1
|
Fei H, Shang C, Sang D, Li C, Ge S, Zou L, Wang Q. Application of Strain Engineering in Solar Cells. Molecules 2024; 29:3260. [PMID: 39064839 PMCID: PMC11278694 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29143260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Solar cells represent a promising innovation in energy storage, offering not only exceptional cleanliness and low cost but also a high degree of flexibility, rendering them widely applicable. In recent years, scientists have dedicated substantial efforts to enhancing the performance of solar cells, aiming to drive sustainable development and promote clean energy applications. One approach that has garnered significant attention is strain engineering, which involves the adjustment of material microstructure and organization through mechanical tensile or compressive strain, ultimately serving to enhance the mechanical properties and performance stability of materials. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in the application of strain engineering in solar cells, focused on the current hot research area-perovskite solar cells. Specifically, it delves into the origins and characterization of strain in solar cells, the impact of strain on solar cell performance, and the methods for regulating stable strain. Furthermore, it outlines strategies for enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of solar cells through strain engineering. Finally, the paper conducts an analysis of the challenges encountered in the development process and presents a forward-looking perspective on further enhancing the performance of solar cells through strain engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dandan Sang
- School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (H.F.); (C.S.); (C.L.); (S.G.); (L.Z.)
| | | | | | | | - Qinglin Wang
- School of Physics Science and Information Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252000, China; (H.F.); (C.S.); (C.L.); (S.G.); (L.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan J, Luo Y, Zhu M, Yang B, Shen X, Wang Z, Zhuang Z, Yu Y. General and Scalable Synthesis of Mesoporous 2D MZrO 2 (M = Co, Mn, Ni, Cu, Fe) Nanocatalysts by Amorphous-to-Crystalline Transformation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308016. [PMID: 38308412 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
In modern heterogeneous catalysis, it remains highly challenging to create stable, low-cost, mesoporous 2D photo-/electro-catalysts that carry atomically dispersed active sites. In this work, a general shape-preserving amorphous-to-crystalline transformation (ACT) strategy is developed to dope various transition metal (TM) heteroatoms in ZrO2, which enabled the scalable synthesis of TMs/oxide with a mesoporous 2D structure and rich defects. During the ACT process, the amorphous MZrO2 nanoparticles (M = Fe, Ni, Cu, Co, Mn) are deposited within a confined space created by the NaCl template, and they transform to crystalline 2D ACT-MZrO2 nanosheets in a shape-preserving manner. The interconnected crystalline ACT-MZrO2 nanoparticles thus inherit the same structure as the original MZrO2 precursor. Owing to its rich active sites on the surface and abundant oxygen vacancies (OVs), ACT-CoZrO2 gives superior performance in catalyzing the CO2-to-syngas conversion as demonstrated by experiments and theoretical calculations. The ACT chemistry opens a general route for the scalable synthesis of advanced catalysts with precise microstructure by reconciliating the control of crystalline morphologies and the dispersion of heteroatoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yifei Luo
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Mengyao Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Bixia Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Xiaoxin Shen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zhiqi Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Zanyong Zhuang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Yan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, New Campus, Minhou, Fujian, 350108, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials Technologies, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Gao F, Luo C, Wang X, Zhan C, Chen C, Zhao Q. Colloidal CsBr Nanocrystals Triggered Inorganic Cation and Anion Exchange Enables High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305956. [PMID: 37875778 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Achieving longitudinal doping of specific ions by surface treatment remains a challenge for perovskite solar cells, which are often limited by dopant and solvent compatibility. Here, with the flowing environment created by CsBr colloidal nanocrystals, ion exchange is induced on the surface of the perovskite film to enable the homogeneous distribution of Cs+ and gradient distribution of Br- simultaneously at whole depth of the film. Meanwhile, assisted by long-chain organic ligands, the excess PbI2 on the surface of perovskite film is converted to a more stable quasi-2D perovskite, which realizes effective passivation of defects on the surface. As a result, the unfavorable n-type doping on the top surface is suppressed, so that the energy level alignment between perovskite and hole transport layer is optimized. On the basis of co-modification of the surface and the bulk, the PCE of champion device reaches 23.22% with enhanced VOC of 1.12 V. Device maintains 97.12% of the initial PCE in dark ambient air at 1% RH after 1056 h without encapsulation, and 91.56% of the initial PCE under light illumination of 1 sun in N2 atmosphere for more than 200 h. The approach demonstrated here provides an effective strategy for the nondestructive introduction of inorganic ions in perovskite film.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Li
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Feng Gao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chao Luo
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xianjin Wang
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Changling Zhan
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chinping Chen
- School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qing Zhao
- State Key Lab for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226010, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing, 100084, China
| |
Collapse
|