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Lin D, Liu Y, Yang H, Zhang X, Sun H, Jian Y, Zhang W, Yang J, Gao Z. A General Synthesis of Cross-Conjugated Enynones through Pd Catalyzed Sonogashira Coupling with Triazine Esters. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114364. [PMID: 37298843 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of α, β-unsaturated acid derivatives offers a diversity-oriented synthetic strategy for cross-conjugated enynones. However, the susceptibility of the unsaturated C-C bonds adjacent to the carbonyl group toward Pd catalysts makes the direct conversion of α, β-unsaturated derivatives as acyl electrophiles to cross-conjugated ketones rare. This work presents a highly selective C-O activation approach to prepare cross-conjugated enynones using α, β-unsaturated triazine esters as acyl electrophiles. Under base and phosphine ligand-free conditions, NHC-Pd(II)-Allyl precatalyst alone catalyzed the cross-coupling of α, β-unsaturated triazine esters with terminal alkynes efficiently, yielding 31 cross-conjugated enynones with diverse functional groups. This method demonstrates the potential of triazine-mediated C-O activation for preparing highly functionalized ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yunfang Liu
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Hongyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Huaming Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yajun Jian
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Weiqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Jianming Yang
- Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an 710065, China
| | - Ziwei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry (MOE), Xi'an Key Laboratory of Organometallic Material Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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Frontier AJ, Sinclair PP. Merging Strategy, Improvisation, and Conversation to Solve Problems in Target Synthesis. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1817-1829. [PMID: 33705115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Total synthesis has long been depicted as the quest to conquer the structures created by nature, requiring an unflinching, single-minded devotion to the task. The goal is achieved by chemists with grit, strength of will, and a competitive spirit. While there is some truth to this viewpoint, it does not fully capture the rich experiences gained in this research realm. In our lab, strategic planning, improvisation, and conversation have worked in concert to enable progress. This Account summarizes our efforts to synthesize four different bioactive targets: merrilactone A, rocaglamide, phomactin A, and tetrapetalone A. Certain missteps were integral to success in these synthetic projects. As such, we include the hiccups, and their roles in the evolution of the strategies, along with the results that aligned with our expectations.Two of these projects (merrilactone A and rocaglamide) culminated in the total synthesis of the targets. The challenges presented by merrilactone A spawned a new design strategy for pentannulation using Nazarov cyclization chemistry. This work demonstrated that Lewis acid catalysis is often a viable electrocyclization strategy in activated, polarized pentadienyl cation intermediates. We sought to apply the same logic to the rocaglamide target, but precursors we prepared did not behave according to plan. This situation pushed us to adapt our approach to match the innate reactivity of the substrate, resulting in an on-the-spot improvisation that was not only integral to the success of the project but also expanded our understanding of pentadienyl cation chemistry. In the other two projects (phomactin A and tetrapetalone A), we did not complete a total synthesis but did build the polycyclic core of the target. Even though the hetero [4 + 2] cycloaddition plan for assembling the macrocyclic oxadecalin ring system of phomactin A failed, the original experimental design still enabled us to solve the problem. Through a wholly unanticipated series of events, our focus on the oxadecalin ring system primed us for the discovery of a sequential iodoaldol/oxa-Michael sequence, using the original [4 + 2] building blocks. Then, the bridging ring present in phomactin A demanded we implement this sequence in a transannular fashion. Finally, our successful synthesis of the tetrapetalone core was enabled by consultations with others in the community. Each bond formation seemed to require different expertise, and in three separate instances (C-N cross-coupling, diastereoselective ring-closing metathesis, and oxidative dearomatization) synthetic challenges were overcome through conversation and collaboration.In our experience, the amount of creative power we summon during a target synthesis project correlates directly with the magnitude of the structural challenges we face. When reactivity surprises us, we analyze the problem anew, consult with colleagues, and improvise with the tools at hand. The inevitable misbehavior of a complex system is a strong motivating force, and one that has helped to shape our research program for nearly two decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J. Frontier
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester New York 14611, United States
| | - Paul P. Sinclair
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, 120 Trustee Road, Rochester New York 14611, United States
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3
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Campeau D, León Rayo DF, Mansour A, Muratov K, Gagosz F. Gold-Catalyzed Reactions of Specially Activated Alkynes, Allenes, and Alkenes. Chem Rev 2020; 121:8756-8867. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Campeau
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Canada
| | - David F. León Rayo
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ali Mansour
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Canada
| | - Karim Muratov
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Canada
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, K1N 6N5 Ottawa, Canada
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Rocchigiani L, Bochmann M. Recent Advances in Gold(III) Chemistry: Structure, Bonding, Reactivity, and Role in Homogeneous Catalysis. Chem Rev 2020; 121:8364-8451. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Rocchigiani
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Manfred Bochmann
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR47TJ, United Kingdom
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Pankova AS. Electrophile-Induced Reactions of Cross-Conjugated Enynones in the Synthesis of Heterocycles. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-020-02739-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Wang ZY, Wang KK, Chen R, Liu H, Chen K. Ynones in Reflex-Michael Addition, CuAAC, and Cycloaddition, as Well as their Use as Nucleophilic Enols, Electrophilic Ketones, and Allenic Precursors. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201901921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Yong Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinxiang University; 453000 Xinxiang Henan P. R. of China
| | - Kai-Kai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinxiang University; 453000 Xinxiang Henan P. R. of China
| | - Rongxiang Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinxiang University; 453000 Xinxiang Henan P. R. of China
| | - Huan Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Xinxiang University; 453000 Xinxiang Henan P. R. of China
| | - Kaijun Chen
- Department of Chemistry; Lishui University; No. 1, Xueyuan Road 323000 Lishui City Zhejiang Province P. R. China
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Li
- Department of ChemistryLishui University No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Dayun Huang
- Department of ChemistryLishui University No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Chengjin Shi
- Department of ChemistryLishui University No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
| | - Guobing Yan
- Department of ChemistryLishui University No. 1, Xueyuan Road Lishui City 323000 Zhejiang Province People's Republic of China
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Golovanov AA, Odin IS, Zlotskii SS. Conjugated enynones: preparation, properties and applications in organic synthesis. RUSSIAN CHEMICAL REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1070/rcr4808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Liang R, Zhang J, Chen L, Zhu S. Efficient Assembly of Tetracyclic Framework of Fluorenols through Silver-Catalyzed Tandem Reaction of Acceptor-Enynals and Alkynes via Unfavorable 6-endo
-dig
Cyclization. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.201700613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renxiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 China
- College of Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Technology; 18 Chaowang Road Hangzhou 310014 China
| | - Jiantao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Lianfen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Shifa Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; South China University of Technology; 381 Wushan Road Guangzhou 510640 China
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Li Z, Zheng J, Hu W, Li J, Wu W, Jiang H. Synthesis of 1,4-enyne-3-ones via palladium-catalyzed sequential decarboxylation and carbonylation of allyl alkynoates. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed sequential decarboxylation and carbonylation of allyl alkynoates for constructing functionalized 1,4-enyne-3-ones has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zun Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R China
| | - Weigao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R China
| | - Jianxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
- P. R China
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Silva AS, Bonifácio VDB, Raje VP, Branco PS, Machado PFB, Correia IJ, Aguiar-Ricardo A. Design of oligoaziridine-PEG coatings for efficient nanogold cellular biotagging. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra15743e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocompatible oligoaziridine-PEG coated gold nanoparticles overcome self-quenching while targeting the cell nucleus. The course of gold biotags within the cell's environment was tracked through confocal laser microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Sofia Silva
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Vasco D. B. Bonifácio
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Vivek P. Raje
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Paula S. Branco
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
| | - Paulo F. B. Machado
- CICS-UBI
- Health Sciences Research Center
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde
- Universidade da Beira Interior
- 6200-506 Covilhã
| | - Ilídio J. Correia
- CICS-UBI
- Health Sciences Research Center
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde
- Universidade da Beira Interior
- 6200-506 Covilhã
| | - Ana Aguiar-Ricardo
- REQUIMTE
- Departamento de Química
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
- Universidade Nova de Lisboa
- 2829-516 Caparica
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Ciesielski J, Gandon V, Frontier AJ. Cascade cyclizations of acyclic and macrocyclic alkynones: studies toward the synthesis of phomactin A. J Org Chem 2013; 78:9541-52. [PMID: 23724905 DOI: 10.1021/jo4007514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A study of the reactivity and diastereoselectivity of the Lewis acid promoted cascade cyclizations of both acyclic and macrocyclic alkynones is described. In these reactions, a β-iodoallenolate intermediate is generated via conjugate addition of iodide to an alkynone followed by an intramolecular aldol reaction with a tethered aldehyde to afford a cyclohexenyl alcohol. The Lewis acid magnesium iodide (MgI2) was found to promote irreversible ring closure, while cyclizations using BF3·OEt2 as promoter occurred reversibly. For both acyclic and macrocyclic alkynones, high diastereoselectivity was observed in the intramolecular aldol reaction. The MgI2 protocol for cyclization was applied to the synthesis of advanced intermediates relevant to the synthesis of phomactin natural products, during which a novel transannular cation-olefin cyclization was observed. DFT calculations were conducted to analyze the mechanism of this unusual MgI2-promoted process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ciesielski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester , Rochester, New York 14627, United States
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