells represents one versatile strategy for drug delivery; however, it suffers from the limited precision and efficiency. Inspired by viral traits, we here report a cascade targeting-hydrolysis-transformation (THT) assembly of glycosylated peptides in living cells holistically resembling viral infection for efficient cargo delivery and combined tumor therapy. We design a glycosylated peptide via incorporating a β-galactose-serine residue into bola-amphiphilic sequences. Co-assembling of the glycosylated peptide with two counterparts containing irinotecan (IRI) or ligand TSFAEYWNLLSP (PMI) results in formation of the glycosylated co-assemblies SgVEIP, which target cancer cells via β-galactose-galectin-1 association and undergo galactosidase-induced morphological transformation. While GSH-reduction causes release of IRI from the co-assemblies, the PMI moieties release p53 and facilitate cell death via binding with protein MDM2. Cellular experiments show membrane targeting, endo-/lysosome-mediated internalization and in situ formation of nanofibers in cytoplasm by SgVEIP. This cascade THT process enables efficient delivery of IRI and PMI into cancer cells secreting Gal-1 and overexpressing β-galactosidase. In vivo studies illustrate enhanced tumor accumulation and retention of the glycosylated co-assemblies, thereby suppressing tumor growth. Our findings demonstrate an in situ assembly strategy mimicking viral infection, thus providing a new route for drug delivery and cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Ruo-Chen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Chunxia Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Yamei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Gongyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Research Center for Analytical Science and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Zhilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 94 Weijin Road, Tianjin, 300071, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, 21 West 15th Avenue, Tianjin, 300308, China
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Yang H, Wang J, Wang X, Wang S, Xu J, Shan Q, Wang J, Ma X, Zhu Y. Nanofiber Peptides for Bacterial Trapping: A Novel Approach to Antibiotic Alternatives in Wound Infections. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2304657. [PMID: 38607802 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202304657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
The pervasive employment of antibiotics has engendered the advent of drug-resistant bacteria, imperiling the well-being and health of both humans and animals. Infections precipitated by such multi-resistant bacteria, especially those induced by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), pervade hospital settings, constituting a grave menace to patient vitality. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have garnered considerable attention as a potent countermeasure against multidrug resistant bacteria. In preceding research endeavors, an insect-derived antimicrobial peptide is identified that, while possessing antimicrobial attributes, manifested suboptimal efficacy against drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. To ameliorate this issue, this work enhances the antimicrobial capabilities of the initial β-hairpin AMPs by substituting the structural sequence of the original AMPs with variant lengths of hydrophobic amino acid-hydrophilic amino acid repeat units. Throughout this endeavor, this work has identified a number of peptides that possess highly effective antibacterial characteristics against a wide range of bacteria. Additionally, some of these peptides have the ability to self-assemble into nanofibers, which then build networks in a distinctive manner to capture bacteria. Consequently, they represent prospective antibiotic alternatives for addressing wound infections engendered by drug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jieru Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiang Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jingyi Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya, 572025, China
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Fu H, Ge Y, Liu X, Deng S, Li J, Tan P, Yang Y, Wu Z. Exposure to the environmental pollutant chlorpyrifos induces hepatic toxicity through activation of the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 928:171711. [PMID: 38494025 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CHP) is an inexpensive highly effective organophosphate insecticide used worldwide. The unguided and excessive use of CHP by farmers has led to its significant accumulation in crops as well as contamination of water sources, causing health problems for humans and animals. Therefore, this study evaluated the toxicological effects of exposure to the environmental pollutant CHP at low, medium, and high (2.5, 5, and 10 mg·kg-1 BW) levels on rat liver by examining antioxidant levels, inflammation, and apoptosis based on the no observed adverse effect levels (NOAEL) (1 mg·kg-1 BW) and the CHP dose that does not cause any visual symptoms (5 mg·kg-1 BW). Furthermore, the involvement of the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways in CHP-induced toxic effects was identified. The relationship between the expression levels of key proteins (p-JAK/JAK, p-STAT/STAT, p-JNK/JNK, p-P38/P38, and p-ERK/ERK) in the pathways and changes in the expression of markers associated with inflammation [inflammatory factors (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α), chemokines (GCLC and GCLM), and inflammatory signaling pathways (NF-кB, TLR2, TLR4, NLRP3, ASC, MyD88, IFN-γ, and iNOS)] and apoptosis [Bad, Bax, Bcl-2, Caspase3, Caspase9, and the cleavage substrate of Caspase PARP1] were also determined. The results suggest that CHP exposure disrupts liver function and activates the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways via oxidative stress, exacerbating inflammation and apoptosis. Meanwhile, the JAK/STAT and MAPK pathways are involved in CHP-induced hepatotoxicity. These findings provide a novel direction for effective prevention and amelioration of health problems caused by CHP abuse in agriculture and households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yao Ge
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Siwei Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Yang X, Ma L, Lu K, Zhao D. Mechanism of Peptide Self-assembly and Its Study in Biomedicine. Protein J 2024; 43:464-476. [PMID: 38676873 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-024-10200-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The development of peptide-based materials is one of the most challenging aspects of biomaterials research in recent years. The assembly of peptides is mainly controlled by forces such as hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction, electrostatic interaction, and π-π accumulation. Peptides have unique advantages such as simple structure, easy synthesis, good biocompatibility, non-toxicity, easy modification, etc. These factors make peptides turn into ideal biomedical materials, and they have a broad application prospect in biomedical materials, and thus have received wide attention. In this review, the mechanism and classification of peptide self-assembly and its applications in biomedicine and hydrogels were introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Locus Street, High-Tech Industry Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Li Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Locus Street, High-Tech Industry Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Kui Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Locus Street, High-Tech Industry Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Dongxin Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Locus Street, High-Tech Industry Development Zone, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China.
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Wang T, Tan P, Tang Q, Zhou C, Ding Y, Xu S, Song M, Fu H, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Bai Y, Sun Z, Ma X. Phage-displayed heptapeptide sequence conjugation significantly improves the specific targeting ability of antimicrobial peptides against Staphylococcus aureus. MLIFE 2024; 3:251-268. [PMID: 38948143 PMCID: PMC11211671 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs often lack specificity, leading to indiscriminate bactericidal activity, which can disrupt the normal microbial balance of the host flora and cause unnecessary cytotoxicity during systemic administration. In this study, we constructed a specifically targeted antimicrobial peptide against Staphylococcus aureus by introducing a phage-displayed peptide onto a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide and explored its structure-function relationship through one-factor modification. SFK2 obtained by screening based on the selectivity index and the targeting index showed specific killing ability against S. aureus. Moreover, SFK2 showed excellent biocompatibility in mice and piglet, and demonstrated significant therapeutic efficacy against S. aureus infection. In conclusion, our screening of phage-derived heptapeptides effectively enhances the specific bactericidal ability of the antimicrobial peptides against S. aureus, providing a theoretical basis for developing targeted antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding, College of Animal ScienceHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chenlong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yakun Ding
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Indigenous Cattle and Sheep Germplasm Resources (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Shenrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mengda Song
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Indigenous Cattle and Sheep Germplasm Resources (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Huiyang Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic and Breeding, College of Animal ScienceHenan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyangChina
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Indigenous Cattle and Sheep Germplasm Resources (Co‐construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Animal Health Supervision in Henan ProvinceZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhihong Sun
- Laboratory for Bio‐Feed and Molecular Nutrition, Department of Animal Science and TechnologySouthwest UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina
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Cui X, Liu F, Cai S, Wang T, Zheng S, Zou X, Wang L, He S, Li Y, Zhang Z. Charge adaptive phytochemical-based nanoparticles for eradication of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Asian J Pharm Sci 2024; 19:100923. [PMID: 38948398 PMCID: PMC11214180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2024.100923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The intrinsic resistance of MRSA coupled with biofilm antibiotic tolerance challenges the antibiotic treatment of MRSA biofilm infections. Phytochemical-based nanoplatform is a promising emerging approach for treatment of biofilm infection. However, their therapeutic efficacy was restricted by the low drug loading capacity and lack of selectivity. Herein, we constructed a surface charge adaptive phytochemical-based nanoparticle with high isoliquiritigenin (ISL) loading content for effective treatment of MRSA biofilm. A dimeric ISL prodrug (ISL-G2) bearing a lipase responsive ester bond was synthesized, and then encapsulated into the amphiphilic quaternized oligochitosan. The obtained ISL-G2 loaded NPs possessed positively charged surface, which allowed cis-aconityl-d-tyrosine (CA-Tyr) binding via electrostatic interaction to obtain ISL-G2@TMDCOS-Tyr NPs. The NPs maintained their negatively charged surface, thus prolonging the blood circulation time. In response to low pH in the biofilms, the fast removal of CA-Tyr led to a shift in their surface charge from negative to positive, which enhanced the accumulation and penetration of NPs in the biofilms. Sequentially, the pH-triggered release of d-tyrosine dispersed the biofilm and lipase-triggered released of ISL effectively kill biofilm MRSA. An in vivo study was performed on a MRSA biofilm infected wound model. This phytochemical-based system led to ∼2 log CFU (>99 %) reduction of biofilm MRSA as compared to untreated wound (P < 0.001) with negligible biotoxicity in mice. This phytochemical dimer nanoplatform shows great potential for long-term treatment of resistant bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xilong Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fanhui Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Sidi Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xinshu Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Siqi He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zhiyun Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin 150030, China
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Bei H, Zhao P, Shen L, Yang Q, Yang Y. Assembled pH-Responsive Gastric Drug Delivery Systems Based on 3D-Printed Shells. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:717. [PMID: 38931841 PMCID: PMC11206575 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16060717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Gastric acid secretion is closely associated with the development and treatment of chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, and reflux esophagitis. However, gastric acid secretion is affected by complex physiological and pathological factors, and real-time detection and control are complicated and expensive. A gastric delivery system for antacids and therapeutics in response to low pH in the stomach holds promise for smart and personalized treatment of stomach diseases. In this study, pH-responsive modular units were used to assemble various modular devices for self-regulation of pH and drug delivery to the stomach. The modular unit with a release window of 50 mm2 could respond to pH and self-regulate within 10 min, which is related to its downward floatation and internal gas production. The assembled devices could stably float downward in the medium and detach sequentially at specific times. The assembled devices loaded with antacids exhibited smart pH self-regulation under complex physiological and pathological conditions. In addition, the assembled devices loaded with antacids and acid suppressors could multi-pulse or prolong drug release after rapid neutralization of gastric acid. Compared with traditional coating technology, 3D printing can print the shell layer by layer, flexibly adjust the internal and external structure and composition, and assemble it into a multi-level drug release system. Compared with traditional coating, 3D-printed shells have the advantage of the flexible adjustment of internal and external structure and composition, and are easy to assemble into a complex drug delivery system. This provides a universal and flexible strategy for the personalized treatment of diseases with abnormal gastric acid secretion, especially for delivering acid-unstable drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yan Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China; (H.B.); (P.Z.); (L.S.); (Q.Y.)
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Zhang J, Guo H, Liu M, Tang K, Li S, Fang Q, Du H, Zhou X, Lin X, Yang Y, Huang B, Yang D. Recent design strategies for boosting chemodynamic therapy of bacterial infections. EXPLORATION (BEIJING, CHINA) 2024; 4:20230087. [PMID: 38855616 PMCID: PMC11022619 DOI: 10.1002/exp.20230087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of drug-resistant bacteria poses a significant threat to people's lives and health as bacterial infections continue to persist. Currently, antibiotic therapy remains the primary approach for tackling bacterial infections. However, the escalating rates of drug resistance coupled with the lag in the development of novel drugs have led to diminishing effectiveness of conventional treatments. Therefore, the development of nonantibiotic-dependent therapeutic strategies has become imperative to impede the rise of bacterial resistance. The emergence of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has opened up a new possibility due to the CDT can convert H2O2 into •OH via Fenton/Fenton-like reaction for drug-resistant bacterial treatment. However, the efficacy of CDT is limited by a variety of practical factors. To overcome this limitation, the sterilization efficiency of CDT can be enhanced by introducing the therapeutics with inherent antimicrobial capability. In addition, researchers have explored CDT-based combined therapies to augment its antimicrobial effects and mitigate its potential toxic side effects toward normal tissues. This review examines the research progress of CDT in the antimicrobial field, explores various strategies to enhance CDT efficacy and presents the synergistic effects of CDT in combination with other modalities. And last, the current challenges faced by CDT and the future research directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- School of Fundamental SciencesBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Haiyang Guo
- School of Fundamental SciencesBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Ming Liu
- School of Fundamental SciencesBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Kaiyuan Tang
- School of Fundamental SciencesBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Shengke Li
- Macao Centre for Research and Development in Chinese MedicineInstitute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauTaipaMacau SARChina
| | - Qiang Fang
- School of Fundamental SciencesBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Hengda Du
- School of Fundamental SciencesBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, School of Basic MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Xin Lin
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, State Key Laboratory of OptometryOphthalmology and Vision ScienceWenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yanjun Yang
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of EngineeringThe University of GeorgiaAthensGeorgiaUSA
| | - Bin Huang
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Fujian Key Laboratory of Integrative Medicine on GeriatricsFujian University of Traditional Chinese MedicineFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Physical and Mathematical SciencesNanjing Tech University (NanjingTech)NanjingChina
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Song M, Tang Q, Ding Y, Tan P, Zhang Y, Wang T, Zhou C, Xu S, Lyu M, Bai Y, Ma X. Staphylococcus aureus and biofilms: transmission, threats, and promising strategies in animal husbandry. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2024; 15:44. [PMID: 38475886 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a common pathogenic bacterium in animal husbandry that can cause diseases such as mastitis, skin infections, arthritis, and other ailments. The formation of biofilms threatens and exacerbates S. aureus infection by allowing the bacteria to adhere to pathological areas and livestock product surfaces, thus triggering animal health crises and safety issues with livestock products. To solve this problem, in this review, we provide a brief overview of the harm caused by S. aureus and its biofilms on livestock and animal byproducts (meat and dairy products). We also describe the ways in which S. aureus spreads in animals and the threats it poses to the livestock industry. The processes and molecular mechanisms involved in biofilm formation are then explained. Finally, we discuss strategies for the removal and eradication of S. aureus and biofilms in animal husbandry, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, plant extracts, nanoparticles, phages, and antibodies. These strategies to reduce the spread of S. aureus in animal husbandry help maintain livestock health and improve productivity to ensure the ecologically sustainable development of animal husbandry and the safety of livestock products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengda Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Local Cattle and Sheep Germplasm Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yakun Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Peng Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yucheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Chenlong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shenrui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mengwei Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yueyu Bai
- Key Laboratory of Innovative Utilization of Local Cattle and Sheep Germplasm Resources (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Xi Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Zhou Y, Xu L, Sun X, Zhan W, Liang G. In situ peptide assemblies for bacterial infection imaging and treatment. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3211-3225. [PMID: 38288668 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05557d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial infections, especially antibiotic-resistant ones, remain a major threat to human health. Advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of numerous antimicrobial nanomaterials. Among them, in situ peptide assemblies, formed by biomarker-triggered self-assembly of peptide-based building blocks, have received increasing attention due to their unique merits of good spatiotemporal controllability and excellent disease accumulation and retention. In recent years, a variety of "turn on" imaging probes and activatable antibacterial agents based on in situ peptide assemblies have been developed, providing promising alternatives for the treatment and diagnosis of bacterial infections. In this review, we introduce representative design strategies for in situ peptide assemblies and highlight the bacterial infection imaging and treatment applications of these supramolecular materials. Besides, current challenges in this field are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and Manipulation, Ministry of Education, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Xianbao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Wenjun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
| | - Gaolin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China.
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11
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Gao Y, Wu J, Shen J, Xu Y, Li L, Wang W, Zhou N, Zhang M. Chitosan modified magnetic nanocomposite for biofilm destruction and precise photothermal/photodynamic therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129402. [PMID: 38219940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Getting rid of the biofilms is a major challenge when treating skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI), an inflammatory illness brought on by bacteria. Traditional magnetic materials have a limited dispersibility and a biofilm permeable property, making it challenging to remove biofilms and causing infection to linger. To solve these problems, we developed a kind of magnetic composite nanoplatform coated with indocyanine green carbon dots and modified with chitosan modification (Fe-ICGCDs@CS). Fe-ICGCDs@CS has high dispersibility and improves the conductivity of biofilms under magnetic action. Fe-ICGCDs@CS can adsorb bacteria via the positive charge and achieve precise photothermal sterilization and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Moreover, by catalyzing hydrogen peroxide (2 mM), Fe-ICGCDs@CS can produce oxygen to relieve the anoxic state in the deep layer of biofilms and activate dormant bacteria to make them sensitive to external stimuli. All in all, unlike the common "just kill" sterilization model, Fe-ICGCDs@CS can accurately kill bacteria and be recovered by an external magnetic field at the end of treatment, thus reducing the potential biological toxicity of nanomaterials. Therefore, the proposed Fe-ICGCDs@CS provides a new antibacterial method with low biotoxicity for clinical application in the treatment of biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jing Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jian Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yan Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Lu Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Wentao Wang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, PR China
| | - Ninglin Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedical Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China.
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12
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Yu R, Chen H, He J, Zhang Z, Zhou J, Zheng Q, Fu Z, Lu C, Lin Z, Caruso F, Zhang X. Engineering Antimicrobial Metal-Phenolic Network Nanoparticles with High Biocompatibility for Wound Healing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307680. [PMID: 37997498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria pose a global health threat by causing persistent and recurrent microbial infections. To address this issue, antimicrobial nanoparticles (NPs) with low drug resistance but potent bactericidal effects have been developed. However, many of the developed NPs display poor biosafety and their synthesis often involves complex procedures and the antimicrobial modes of action are unclear. Herein, a simple strategy is reported for designing antimicrobial metal-phenolic network (am-MPN) NPs through the one-step assembly of a seeding agent (diethyldithiocarbamate), natural polyphenols, and metal ions (e.g., Cu2+ ) in aqueous solution. The Cu2+ -based am-MPN NPs display lower Cu2+ antimicrobial concentrations (by 10-1000 times) lower than most reported nanomaterials and negligible toxicity across various models, including, cells, blood, zebrafish, and mice. Multiple antimicrobial modes of the NPs have been identified, including bacterial wall disruption, reactive oxygen species production, and quinoprotein formation, with the latter being a distinct pathway identified for the antimicrobial activity of the polyphenol-based am-MPN NPs. The NPs exhibit excellent performance against multidrug-resistant bacteria (e.g., methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)), efficiently inhibit and destroy bacterial biofilms, and promote the healing of MRSA-infected skin wounds. This study provides insights on the antimicrobial properties of metal-phenolic materials and the rational design of antimicrobial metal-organic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongxin Yu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Jian He
- College of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471000, China
| | - Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200000, China
| | - Jiajing Zhou
- College of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Qinqin Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zhouping Fu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
| | - Zhixing Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Xiangchun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310008, China
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13
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Xu Y, Chen B, Xu L, Zhang G, Cao L, Liu N, Wang W, Qian H, Shao M. Urchin-like Fe 3O 4@Bi 2S 3 Nanospheres Enable the Destruction of Biofilm and Efficiently Antibacterial Activities. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3215-3231. [PMID: 38205800 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated infections (BAIs) have been considered a major threat to public health, which induce persistent infections and serious complications. The poor penetration of antibacterial agents in biofilm significantly limits the efficiency of combating BAIs. Magnetic urchin-like core-shell nanospheres of Fe3O4@Bi2S3 were developed for physically destructing biofilm and inducing bacterial eradication via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and innate immunity regulation. The urchin-like magnetic nanospheres with sharp edges of Fe3O4@Bi2S3 exhibited propeller-like rotation to physically destroy biofilm under a rotating magnetic field (RMF). The mild magnetic hyperthermia improved the generation of ROS and enhanced bacterial eradication. Significantly, the urchin-like nanostructure and generated ROS could stimulate macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, which could eradicate the persistent bacteria with a metabolic inactivity state through phagocytosis, thereby promoting the recovery of implant infection and inhibiting recurrence. Thus, the design of magnetic-driven sharp-shaped nanostructures of Fe3O4@Bi2S3 provided enormous potential in combating biofilm infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqian Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Benjin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Medical Micro-Nano Devices, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Medical Micro-Nano Devices, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Guoqiang Zhang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Limian Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Nian Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Wanni Wang
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Medical Micro-Nano Devices, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Qian
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Medical Micro-Nano Devices, Hefei 230012, Anhui, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Anhui Provincial Institute of Translational Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Min Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
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14
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Wu W, Duan M, Shao S, Meng F, Qin Y, Zhang M. Recent advances in nanomaterial-mediated bacterial molecular action and their applications in wound therapy. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:6748-6769. [PMID: 37665317 DOI: 10.1039/d3bm00663h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Because of the multi-pathway antibacterial mechanisms of nanomaterials, they have received widespread attention in wound therapy. However, owing to the complexities of bacterial responses toward nanomaterials, antibacterial molecular mechanisms remain unclear, making it difficult to rationally design highly efficient antibacterial nanomaterials. Fortunately, molecular dynamics simulations and omics techniques have been used as effective methods to further investigate the action targets of nanomaterials. Therefore, the review comprehensively analyzes the antibacterial mechanisms of nanomaterials from the morphology-dependent antibacterial activity and physicochemical/optical properties-dependent antibacterial activity, which provided guidance for constructing excellently efficient and broad-spectrum antibacterial nanomaterials for wound therapy. More importantly, the main molecular action targets of nanomaterials from the membranes, DNA, energy metabolism pathways, oxidative stress defense systems, ribosomes, and biofilms are elaborated in detail. Furthermore, nanomaterials used in wound therapy are reviewed and discussed. Finally, future directions of nanomaterials from mechanisms to nanomedicine are further proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanfeng Wu
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Mengjiao Duan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Shuxuan Shao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Fanxing Meng
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Yanan Qin
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
| | - Minwei Zhang
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science & Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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15
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Zhang J, Tang W, Zhang X, Song Z, Tong T. An Overview of Stimuli-Responsive Intelligent Antibacterial Nanomaterials. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2113. [PMID: 37631327 PMCID: PMC10458108 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-resistant bacteria and infectious diseases associated with biofilms pose a significant global health threat. The integration and advancement of nanotechnology in antibacterial research offer a promising avenue to combat bacterial resistance. Nanomaterials possess numerous advantages, such as customizable designs, adjustable shapes and sizes, and the ability to synergistically utilize multiple active components, allowing for precise targeting based on specific microenvironmental variations. They serve as a promising alternative to antibiotics with diverse medical applications. Here, we discuss the formation of bacterial resistance and antibacterial strategies, and focuses on utilizing the distinctive physicochemical properties of nanomaterials to achieve inherent antibacterial effects by investigating the mechanisms of bacterial resistance. Additionally, we discuss the advancements in developing intelligent nanoscale antibacterial agents that exhibit responsiveness to both endogenous and exogenous responsive stimuli. These nanomaterials hold potential for enhanced antibacterial efficacy by utilizing stimuli such as pH, temperature, light, or ultrasound. Finally, we provide a comprehensive outlook on the existing challenges and future clinical prospects, offering valuable insights for the development of safer and more effective antibacterial nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiao Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Wantao Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhiyong Song
- College of Science, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ting Tong
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Economic Crops Genetic Improvement and Integrated Utilization, School of Life and Health Sciences, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China; (J.Z.); (X.Z.)
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