1
|
Han X, Zhang N, Li Q, Zhang Y, Das S. The efficient synthesis of three-membered rings via photo- and electrochemical strategies. Chem Sci 2024:d4sc02512a. [PMID: 39156935 PMCID: PMC11325197 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc02512a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-membered rings, such as epoxides, aziridines, oxaziridines, cyclopropenes, vinyloxaziridines, and azirines, are recognized as crucial pharmacophores and building blocks in organic chemistry and drug discovery. Despite the significant advances in the synthesis of these rings through photo/electrochemical methods over the past decade, there has currently been no focused discussion and updated overviews on this topic. Therefore, we presented this review article on the efficient synthesis of three-membered rings using photo- and electrochemical strategies, covering the literature since 2015. In this study, a conceptual overview and detailed discussions were provided to illustrate the advancement of this field. Moreover, a brief discussion outlines the current challenges and opportunities in synthesizing the three-membered rings using these strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Han
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qiannan Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine No. 1200, Cailun Road Shanghai 201203 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Shoubhik Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth Bayreuth 95447 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mondal S, Ghosh S, Hajra A. Visible-light-induced redox-neutral difunctionalization of alkenes and alkynes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024. [PMID: 39129429 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03552f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
The twelve principles of green chemistry illuminate the pathway in the direction of sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis, marking a fundamental shift in synthetic organic chemistry paradigms. In this realm, harnessing the power of visible light for the difunctionalization of various skeletons without employing any external oxidant or reductant, specifically termed as redox-neutral difunctionalization, has attracted tremendous interest from synthetic organic chemists due to its low cost, easy availability and environmentally friendly nature in contrast to traditional metal-catalyzed difunctionalizations. This review presents an overview of recent updates on visible-light-induced redox-neutral difunctionalization reactions with literature coverage up to May 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Mondal
- Central Ayurvedic Research Institute, 4-CN Block, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, 700091, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
| | - Alakananda Hajra
- Department of Chemistry, Visva-Bharati (A Central University), Santiniketan, 731235, West Bengal, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Feng S, Liu H, Li Y, Fang Y. Photoredox-catalyzed radical-radical cross coupling of ketyl radicals with unstabilized primary alkyl radicals. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:4431-4434. [PMID: 38563261 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00620h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Herein, a novel protocol dealing with the preparation of sterically hindered alcohols has been successfully developed via radical-radical coupling reactions enabled by mild and redox-neutral photocatalysis. With alkylsilicates as the radical precursors, a range of primary alkyl radicals bearing various functional groups could couple with a range of phthalimides and activated ketones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shishen Feng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Hong Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China.
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang Y, Deng J, Ressler AJ, Lin S. Electroreductive Radical Addition-Polar Cyclization Cascade to Access Cycloalkanes. Org Lett 2024; 26:116-121. [PMID: 38157449 PMCID: PMC11192528 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Compared with flat aromatic scaffolds, three-dimensional aliphatic ring systems feature high structural complexity and topological diversity and, thus, have received increasing attention in drug discovery. Herein, we describe a mild and general electrochemical method for the modular synthesis of structurally distinct cyclic compounds, including monocyclic alkanes, benzo-fused ring systems, and spirocycles, from readily available alkenes and alkyl halides via a radical-polar crossover mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Jiachen Deng
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Andrew J. Ressler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| | - Song Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, New York 14853, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tian J, Zhou L. Photoredox radical/polar crossover enables C-H gem-difunctionalization of 1,3-benzodioxoles for the synthesis of monofluorocyclohexenes. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6045-6051. [PMID: 37293655 PMCID: PMC10246682 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc00912b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A photocatalytic C-H gem-difunctionalization of 1,3-benzodioxoles with two different alkenes for the synthesis of highly functionalized monofluorocyclohexenes is described. Using 4CzIPN as the photocatalyst, the direct single electron oxidation of 1,3-benzodioxoles allows their defluorinative coupling with α-trifluoromethyl alkenes to produce gem-difluoroalkenes in a redox-neutral radical polar crossover manifold. The C-H bond of the resultant γ,γ-difluoroallylated 1,3-benzodioxoles was further functionalized via radical addition to electron-deficient alkenes using a more oxidizing iridium photocatalyst. The capture of in situ generated carbanions by an electrophilic gem-difluoromethylene carbon and consecutive β-fluoride elimination afford monofluorocyclohexenes. The synergistic combination of multiple termination pathways of carbanions enables rapid incorporation of molecular complexity via stitching simple and readily accessible starting materials together.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Tian
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Lei Zhou
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University Panyu District Guangzhou 510006 China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zhang Z, Zhang L, Huai L, Wang Z, Fang Y. α-Arylsulfonyloxyacrylates: attractive O-centered electrophiles for synthesis of α-substituted acrylates via Pd-catalysed Suzuki reactions. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9180-9185. [PMID: 36950707 PMCID: PMC10026373 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00401e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We herein report α-arylsulfonyloxyacrylates as a kind of useful and attractive O-centered electrophiles for Suzuki cross-coupling reactions. A range of α-(hetero)aryl substituted acrylates has been prepared via the palladium-catalysed C-C cross-coupling reactions between potassium (hetero)aryltrifluoroborates and α-arylsulfonyloxyacrylates. Moreover, α-arylsulfonyloxyacrylate could also react with B-alkyl-9-BBN to produce α-alkyl substituted acrylates. The synthetic application of this new method was demonstrated by the preparation of the intermediate for synthesis of retinoid X receptors-selective retinoids. These Suzuki reaction-based protocols feature broad substrate scope, generality, and mild reaction conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongya Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Land and Resources of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University No. 126 Yanta Road Xi'an 710054 China
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Fundamental Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University No. 666 Siming Road Ningbo 315500 China
| | - Linge Huai
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University No. 61 Daizong Road Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Zhentao Wang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University No. 61 Daizong Road Tai'an 271018 China
| | - Yewen Fang
- Key Laboratory of Degraded and Unused Land Consolidation Engineering, The Ministry of Land and Resources of China, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University No. 126 Yanta Road Xi'an 710054 China
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology No. 201 Fenghua Road Ningbo 315211 China
- Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University No. 201 Fenghua Road Ningbo 315211 China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu H, Lei W, Li Y, Fang Y. Diversified access to di- and trisubstituted allenes via nickel-catalysed reactions of 1,3-enynes with alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:1825-1828. [PMID: 36722898 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06544d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a new nickel-catalysed protocol for the preparation of di- and trisubstituted allenes has been successfully developed via the reactions of 1,3-enynes with alkyl N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. The new method based on a reductive radical-polar crossover (RPC) process features broad substrate scope, wide functional group tolerance, and a simple catalyst system. The late-stage allenylation of drugs has also been illustrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Wan Lei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang B, Luo J, Fang Y. Access to functionalized alkynylcyclopropanes via reductive radical-polar crossover-based reactions of 1,3-enynes with alkyl radicals. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:732-737. [PMID: 36601995 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob02155b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein, using a single-electron-transfer reduction-based radical-polar crossover process as a strategy, protocols dealing with the preparation of functionalized alkynylcyclopropanes have been successfully developed via the reactions of 1,3-enynes with alkyl radicals. In addition to redox-neutral photocatalysis, nickel catalysis with zinc as the reductant is also an alternative to enable reactions of 1,3-enynes with redox-active N-hydroxyphthalimide esters. The synthetic application of alkynylcyclopropane has also been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Zhang
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, No. 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Junfei Luo
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry, School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University, No. 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Zhejiang Institute of Tianjin University, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu G, Gao Y, Su W. Photocatalytic Decarboxylative Coupling of Arylacetic Acids with Aromatic Aldehydes. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6322-6332. [PMID: 36173738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An efficient protocol was proposed for the preparation of secondary alcohols in good to excellent yields via photoredox-catalyzed decarboxylative couplings between readily available arylacetic acids and a variety of less reactive (hetero)aromatic aldehydes. The formation of carbanion is the key intermediate in this reaction. Various substituted arylacetic acids and aldehydes were all compatible with this transformation under mild reaction conditions. Furthermore, the current protocol was successfully applied to the direct alcoholization of several drug acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.,State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuzhen Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Weiping Su
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 155 Yangqiao Road West, Fuzhou 350002, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jin X, Zhang L. Expedient access to N-alkylphthalimides via redox-neutral photocatalysed Giese-type reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5377-5382. [PMID: 35736555 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00769j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photoredox-catalysed Giese-type reaction has emerged as a useful and powerful platform for radical-based transformations. Herein, a novel protocol for the preparation of N-alkylphthalimides has been successfully developed via the reactions of N-vinylphthalimides with radicals using alkyl silicates or Hantzsch esters as the radical precursors. According to the result of deuteration experiments, a mechanism involving a radical addition/SET reduction/protonation process has been proposed. The synthetic application of N-alkylphthalimide has also been demonstrated by deprotecting the phthalimido group using the Ing-Manske procedure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- School of Fundamental Science, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, No. 666 Siming Road, Ningbo 315500, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deis T, Forte J, Fensterbank L, Lemière G. Synthesis and Reactivity of Martin's Spirosilane-Derived Chloromethylsilicate. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27061767. [PMID: 35335132 PMCID: PMC8956079 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pentacoordinate silicon derivatives with a chloromethyl ligand are versatile compounds that are usually obtained from the corresponding tetravalent trialkoxy- or trihalogeno(chloromethyl)silane. We describe herein the synthesis of a chloromethylsilicate bearing two Martin's ligands readily obtained by addition of in situ generated chloromethyllithium to a spirosilane. The reactivity of this new species was evaluated and it has been established that the chloride is displaced by strong nucleophiles such as alkyllithiums and (hetero)aryllithiums. In Lewis acidic conditions, the pentacoordinate silicon species rearranges through a formal insertion of a methylene into one Si-C bond, to form a new tetravalent spirosilane with a six-membered ring. The same kind of rearrangement can be triggered also by addition of a Lewis base. The mechanism of the rearrangement in both conditions has been studied by means of DFT calculations.
Collapse
|
12
|
Tay NES, Lehnherr D, Rovis T. Photons or Electrons? A Critical Comparison of Electrochemistry and Photoredox Catalysis for Organic Synthesis. Chem Rev 2022; 122:2487-2649. [PMID: 34751568 PMCID: PMC10021920 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Redox processes are at the heart of synthetic methods that rely on either electrochemistry or photoredox catalysis, but how do electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis compare? Both approaches provide access to high energy intermediates (e.g., radicals) that enable bond formations not constrained by the rules of ionic or 2 electron (e) mechanisms. Instead, they enable 1e mechanisms capable of bypassing electronic or steric limitations and protecting group requirements, thus enabling synthetic chemists to disconnect molecules in new and different ways. However, while providing access to similar intermediates, electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis differ in several physical chemistry principles. Understanding those differences can be key to designing new transformations and forging new bond disconnections. This review aims to highlight these differences and similarities between electrochemistry and photoredox catalysis by comparing their underlying physical chemistry principles and describing their impact on electrochemical and photochemical methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas E S Tay
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Dan Lehnherr
- Process Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Tomislav Rovis
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quindt MI, Gola GF, Rodriguez CR, Ramirez JA, Bonesi SM. Product selectivity in the photoreaction of aryl sulfonates and mesylate of estrone derivatives in sustainable and micellar media: a steady-state investigation. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02989h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The photochemical reaction of sulfonate steroids in a sustainable environment was carried out successfully under steady-state conditions. Significant selectivity in photoproduct formation was also observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías I. Quindt
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel F. Gola
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cristian R. Rodriguez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier A. Ramirez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio M. Bonesi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- CONICET–Universidad de Buenos Aires, Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lei W, Liu H, Li Y, Fang Y. Nickel-catalysed SET-reduction-based access to functionalized allenes via 1,4-carbohydrogenation of 1,3-enynes with alkyl bromides. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00672c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Allene synthesis: Using reductive radical–polar crossover as the strategy, functionalized allenes could be easily accessed via the reactions of 1,3-enynes with alkyl bromides enabled by nickel catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Lei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Huang XL, Cheng YZ, You SL. Visible-light enabled synthesis of cyclopropane-fused indolines via dearomatization of indoles. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo01174c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis of methylene-unsubstituted cyclopropane-fused indolines via photoredox catalyzed dearomative cyclopropanation of indole derivatives was developed. A broad range of indoles bearing a variety of functional groups were compatible...
Collapse
|
16
|
Ide K, Furuta M, Tokuyama H. Photoredox-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation of alkenes with α-bromo-β-keto esters. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:9172-9176. [PMID: 34664610 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01733k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A mild photoredox-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation of alkenes with α-bromo-β-keto esters in an aqueous medium was developed. The sequential reaction process comprising the intramolecular radical addition of α-bromo-β-keto esters to olefins under photoredox catalysis, and subsequent cyclization to form cyclopropane proceeds in one-pot under exceptionally mild conditions at room temperature in the presence of 2,6-lutidine. A broad range of substrates consisting of various alkenes and both base- and acid-sensitive functionalized esters were feasible under the reaction conditions, resulting in a wide range of functionalized bicyclic cyclopropanes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohta Ide
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Miyu Furuta
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Tokuyama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lei W, Liu Y, Fang Y, Li Y, Du C, Fang J. Modular access to 1,2-allenyl ketones based on a photoredox-catalysed radical-polar crossover process. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:8502-8506. [PMID: 34549768 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01654g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein, a new protocol dealing with the preparation of 1,2-allenyl ketones has been successfully developed via the reactions of enynes with radicals enabled by dual photoredox/copper catalysis. Based on the results of a deuteration experiment and the competition reaction between cyclopropanation and allenation, the mechanism based on a photoredox-neutral-catalysed radical-polar crossover process has been proposed. Synthetic applications of allenes have also been demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wan Lei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, Hubei University, No. 368 YouyiDadao, Wuhan 430062, China.
| | - Chan Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Jianghua Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Levernier E, Jaouadi K, Zhang HR, Corcé V, Bernard A, Gontard G, Troufflard C, Grimaud L, Derat E, Ollivier C, Fensterbank L. Phenyl Silicates with Substituted Catecholate Ligands: Synthesis, Structural Studies and Reactivity. Chemistry 2021; 27:8782-8790. [PMID: 33856711 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
While the generation of aryl radicals by photoredox catalysis under reductive conditions is well documented, it has remained challenging under an oxidative pathway. Because of the easy photo-oxidation of alkyl bis-catecholato silicates, a general study of phenyl silicates bearing substituted catecholate ligands has been achieved. The newly synthesized phenyl silicates have been fully characterized, and their reactivity has been explored. It was found that, thanks to the substitution of the catecholate moiety, notably with the 4-cyanocatecholato ligand, the phenyl radical could be generated and trapped. Computational studies provided a rationale for these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Levernier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Khaoula Jaouadi
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Heng-Rui Zhang
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Corcé
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Aurélie Bernard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Geoffrey Gontard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Claire Troufflard
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire de biomolécules (LBM), Département de Chimie, Sorbonne Université, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, CNRS, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Derat
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Cyril Ollivier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| | - Louis Fensterbank
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, 4 Place Jussieu, CC 229, 75252, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Donabauer K, König B. Strategies for the Photocatalytic Generation of Carbanion Equivalents for Reductant-Free C-C Bond Formations. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:242-252. [PMID: 33325678 PMCID: PMC7871440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThe use of photocatalysis in organic chemistry has encountered a surge of novel transformations since the start of the 21st century. The majority of these transformations are driven by the generation and subsequent reaction of radicals, owing to the intrinsic property of common photocatalysts to transfer single electrons from their excited state. While this is a powerful and elegant method to develop novel transformations, several research groups recently sought to further extend the toolbox of photocatalysis into the realm of polar ionic reactivity by the formation of cationic as well as anionic key reaction intermediates to furnish a desired product.Our group became especially interested in the photocatalytic formation of anionic carbon nucleophiles, as the overall transformation resembles classical organometallic reactions like Grignard, Barbier, and Reformatsky reactions, which are ubiquitous in organic synthesis with broad applications especially in the formation of valuable C-C bonds. Although these classical reactions are frequently applied, their use still bears certain disadvantages; one is the necessity of an (over)stoichiometric amount of a reducing metal. The reducing, low-valent, metal is solely applied to activate the starting material to form the organometallic carbanion synthon, while the final reaction product does generally not contain a metal species. Hence, a stoichiometric amount of metal salt is bound to be generated at the end of each reaction, diminishing the atom economy. The use of visible light as mild and traceless activation agent to drive chemical reactions can be a means to arrive at a more atom economic transformation, as a reducing metal source is avoided. Beyond this, the vast pool of photocatalytic activation methods offers the potential to employ easily available starting materials, as simple as unfunctionalized alkanes, to open novel and more facile retrosynthetic pathways. However, as mentioned above, photocatalysis is dominated by open-shell radical reactivity. With neutral radicals showing an intrinsically different reactivity than ionic species, novel strategies to form intermediates expressing a polar behavior need to be developed in order to achieve this goal.In the last couple of years, several methods toward this aim have been reported by our group and others. This Account aims to give an overview of the different existing strategies to photocatalytically form carbon centered anions or equivalents of those in order to form C-C bonds. As the main concept is to omit a stoichiometric reductant source (like a low-valent metal in classical organometallic reactions), only redox-neutral and reductant-free transformations were taken into closer consideration. We present selected examples of important strategies and try to illustrate the intentions and concepts behind the methods developed by our group and others.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Donabauer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg,
Germany
| | - Burkhard König
- Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of
Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 31, 93053 Regensburg,
Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang N, Fang Y, Xu F, Zhou R, Jin X, Zhang L, Shi J, Fang J, Wu H, Zhang Z. Application of the stabilization effect of a silyl group in radical-polar crossover reactions enabled by photoredox-neutral catalysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00738f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Taking advantage of the stabilization effect of a silyl group, with a bulky but positive nature, a range of less investigated organosilanes could be generally accessed via photoredox-catalysed radical-polar crossover reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiyuan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, No. 79 West Street Yingze, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianxun Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Jianghua Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zongyong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Ningbo University of Technology, No. 201 Fenghua Road, Ningbo 315211, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Liu Y, Luo W, Xia T, Fang Y, Du C, Jin X, Li Y, Zhang L, Lei W, Wu H. Merging radical-polar crossover/cycloisomerization processes: access to polyfunctional furans enabled by metallaphotoredox catalysis. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo01472a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox catalysis for furan synthesis: The cyclisation of yne-enones proceeds smoothly via consecutive reductive radical-polar crossover and cycloisomerization processes enabled by cooperative photoredox-neutral and copper catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Tingting Xia
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
- Key Laboratory of Organofluorine Chemistry
| | - Chan Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Wan Lei
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wang F, Wang SY. Visible-light-promoted cross-coupling reaction of hypervalent bis-catecholato silicon compounds with selenosulfonates or thiosulfonates. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A visible-light-promoted free radical cross coupling of hypervalent bis-catecholato silicon compounds with selenosulfonates or thiosulfonates is developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| | - Shun-Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
- Soochow University
- Suzhou
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cannalire R, Pelliccia S, Sancineto L, Novellino E, Tron GC, Giustiniano M. Visible light photocatalysis in the late-stage functionalization of pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 50:766-897. [PMID: 33350402 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00493f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The late stage functionalization (LSF) of complex biorelevant compounds is a powerful tool to speed up the identification of structure-activity relationships (SARs) and to optimize ADME profiles. To this end, visible-light photocatalysis offers unique opportunities to achieve smooth and clean functionalization of drugs by unlocking site-specific reactivities under generally mild reaction conditions. This review offers a critical assessment of current literature, pointing out the recent developments in the field while emphasizing the expected future progress and potential applications. Along with paragraphs discussing the visible-light photocatalytic synthetic protocols so far available for LSF of drugs and drug candidates, useful and readily accessible synoptic tables of such transformations, divided by functional groups, will be provided, thus enabling a useful, fast, and easy reference to them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolando Cannalire
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Zhang X, Zhang Z, Song JN, Wang Z. Reductive radical-initiated 1,2-C migration assisted by an azidyl group. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7921-7926. [PMID: 34123076 PMCID: PMC8163324 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02559c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here a novel reductive radical-polar crossover reaction that is a reductive radical-initiated 1,2-C migration of 2-azido allyl alcohols enabled by an azidyl group. The reaction tolerates diverse migrating groups, such as alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl groups, allowing access to n+1 ring expansion of small to large rings. The possibility of directly using propargyl alcohols in one-pot is also described. Mechanistic studies indicated that an azidyl group is a good leaving group and provides a driving force for the 1,2-C migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Zhansong Zhang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| | - Jin-Na Song
- School of Life Science, Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Zikun Wang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Organic Functional Molecular Design & Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University Changchun 130024 China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Quindt MI, Gola GF, Ramirez JA, Bonesi SM. Photochemical Behavior of Some Estrone Aryl and Methyl Sulfonates in Solution: Preparative and Mechanistic Studies. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 97:8-21. [PMID: 32246460 DOI: 10.1111/php.13272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Direct irradiation of estrone aryl and methyl sulfonates in different organic solvents under nitrogen atmosphere was investigated under steady-state conditions. The estrone derivatives reacted efficiently through the photo-Fries rearrangement reaction involving [1;3]-sulfonyl migration providing the ortho-sulfonyl estrone derivatives and estrone as the photoproducts. In addition, estrone and 2-arylsulfonyl estrone derivatives were epimerized involving a Norrish Type-I reaction. Chemical quenching and photosensitization experiments on the photoreaction have been also carried out to establish the photoreactive excited state. Likewise, the solvent effect and the nature of the sulfonyl group on the photoreactions have been also studied.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías I Quindt
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriel F Gola
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Javier A Ramirez
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Microanálisis y Métodos Físicos Aplicados a Química Orgánica (UMYMFOR), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio M Bonesi
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono (CIHIDECAR), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
van Vliet KM, van Leeuwen NS, Brouwer AM, de Bruin B. Visible-light-induced addition of carboxymethanide to styrene from monochloroacetic acid. Beilstein J Org Chem 2020; 16:398-408. [PMID: 32273903 PMCID: PMC7113555 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.16.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Where monochloroacetic acid is widely used as a starting material for the synthesis of relevant groups of compounds, many of these synthetic procedures are based on nucleophilic substitution of the carbon chlorine bond. Oxidative or reductive activation of monochloroacetic acid results in radical intermediates, leading to reactivity different from the traditional reactivity of this compound. Here, we investigated the possibility of applying monochloroacetic acid as a substrate for photoredox catalysis with styrene to directly produce γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone. Instead of using nucleophilic substitution, we cleaved the carbon chlorine bond by single-electron reduction, creating a radical species. We observed that the reaction works best in nonpolar solvents. The reaction does not go to full conversion, but selectively forms γ-phenyl-γ-butyrolactone and 4-chloro-4-phenylbutanoic acid. Over time the catalyst precipitates from solution (perhaps in a decomposed form in case of fac-[Ir(ppy)3]), which was proven by mass spectrometry and EPR spectroscopy for one of the catalysts (N,N-5,10-di(2-naphthalene)-5,10-dihydrophenazine) used in this work. The generation of HCl resulting from lactone formation could be an additional problem for organometallic photoredox catalysts used in this reaction. In an attempt to trap one of the radical intermediates with TEMPO, we observed a compound indicating the generation of a chloromethyl radical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaj M van Vliet
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nicole S van Leeuwen
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Albert M Brouwer
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bas de Bruin
- Van 't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xu B, Troian-Gautier L, Dykstra R, Martin R, Gutierrez O, Tambar UK. Photocatalyzed Diastereoselective Isomerization of Cinnamyl Chlorides to Cyclopropanes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:6206-6215. [PMID: 32129997 PMCID: PMC7224234 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endergonic isomerizations are thermodynamically unfavored processes that are difficult to realize under thermal conditions. We report a photocatalytic and diastereoselective isomerization of acyclic cinnamyl chlorides to strained cyclopropanes. Quantum mechanical calculations (uM06-2X and DLPNO), including TD-DFT calculations, and experimental studies provide evidence for the energy transfer from an iridium photocatalyst to the allylic chloride substrate followed by C-Cl homolytic cleavage. Subsequent Cl• radical migration forms a localized triplet 1,3-diradical intermediate that, after intersystem crossing, undergoes ring-closing to form the desired product. The mild reaction conditions are compatible with a broad range of functional groups to generate chlorocyclopropanes in high yields and diastereoselectivities. A more efficient process is developed by addition of a catalytic amount of a nickel complex, and we propose a novel role for this cocatalyst to recycle an allyl chloride byproduct generated in the course of the reaction. The reaction is also shown to be stereoconvergent, as an E/Z mixture of cinnamyl chlorides furnish the anti-chlorocyclopropane product in high diastereoselectivity. We anticipate that the use of a visible light activated photocatalyst to transform substrates in combination with a transition metal catalyst to recycle byproducts back into the catalytic cycle will provide unique opportunities for the discovery of new reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| | - Ludovic Troian-Gautier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP 160/06, 50 avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ryan Dykstra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Robert Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Osvaldo Gutierrez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Uttam K. Tambar
- Department of Biochemistry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas 75390-9038, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Luo W, Fang Y, Zhang L, Xu T, Liu Y, Li Y, Jin X, Bao J, Wu X, Zhang Z. Bromomethyl Silicate: A Robust Methylene Transfer Reagent for Radical-Polar Crossover Cyclopropanation of Alkenes. European J Org Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202000134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Luo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Hubei University; No. 368 Youyi Dadao 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; No. 201 Fenghua Road 315211 Ningbo China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College; No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Tianhang Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; No. 201 Fenghua Road 315211 Ningbo China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Hubei University; No. 368 Youyi Dadao 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules; Hubei University; No. 368 Youyi Dadao 430062 Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering; Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College; No. 888 Yinxian Avenue East 315100 Ningbo China
| | - Jiakan Bao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; No. 201 Fenghua Road 315211 Ningbo China
| | - Xiaodong Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; No. 201 Fenghua Road 315211 Ningbo China
| | - Zongyong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering; Ningbo University of Technology; No. 201 Fenghua Road 315211 Ningbo China
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wiles RJ, Molander GA. Photoredox-Mediated Net-Neutral Radical/Polar Crossover Reactions. Isr J Chem 2020; 60:281-293. [PMID: 33986554 PMCID: PMC8115720 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Radical/Polar Crossover (RPC) chemistry is a rapidly growing subset of photoredox catalysis that is characterized by transformations featuring both radical and ionic modes of reactivity. Net-neutral RPC is particularly interesting in that both the single-electron oxidation and reduction steps occur through interaction with the photocatalyst, thus precluding the need for exogenous oxidants or reductants. As such, these transformations facilitate rapid incorporation of molecular complexity while maintaining mild reaction conditions. This review covers recent advances in photoredox-mediated net-neutral RPC synthetic methods, with a particular emphasis on C-C bond-forming reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Wiles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 St. Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Gary A Molander
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34 St. Philadelphia, PA 19104
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Liu Y, Luo W, Wu J, Fang Y, Li Y, Jin X, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Xu F, Du C. Radical addition-polar termination cascade: efficient strategy for photoredox-neutral-catalysed cyclopropanation and Giese-type reactions of alkenyl N-methyliminodiacetyl boronates. Org Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0qo00349b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Silicate meets boronate: efficient cyclopropanation and Giese-type reactions of alkenyl N-methyliminodiacetyl boronates with alkyl silicates have been realized via a photoredox-neutral-catalysed radical-polar crossover process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Liu
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Wenping Luo
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Jiali Wu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Yewen Fang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Yan Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials and Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules
- Hubei University
- Wuhan 430062
- China
| | - Xiaoping Jin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering
- Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College
- Ningbo 315100
- China
| | - Zongyong Zhang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Fenfen Xu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| | - Chan Du
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering
- Ningbo University of Technology
- Ningbo 315211
- China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Milligan JA, Burns KL, Le AV, Polites VC, Wang ZJ, Molander GA, Kelly CB. Radical-Polar Crossover Annulation: A Platform for Accessing Polycyclic Cyclopropanes. Adv Synth Catal 2019; 362:242-247. [PMID: 34084099 DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox-mediated radical/polar crossover (RPC) processes provide unique solutions to challenging annulations. Herein, we describe an approach to the cyclopropanation of olefins that are embedded within bicyclic scaffolds. Whereas these systems are notoriously recalcitrant toward classical cyclopropanation approaches, RPC cyclopropanation can be executed with ease, leading to polycarbocyclic and polyheterocyclic cyclopropanes. The cyclopropanation proceeds through a photoredox-enabled Giese-type radical addition followed by an intramolecular anionic substitution reaction on a neopentyl leaving group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A Milligan
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Kevin L Burns
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA.,Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8, 737 North Fifth Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, USA
| | - Anthony V Le
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA.,Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8, 737 North Fifth Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, USA
| | - Viktor C Polites
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Zheng-Jun Wang
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 41000, China
| | - Gary A Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6323, USA
| | - Christopher B Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P.O. Box 842006, Richmond, Virginia 23284, USA.,Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8, 737 North Fifth Street, Richmond, Virginia, 23219, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Herraiz AG, Suero MG. A transition-metal-free & diazo-free styrene cyclopropanation. Chem Sci 2019; 10:9374-9379. [PMID: 32110302 PMCID: PMC7017872 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc02749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An operationally simple and broadly applicable novel cyclopropanation of styrenes using gem-diiodomethyl carbonyl reagents has been developed. Visible-light triggered the photoinduced generation of iodomethyl carbonyl radicals, able to cyclopropanate a wide array of styrenes with excellent chemoselectivity and functional group tolerance. To highlight the utility of our photocyclopropanation, we demonstrated the late-stage functionalization of biomolecule derivatives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana G Herraiz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16 , Tarragona , 43007 , Spain .
- Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica , Universitat Rovira i Virgili , Calle Marcel. lí Domingo, 1 , Tarragona , 43007 , Spain
| | - Marcos G Suero
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Av. Països Catalans 16 , Tarragona , 43007 , Spain .
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Pitzer L, Schwarz JL, Glorius F. Reductive radical-polar crossover: traditional electrophiles in modern radical reactions. Chem Sci 2019; 10:8285-8291. [PMID: 32055300 PMCID: PMC7003961 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc03359a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The concept of reductive radical-polar crossover (RRPCO) reactions has recently emerged as a valuable and powerful tool to overcome limitations of both radical and traditional polar chemistry. Especially in case of additions to carbonyl compounds, the synergy of radical and polar pathways is of great advantage since it enables the use of traditional carbonyl electrophiles in radical reactions. The most recent and synthetically important transformations following this line are summarised in the first part of this review. The second part deals with transformations, in which the concept of RRPCO promotes the usage of alkyl halides as electrophiles in radical reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lena Pitzer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - J Luca Schwarz
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut , Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster , Corrensstraße 40 , 48149 Münster , Germany .
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Photoredox‐Catalyzed Cyclopropanation of 1,1‐Disubstituted Alkenes via Radical‐Polar Crossover Process. Adv Synth Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201900708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
35
|
Shu C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Photoredox-Catalyzed Cyclobutane Synthesis by a Deboronative Radical Addition-Polar Cyclization Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:3870-3874. [PMID: 30681266 PMCID: PMC6492184 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Photoredox‐catalyzed methylcyclobutanations of alkylboronic esters are described. The reactions proceed through single‐electron transfer induced deboronative radical addition to an electron‐deficient alkene followed by single‐electron reduction and polar 4‐exo‐tet cyclization with a pendant alkyl halide. Key to the success of the methodology was the use of easily oxidizable arylboronate complexes. Structurally diverse cyclobutanes are shown to be conveniently prepared from readily available alkylboronic esters and a range of haloalkyl alkenes. The mild reactions display excellent functional group tolerance, and the radical addition‐polar cyclization cascade also enables the synthesis of 3‐, 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐membered rings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shu
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Varinder K Aggarwal
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shu C, Noble A, Aggarwal VK. Photoredox‐Catalyzed Cyclobutane Synthesis by a Deboronative Radical Addition–Polar Cyclization Cascade. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201813917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Shu
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | - Adam Noble
- School of ChemistryUniversity of Bristol Cantock's Close Bristol BS8 1TS UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu C, Yang YJ, Dong JY, Zhou MD, Li L, Wang H. Visible-light-promoted hydroxysulfonylation of alkylidenecyclopropanes: synthesis of cyclopropane-containing β-hydroxysulfones. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo01058k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopropane-containing β-hydroxysulfones and cyclopropyl styrenes have been synthesised from readily available ACPs and sulfuryl chloride via visible-light photoredox catalysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Liu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ying Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- P. R. China
| | - Ming-Dong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- P. R. China
| | - Lei Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science
- Liaoning Shihua University
- Fushun 113001
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Uygur M, Danelzik T, García Mancheño O. Metal-free desilylative C–C bond formation by visible-light photoredox catalysis. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:2980-2983. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc10239b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel metal-free desilylative C–C bond formation from simple organosilanes by visible-light acridinium photoredox catalysis is presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Uygur
- Münster University
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | - Tobias Danelzik
- Münster University
- Organic Chemistry Institute
- 48149 Münster
- Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Ohtani T, Tsuchiya Y, Uraguchi D, Ooi T. Photocatalytic borylcyclopropanation of α-boryl styrenes. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00197b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A diastereoselective borylcyclopropanation of α-MIDA-boryl styrenes is developed using 4CzIPN as a catalyst under visible-light irradiation. The scope of this photocatalytic method is explored, and the utility of the resulting doubly borylated cyclopropanes is demonstrated by the selective transformations of one of the two boryl groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ohtani
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8601
- Japan
| | - Yuto Tsuchiya
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8601
- Japan
| | - Daisuke Uraguchi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8601
- Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) and Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8601
- Japan
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Dong J, Wang X, Wang Z, Song H, Liu Y, Wang Q. Metal-, photocatalyst-, and light-free late-stage C–H alkylation of N-heteroarenes with organotrimethylsilanes using persulfate as a stoichiometric oxidant. Org Chem Front 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qo00690g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Minisci C–H alkylation of N-heteroarenes with readily available benzylsilanes and heteroatom substituted silanes was developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianyang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongjian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin 300071
- People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Milligan JA, Phelan JP, Polites VC, Kelly CB, Molander GA. Radical/Polar Annulation Reactions (RPARs) Enable the Modular Construction of Cyclopropanes. Org Lett 2018; 20:6840-6844. [PMID: 30350660 PMCID: PMC6218941 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b02968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
An annulation process for the construction of 1,1-disubstituted cyclopropanes via a radical/polar crossover process is described. The cyclopropanation proceeds by the addition of a photocatalytically generated radical to a homoallylic tosylate. Reduction of the intermediate radical alkylation adduct (via single electron transfer) furnishes an anion that undergoes an intramolecular substitution. The process displays excellent functional group tolerance, characteristic of proceeding through odd-electron intermediates, and occurs under mild conditions with visible light irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Milligan
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - James P. Phelan
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - Viktor C. Polites
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| | - Christopher B. Kelly
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main Street, P. O. Box 842006 Richmond, VA 23284-9069, United States
- Medicines for All Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Biotech 8 737 N. 5 Street, Richmond, VA 23219-1441
| | - Gary A. Molander
- Roy and Diana Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34 Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104-6323, United States
| |
Collapse
|