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Ma R, Jiang X, Dela Peña TA, Gao W, Wu J, Li M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P, Li G. Insulator Polymer Matrix Construction on All-Small-Molecule Photoactive Blend Towards Extrapolated 15000 Hour T 80 Stable Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405005. [PMID: 38992998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
To boost the stability of all-small-molecule (ASM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) blends, an insulator polymer called styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) as morphology stabilizer is applied into the host system of small molecules BM-ClEH:BO-4Cl. Minor addition of SEBS (1 mg/ml in host solution) provides a significantly enhanced T80 value of 15000 hours (extrapolated), surpassing doping-free (0 mg/ml) and heavy doping (10 mg/ml) counterparts (900 hours, 30 hours). The material reproducibility and cost-effectiveness of the active layer will not be affected by this industrially available polymer, where the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be well maintained at 15.02%, which is still a decent value for non-halogen solvent-treated ASM OPV. Morphological and photophysical characterizations clearly demonstrate SEBS's pivotal effect on suppressing the degradation of donor molecules and blend film's crystallization/aggregation reorganization, which protects the exciton dynamics effectively. This work pays meaningful attention to the ASM system stability, performs a smart strategy to suppress the film morphology degradation, and releases a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of device performance reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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2
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Zou B, Ng HM, Yu H, Ding P, Yao J, Chen D, Pun SH, Hu H, Ding K, Ma R, Qammar M, Liu W, Wu W, Lai JYL, Zhao C, Pan M, Guo L, Halpert JE, Ade H, Li G, Yan H. Precisely Controlling Polymer Acceptors with Weak Intramolecular Charge Transfer Effect and Superior Coplanarity for Efficient Indoor All-Polymer Solar Cells with over 27% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405404. [PMID: 38804577 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Indoor photovoltaics (IPVs) are garnering increasing attention from both the academic and industrial communities due to the pressing demand of the ecosystem of Internet-of-Things. All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs), emerging as a sub-type of organic photovoltaics, with the merits of great film-forming properties, remarkable morphological and light stability, hold great promise to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and long-term operation in IPV's application. However, the dearth of polymer acceptors with medium-bandgap has impeded the rapid development of indoor all-PSCs. Herein, a highly efficient medium-bandgap polymer acceptor (PYFO-V) is reported through the synergistic effects of side chain engineering and linkage modulation and applied for indoor all-PSCs operation. As a result, the PM6:PYFO-V-based indoor all-PSC yields the highest efficiency of 27.1% under LED light condition, marking the highest value for reported binary indoor all-PSCs to date. More importantly, the blade-coated devices using non-halogenated solvent (o-xylene) maintain an efficiency of over 23%, demonstrating the potential for industry-scale fabrication. This work not only highlights the importance of fine-tuning intramolecular charge transfer effect and intrachain coplanarity in developing high-performance medium-bandgap polymer acceptors but also provides a highly efficient strategy for indoor all-PSC application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosen Zou
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Ho Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Carbon Neutrality, Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, 529199, China
| | - Pengbo Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Dezhang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Ho Pun
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Memoona Qammar
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Joshua Yuk Lin Lai
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Mingao Pan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Liang Guo
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jonathan E Halpert
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
- Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Carbon Neutrality, Jiangmen Laboratory of Carbon Science and Technology, Jiangmen, Guangdong Province, 529199, China
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3
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Gao J, Bai H, Li P, Zhou Y, Su W, Liu C, Li X, Wu Y, Hu B, Liang Z, Bi Z, Li X, Yan L, Du H, Lu G, Gao C, Wang K, Liu Y, Ma W, Fan Q. Halogenated Dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline Units Constructed 2D-Conjugated Guest Acceptors for 19% Efficiency Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2403334. [PMID: 38884140 PMCID: PMC11336942 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Halogenation of Y-series small-molecule acceptors (Y-SMAs) is identified as an effective strategy to optimize photoelectric properties for achieving improved power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) in binary organic solar cells (OSCs). However, the effect of different halogenation in the 2D-structured large π-fused core of guest Y-SMAs on ternary OSCs has not yet been systematically studied. Herein, four 2D-conjugated Y-SMAs (X-QTP-4F, including halogen-free H-QTP-4F, chlorinated Cl-QTP-4F, brominated Br-QTP-4F, and iodinated I-QTP-4F) by attaching different halogens into 2D-conjugation extended dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core are developed. Among these X-QTP-4F, Cl-QTP-4F has a higher absorption coefficient, optimized molecular crystallinity and packing, suitable cascade energy levels, and complementary absorption with PM6:L8-BO host. Moreover, among ternary PM6:L8-BO:X-QTP-4F blends, PM6:L8-BO:Cl-QTP-4F obtains a more uniform and size-suitable fibrillary network morphology, improved molecular crystallinity and packing, as well as optimized vertical phase distribution, thus boosting charge generation, transport, extraction, and suppressing energy loss of OSCs. Consequently, the PM6:L8-BO:Cl-QTP-4F-based OSCs achieve a 19.0% efficiency, which is among the state-of-the-art OSCs based on 2D-conjugated Y-SMAs and superior to these devices based on PM6:L8-BO host (17.70%) and with guests of H-QTP-4F (18.23%), Br-QTP-4F (18.39%), and I-QTP-4F (17.62%). The work indicates that halogenation in 2D-structured dibenzo[f,h]quinoxaline core of Y-SMAs guests is a promising strategy to gain efficient ternary OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringZhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou451191China
| | - Hairui Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Yibo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054China
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsSuzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor‐Optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Yue Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic MaterialsSuzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor‐Optoelectronics Materials and DevicesCollege of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu215123China
| | - Bin Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & ShaanxiKey Lab of Photonic Technique for InformationSchool of Electronics Science & EngineeringFaculty of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Xiong Li
- Department of PhysicsBeijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijing100048China
| | - Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & ShaanxiKey Lab of Photonic Technique for InformationSchool of Electronics Science & EngineeringFaculty of Electronic and Information EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Huiling Du
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXi'an University of Science and TechnologyXi'an710054China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and TechnologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710054China
| | - Chao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen ChemicalsXi'an Modern Chemistry Research InstituteXi'an710065China
| | - Kun Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical EngineeringZhongyuan University of TechnologyZhengzhou451191China
| | - Yuhang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of MaterialsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049China
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4
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Xu L, Li S, Zhao W, Xiong Y, Yu J, Qin J, Wang G, Zhang R, Zhang T, Mu Z, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Kuvondikov V, Zakhidov E, Peng Q, Wang N, Xing G, Gao F, Hou J, Huang W, Wang J. The Role of Solution Aggregation Property toward High-Efficiency Non-Fullerene Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403476. [PMID: 38666554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In organic photovoltaic cells, the solution-aggregation effect (SAE) is long considered a critical factor in achieving high power-conversion efficiencies for polymer donor (PD)/non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) blend systems. However, the underlying mechanism has yet to be fully understood. Herein, based on an extensive study of blends consisting of the representative 2D-benzodithiophene-based PDs and acceptor-donor-acceptor-type NFAs, it is demonstrated that SAE shows a strong correlation with the aggregation kinetics during solidification, and the aggregation competition between PD and NFA determines the phase separation of blend film and thus the photovoltaic performance. PDs with strong SAEs enable earlier aggregation evolutions than NFAs, resulting in well-known polymer-templated fibrillar network structures and superior PCEs. With the weakening of PDs' aggregation effects, NFAs, showing stronger tendencies to aggregate, tend to form oversized domains, leading to significantly reduced external quantum efficiencies and fill factors. These trends reveal the importance of matching SAE between PD and NFA. The aggregation abilities of various materials are further evaluated and the aggregation ability/photovoltaic parameter diagrams of 64 PD/NFA combinations are provided. This work proposes a guiding criteria and facile approach to match efficient PD/NFA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Sunsun Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yaomeng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhen Mu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Vakhobjon Kuvondikov
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 33 Durmon yuli, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Erkin Zakhidov
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 33 Durmon yuli, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Qiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
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5
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Wang Z, Wang X, Tu L, Wang H, Du M, Dai T, Guo Q, Shi Y, Zhou E. Dithienoquinoxalineimide-Based Polymer Donor Enables All-Polymer Solar Cells Over 19 % Efficiency. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319755. [PMID: 38386897 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) have been regarded as one of the most promising candidates for commercial applications owing to their outstanding advantages such as mechanical flexibility, light weight and stable film morphology. However, compared to large amount of new-emerging excellent polymer acceptors, the development of high-performance polymer donor lags behind. Herein, a new D-π-A type polymer donor, namely QQ1, was developed based on dithienoquinoxalineimide (DTQI) as the A unit, benzodithiophene with thiophene-conjugated side chains (BDTT) as the D unit, and alkyl-thiophene as the π-bridge, respectively. QQ1 not only possesses a strong dipole moment, but also shows a wide band gap of 1.80 eV and a deep HOMO energy level of -5.47 eV, even without halogen substituents that are commonly indispensable for high-performance polymer donors. When blended with a classic polymer acceptor PY-IT, the QQ1-based all-PSC delivers an outstanding PCE of 18.81 %. After the introduction of F-BTA3 as the third component, a record PCE of 19.20 % was obtained, the highest value reported so far for all-PSCs. The impressive photovoltaic performance originates from broad absorption range, reduced energy loss, and compact π-π stacking. These results provide new insight in the rational design of novel nonhalogenated polymer donors for further development of all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongtao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, 241002, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Lijun Tu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Mengzhen Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Tingting Dai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Anhui, 241002, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
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6
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Wu W, Zou B, Ma R, Yao J, Li C, Luo Z, Xie B, Qammar M, Dela Peña TA, Li M, Wu J, Yang C, Fan Q, Ma W, Li G, Yan H. A Difluoro-Methoxylated Ending-Group Asymmetric Small Molecule Acceptor Lead Efficient Binary Organic Photovoltaic Blend. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402793. [PMID: 38757420 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Developing a new end group for synthesizing asymmetric small molecule acceptors (SMAs) is crucial for achieving high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, an asymmetric small molecule acceptor, BTP-BO-4FO, featuring a new difluoro-methoxylated end-group is reported. Compared to its symmetric counterpart L8-BO, BTP-BO-4FO exhibits an upshifted energy level, larger dipole moment, and more sequential crystallinity. By adopting two representative and widely available solvent additives (1-chloronaphthalene (CN) and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO)), the device based on PM6:BTP-BO-4FO (CN) photovoltaic blend demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.62% with an excellent open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.933 V, which surpasses the optimal result of L8-BO. The PCE of 18.62% realizes the best efficiencies for binary OPVs based on SMAs with asymmetric end groups. A series of investigations reveal that optimized PM6:BTP-BO-4FO film demonstrates similar molecular packing motif and fibrillar phase distribution as PM6:L8-BO (DIO) does, resulting in comparable recombination dynamics, thus, similar fill factor. Besides, it is found PM6:BTP-BO-4FO possesses more efficient charge generation, which yields better VOC-JSC balance. This study provides a new ending group that enables a cutting-edge efficiency in asymmetric SMA-based OPVs, enriching the material library and shed light on further design ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Bosen Zou
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Bomin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Memoona Qammar
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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Wu P, Duan Y, Li Y, Xu X, Li R, Yu L, Peng Q. 18.6% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells Enabled by a Wide Bandgap Polymer Donor Based on Benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d']bisthiazole. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306990. [PMID: 37766648 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The limited selection of wide bandgap polymer donors for all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) is a bottleneck problem restricting their further development and remains poorly studied. Herein, a new wide bandgap polymer, namely PBBTz-Cl, is designed and synthesized by bridging the benzobisthiazole acceptor block and chlorinated benzodithiophene donor block with thiophene units for application as an electron donor in all-PSCs. PBBTz-Cl not only possesses wide bandgap and deep energy levels but also displays strong absorption, high-planar structure, and good crystallinity, making it a promising candidate for application as a polymer donor in organic solar cells. When paired with the narrow bandgap polymer acceptor PY-IT, a fibril-like morphology forms, which facilitates exciton dissociation and charge transport, contributing to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.15% of the corresponding all-PSCs. Moreover, when introducing another crystalline polymer acceptor BTP-2T2F into the PBBTz-Cl:PY-IT host blend, the absorption ditch in the range of 600-750 nm is filled, and the blend morphology is further optimized with the trap density reducing. As a result, the ternary blend all-PSCs achieve a significantly improved PCE of 18.60%, which is among the highest values for all-PSCs to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixi Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology School of Materials Science & Engineering Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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8
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Zou B, Wu W, Dela Peña TA, Ma R, Luo Y, Hai Y, Xie X, Li M, Luo Z, Wu J, Yang C, Li G, Yan H. Step-by-Step Modulation of Crystalline Features and Exciton Kinetics for 19.2% Efficiency Ortho-Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:30. [PMID: 37995001 PMCID: PMC10667184 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) construction strategies proposed and applied, its power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have come to a new level of over 19% in single-junction devices. However, previous studies are heavily based in chloroform (CF) leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component. Herein, we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy, named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap, brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9, processed by CF and ortho-xylene (o-XY). With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments, the best PCE of 19.24% for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif, which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior. Likewise, over 19% PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition. This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance, hence, will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosen Zou
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, NanshaGuangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongmin Luo
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, NanshaGuangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Hai
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, NanshaGuangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyun Xie
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaying Wu
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, NanshaGuangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Hardhienata H, Ramdhani I, Alatas H, Faci S, Birowosuto MD. Investigating the Photovoltaic Performance in ABO 3 Structures via the Nonlinear Bond Model for an Arbitrary Incoming Light Polarization. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:2063. [PMID: 38004920 PMCID: PMC10673416 DOI: 10.3390/mi14112063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
ABO3 structures commonly known as perovskite are of high importance in advanced material science due to their interesting optical properties. Applications range from tunable band gaps, high absorption coefficients, and versatile electronic properties, making them ideal for solar cells to light-emitting diodes and even photodetectors. In this work, we present, for the first time, a nonlinear phenomenological bond model analysis of second harmonic generation (SHG) in tetragonal ABO3 with arbitrary input light polarization. We study the material symmetry and explore the strength of the nonlinear generalized third-rank tensorial elements, which can be exploited to produce a high SHG response if the incoming light polarization is correctly selected. We found that the calculated SHG intensity profile aligns well with existing experimental data. Additionally, as the incoming light polarization varies, we observed a smooth shift in the SHG intensity peak along with changes in the number of peaks. These observations confirm the results from existing rotational anisotropy SHG experiments. In addition, we show how spatial dispersion can contribute to the total SHG intensity. Our work highlights the possibility of studying relatively complex structures, such as ABO3, with minimal fitting parameters due to the power of the effective bond vector structure, enabling the introduction of an effective SHG hyperpolarizability rather than a full evaluation of the irreducible SHG tensor by group theoretical analysis. Such a simplification may well lead to a better understanding of the nonlinear properties in these classes of material and, in turn, can improve our understanding of the photovoltaic performance in ABO3 structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendradi Hardhienata
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, IPB University, Meranti Avenue, Wing S Building, Dramaga Campus of IPB, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia; (I.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Indra Ramdhani
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, IPB University, Meranti Avenue, Wing S Building, Dramaga Campus of IPB, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia; (I.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Husin Alatas
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, IPB University, Meranti Avenue, Wing S Building, Dramaga Campus of IPB, Bogor 16680, West Java, Indonesia; (I.R.); (H.A.)
| | - Salim Faci
- ESYCOM, Université Gustave Eiffel, CNRS, CNAM, 292, rue Saint-Martin, 75003 Paris, France;
| | - Muhammad Danang Birowosuto
- Łukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, 54-066 Wrocław, Poland;
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Bahadur J, Ryu J, Cho S, Yoon S, Lee DG, Kang DW, Pandey P. Controlled Crystal Growth of All-Inorganic CsPbI 2.2Br 0.8 Thin Film via Additive Strategy for Air-Processed Efficient Outdoor/Indoor Perovskite Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2716. [PMID: 37836357 PMCID: PMC10574290 DOI: 10.3390/nano13192716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of defects during perovskite film fabrication deteriorates the overall film quality and adversely affects the device efficiency of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). We endeavored to control the formation of defects by applying an additive engineering strategy using FABr, which retards the crystal growth formation of CsPbI2.2Br0.8 perovskite by developing an intermediate phase at the initial stage. Improved crystalline and pinhole-free perovskite film with an optimal concentration of FABr-0.8M% additive was realized through crystallographic and microscopic analysis. Suppressed non-radiative recombination was observed through photoluminescence with an improved lifetime of 125 ns for FABr-0.8M% compared to the control film (83 ns). The champion device efficiency of 17.95% was attained for the FABr-0.8M% PSC, while 15.94% efficiency was achieved in the control PSC under air atmospheric conditions. Furthermore, an impressively high indoor performance of 31.22% was achieved for the FABr-0.8M% PSC under 3200 K (1000 lux) LED as compared to the control (23.15%). With a realistic approach of air processing and controlling the crystallization kinetics in wide-bandgap halide PSCs, this investigation paves the way for implementing additive engineering strategies to reduce defects in halide perovskites, which can further benefit efficiency enhancements in outdoor and indoor applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Bahadur
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun Ryu
- Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.R.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (D.-G.L.)
| | - SungWon Cho
- Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.R.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (D.-G.L.)
| | - Saemon Yoon
- Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.R.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (D.-G.L.)
| | - Dong-Gun Lee
- Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.R.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (D.-G.L.)
| | - Dong-Won Kang
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.R.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (D.-G.L.)
| | - Padmini Pandey
- Department of Smart Cities, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea; (J.R.); (S.C.); (S.Y.); (D.-G.L.)
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11
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Zhang C, Zhang B, Liang J, Ming Z, Wen T, Yang X. A Harvester with a Helix S-Type Vertical Axis to Capture Random Breeze Energy Efficiently. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1466. [PMID: 37512777 PMCID: PMC10385569 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Breeze energy is a widely distributed renewable energy source in the natural world, but its efficient exploitation is very difficult. The conventional harvester with fixed arm length (HFA) has a relatively high start-up wind speed owing to its high and constant rotational inertia. Therefore, this paper proposes a harvester with a helix s-type vertical axis (HSVA) for achieving random energy capture in the natural breeze environment. The HSVA is constructed with two semi-circular buckets driven by the difference of the drag exerted, and the wind energy is transferred into mechanical energy. Firstly, as the wind speed changes, the HSVA harvester can match the random breeze to obtain highly efficient power. Compared with the HFA harvester, the power coefficient is significantly improved from 0.15 to 0.2 without additional equipment. Furthermore, it has more time for energy attenuation as the wind speeds dropped from strong to moderate. Moreover, the starting torque is also better than that of HFA harvester. Experiments showed that the HSVA harvester can improve power performance on the grounds of the wind speed ranging in 0.8-10.1 m/s, and that the star-up wind speed is 0.8 m/s and output peak power can reach 17.1 mW. In comparison with the HFA harvester, the HSVA harvester can obtain higher efficient power, requires lower startup speed and keeps energy longer under the same time. Additionally, as a distributed energy source, the HSVA harvester can provide a self-generating power supply to electronic sensors for monitoring the surrounding environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Boren Zhang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Jintao Liang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Zhengfeng Ming
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Tao Wen
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xinlong Yang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
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