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Qiu Q, Sun Z, Joubran D, Li X, Wan J, Schmidt-Rohr K, Han GGD. Optically Controlled Recovery and Recycling of Homogeneous Organocatalysts Enabled by Photoswitches. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202300723. [PMID: 36688731 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202300723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We address a critical challenge of recovering and recycling homogeneous organocatalysts by designing photoswitchable catalyst structures that display a reversible solubility change in response to light. Initially insoluble catalysts are UV-switched to a soluble isomeric state, which catalyzes the reaction, then back-isomerizes to the insoluble state upon completion of the reaction to be filtered and recycled. The molecular design principles that allow for the drastic solubility change over 10 times between the isomeric states, 87 % recovery by the light-induced precipitation, and multiple rounds of catalyst recycling are revealed. This proof of concept will open up opportunities to develop highly recyclable homogeneous catalysts that are important for the synthesis of critical compounds in various industries, which is anticipated to significantly reduce environmental impact and costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Zhenhuan Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Danielle Joubran
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Joshua Wan
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Klaus Schmidt-Rohr
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
| | - Grace G D Han
- Department of Chemistry, Brandeis University, 415 South Street, Waltham, MA 02453, USA
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2
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Srivastava V. Acceleration of Baylis-Hillman Reaction using Ionic Liquid Supported Organocatalyst. CURRENT ORGANOCATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2213337208666210719100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Baylis-Hillman reaction requires cheap starting materials, easy reaction
protocol, and possibility to create the chiral center in the reaction product has increased the synthetic
efficacy of this reaction which also suffers from high catalyst loading, low reaction rate, and
poor yield.
Objective:
The extensive use of various functional or non-functional ionic liquids (ILs) with
organocatalyst acts not only as reaction medium but also as a support to anchor the catalysts to increase
the reaction rate of various organic transformations.
Methods:
In this manuscript, we have demonstrated the synthesis of quinuclidine-supported
trimethylamine-based functionalized ionic liquid as a catalyst for the Baylis-Hillman reaction.
Results:
We obtained the Baylis-Hillman adducts in good, isolated yield along with low catalyst
loading, short reaction time, wide substrate scope, easy product, and catalyst recycling. N-
((E,3S,4R)-5-benzylidene-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl) palmitamide was also successfully
synthesized using CATALYST-3 promoted Baylis-Hillman reaction.
Conclusion:
We successfully isolated the 25 types of Baylis-Hillman adducts using three different
quinuclidine-supported ammonium-based ionic liquids such as Et3AmQ][BF4] (CATALYST-1),
[Et3AmQ][PF6] (CATALYST-2), and [TMAAmEQ][NTf2](CATALYST-3) as new and efficient
catalysts. Generally, all the reactions demonstrated higher activity and gave good to high yield in
competition with various previously reported homogenous and heterogeneous catalytic systems.
Easy catalyst and product recovery followed by 6 times of catalysts recycling were the added advantages
of the prosed catalytic system. Tedious and highly active N-((E,3S,4R)-5-benzylidene-tetrahydro-
4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-3-yl) palmitamide derivative was also synthesized using CATALYST-
3 followed by Baylis-Hillman reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Srivastava
- Mathematics and Basic Sciences- Chemistry, NIIT University, NH-8 Jaipur/Delhi Highway, Neemrana (Rajasthan), India
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Ashush N, Fallek R, Fallek A, Dobrovetsky R, Portnoy M. Base- and Catalyst-Induced Orthogonal Site Selectivities in Acylation of Amphiphilic Diols. Org Lett 2020; 22:3749-3754. [PMID: 32330055 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Seeking to selectively functionalize natural and synthetic amphiphiles, we explored acylation of model amphiphilic diols. The use of a nucleophilic catalyst enabled a remarkable shift of the site selectivity from the polar site, preferred in background noncatalyzed or base-promoted reactions, to the apolar site. This tendency was significantly enhanced for organocatalysts comprising an imidazole active site surrounded by long/branched tails. An explanation of these orthogonal modes of selectivity is supported by competitive experiments with monoalcohol substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natali Ashush
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Reut Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amit Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Moshe Portnoy
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Fallek A, Weiss-Shtofman M, Kramer M, Dobrovetsky R, Portnoy M. Phosphorylation Organocatalysts Highly Active by Design. Org Lett 2020; 22:3722-3727. [PMID: 32319783 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The activity of nucleophilic organocatalysts for alcohol/phenol phosphorylation was enhanced through attaching oligoether appendages to a benzyl substituent on imidazole- or aminopyridine-based active units, presumably because of stabilizing n-cation interactions of the ethereal oxygens with the positively charged aza-heterocycle in the catalytic intermediates, and was substantially higher than that of known benchmark catalysts for a range of substrates. Density functional theory calculations and the study of analogues having a lower potential for such stabilizing interactions support our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Fallek
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Mor Weiss-Shtofman
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Maria Kramer
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Roman Dobrovetsky
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Moshe Portnoy
- School of Chemistry, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Fallek A, Portnoy M. The Use of Lewis Acids for Repairing Chemoselectivity of the Organocatalyzed Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201900157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Fallek
- School of ChemistryRaymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv 699678 Israel
| | - Moshe Portnoy
- School of ChemistryRaymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact SciencesTel Aviv University Tel Aviv 699678 Israel
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Zhu H, Meng X, Zhang Y, Chen G, Cao Z, Sun X, You J. Chemoselective α-Methylenation of Aromatic Ketones Using the NaAuCl 4/Selectfluor/DMSO System. J Org Chem 2017; 82:12059-12065. [PMID: 29076735 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.7b01790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Gold-catalyzed chemoselective α-methylenation of aromatic ketones was developed through the use of Selectfluor as a methylenating agent. A variety of useful 1,2-disubstituted propenone derivatives can be prepared in good yields via the present protocol. This reaction features a simple operation, good functional group tolerance, and broad scope of substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Xin Meng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Yanhui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Guang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Ziping Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
| | - Jinmao You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Life-Organic Analysis, Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Intermediates and Analysis of Natural Medicine , Qufu, Shandong 273165, China
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