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Gade S, Glover K, Mishra D, Sharma S, Guy O, Donnelly RF, Vora LK, Thakur RRS. Hollow microneedles for ocular drug delivery. J Control Release 2024; 371:43-66. [PMID: 38735395 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) are micron-sized needles, typically <2 mm in length, arranged either as an array or as single needle. These MNs offer a minimally invasive approach to ocular drug delivery due to their micron size (reducing tissue damage compared to that of hypodermic needles) and overcoming significant barriers in drug administration. While various types of MNs have been extensively researched, significant progress has been made in the use of hollow MNs (HMNs) for ocular drug delivery, specifically through suprachoroidal injections. The suprachoroidal space, situated between the sclera and choroid, has been targeted using optical coherence tomography-guided injections of HMNs for the treatment of uveitis. Unlike other MNs, HMNs can deliver larger volumes of formulations to the eye. This review primarily focuses on the use of HMNs in ocular drug delivery and explores their ocular anatomy and the distribution of formulations following potential HMN administration routes. Additionally, this review focuses on the influence of formulation characteristics (e.g., solution viscosity, particle size), HMN properties (e.g., bore or lumen diameter, MN length), and routes of administration (e.g., periocular transscleral, suprachoroidal, intravitreal) on the ocular distribution of drugs. Overall, this paper highlights the distinctive properties of HMNs, which make them a promising technology for improving drug delivery efficiency, precision, and patient outcomes in the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilpkala Gade
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK
| | - Katie Glover
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK
| | - Deepakkumar Mishra
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK
| | - Sanjiv Sharma
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK; Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Liverpool, UK
| | - Owen Guy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, Belfast, UK.
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2
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Young OM, Xu X, Sarker S, Sochol RD. Direct laser writing-enabled 3D printing strategies for microfluidic applications. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:2371-2396. [PMID: 38576361 PMCID: PMC11060139 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, additive manufacturing-or "three-dimensional (3D) printing"-has attracted increasing attention in the Lab on a Chip community as a pathway to achieve sophisticated system architectures that are difficult or infeasible to fabricate via conventional means. One particularly promising 3D manufacturing technology is "direct laser writing (DLW)", which leverages two-photon (or multi-photon) polymerization (2PP) phenomena to enable high geometric versatility, print speeds, and precision at length scales down to the 100 nm range. Although researchers have demonstrated the potential of using DLW for microfluidic applications ranging from organ on a chip and drug delivery to micro/nanoparticle processing and soft microrobotics, such scenarios present unique challenges for DLW. Specifically, microfluidic systems typically require macro-to-micro fluidic interfaces (e.g., inlet and outlet ports) to facilitate fluidic loading, control, and retrieval operations; however, DLW-based 3D printing relies on a micron-to-submicron-sized 2PP volume element (i.e., "voxel") that is poorly suited for manufacturing these larger-scale fluidic interfaces. In this Tutorial Review, we highlight and discuss the four most prominent strategies that researchers have developed to circumvent this trade-off and realize macro-to-micro interfaces for DLW-enabled microfluidic components and systems. In addition, we consider the possibility that-with the advent of next-generation commercial DLW printers equipped with new dynamic voxel tuning, print field, and laser power capabilities-the overall utility of DLW strategies for Lab on a Chip fields may soon expand dramatically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, 2147 Glenn L. Martin Hall, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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3
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Li H, Shang Y, Zeng J, Matsusaki M. Technology for the formation of engineered microvascular network models and their biomedical applications. NANO CONVERGENCE 2024; 11:10. [PMID: 38430377 PMCID: PMC10908775 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-024-00416-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have made great progress in recent decades, as the fields of bioengineering, materials science, and stem cell biology have converged, allowing tissue engineers to replicate the structure and function of various levels of the vascular tree. Nonetheless, the lack of a fully functional vascular system to efficiently supply oxygen and nutrients has hindered the clinical application of bioengineered tissues for transplantation. To investigate vascular biology, drug transport, disease progression, and vascularization of engineered tissues for regenerative medicine, we have analyzed different approaches for designing microvascular networks to create models. This review discusses recent advances in the field of microvascular tissue engineering, explores potential future challenges, and offers methodological recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yucheng Shang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jinfeng Zeng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Michiya Matsusaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- Joint Research Laboratory (TOPPAN) for Advanced Cell Regulatory Chemistry, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
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4
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Patel D, Shetty S, Acha C, Pantoja IEM, Zhao A, George D, Gracias DH. Microinstrumentation for Brain Organoids. Adv Healthc Mater 2024:e2302456. [PMID: 38217546 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Brain organoids are three-dimensional aggregates of self-organized differentiated stem cells that mimic the structure and function of human brain regions. Organoids bridge the gaps between conventional drug screening models such as planar mammalian cell culture, animal studies, and clinical trials. They can revolutionize the fields of developmental biology, neuroscience, toxicology, and computer engineering. Conventional microinstrumentation for conventional cellular engineering, such as planar microfluidic chips; microelectrode arrays (MEAs); and optical, magnetic, and acoustic techniques, has limitations when applied to three-dimensional (3D) organoids, primarily due to their limits with inherently two-dimensional geometry and interfacing. Hence, there is an urgent need to develop new instrumentation compatible with live cell culture techniques and with scalable 3D formats relevant to organoids. This review discusses conventional planar approaches and emerging 3D microinstrumentation necessary for advanced organoid-machine interfaces. Specifically, this article surveys recently developed microinstrumentation, including 3D printed and curved microfluidics, 3D and fast-scan optical techniques, buckling and self-folding MEAs, 3D interfaces for electrochemical measurements, and 3D spatially controllable magnetic and acoustic technologies relevant to two-way information transfer with brain organoids. This article highlights key challenges that must be addressed for robust organoid culture and reliable 3D spatiotemporal information transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devan Patel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Saniya Shetty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Chris Acha
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Itzy E Morales Pantoja
- Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alice Zhao
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Derosh George
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - David H Gracias
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics (LCSR), Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center (SKCCC), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Center for MicroPhysiological Systems (MPS), Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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5
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Sarker S, Forghani K, Wen Z, Halli RN, Hoag S, Flank S, Sochol RD. TOWARD CONTROLLED-RELEASE DRUG DELIVERY MICROCARRIERS ENABLED BY DIRECT LASER WRITING 3D PRINTING. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 2024; 2024:433-436. [PMID: 38482161 PMCID: PMC10936737 DOI: 10.1109/mems58180.2024.10439600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Controlled-release, and especially long-acting, drug delivery systems hold promise for improving treatments for numerous medical conditions. Previously, we reported an additive manufacturing or "three-dimensional (3D) printing" approach for fabricating liquid-core-shell-cap microcarriers comprising standard photoresists. Here we explore the potential to extend this strategy to achieve microcarriers comprising biodegradable materials as a new pathway to controlled-release drug delivery options. Specifically, we investigate the use of "Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW)" as a means to 3D print microcarriers composed of: (i) a bottle-shaped "shell" with an orifice, (ii) an aqueous liquid "core", and (iii) a biodegradable "cap". The cap, which is DLW-printed directly onto the shell's orifice, is designed to degrade over time in the body-e.g., with degradation time proportional to cap thickness-to ultimately facilitate release of the liquid core at desired time points. Fabrication results based on the use of a biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) photomaterial for the cap revealed that shell designs incorporating microfluidic obstruction structures appeared to limit undesired entry of the liquid-phase PEGDA into the shell (i.e., directly preceding cap printing), thereby resulting in improved retention of the liquid core after completion of the cap printing process. These results mark an important first step toward evaluating the utility of the presented DLW 3D printing strategy for possible drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kimia Forghani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ziteng Wen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ryan N Halli
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Stephen Hoag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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6
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Sarker S, Wang J, Shah SA, Jewell CM, Rand-Yadin K, Janowski M, Walczak P, Liang Y, Sochol RD. GEOMETRIC DETERMINANTS OF CELL VIABILITY FOR 3D-PRINTED HOLLOW MICRONEEDLE ARRAY-MEDIATED DELIVERY. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 2024; 2024:429-432. [PMID: 38476775 PMCID: PMC10932570 DOI: 10.1109/mems58180.2024.10439381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
A wide range of emerging biomedical applications and clinical interventions rely on the ability to deliver living cells via hollow, high-aspect-ratio microneedles. Recently, microneedle arrays (MNA) have gained increasing interest due to inherent benefits for drug delivery; however, studies exploring the potential to harness such advantages for cell delivery have been impeded due to the difficulties in manufacturing high-aspect-ratio MNAs suitable for delivering mammalian cells. To bypass these challenges, here we leverage and extend our previously reported hybrid additive manufacturing (or "three-dimensional (3D) printing) strategy-i.e., the combined the "Vat Photopolymerization (VPP)" technique, "Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)" 3D printing with "Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW)"-to 3D print hollow MNAs that are suitable for cell delivery investigations. Specifically, we 3D printed four sets of 650 μm-tall MNAs corresponding to needle-specific inner diameters (IDs) of 25 μm, 50 μm, 75 μm, and 100 μm, and then examined the effects of these MNAs on the post-delivery viability of both dendritic cells (DCs) and HEK293 cells. Experimental results revealed that the 25 μm-ID case led to a statistically significant reduction in post-MNA-delivery cell viability for both cell types; however, MNAs with needle-specific IDs ≥ 50 μm were statistically indistinguishable from one another as well as conventional 32G single needles, thereby providing an important benchmark for MNA-mediated cell delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jinghui Wang
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shrey A Shah
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Christopher M Jewell
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yajie Liang
- Program in Image Guided Neurointerventions, Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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7
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Felix BM, Young OM, Andreou JT, Sarker S, Fuge MD, Krieger A, Weiss CR, Bailey CR, Sochol RD. FABRICATION OF MULTILUMEN MICROFLUIDIC TUBING FOR EX SITU DIRECT LASER WRITING. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 2024; 2024:1158-1161. [PMID: 38516341 PMCID: PMC10955428 DOI: 10.1109/mems58180.2024.10439522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Among the numerous additive manufacturing or "three-dimensional (3D) printing" techniques, two-photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW) is distinctively suited for applications that demand high geometric versatility with micron-to-submicron-scale feature resolutions. Recently, "ex situ DLW (esDLW)" has emerged as a powerful approach for printing 3D microfluidic structures directly atop meso/macroscale fluidic tubing that can be manipulated by hand; however, difficulties in creating custom esDLW-compatible multilumen tubing at such scales has hindered progress. To address this impediment, here we introduce a novel methodology for fabricating submillimeter multilumen tubing for esDLW 3D printing. Preliminary fabrication results demonstrate the utility of the presented strategy for resolving 743 μm-in-diameter tubing with three lumens-each with an inner diameter (ID) of 80 μm. Experimental results not only revealed independent flow of discrete fluorescently labelled fluids through each of the three lumens, but also effective esDLW-printing of a demonstrative 3D "MEMS" microstructure atop the tubing. These results suggest that the presented approach could offer a promising pathway to enable geometrically sophisticated microfluidic systems to be 3D printed with input and/or output ports fully sealed to multiple, distinct lumens of fluidic tubing for emerging applications in fields ranging from drug delivery and medical diagnostics to soft surgical robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey M Felix
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Olivia M Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jordi T Andreou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sunandita Sarker
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mark D Fuge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Axel Krieger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Clifford R Weiss
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christopher R Bailey
- Division of Vascular and Interventional Radiology, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Young OM, Felix BM, Fuge MD, Krieger A, Sochol RD. A 3D-MICROPRINTED COAXIAL NOZZLE FOR FABRICATING LONG, FLEXIBLE MICROFLUIDIC TUBING. PROCEEDINGS. IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS 2024; 2024:1174-1177. [PMID: 38482160 PMCID: PMC10936740 DOI: 10.1109/mems58180.2024.10439296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
A variety of emerging applications, particularly those in medical and soft robotics fields, are predicated on the ability to fabricate long, flexible meso/microfluidic tubing with high customization. To address this need, here we present a hybrid additive manufacturing (or "three-dimensional (3D) printing") strategy that involves three key steps: (i) using the "Vat Photopolymerization (VPP) technique, "Liquid-Crystal Display (LCD)" 3D printing to print a bulk microfluidic device with three inlets and three concentric outlets; (ii) using "Two-Photon Direct Laser Writing (DLW)" to 3D microprint a coaxial nozzle directly atop the concentric outlets of the bulk microdevice, and then (iii) extruding paraffin oil and a liquid-phase photocurable resin through the coaxial nozzle and into a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel for UV exposure, ultimately producing the desired tubing. In addition to fabricating the resulting tubing-composed of polymerized photomaterial-at arbitrary lengths (e.g., > 10 cm), the distinct input pressures can be adjusted to tune the inner diameter (ID) and outer diameter (OD) of the fabricated tubing. For example, experimental results revealed that increasing the driving pressure of the liquid-phase photomaterial from 50 kPa to 100 kPa led to fluidic tubing with IDs and ODs of 291±99 μm and 546±76 μm up to 741±31 μm and 888±39 μm, respectively. Furthermore, preliminary results for DLW-printing a microfluidic "M" structure directly atop the tubing suggest that the tubing could be used for "ex situ DLW (esDLW)" fabrication, which would further enhance the utility of the tubing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia M Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Bailey M Felix
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Mark D Fuge
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Axel Krieger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan D Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Naik D, Balakrishnan G, Rajagopalan M, Huang X, Trivedi N, Bhat A, Bettinger CJ. Villi Inspired Mechanical Interlocking for Intestinal Retentive Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2301084. [PMID: 37449425 PMCID: PMC10602537 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal retentive devices have applications ranging from sustained oral drug delivery systems to indwelling ingestible medical devices. Current strategies to retain devices in the small intestine primarily focus on chemical anchoring using mucoadhesives or mechanical coupling using expandable devices or structures that pierce the intestinal epithelium. Here, the feasibility of intestinal retention using devices containing villi-inspired structures that mechanically interlock with natural villi of the small intestine is evaluated. First the viability of mechanical interlocking as an intestinal retention strategy is estimated by estimating the resistance to peristaltic shear between simulated natural villi and devices with various micropost geometries and parameters. Simulations are validated in vitro by fabricating micropost array patches via multistep replica molding and performing lap-shear tests to evaluate the interlocking performance of the fabricated microposts with artificial villi. Finally, the optimal material and design parameters of the patches that can successfully achieve retention in vivo are predicted. This study represents a proof-of-concept for the viability of micropost-villi mechanical interlocking strategy to develop nonpenetrative multifunctional intestinal retentive devices for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Durva Naik
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Gaurav Balakrishnan
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Mahathy Rajagopalan
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, 4N201PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Xiaozili Huang
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Nihar Trivedi
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Arnav Bhat
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, 4N201PittsburghPA15213USA
| | - Christopher J. Bettinger
- Materials Science and Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Wean Hall, 3325PittsburghPA15213USA
- Biomedical Engineering DepartmentCarnegie Mellon University5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, 4N201PittsburghPA15213USA
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10
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Han Y, Li J, Chen T, Gao B, Wang H. Modern microelectronics and microfluidics on microneedles. Analyst 2023; 148:4591-4615. [PMID: 37664954 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01045g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Possessing the attractive advantages of moderate invasiveness and high compliance, there is no doubt that microneedles (MNs) have been a gradually rising star in the field of medicine. Recent evidence implies that microelectronics technology based on microcircuits, microelectrodes and other microelectronic elements combined with MNs can realize mild electrical stimulation, drug release and various types of electrical sensing detection. In addition, the combination of microfluidics technology and MNs makes it possible to transport fluid drugs and access a small quantity of body fluids which have shown significant untapped potential for a wide range of diagnostics. Of particular note is that combining both technologies and MNs is more difficult, but is promising to build a modern healthcare platform with more comprehensive functions. This review introduces the properties of MNs that can form integrated systems with microelectronics and microfluidics, and summarizes these systems and their applications. Furthermore, the future challenges and perspectives of the integrated systems are conclusively proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhang Han
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Tingting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Bingbing Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Huili Wang
- Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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11
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Barnes N, Young O, Colton A, Liu X, Janowski M, Gandhi D, Sochol R, Brown J, Krieger A. Toward a novel soft robotic system for minimally invasive interventions. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2023; 18:1547-1557. [PMID: 37486544 PMCID: PMC10928906 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-02997-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE During minimally invasive surgery, surgeons maneuver tools through complex anatomies, which is difficult without the ability to control the position of the tools inside the body. A potential solution for a substantial portion of these procedures is the efficient design and control of a pneumatically actuated soft robot system. METHODS We designed and evaluated a system to control a steerable catheter tip. A macroscale 3D printed catheter tip was designed to have two separately pressurized channels to induce bending in two directions. A motorized hand controller was developed to allow users to control the bending angle while manually inserting the steerable tip. Preliminary characterization of two catheter tip prototypes was performed and used to map desired angle inputs into pressure commands. RESULTS The integrated robotic system allowed both a novice and a skilled surgeon to position the steerable catheter tip at the location of cylindrical targets with sub-millimeter accuracy. The novice was able to reach each target within ten seconds and the skilled surgeon within five seconds on average. CONCLUSION This soft robotic system enables its user to simultaneously insert and bend the pneumatically actuated catheter tip with high accuracy and in a short amount of time. These results show promise concerning the development of a soft robotic system that can improve outcomes in minimally invasive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Barnes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Olivia Young
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Adira Colton
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dheeraj Gandhi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Neuroradiology, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Sochol
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Maryland Robotics Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Institute for Systems Research, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Robert E. Fischell Institute for Biomedical Devices, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy Brown
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Axel Krieger
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Baker-Sediako RD, Richter B, Blaicher M, Thiel M, Hermatschweiler M. Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles. BEILSTEIN JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 14:857-864. [PMID: 37615014 PMCID: PMC10442529 DOI: 10.3762/bjnano.14.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Microneedles and, subsequently, microneedle arrays are emerging miniaturized medical devices for painless transdermal drug delivery. New and improved additive manufacturing methods enable novel microneedle designs to be realized for preclinical and clinical trial assessments. However, current literature reviews suggest that industrial manufacturers and researchers have focused their efforts on one-size-fits-all designs for transdermal drug delivery, regardless of patient demographic and injection site. In this perspective article, we briefly review current microneedle designs, microfabrication methods, and industrialization strategies. We also provide an outlook where microneedles may become personalized according to a patient's demographic in order to increase drug delivery efficiency and reduce healing times for patient-centric care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Richter
- Nanoscribe Gmbh & Co, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matthias Blaicher
- Nanoscribe Gmbh & Co, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Thiel
- Nanoscribe Gmbh & Co, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Martin Hermatschweiler
- Nanoscribe Gmbh & Co, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 6, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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