1
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Byeon H, Kim J, Lee MH, Jang HY. Ir(tri-N-heterocyclic carbene)-catalyzed upgrading of glycerol: C-C bond formation for the synthesis of α-hydroxy acids. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:1613-1618. [PMID: 38305776 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob02035e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Ir(triNHC) complexes catalyzed glycerol and alcohol dehydrogenative coupling, yielding diverse α-hydroxy acids. Unlike conventional conditions, Ir(triNHC) facilitated additional C-C bond formation after lactic acid production from glycerol, exhibiting high TOFs. This protocol successfully converted 1,2-propanediol and sorbitol into α-hydroxy acids, highlighting biomass-derived sources' potential as valuable platform chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heemin Byeon
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Jaeho Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Mi-Hyun Lee
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
| | - Hye-Young Jang
- Department of Energy Systems Research, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea.
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2
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Scheuplein NJ, Bzdyl NM, Lohr T, Kibble EA, Hasenkopf A, Herbst C, Sarkar-Tyson M, Holzgrabe U. Analysis of Structure-Activity Relationships of Novel Inhibitors of the Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator (Mip) Proteins of Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Burkholderia pseudomallei. J Med Chem 2023; 66:8876-8895. [PMID: 37389560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The macrophage infectivity potentiator (Mip) protein is a promising target for developing new drugs to combat antimicrobial resistance. New rapamycin-derived Mip inhibitors have been designed that may be able to combine two binding modes to inhibit the Mip protein of Burkholderia pseudomallei (BpMip). These novel compounds are characterized by an additional substituent in the middle chain linking the lateral pyridine to the pipecoline moiety, constituting different stereoisomers. These compounds demonstrated high affinity for the BpMip protein in the nanomolar range and high anti-enzymatic activity and ultimately resulted in significantly reduced cytotoxicity of B. pseudomallei in macrophages. They also displayed strong anti-enzymatic activity against the Mip proteins of Neisseria meningitidis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae and substantially improved the ability of macrophages to kill the bacteria. Hence, the new Mip inhibitors are promising, non-cytotoxic candidates for further testing against a broad spectrum of pathogens and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas J Scheuplein
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nicole M Bzdyl
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia
| | - Theresa Lohr
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emily A Kibble
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia
- DMTC Limited, Level 1, 620 High Street, Kew, Victoria 3101, Australia
| | - Anja Hasenkopf
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carina Herbst
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mitali Sarkar-Tyson
- Marshall Centre for Infectious Diseases Research and Training, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 6009 Perth, Australia
| | - Ulrike Holzgrabe
- Institute of Pharmacy and Food Chemistry, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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3
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Kumar A, Ta S, Nettem C, Tanski JM, Rajaraman G, Ghosh P. One pot tandem dehydrogenative cross-coupling of primary and secondary alcohols by ruthenium amido-functionalized 1,2,4-triazole derived N-heterocyclic carbene complexes. RSC Adv 2022; 12:28961-28984. [PMID: 36320780 PMCID: PMC9557752 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra05531g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
One-pot tandem dehydrogenative cross-coupling of primary and secondary alcohols was catalyzed by three ruthenium complexes [1-(R)-4-N-(furan-2-ylmethyl)acetamido-1,2,4-triazol-5-ylidene]Ru(p-cymene)Cl [R = Et (1b), i-Pr (2b), Bn (3b)], of amido-functionalized 1,2,4-triazole derived N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were employed for the ruthenium (1b) precatalyst to understand this reaction mechanism completely, and the mechanisms adapted are divided categorically into three steps (i) nucleophilic substitution of chloride ions by alcohols, (ii) dehydrogenation of primary and secondary alcohols, and (iii) olefin and ketone hydrogenation. Our mechanistic study reveals that the formation of a deprotonated Ru-alcoholate (A) or (E) intermediate is favorable compared to the protonated form (A') or (E') from (1b) by associative nucleophilic substitution. Though an ionic pathway that proceeds through (A') or (E'), has less barriers in the dehydrogenation and olefin/ketone hydrogenation steps than that of the neutral pathway, proceeding through (A) or (E), a steep energy barrier was observed in the first nucleophilic substitution step, prohibiting the reaction to proceed via the intermediate (A') or (E'). Thus, our thorough mechanistic study reveals that the reaction proceeds via deprotonated Ru-alcoholate (A) or (E) species. Furthermore, the 1,4 addition of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound is kinetically and thermodynamically favorable over the 1,2 addition, and the experiments support these observations. As a testimony towards practical application in synthesizing bio-active flavonoid based natural products, five different flavan derivatives (16-20), were synthesized by the dehydrogenative coupling reaction using the neutral ruthenium (1-3)b complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India +91 22 2572 3480
| | - Sabyasachi Ta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India +91 22 2572 3480
| | - Chandrasekhar Nettem
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India +91 22 2572 3480
| | - Joseph M Tanski
- Department of Chemistry, Vassar College 124 Raymond Avenue Poughkeepsie NY 12604 USA
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India +91 22 2572 3480
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400 076 India +91 22 2572 3480
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4
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Ravindar L, Hasbullah SA, Hassan NI, Qin HL. Cross‐Coupling of C‐H and N‐H Bonds: a Hydrogen Evolution Strategy for the Construction of C‐N Bonds. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202200596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lekkala Ravindar
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains Maklumat Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Siti Aishah Hasbullah
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Nurul Izzaty Hassan
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi Chemical Sciences Faculty of Science & Technology 43600 Bandar Baru Bangi MALAYSIA
| | - Hua-Li Qin
- Wuhan University of Technology School of Chemistry 430070 Hubei CHINA
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5
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Construction of a (NNN)Ru-Incorporated Porous Organic Polymer with High Catalytic Activity for β-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020231. [PMID: 35054638 PMCID: PMC8780954 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid supports functionalized with molecular metal catalysts combine many of the advantages of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis. A (NNN)Ru-incorporated porous organic polymer (POP-bp/bbpRuCl3) exhibited high catalytic efficiency and broad functional group tolerance in the C–C cross-coupling of secondary and primary alcohols to give β-alkylated secondary alcohols. This catalyst demonstrated excellent durability during successive recycling without leaching of Ru which is ascribed to the strong binding of the pincer ligands to the metal ions.
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6
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Prakasham AP, Ta S, Dey S, Ghosh P. One pot tandem dual CC and CO bond reductions in the β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols by ruthenium complexes of amido and picolyl functionalized N-heterocyclic carbenes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15640-15654. [PMID: 34673856 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02849a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Two different classes of ruthenium complexes, namely, [1-mesityl-3-(2,6-Me2-phenylacetamido)-imidazol-2-ylidene]Ru(p-cymene)Cl (1c) and {[1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3-(2,6-Me2-phenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene]Ru(p-cymene)Cl}Cl (2c), successfully catalyzed the one-pot tandem alcohol-alcohol coupling reactions of a variety of secondary and primary alcohols, in moderate to good yields of ca. 63-89%. The mechanistic investigation performed on two representative catalytic substrates, 1-phenylethanol and benzyl alcohol using the neutral ruthenium (1c) complex showed that the catalysis proceeded via a partially reduced CC hydrogenated carbonyl species, [PhCOCH2CH2Ph] (3'), to the fully reduced CO and CC hydrogenated secondary alcohol, [PhCH(OH)CH2CH2Ph] (3). Furthermore, the time dependent study showed that the major product of the catalysis modulated between (3') and (3) during the catalysis run performed over an extended period of 120 hours. Finally, the practical utility of the alcohol-alcohol coupling reaction was demonstrated by preparing five different flavan derivatives (13-17) related to various bioactive flavonoid natural products, in a one-pot tandem fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Prakasham
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| | - Sabyasachi Ta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| | - Shreyata Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
| | - Prasenjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400 076, India.
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Himani Narjinari
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Akshai Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
- Center for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
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8
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Subaramanian M, Sivakumar G, Balaraman E. Recent advances in nickel-catalyzed C-C and C-N bond formation via HA and ADC reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4213-4227. [PMID: 33881121 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00080b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In recent times, earth-abundant 3d-transition-metal catalysts have attracted much attention in contemporary catalysis. They have been widely employed as suitable alternatives to their counterparts noble metals. In particular, nickel catalysts provide distinctive redox properties; thus, their efficiency in sustainable organic transformations is manifold. In this review article, recent advances in nickel-catalyzed hydrogen auto-transfer (HA) and acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling (ADC) reactions for the construction of C-C and C-N bonds have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Subaramanian
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati - 517507, India.
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9
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Pandey B, Xu S, Ding K. Switchable β-alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols by a Well-Defined Cobalt Catalyst. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bedraj Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Keying Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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10
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Adhikary SD, Mandal D. Polyoxometalate catalyzed imine synthesis: Investigation of mechanistic pathways. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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11
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Ng TW, Liao G, Lau KK, Pan H, Zhao Y. Room‐Temperature Guerbet Reaction with Unprecedented Catalytic Efficiency and Enantioselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202004758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei Ng
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Gang Liao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Kai Kiat Lau
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui‐Jie Pan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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12
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Ng TW, Liao G, Lau KK, Pan H, Zhao Y. Room‐Temperature Guerbet Reaction with Unprecedented Catalytic Efficiency and Enantioselectivity. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11384-11389. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202004758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei Ng
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Gang Liao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Kai Kiat Lau
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Hui‐Jie Pan
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Chemistry National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543 Republic of Singapore
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City Fuzhou 350207 China
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13
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Wang K, Zhang L, Tang W, Sun H, Xue D, Lei M, Xiao J, Wang C. Asymmetric Guerbet Reaction to Access Chiral Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
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14
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Wang K, Zhang L, Tang W, Sun H, Xue D, Lei M, Xiao J, Wang C. Asymmetric Guerbet Reaction to Access Chiral Alcohols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:11408-11415. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Weijun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Dong Xue
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering Institute of Computational Chemistry College of Chemistry Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jianliang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
- Department of Chemistry University of Liverpool Liverpool L69 7ZD UK
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China
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15
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Schlagbauer M, Kallmeier F, Irrgang T, Kempe R. Manganese-Catalyzed β-Methylation of Alcohols by Methanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:1485-1490. [PMID: 31743576 PMCID: PMC7003965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201912055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We report an earth-abundant-metal-catalyzed double and single methylation of alcohols. A manganese catalyst, which operates at low catalyst loadings and short reaction times, mediates these reactions efficiently. A broad scope of primary and secondary alcohols, including purely aliphatic examples, and 1,2-aminoalcohols can be methylated. Furthermore, alcohol methylation for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals has been demonstrated. The catalyst system tolerates many functional groups among them hydrogenation-sensitive examples and upscaling is easily achieved. Mechanistic investigations are indicative of a borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen autotransfer mechanism involving a bimetallic K-Mn catalyst. The catalyst accepts hydrogen as a proton and a hydride from alcohols efficiently and reacts with a chalcone via hydride transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlagbauer
- Inorganic Chemistry II—Catalyst DesignUniversity of Bayreuth95440BayreuthGermany
| | - Fabian Kallmeier
- Inorganic Chemistry II—Catalyst DesignUniversity of Bayreuth95440BayreuthGermany
| | - Torsten Irrgang
- Inorganic Chemistry II—Catalyst DesignUniversity of Bayreuth95440BayreuthGermany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Inorganic Chemistry II—Catalyst DesignUniversity of Bayreuth95440BayreuthGermany
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16
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Schlagbauer M, Kallmeier F, Irrgang T, Kempe R. Manganese‐Catalyzed β‐Methylation of Alcohols by Methanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201912055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schlagbauer
- Inorganic Chemistry II—Catalyst Design University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Fabian Kallmeier
- Inorganic Chemistry II—Catalyst Design University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Torsten Irrgang
- Inorganic Chemistry II—Catalyst Design University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Inorganic Chemistry II—Catalyst Design University of Bayreuth 95440 Bayreuth Germany
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17
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Pandey B, Xu S, Ding K. Selective Ketone Formations via Cobalt-Catalyzed β-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols. Org Lett 2019; 21:7420-7423. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bedraj Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Shi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
| | - Keying Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
- Molecular Biosciences Program, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, United States
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18
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El-Sepelgy O, Matador E, Brzozowska A, Rueping M. C-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols by Primary Alcohols through Manganese-Catalyzed Double Hydrogen Autotransfer. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:3099-3102. [PMID: 30239145 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201801660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A new Mn-catalyzed alkylation of secondary alcohols with non-activated alcohols is presented. The use of a stable and well-defined manganese pincer complex, stabilized by a PNN ligand, together with a catalytic amount of base enabled the conversion of renewable alcohol feedstocks to a broad range of higher-value alcohols in good yields with water as the sole byproduct. The strategy eliminates the need for exogenous and detrimental alkyl halides as well as the use of noble metal catalysts, making the C-alkylation through double hydrogen autotransfer a highly sustainable and environmentally benign process. Mechanistic investigations support a hydrogen autotransfer mechanism in which a non-innocent ligand plays a crucial role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama El-Sepelgy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esteban Matador
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aleksandra Brzozowska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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19
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Verheyen T, van Turnhout L, Vandavasi JK, Isbrandt ES, De Borggraeve WM, Newman SG. Ketone Synthesis by a Nickel-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling of Primary Alcohols. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:6869-6874. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b03280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Verheyen
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1N 6N5
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lars van Turnhout
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Jaya Kishore Vandavasi
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Eric S. Isbrandt
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1N 6N5
| | - Wim M. De Borggraeve
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephen G. Newman
- Centre for Catalysis Research and Innovation, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario Canada, K1N 6N5
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20
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Zhang MJ, Li HX, Young DJ, Li HY, Lang JP. Reaction condition controlled nickel(ii)-catalyzed C-C cross-coupling of alcohols. Org Biomol Chem 2019; 17:3567-3574. [PMID: 30899931 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00418a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The challenge in the C-C cross-coupling of secondary and primary alcohols using acceptorless dehydrogenation coupling (ADC) is the difficulty in accurately controlling product selectivities. Herein, we report a controlled approach to a diverse range of β-alkylated secondary alcohols, α-alkylated ketones and α,β-unsaturated ketones using the ADC methodology employing a Ni(ii) 4,6-dimethylpyrimidine-2-thiolate cluster catalyst under different reaction conditions. This catalyst could tolerate a wide range of substrates and exhibited a high activity for the annulation reaction of secondary alcohols with 2-aminobenzyl alcohols to yield quinolines. This work is an example of precise chemoselectivity control by careful choice of reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Juan Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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21
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Sklyaruk J, Borghs JC, El-Sepelgy O, Rueping M. Catalytic C1
Alkylation with Methanol and Isotope-Labeled Methanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201810885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sklyaruk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jannik C. Borghs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Osama El-Sepelgy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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22
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Sklyaruk J, Borghs JC, El-Sepelgy O, Rueping M. Catalytic C1
Alkylation with Methanol and Isotope-Labeled Methanol. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 58:775-779. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201810885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Sklyaruk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Jannik C. Borghs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Osama El-Sepelgy
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Magnus Rueping
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC); King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST); Thuwal 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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23
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Cai Y, Li F, Li YQ, Zhang WB, Liu FH, Shi SL. Base metal-catalyzed alcohol C–C couplings under hydrogen transfer conditions. Tetrahedron Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.01.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Shee S, Paul B, Panja D, Roy BC, Chakrabarti K, Ganguli K, Das A, Das GK, Kundu S. Tandem Cross Coupling Reaction of Alcohols for Sustainable Synthesis of β-Alkylated Secondary Alcohols and Flavan Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201700722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sujan Shee
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Bhaskar Paul
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Dibyajyoti Panja
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Bivas Chandra Roy
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Kaushik Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Kasturi Ganguli
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Ayan Das
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
| | - Gourab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry; Visva Bharati University; Santiniketan, West Bengal 731235 India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry; Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur; Kanpur 208016 India
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25
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Freitag F, Irrgang T, Kempe R. Cobalt-Catalyzed Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols via Borrowing Hydrogen/Hydrogen Autotransfer. Chemistry 2017; 23:12110-12113. [PMID: 28452422 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Alcohols are promising sustainable starting materials because they can be obtained from abundant and indigestible biomass. The substitution of expensive noble metals in catalysis by earth abundant 3d metals, such as Mn, Fe, or Co, (nonprecious or base metals) is a related key concept with respect to sustainability. Here, we report on the first cobalt-catalyzed alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols. Easy-to-synthesize and easy-to-activate PN5 P-pincer-ligand-stabilized Co complexes developed in our laboratory mediate the reaction most efficiently. The catalysis is applicable to a broad substrate scope and proceeds under relatively mild conditions. We have even demonstrated the coupling of a variety of purely aliphatic alcohols with a base or nonprecious metal catalyst. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction follows the borrowing hydrogen or hydrogen autotransfer concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Freitag
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Universität Bayreuth, 95540, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Torsten Irrgang
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Universität Bayreuth, 95540, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Rhett Kempe
- Anorganische Chemie II-Katalysatordesign, Universität Bayreuth, 95540, Bayreuth, Germany
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26
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Li X, Li S, Li Q, Dong X, Li Y, Yu X, Xu Q. Efficient and practical catalyst-free-like dehydrative N-alkylation of amines and sulfinamides with alcohols initiated by aerobic oxidation of alcohols under air. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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27
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Chakrabarti K, Paul B, Maji M, Roy BC, Shee S, Kundu S. Bifunctional Ru(ii) complex catalysed carbon–carbon bond formation: an eco-friendly hydrogen borrowing strategy. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:10988-10997. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02010k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional Ru(ii) complex (0.1 mol%) catalysed one-pot β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols and double alkylation of cyclopentanol were carried out successfully following the atom economical borrowing hydrogen methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushik Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Bhaskar Paul
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Milan Maji
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Bivas Chandra Roy
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sujan Shee
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
| | - Sabuj Kundu
- Department of Chemistry
- Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
- Kanpur 208016
- India
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28
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Whittaker AM, Dong VM. Nickel-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling: direct transformation of aldehydes into esters and amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:1312-5. [PMID: 25424967 PMCID: PMC4551080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201410322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
By exploring a new mode of nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling, a method to directly transform both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes into either esters or amides has been developed. The success of this oxidative coupling depends on the appropriate choice of catalyst and organic oxidant, including the use of either α,α,α-trifluoroacetophenone or excess aldehyde. Mechanistic data that supports a catalytic cycle involving oxidative addition into the aldehyde C-H bond is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Whittaker
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2025 (USA)
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29
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Jin C, Gu L, Yuan M. Nickel N-heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of aryl aldehydes with organozinc reagents to produce aryl ketones. Catal Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cy00876j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transformation of aromatic aldehydes into aryl ketones by nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling has been developed. This transformation represents an efficient and attractive synthetic utilization of organozinc reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Jin
- New United Group Company Limited
- Changzhou
- China
| | - Lijun Gu
- Key Laboratory of Chemistry in Ethnic Medicinal Resources
- State Ethnic Affairs Commission & Ministry of Education
- Kunming
- China
- Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan
| | - Minglong Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of Biopolymer Functional Materials of Yunnan
- Yunnan Minzu University
- Kunming
- China
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30
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Whittaker AM, Dong VM. Nickel-Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross-Coupling: Direct Transformation of Aldehydes into Esters and Amides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201410322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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Chaudhari C, Siddiki SMAH, Shimizu KI. Self-Coupling of Secondary Alcohols and α-Alkylation of Methyl Ketones with Secondary Alcohols by Pt/CeO2 Catalyst. Top Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11244-014-0268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Xue YP, Tian FF, Ruan LT, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG, Shen YC. Concurrent obtaining of aromatic (R)-2-hydroxyacids and aromatic 2-ketoacids by asymmetric oxidation with a newly isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZJB1125. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:271-8. [PMID: 23831556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa ZJB1125 harboring a stereoselective 2-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (2-HADH) can catalyze asymmetric oxidation of mandelic acid and 2-chloromandelic acid into (R)-isomers and corresponding 2-ketoacids with high activity and enantioselectivity, while no consecutive oxidation of 2-ketoacids was observed during whole-cell catalysis. The 2-HADH in P. aeruginosa ZJB1125 is a FMN-dependent flavoprotein and did not require NAD(P)⁺ as cofactors to catalyze the oxidation reaction. Enzyme activity staining identified 2-HADH as the key enzyme that enantioselectively oxidized (S)-hydroxyacid to 2-ketoacid. The 2-HADH in P. aeruginosa ZJB1125 is inducible and 2-chloromandelic acid was found to induce its synthesis efficiently. The bacterium displayed pretty high activity and enantioselectivity for most of the aromatic 2-hydroxyacids examined, and have a potential for the concurrent obtaining of aromatic (R)-2-hydroxyacids and aromatic 2-ketoacids in near theoretical conversions. Using a simple organic extract process, aromatic (R)-2-hydroxyacids and aromatic 2-ketoacids can be effectively separated from the biocatalytic reaction mixture with high yield (>95%). This work provided a novel method for the concurrent obtaining of aromatic (R)-2-hydroxyacids and aromatic 2-ketoacids by oxidation of aromatic 2-hydroxyacids in one-step biotransformation, which would be a valuable process due to its high atom economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xue
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
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33
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Liu X, Ding RS, He L, Liu YM, Cao Y, He HY, Fan KN. C-C cross-coupling of primary and secondary benzylic alcohols using supported gold-based bimetallic catalysts. CHEMSUSCHEM 2013; 6:604-608. [PMID: 23532948 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201200804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Clean alcohol-alcohol cross-coupling: A clean and efficient one-pot direct C-C cross-coupling of equimolar amounts of primary and secondary alcohols by a facile hydrogen autotransfer pathway is achieved over a robust and easily recovered hydrotalcite-supported Au-Pd bimetallic catalyst system. A variety of primary and secondary alcohols have been selectively converted into the corresponding β-alkylated ketones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Handan Road 220, Shanghai 200433, PR China
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Xu Q, Chen J, Liu Q. Aldehyde-Catalyzed Transition Metal-Free Dehydrative β-Alkylation of Methyl Carbinols with Alcohols. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201200996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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35
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Zhao Z, Xue W, Gao Y, Tang G, Zhao Y. Copper-Catalyzed Synthesis of α-Hydroxy Phosphonates fromH-Phosphonates and Alcohols or Ethers. Chem Asian J 2013; 8:713-6. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Liao S, Yu K, Li Q, Tian H, Zhang Z, Yu X, Xu Q. Copper-catalyzed C-alkylation of secondary alcohols and methyl ketones with alcohols employing the aerobic relay race methodology. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2973-8. [PMID: 22261789 DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06739g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By employing aerobic oxidation to aldehydes as a more effective alcohol activation strategy, ligand-free copper catalysts were found to be superior catalysts than other metals in aerobic dehydrative β-alkylation of secondary alcohols and α-alkylation of methyl ketones using alcohols as the green alkylating reagents. Based on our mechanistic studies and also supported by the literature, we deduce that the newly-proposed relay race process rather than the conventional borrowing hydrogen-type mechanisms should be the most possible and a more rational mechanism for the aerobic C-alkylation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiheng Liao
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
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37
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Li Q, Fan S, Sun Q, Tian H, Yu X, Xu Q. Copper-catalyzed N-alkylation of amides and amines with alcohols employing the aerobic relay race methodology. Org Biomol Chem 2012; 10:2966-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ob06743e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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