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McClay BT, Lambson KE, Banini SR, Akhmedov TN, Söderberg BCG. A base-mediated synthesis of N-hydroxy- and N-alkoxyindoles from 2-nitrostyrenes. Tetrahedron 2023; 144:133578. [PMID: 37680993 PMCID: PMC10482417 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2023.133578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Sequential treatment of alkyl 2-(2-nitroaryl)-2-butenoates with potassium tert-butoxide and an electrophile, such as methyl iodide, benzyl bromide and allyl bromide, afforded N-alkoxyindoles. In related reactions, using sodium tert-pentoxide as the base with or without in situ addition of an electrophile afforded N-alkoxy- and N-hydroxyindoles, respectively. Electrophiles such as dimethylsulfate, p-tosyl chloride, and acetic anhydride afforded moderate yields of the respective N-methoxy-, N-tosyloxy, and N-acetoxyindoles, while methyl iodide, benzyl bromide, and 1-bromohexane failed to form alkylated products using sodium tert-pentoxide as the base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine T McClay
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6045, United States
| | - Katharine E Lambson
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6045, United States
| | - Serge R Banini
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6045, United States
| | - Tural N Akhmedov
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6045, United States
| | - Björn C G Söderberg
- C. Eugene Bennett Department of Chemistry, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26506-6045, United States
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2
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Kim YE, Lim YJ, Kim C, Jeong YR, Cho H, Lee SH. Syntheses of New Multisubstituted 1-Acyloxyindole Compounds. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27196769. [PMID: 36235301 PMCID: PMC9570991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The syntheses of novel 1-acyloxyindole compounds 1 and the investigations on reaction pathways are presented. Nitro ketoester substrate 2, obtained in a two-step synthetic process, underwent reduction, intramolecular addition, nucleophilic 1,5-addition, and acylation to afford 1-acyloxyindoles 1 in one pot. Based on the systematic studies, we established the optimized reaction conditions for 1 focusing on the final acylation step of the intermediate 1-hydroxyindole 8. With the optimized conditions, we succeeded in synthesizing 21 examples of new 1-acyloxyindole derivatives 1 in modest yields (Y = 24 − 35%). Among the 1-acyloxyindole compounds, 1-acetoxyindole compounds 1x were generally unstable, and their yields were relatively lower than the other 1-acyloxyindoles. We expect that a bulkier alkyl or aromatic group on R2 could stabilize the 1-acyloxyindole compounds. Significantly, one-pot reactions of a four-step sequence successfully generated compounds 1 that are all new and might be difficult to be synthesized otherwise.
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3
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Sihag M, Soni R, Rani N, Kinger M, Kumar Aneja D. Recent Synthetic Applications of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents. A Review in Three Installments: Installment I. ORG PREP PROCED INT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00304948.2022.2113964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Aneja
- Department of Chemistry, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University, Bhiwani, Haryana, India
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Rani N, Soni R, Sihag M, Kinger M, Aneja DK. Combined Approach of Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and Transition Metals in Organic Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rani
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Rinku Soni
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Monika Sihag
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Mayank Kinger
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
| | - Deepak K. Aneja
- Department of Chemistry Chaudhary Bansi Lal University Bhiwani-127021 Haryana India
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5
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Kim YE, Cho H, Lim YJ, Kim C, Lee SH. One-Pot Synthesis of Novel Multisubstituted 1-Alkoxyindoles. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26051466. [PMID: 33800380 PMCID: PMC7962848 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on a one-pot synthesis of novel multisubstituted 1-alkoxyindoles 1 and their mechanistic investigations are presented. The synthesis of 1 was successfully achieved through consecutive four step reactions from substrates 2. The substrates 2, prepared through a two-step synthetic sequence, underwent three consecutive reactions of nitro reduction, intramolecular condensation, and nucleophilic 1,5-addition to provide the intermediates, 1-hydroxyindoles 8, which then were alkylated in situ with alkyl halide to afford the novel target products 1. We optimized the reaction conditions for 1 focusing on the alkylation step, along with the consideration of formation of intermediates 8. The optimized condition was SnCl2·2H2O (3.3 eq) and alcohols (R1OH, 2.0 eq) for 1–2 h at 40 °C and then, base (10 eq) and alkyl halides (R2Y, 2.0 eq) for 1–4 h at 25–50 °C. Notably, all four step reactions were performed in one-pot to give 1 in good to modest yields. Furthermore, the mechanistic aspects were also discussed regarding the reaction pathways and the formation of side products. The significance lies in development of efficient one-pot reactions and in generation of new 1-alkoxyindoles.
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6
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Kumar R, Sharma N, Prakash O. Hypervalent Iodine Reagents in the Synthesis of Flavonoids and Related Compounds. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200420074551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hypervalent iodine compounds have proved to be very useful reagents to bring
about various oxidative transformations including (i) α-functionalization of carbonyl compounds,
(ii) oxidation of phenols, and (iii) oxidative rearrangement of ketones and α,β-
unsaturated ketones. These reactions find interesting applications in the development of
newer and convenient approaches for the synthesis of flavonoids. This review focuses on
the use of most common three hypervalent compounds, namely iodobenzene diacetate,
[hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene, and [bis-trifluoroacetoxy(iodo)]benzene in the synthesis
of cis/trans-3-hydroxyflavanones, 3-hydroxyflavones (flavonols), flavones, isoflavones
and related compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, M.L.N. College, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Nitya Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, M.L.N. College, Yamuna Nagar-135001, Haryana, India
| | - Om Prakash
- Department of Chemistry, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra-136119, Haryana, India
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Liu B, Liu M, Li Q, Li Y, Feng K, Zhou Y. The palladium-catalyzed direct C3-cyanation of indoles using acetonitrile as the cyanide source. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:6108-6114. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00485e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The palladium-catalyzed C3-cyanation of indoles via direct C–H functionalization was achieved utilizing CH3CN as the cyanide source through transition-metal-catalyzed C–CN bond cleavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifu Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Huizhou University
- Huizhou
- China
| | - Min Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Huizhou University
- Huizhou
- China
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Liaocheng University
- Liaocheng
- China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
| | - Yuanhua Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Huizhou University
- Huizhou
- China
| | - Kejun Feng
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering
- Huizhou University
- Huizhou
- China
| | - Yongbo Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Hunan University
- Changsha 410082
- China
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8
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Zhilin ES, Bystrov DM, Ananyev IV, Fershtat LL, Makhova NN. Straightforward Access to the Nitric Oxide Donor Azasydnone Scaffold by Cascade Reactions of Amines. Chemistry 2019; 25:14284-14289. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201903526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Egor S. Zhilin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry M. Bystrov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Ivan V. Ananyev
- A. N. Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement CompoundsRussian Academy of Sciences Vavilova str. 28 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Leonid L. Fershtat
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russia
| | - Nina N. Makhova
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic ChemistryRussian Academy of Sciences Leninsky Prospect 47 119991 Moscow Russia
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9
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Keerthi Krishnan K, Ujwaldev SM, Saranya S, Anilkumar G, Beller M. Recent Advances and Perspectives in the Synthesis of Heterocycles
via
Zinc Catalysis. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201800868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Keerthi Krishnan
- School of Chemical SciencesMahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam 686 560 India
| | | | - Salim Saranya
- School of Chemical SciencesMahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam 686 560 India
| | - Gopinathan Anilkumar
- School of Chemical SciencesMahatma Gandhi University Priyadarsini Hills P O Kottayam 686 560 India
| | - Matthias Beller
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock (LIKAT Rostock) Albert-Einstein Straße 29a 18059 Rostock Germany
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10
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Elsherbini M, Wirth T. Hypervalent Iodine Reagents by Anodic Oxidation: A Powerful Green Synthesis. Chemistry 2018; 24:13399-13407. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elsherbini
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building Cardiff CF10 3AT UK
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