1
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Guo Q, Xie C, Zi G, Lai X, Deerberg J, Hou G. Ir-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of N-Fused Heteroarenes with High Nitrogen Density: An Access to Chiral 2,5-Disubstituted 5,6-Dihydropyrrolo[1,2- a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1- c]pyrazines. Org Lett 2024; 26:7363-7369. [PMID: 39178146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.4c02563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2024]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,5-disubstituted pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazines containing four nitrogen atoms has been first realized. Under additive-free conditions, a variety of chiral 2,5-disubstituted 5,6-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-a][1,2,4]triazolo[5,1-c]pyrazines can be afforded in high yields (86-98%) with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 99% ee. This method provides a straightforward strategy for the efficient synthesis of chiral multinitrogen polyheterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chaochao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xinzhong Lai
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, BeiGene, Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Joerg Deerberg
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, BeiGene, Ltd., Beijing 102206, China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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2
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Chen MW, Li HW, Wang YQ, Wu B, Liu Z, Lai X, Deerberg J, Zhou YG. Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heteroaromatics with Multiple N Atoms via Substrate Activation: An Entry to 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine-3-carbonitrile Core of a Potent BTK Inhibitor. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4336-4348. [PMID: 38465834 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The chiral 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine is the key core skeleton of potent Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor Zanubrutinib, and the catalyst-controlled asymmetric hydrogenation of planar multinuclear pyrimidine heteroarenes with multiple N atoms could provide an efficient route toward its synthesis. Owing to the strong aromaticity and poisoning effect toward chiral transition metal catalyst, asymmetric hydrogenation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with multiple nitrogen atoms is still a challenge for synthesizing the chiral 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]-pyrimidine. Herein, an efficient iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines has been developed using substrate activation strategy, with up to 99% ee. The decagram scale synthesis further demonstrated the potential and promise of this procedure in the synthesis of Zanubrutinib. In addition, a mechanistic study indicated that the hydrogenation starts with 1,2-hydrogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Wang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Hong-Wang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Zheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
| | - Xinzhong Lai
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, BeiGene, Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Rd, Zhong-Guan-Cun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Joerg Deerberg
- Chemical Process Research and Development, Department of Chemistry, BeiGene, Ltd., No. 30 Science Park Rd, Zhong-Guan-Cun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing 102206, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, P. R. China
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3
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Yuan H, Yao W, Zhang X, Wei Z, Xi J, Hao Y, Liu X, Jiang R, Nie H. Highly Enantioselective Ir-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine for the Synthesis of Zanubrutinib. J Org Chem 2024; 89:1748-1752. [PMID: 38262733 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
A highly enantioselective catalytic reduction of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine to zanubrutinib has been realized by the Ir/(R)-t-Bu-FcPhox complex. This chiral product could be obtained in up to >99% ee in the asymmetric transformation without any other additives, providing a new route for the asymmetric synthesis of zanubrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohuan Yuan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Zhao Wei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiayue Xi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | | | - Xian Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Ru Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huifang Nie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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4
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Xie C, Xiao G, Guo Q, Wu X, Zi G, Ding W, Hou G. Highly enantioselective Rh-catalyzed asymmetric reductive dearomatization of multi-nitrogen polycyclic pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidines. Chem Sci 2023; 14:9048-9054. [PMID: 37655036 PMCID: PMC10466315 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc02086j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A highly enantioselective rhodium-catalyzed reductive dearomatization of 7-substituted pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines has been realized for the first time by two strategies to afford chiral 4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with excellent enantioselectivities of up to 98% ee. This method also provides an efficient approach for the synthesis of the powerful BTK inhibitor, zanubrutinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochao Xie
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekouwai St. Beijing 100875 China
| | - Guiying Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekouwai St. Beijing 100875 China
| | - Qianling Guo
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekouwai St. Beijing 100875 China
| | - Xiaoxue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekouwai St. Beijing 100875 China
| | - Guofu Zi
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekouwai St. Beijing 100875 China
| | - Wanjian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekouwai St. Beijing 100875 China
| | - Guohua Hou
- Key Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University No. 19 Xinjiekouwai St. Beijing 100875 China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China
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5
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Cabré A, Verdaguer X, Riera A. Recent Advances in the Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral Amines via Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:269-339. [PMID: 34677059 PMCID: PMC9998038 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chiral amines are key structural motifs present in a wide variety of natural products, drugs, and other biologically active compounds. During the past decade, significant advances have been made with respect to the enantioselective synthesis of chiral amines, many of them based on catalytic asymmetric hydrogenation (AH). The present review covers the use of AH in the synthesis of chiral amines bearing a stereogenic center either in the α, β, or γ position with respect to the nitrogen atom, reported from 2010 to 2020. Therefore, we provide an overview of the recent advances in the AH of imines, enamides, enamines, allyl amines, and N-heteroaromatic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Cabré
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Xavier Verdaguer
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Antoni Riera
- Institute
for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
- Departament
de Química Inorgànica i Orgànica, Secció de Química Orgànica, Universitat
de Barcelona, Martí
i Franquès 1, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
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6
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Escalante CH, Carmona-Hernández FA, Hernández-López A, Martínez-Mora EI, Delgado F, Tamariz J. Cascade synthesis of indolizines and pyrrolo[1,2- a]pyrazines from 2-formyl-1-propargylpyrroles. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:396-409. [PMID: 34904608 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01839f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A straightforward synthesis of indolizines and pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines was performed through a cascade condensation/cyclization/aromatization reaction of substituted 2-formyl-N-propargylpyrroles with active methylene compounds such as nitromethane, alkyl malonates, methyl cyanoacetate and malononitrile. Under basic conditions, the reaction proceeded satisfactorily to provide the corresponding 6,7-disubstituted indolizines. The condensation of the pyrrolic analogues with ammonium acetate gave rise to pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines in high yields. N-Allenyl-2-formylpyrroles behaved as more reactive substrates than 2-formyl-N-propargylpyrroles, furnishing the expected indolizines in higher yields. Hence, an allenyl-containing intermediate was probably generated as the reactive species in the reaction mechanism of some N-propargyl pyrroles prior to the cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H Escalante
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Fernando A Carmona-Hernández
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Alberto Hernández-López
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Eder I Martínez-Mora
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico. .,Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Blvd. Venustiano Carranza e Ing. J. Cárdenas S/N, 25280 Saltillo, Coah., Mexico
| | - Francisco Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala S/N, 11340 Mexico City, Mexico.
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7
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Pyrrolopyrazine derivatives: synthetic approaches and biological activities. Med Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Zhang G, Yu Y, He C, Wang Z, Chen Y. Palladium(II)-Catalyzed C(sp)–C(sp2) Coupling: A Direct Approach to Multi-Substituted Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines. SYNTHESIS-STUTTGART 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A direct synthesis of multi-substituted pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazines via palladium(II)-catalyzed C(sp)–C(sp2) cascade coupling and intramolecular cyclization in the presence of ligand was developed. This reaction originates from phenylboronic acids and readily synthesized 2-carbonyl- or 2-formylpyrroloacetonitriles, and affords products in good to excellent yields for a diversity of substrates. Additionally, a possible mechanism for the transformation is proposed.
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9
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Ashram M, Al-Mustafa A, Al-Zereini WA, Awwadi FF, Ashram I. A convenient one-pot approach to the synthesis of novel pyrazino[1,2- a]indoles fused to heterocyclic systems and evaluation of their biological activity as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR NATURFORSCHUNG SECTION B-A JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-2020-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles fused with various heterocycles, such as oxazolidine, oxazinane, imidazolidine, hexahydropyrimidine and benzimidazole, were synthesized transition metal-free by domino reactions which involved the condensation of 1-(2-bromoethyl)-3-chloro-1H-indole-2-carbaldehydes 28–31 with various nucleophilic amines, resulting in the formation of two new interesting fused heterocycles. The anticholinesterase, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the compounds were evaluated. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities were tested by Ellman’s assay, antioxidant activities were detected using the 2,2-azinobis[3-ethylbenzthiazoline]-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS•+) free-radical scavenging method and antibacterial activities were determined by agar diffusion tests. The oxazolo-pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles (8, 10), the oxazino-pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles (16, 18, 19), the pyrimido-pyrazino[1,2-a]indole (22), and the benzoimidazo-pyrazino[1,2-a]indole (27) possessed the highest inhibitory activity against AChE with IC50 values in the range 20–40 μg mL−1. The oxazolo-pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles (8, 9), the imidazo-pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles (12, 13), and the benzoimidazo-pyrazino[1,2-a]indole (24) revealed the highest antioxidant values with IC50 values less than 300 μg mL−1. However, the oxazolo-pyrazino[1,2-a]indole (11) and imidazo-pyrazino[1,2-a]indoles (12, 13) exhibited weak to moderate bioactivities against all tested Gram-positive bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashram
- Chemistry Department , Mutah University , Mutah , Al-Karak , Jordan
| | - Ahmed Al-Mustafa
- Department of Biological Sciences , Mutah University , Mutah , Al-Karak , Jordan
| | - Wael A. Al-Zereini
- Department of Biological Sciences , Mutah University , Mutah , Al-Karak , Jordan
| | - Firas F. Awwadi
- Chemistry Department , The University of Jordan , Amman 11942 , Jordan
| | - Islam Ashram
- Pharmacy College, Aqaba University of Technology , Aqaba , Jordan
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10
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11
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Ivanov AV, Martynovskaya SV, Shcherbakova VS, Ushakov IA, Borodina TN, Bobkov AS, Vitkovskaya NM. Ambient access to a new family of pyrrole-fused pyrazine nitrones via 2-carbonyl- N-allenylpyrroles. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00762e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The chemo-, regio- and stereoselective synthesis of pyrrole-fused pyrazine nitrones via the direct reaction of 2-carbonyl-N-allenylpyrroles (readily accessible from the corresponding NH-pyrroles) with hydroxyl amine hydrochloride has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey V. Ivanov
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana V. Martynovskaya
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Victoria S. Shcherbakova
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Igor A. Ushakov
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana N. Borodina
- Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry
- Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 664033 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S. Bobkov
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems
- Irkutsk State University
- 664003 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
| | - Nadezhda M. Vitkovskaya
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemical Modeling of Molecular Systems
- Irkutsk State University
- 664003 Irkutsk
- Russian Federation
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12
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Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation. TOP ORGANOMETAL CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/3418_2020_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Hu XH, Hu XP. Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Ir-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of 2,3-Disubstituted Quinolines with Structurally Fine-Tuned Phosphine-Phosphoramidite Ligands. Org Lett 2019; 21:10003-10006. [PMID: 31802677 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b03925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A highly diastereo- and enantioselective Ir-catalyzed hydrogenation of unfunctionalized 2,3-disubstituted quinolines, especially 3-alkyl-2-arylquinolines, has been realized. The success of this hydrogenation is ascribed to the use of a structurally fine-tuned chiral phosphine-phosphoramidite ligand with a (Sa)-3,3'-dimethyl H8-naphthyl moiety and (Rc)-1-phenylethylamine backbone. The hydrogenation displayed broad functional group tolerance, thus furnishing a wide range of optically active 2,3-disubstituted tetrahydroquinolines in up to 96% ee and with perfect cis-diastereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Hu Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Xiang-Ping Hu
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023 , China
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14
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Bi HY, Du M, Pan CX, Xiao Y, Su GF, Mo DL. Nickel(II)-Catalyzed [5 + 1] Annulation of 2-Carbonyl-1-propargylindoles with Hydroxylamine To Synthesize Pyrazino[1,2- a]indole-2-oxides in Water. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9859-9868. [PMID: 31347845 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An atom-economical and practical method for the efficient synthesis of various pyrazino[1,2-a]indole-2-oxides was developed through a nickel(II)-catalyzed [5 + 1] annulation of 2-carbonyl-1-propargylindoles with hydroxylamine in water without using an organic solvent. The reaction involved an initial condensation of 2-carbonyl-1-propargylindoles with hydroxylamine to afford oxime intermediates, which then underwent a nickel(II)-catalyzed 6-exo-dig cyclization. Preliminary studies showed that (n-Bu)4NI served as a phase transfer catalyst and promoted the formation of active nickel(II) species. More importantly, the nickel(II) salt and phase transfer catalyst-in-water could be recycled seven times, and a gram scalable product was easily obtained in good yields through a filtration and washing protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yu Cai Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Min Du
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yu Cai Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Cheng-Xue Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yu Cai Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Yuhong Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Hunan University of Science and Technology , Xiangtan 411201 , P. R. China
| | - Gui-Fa Su
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yu Cai Road , Guilin 541004 , China
| | - Dong-Liang Mo
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Ministry of Science and Technology of China, School of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences , Guangxi Normal University , 15 Yu Cai Road , Guilin 541004 , China
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15
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Wiesenfeldt MP, Nairoukh Z, Dalton T, Glorius F. Selective Arene Hydrogenation for Direct Access to Saturated Carbo- and Heterocycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10460-10476. [PMID: 30701650 PMCID: PMC6697539 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201814471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arene hydrogenation provides direct access to saturated carbo- and heterocycles and thus its strategic application may be used to shorten synthetic routes. This powerful transformation is widely applied in industry and is expected to facilitate major breakthroughs in the applied sciences. The ability to overcome aromaticity while controlling diastereo-, enantio-, and chemoselectivity is central to the use of hydrogenation in the preparation of complex molecules. In general, the hydrogenation of multisubstituted arenes yields predominantly the cis isomer. Enantiocontrol is imparted by chiral auxiliaries, Brønsted acids, or transition-metal catalysts. Recent studies have demonstrated that highly chemoselective transformations are possible. Such methods and the underlying strategies are reviewed herein, with an emphasis on synthetically useful examples that employ readily available catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario P. Wiesenfeldt
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Toryn Dalton
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität MünsterCorrensstrasse 4048149MünsterGermany
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16
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Wiesenfeldt MP, Nairoukh Z, Dalton T, Glorius F. Die selektive Arenhydrierung bietet einen direkten Zugang zu gesättigten Carbo‐ und Heterocyclen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201814471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario P. Wiesenfeldt
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Zackaria Nairoukh
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Toryn Dalton
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches InstitutWestfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40 48149 Münster Deutschland
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Hu SB, Zhai XY, Shen HQ, Zhou YG. Iridium-catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Polycyclic Pyrrolo/Indolo[1,2-a
]quinoxalines and Phenanthridines. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201701450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Bo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 Pepole's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 Pepole's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yong Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 Pepole's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Qiang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 Pepole's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Gui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Dalian 116023 Pepole's Republic of China
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