1
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Zhang X, Shen Y, Rovis T. Photoinduced Nickel-Catalyzed Selective N-Demethylation of Trialkylamines Using C(sp 2)-Bromides as HAT Reagents. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:3294-3300. [PMID: 36724205 PMCID: PMC9997100 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
N-Demethylation of trialkylamines is a useful transformation, but typically requires harsh reaction conditions and stepwise procedures, as well as judicious protection of labile functional groups. Herein we report a mild, catalytic approach for the demethylation of trialkylamines by utilizing photoinduced nickel catalysis wherein C(sp2)-bromides serve as hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) reagents. This method achieves direct demethylation of trialkylamines with wide functional group compatibility, making it highly suitable for late-stage derivatization of complex molecules. Mechanistic investigations provide evidence that C(sp2) radicals generated via photoinduced Ni-C(sp2) bond homolysis are involved in hydrogen atom abstraction from trialkylamines. Utilizing steric control of the C(sp2)-bromides, our HAT approach achieves demethylation with excellent site selectivity in the presence of benzyl-substituted amines, which is complementary to the selectivity of classical approaches that afford debenzylation product instead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yangyang Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
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2
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Najmi AA, Bischoff R, Permentier HP. N-Dealkylation of Amines. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103293. [PMID: 35630770 PMCID: PMC9146227 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
N-dealkylation, the removal of an N-alkyl group from an amine, is an important chemical transformation which provides routes for the synthesis of a wide range of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, bulk and fine chemicals. N-dealkylation of amines is also an important in vivo metabolic pathway in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Identification and synthesis of drug metabolites such as N-dealkylated metabolites are necessary throughout all phases of drug development studies. In this review, different approaches for the N-dealkylation of amines including chemical, catalytic, electrochemical, photochemical and enzymatic methods will be discussed.
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3
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Hasanpour Z, Salehi P, Bunch L, Khoramjouy M, Bararjanian M, Staerk D, Faizi M. Semi-synthesis of novel buprenorphine derivatives and their anti-nociceptive properties and dependency potential. CAN J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2020-0429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel 1,2,3-triazole-tethered N-norbuprenorphine derivatives with an OMe or OH group at the C3 position were synthesized alongside with evaluation of their analgesic properties. The analgesic activities of the resulting library were investigated via tail flick test in mice. Our results indicated that 10b and 10e were as effective as the starting compounds 8 and 9 with ED50 equal to 16.59 and 19.44 mg/kg, respectively. To investigate the effect of a methyl group at C3 on biological properties, the most active compounds were O-demethylated and their anti-nociceptive effects were assessed. The new O-demethylated derivatives (11b and 11e) showed better analgesic properties than the parent compounds with ED50 of 14.73 and 15.80 mg/kg, respectively. Naloxone prevented the analgesic effect of the synthesized compounds, indicating that the opioid receptors are highly involved in the anti-nociceptive effects. The potential dependency effects of the most potent derivatives were studied by condition place preference test in mice and compared with morphine and buprenorphine. Interestingly, 10b, 10e, 11b, and 11e did not show any dependency effect, similar to buprenorphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hasanpour
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Peyman Salehi
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Lennart Bunch
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mona Khoramjouy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Bararjanian
- Department of Phytochemistry, Medicinal Plants and Drugs Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Dan Staerk
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mehrdad Faizi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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4
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Wicks C, Hudlicky T, Rinner U. Morphine alkaloids: History, biology, and synthesis. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2021; 86:145-342. [PMID: 34565506 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This chapter provides a short overview of the history of morphine since it's isolation by Sertürner in 1805. The biosynthesis of the title alkaloid as well as all total and formal syntheses of morphine and codeine published after 1996 are discussed in detail. The last section of this chapter provides a detailed overview of medicinally relevant derivatives of the title alkaloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wicks
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - Uwe Rinner
- IMC Fachhochschule Krems/IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Krems, Austria.
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5
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Najmi AA, Bhat MF, Bischoff R, Poelarends GJ, Permentier HP. TEMPO‐Mediated Electrochemical N‐demethylation of Opiate Alkaloids. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alipour Najmi
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - M. Faizan Bhat
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit J. Poelarends
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Hjalmar P. Permentier
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen A. Deusinglaan 1 9713 AV Groningen The Netherlands
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6
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Firoozi S, Hosseini-Sarvari M. Nanosized CdS as a Reusable Photocatalyst: The Study of Different Reaction Pathways between Tertiary Amines and Aryl Sulfonyl Chlorides through Visible-Light-Induced N-Dealkylation and C-H Activation Processes. J Org Chem 2021; 86:2117-2134. [PMID: 33464894 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It has been found that the final products of the reaction of sulfonyl chlorides and tertiary amines in the presence of cadmium sulfide nanoparticles under visible light irradiation are highly dependent on the applied reaction conditions. Interestingly, with the change of a reaction condition, different pathways were conducted (visible-light-induced N-dealkylation or sp3 and sp2 C-H activation) that lead to different products such as secondary amines and various sulfonyl compounds. Remarkably, all of these reactions were performed under visible light irradiation and an air atmosphere without any additive or oxidant in benign solvents or under solvent-free conditions. During this study, the CdS nanoparticles as affordable, heterogeneous, and recyclable photocatalysts were designed, successfully synthesized, and fully characterized and applied for these protocols. During these studies, intermediates resulting from the oxidation of tertiary amines are trapped during the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process. The reaction was carried out efficiently with a variety of substrates to give the corresponding products at relatively short times in good to excellent yields in parallel with the use of the visible light irradiation as a renewable energy source. Most of these processes are novel or are superior in terms of cost-effectiveness, safety, and simplicity to published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Firoozi
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Mona Hosseini-Sarvari
- Department of Chemistry, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7194684795, Islamic Republic of Iran
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7
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Glotz G, Kappe CO, Cantillo D. Electrochemical N-Demethylation of 14-Hydroxy Morphinans: Sustainable Access to Opioid Antagonists. Org Lett 2020; 22:6891-6896. [PMID: 32790319 PMCID: PMC7498191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The most challenging step in the preparation of many opioid antagonists is the selective N-demethylation of a 14-hydroxymorphinan precursor. This process is carried out on a large scale using stoichiometric amounts of hazardous chemicals like cyanogen bromide or chloroformates. We have developed a mild reagent- and catalyst-free procedure for the N-demethylation step based on the anodic oxidation of the tertiary amine. The ensuing intermediates can be readily hydrolyzed to the target nor-opioids in very good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Glotz
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Center
for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Center
for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute
of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Center
for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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8
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Chen Y, Glotz G, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. Organophotocatalytic N-Demethylation of Oxycodone Using Molecular Oxygen. Chemistry 2020; 26:2973-2979. [PMID: 31898822 PMCID: PMC7317935 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
N‐Demethylation of oxycodone is one of the key steps in the synthesis of important opioid antagonists like naloxone or analgesics like nalbuphine. The reaction is typically carried out using stoichiometric amounts of toxic and corrosive reagents. Herein, we present a green and scalable organophotocatalytic procedure that accomplishes the N‐demethylation step using molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant and an organic dye (rose bengal) as an effective photocatalyst. Optimization of the reaction conditions under continuous flow conditions using visible‐light irradiation led to an efficient, reliable, and scalable process, producing noroxycodone hydrochloride in high isolated yield and purity after a simple workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuesu Chen
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Gabriel Glotz
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Center for Continuous Flow Synthesis and Processing (CC FLOW), Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria
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9
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Afewerki S, Wang JX, Liao WW, Córdova A. The Chemical Synthesis and Applications of Tropane Alkaloids. THE ALKALOIDS. CHEMISTRY AND BIOLOGY 2018; 81:151-233. [PMID: 30685050 DOI: 10.1016/bs.alkal.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tropanes are an important class of alkaloid natural products that are found in plants all over the world. These compounds can exhibit significant biological activity and are among the oldest known medicines. In the early 19th century, tropanes were isolated, characterized, and synthesized by notable chemical researchers. Their significant biological activities have inspired tremendous research efforts toward their synthesis and the elucidation of their pharmacological activity both in academia and in industry. In this chapter, which addresses the developments in this field since 1994, the focus is on the synthesis of these compounds, and several examples of sophisticated synthetic protocols involving both asymmetric and catalytic approaches are described. In addition, the structures of more than 100 new alkaloids are included as well as the applications and pharmacological properties of some tropane alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Afewerki
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jia-Xin Wang
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei-Wei Liao
- Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Armando Córdova
- Department of Natural Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Berzelii Center EXSELENT, The Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
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10
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Mata A, Cantillo D, Kappe CO. An Integrated Continuous-Flow Synthesis of a Key Oxazolidine Intermediate to Noroxymorphone from Naturally Occurring Opioids. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mata
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; NAWI Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
| | - David Cantillo
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; NAWI Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
| | - C. Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Graz; NAWI Graz; Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE); Inffeldgasse 13 8010 Graz Austria
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11
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Design and Development of Pd-Catalyzed AerobicN-Demethylation Strategies for the Synthesis of Noroxymorphone in Continuous Flow Mode. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201601453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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12
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Abstract
The present review offers an overview of nonclassical (e.g., with no pre- or in situ activation of a carboxylic acid partner) approaches for the construction of amide bonds. The review aims to comprehensively discuss relevant work, which was mainly done in the field in the last 20 years. Organization of the data follows a subdivision according to substrate classes: catalytic direct formation of amides from carboxylic and amines ( section 2 ); the use of carboxylic acid surrogates ( section 3 ); and the use of amine surrogates ( section 4 ). The ligation strategies (NCL, Staudinger, KAHA, KATs, etc.) that could involve both carboxylic acid and amine surrogates are treated separately in section 5 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Marcia de Figueiredo
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Simon Suppo
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Marc Campagne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt de Montpellier (ICGM), UMR 5253-CNRS-UM-ENSCM, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie , 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
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13
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Gutmann B, Weigl U, Cox DP, Kappe CO. Batch- and Continuous-Flow Aerobic Oxidation of 14-Hydroxy Opioids to 1,3-Oxazolidines-A Concise Synthesis of Noroxymorphone. Chemistry 2016; 22:10393-8. [PMID: 27172347 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
14-Hydroxymorphinone is converted to noroxymorphone, the immediate precursor of important opioid antagonists, such as naltrexone and naloxone, in a three-step reaction sequence. The initial oxidation of the N-methyl group in 14-hydroxymorphinone with in situ generated colloidal palladium(0) as the catalyst and molecular oxygen as the terminal oxidant constitutes the key transformation in this new route. This oxidation results in the formation of an unexpected oxazolidine ring structure. Subsequent hydrolysis of the oxazolidine under reduced pressure followed by hydrogenation in a packed-bed flow reactor using palladium(0) as the catalyst provides noroxymorphone in high purity and good overall yield. To overcome challenges associated with gas-liquid reactions with molecular oxygen, the key oxidation reaction was translated to a continuous-flow process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Gutmann
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria.,Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Weigl
- Cilag AG, Hochstrasse 201, 8200, Schaffhausen, Switzerland
| | - D Phillip Cox
- Noramco Inc., 503 Carr Rd, Suite 200, Wilmington, DE, 19809, USA
| | - C Oliver Kappe
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Heinrichstrasse 28, 8010, Graz, Austria. .,Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering (RCPE), Inffeldgasse 13, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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14
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Machara A, Endoma-Arias MAA, Císařová I, Cox DP, Hudlicky T. Direct Synthesis of Noroxymorphone from Thebaine: Unusual CeIVOxidation of a Methoxydiene-Iron Complex to an Enone-γ-Nitrate. European J Org Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201600153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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15
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Abstract
This short review summarizes our work on the process development for the synthesis of buprenorphine, naltrexone, naloxone, and nalbuphine from naturally occurring opiates such as thebaine and oripavine. Several new methods for N-demethylation of morphinans have been developed during the pursuit of this research. The article traces the evolution of various approaches and provides a comparison for overall efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Hudlicky
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada
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16
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Ma L, Li Y, Li Z. Iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amidation of tertiary amines with carboxylic acids. Sci China Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-015-5368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Časar Z, Mesar T. A DMAP-Catalyzed Approach to the Industrial-Scale Preparation of N-6-Demethylated 9,10-Dihydrolysergic Acid Methyl Ester: A Key Cabergoline and Pergolide Precursor. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/op500394f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zdenko Časar
- API
Development, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomaž Mesar
- API
Development, Sandoz Development Center Slovenia, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
- API
Production, Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., Kolodvorska 27, 1234 Mengeš, Slovenia
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18
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Cheng HC, Hou WJ, Li ZW, Liu MY, Guan BT. The copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amidation of tertiary amines. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:17596-9. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc07454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A general and efficient method for the synthesis of tertiary amides has been developed via the copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amidation of tertiary amines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Cheng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Wen-Jun Hou
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Zeng-Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Ming-Yu Liu
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
| | - Bing-Tao Guan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- China
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19
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Yap JSL, Ding Y, Yang XY, Wong J, Li Y, Pullarkat SA, Leung PH. Mechanistic Insights into the PdII-Catalyzed ChemoselectiveN-Demethylation vs. Cyclometalation Reactivity Pathways in 1-Aryl-N,N-dimethylethanamines. Eur J Inorg Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201402547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Chen X, Chen T, Li Q, Zhou Y, Han LB, Yin SF. Copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative inert C-C and C-N bond cleavage: a new strategy for the synthesis of tertiary amides. Chemistry 2014; 20:12234-8. [PMID: 25099559 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A copper-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amidation reaction of inert C-C bonds with tertiary amines has been developed for the synthesis of tertiary amides, which are significant units in many natural products, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals. This method combines C-C bond activation, C-N bond cleavage, and C-H bond oxygenation in a one-pot protocol, using molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant without any additional ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410081 (P. R. China), Fax: (+86) 731-88821171
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21
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Räisänen MT, Al-Hunaiti A, Atosuo E, Kemell M, Leskelä M, Repo T. Mn(ii) acetate: an efficient and versatile oxidation catalyst for alcohols. Catal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cy00255e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A homogeneous catalytic system consisting of Mn(ii) acetate, tert-butylhydroperoxide, acetonitrile and trifluoroacetic acid oxidises various alcohols efficiently and selectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna T. Räisänen
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Afnan Al-Hunaiti
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisa Atosuo
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marianna Kemell
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Helsinki
- FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Li Y, Ma L, Jia F, Li Z. Amide Bond Formation through Iron-Catalyzed Oxidative Amidation of Tertiary Amines with Anhydrides. J Org Chem 2013; 78:5638-46. [DOI: 10.1021/jo400804p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Lina Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Fan Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
| | - Zhiping Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy
Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
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Abstract
Unconventional couple: A new oxidative coupling protocol for amide bond formation has been developed (see scheme). The method provides an efficient and practical route for the synthesis of tertiary amides from readily available tertiary amines and aldehydes in the presence of a simple FeCl(2) catalyst. Mechanistic studies indicated that a peroxide and an iminium ion act as the reactive intermediates in this oxidative amidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanming Li
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, PR China
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Machara A, Cox DP, Hudlicky T. Direct Synthesis of Naltrexone by Palladium-CatalyzedN-Demethylation/Acylation of Oxymorphone: The Benefit of CH Activation and the Intramolecular Acyl Transfer from C-14 Hydroxy. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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25
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Sánchez JD, Egris R, Perumal S, Villacampa M, Menéndez JC. Aryl Grignard Reagents in Chemodivergent N- and C-Arylations: Concise Access to Two Families of Tetracyclic Fused Carbazoles from 6-Nitroquinolines. European J Org Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201101848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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26
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Machara A, Werner L, Endoma-Arias MA, Cox DP, Hudlicky T. Improved Synthesis of Buprenorphine from Thebaine and/or Oripavine via Palladium-Catalyzed N-Demethylation/Acylation and/or Concomitant O-Demethylation. Adv Synth Catal 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201100807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Hudlicky T, Machara A, Phillip Cox D. Synthesis of Nalbuphine from Oripavine via N-Demethylation of N-Cyclobutylmethyl Oripavine. HETEROCYCLES 2012. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-s(p)32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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28
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Kim JH, Deschamps JR, Rothman RB, Dersch CM, Folk JE, Cheng K, Jacobson AE, Rice KC. Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. Part 42: synthesis and in vitro pharmacological characterization of the N-methyl and N-phenethyl analogues of the racemic ortho-c and para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Bioorg Med Chem 2011; 19:3434-43. [PMID: 21570305 PMCID: PMC3115714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2011.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2011] [Accepted: 04/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new synthesis of N-methyl and N-phenethyl substituted ortho-c and para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphans, using N-benzyl- rather than N-methyl-substituted intermediates, was used and the pharmacological properties of these compounds were determined. The N-phenethyl substituted ortho-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphan(rac-(3R,6aS,11aS)-2-phenethyl-2,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-1H-3,6a-methanobenzofuro[2,3-c]azocin-10-ol (12)) was found to have the highest μ-opioid receptor affinity (K(i)=1.1 nM) of all of the a- through f-oxide-bridged phenylmorphans. Functional data ([³⁵S]GTP-γ-S) showed that the racemate 12 was more than three times more potent than naloxone as an μ-opioid antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hee Kim
- Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Chemical Biology Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892-9415, USA.
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29
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Kok GB, Scammells PJ. Further investigations into the N-demethylation of oripavine using iron and stainless steel. Org Biomol Chem 2011; 9:1008-11. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ob01021a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Liu P, Liu Y, Wong ELM, Xiang S, Che CM. Iron oligopyridine complexes as efficient catalysts for practical oxidation of arenes, alkanes, tertiary amines and N-acyl cyclic amines with Oxone. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c1sc00234a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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31
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32
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Kok GB, Pye CC, Singer RD, Scammells PJ. Two-Step Iron(0)-Mediated N-Demethylation of N-Methyl Alkaloids. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4806-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jo1008492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaik B. Kok
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Cory C. Pye
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Robert D. Singer
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - Peter J. Scammells
- Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Action, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
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Chaudhary V, Leisch H, Moudra A, Allen B, De Luca V, Cox DP, Hudlický T. Biotransformations of morphine alkaloids by fungi: N-demethylations, oxidations, and reductions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1135/cccc2009025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Morphine alkaloids and some of its derivatives (morphine, codeine, thebaine, oripavine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone) were subjected to fermentations with six fungal strains. The alkaloids were transformed to a variety of products via biological oxidations, reductions, and oxidative demethylations. The strain Cunninghamella echinulata proved to be the most effective for demethylations of all of the above compounds, except for morphine. The time profile of the conversion of 3-[14CH3]thebaine to 3-[14CH3]northebaine by C. echinulata cultures was also determined.
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