1
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Sarkar S, Biswas A, Das S, Sanyal B, Sahoo R, Samanta R. Weakly coordinating tert-amide assisted Rh(III)-catalyzed C4-cyanation of indoles: application in photophysical studies. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11200-11203. [PMID: 37650543 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc03075j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
A rhodium(III)-catalyzed indole C4-selective cyanation is described using the bench-stable, user-friendly electrophilic cyanation agent N-cyano-N-phenyl-p-toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) as a coupling partner. A suitably positioned weakly coordinating tert-amide group was utilized for this site selectivity. The developed protocol proceeded with a broad scope. [Cp*Rh(MeCN)3][SbF6]2 was found to be an effective Rh(III) catalyst for this transformation. An initial study was carried out to know the photophysical properties of the C4-cyanated indole frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souradip Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Aniruddha Biswas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Sarbojit Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Bortika Sanyal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Rajkumar Sahoo
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
| | - Rajarshi Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India.
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2
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Sandeep K, Kumar AS, Kumara Swamy KC. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Vinyl Sulfonylation of 3‐Carbonyl‐Substituted Indoles with Ethenesulfonyl Fluoride by Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling: An Application in (3+2) Cycloaddition. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202201037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Sandeep
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 5000046 Telangana State India
| | - A. Sanjeeva Kumar
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 5000046 Telangana State India
| | - K. C. Kumara Swamy
- School of Chemistry University of Hyderabad Gachibowli Hyderabad 5000046 Telangana State India
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3
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Aslam M, Devkota S, Jamshaid S, Lee YR. Palladium‐Catalyzed Regioselective C4 Functionalization of Indoles with Quinones. Adv Synth Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202200442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Tian M, Shao L, Su X, Zhou X, Zhang H, Wei K, Sun R, Wang J. Transient directing group enabled Pd-catalyzed C-H oxygenation of benzaldehydes and benzylic amines. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18722-18727. [PMID: 35873337 PMCID: PMC9235058 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00241h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a general protocol for ortho-C-H fluoroalkoxylation of benzaldehydes and benzylic amines utilizing an inexpensive amino amide as a transient directing group. In the presence of an electrophilic fluorinating bystanding oxidant and fluorinated alcohols, a wide range of benzaldehydes and benzylic amines could be oxygenated selectively at the ortho positions to afford fluoroalkyl aryl ethers. This elegant approach would provide appealing strategies for synthesis of drug molecules and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixiang Tian
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Lidong Shao
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Xiaosan Su
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Zhou
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Ruifen Sun
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Wang
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
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5
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Taskesenligil Y, Aslan M, Cogurcu T, Saracoglu N. Directed C-H Functionalization of C3-Aldehyde, Ketone, and Acid/Ester-Substituted Free (NH) Indoles with Iodoarenes via a Palladium Catalyst System. J Org Chem 2022; 88:1299-1318. [PMID: 35609297 PMCID: PMC9903333 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed C-H arylations of free (NH) indoles including different carbonyl directing groups on C3-position with aryl iodides are demonstrated. Importantly, the reactions are carried out using the same catalyst system without any additional transient directing group (TDG). In this study, the formyl group as a directing group gave the C4-arylated indoles versus C2-arylation. Using this catalyst system, C-H functionalization of 3-acetylindoles provided domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration products. This transformation involves the unusual migration of the acetyl group to the C2-position following C4-arylation in one pot. Meanwhile, migration of the acetyl group could be simply controlled and N-protected 3-acetylindoles afforded C4-arylation products without migration of the acetyl group. Functionalization of indole-3-carboxylic acid (or methyl ester) with aryl iodides using the present Pd(II)-catalyst system resulted in decarboxylation followed by the formation of C2-arylated indoles. Based on the control experiments and the literature, plausible mechanisms are proposed. The synthetic utilities of these acetylindole derivatives have also been demonstrated. Remarkably, C4-arylated acetylindoles have allowed the construction of functionalized pityiacitrin (a natural product).
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6
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Ahmad A, Dutta HS, Kumar M, Raziullah, Gangwar MK, Koley D. Directing Group Guided Site-Selective Diversification of Indoles by Aziridine: Synthesis of β-Indolylethylamines. Org Lett 2022; 24:2783-2787. [PMID: 35394290 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A palladium catalyzed directing group assisted cross-coupling of aliphatic aziridines with indole, indoline, tetrahydroquinoline, and aniline has been developed to furnish the corresponding β-arylethylamine derivatives. The substrate scope was very general, and the protocol was also tolerated in the presence of various external additives. Control experiments suggested that the C-H cleavage step is the rate-determining step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashfaq Ahmad
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Himangsu Sekhar Dutta
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Raziullah
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Gangwar
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Dipankar Koley
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, Ghaziabad 201002, India
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7
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Liu M, Mao Z, Jiang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Pd-catalyzed Site-selective direct arene C H arylation of Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives with aryl iodides. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.153754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Singh A, Dey A, Pal K, Dash OP, Volla CMR. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Transient Directing Group-Assisted Regioselective Diverse C4-H Functionalizations of Indoles. Org Lett 2022; 24:1941-1946. [PMID: 35261251 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of a rational strategy for achieving site-selective C4-H halogenation of indoles is an appealing yet challenging task. Herein, we disclose a Pd(II)-catalyzed transient directing group (TDG)-assisted methodology for realizing C4 chlorination/bromination of indoles employing glycine as the TDG and NFSI as a bystanding oxidant. The use of inexpensive and commercially available CuX2 as the halide source is the key highlight of this protocol. Furthermore, the TDG methodology was also extended to accessing C4 acetoxylated indoles employing acetic acid as the acetate source and 1-fluoro-2,4,6-trimethylpyridinium triflate as the oxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Arnab Dey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kuntal Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Om Prakash Dash
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Chandra M R Volla
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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9
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Mao Y, Jiang J, Yuan D, Chen X, Wang Y, Hu L, Zhang Y. Overcoming peri- and ortho-selectivity in C-H methylation of 1-naphthaldehydes by a tunable transient ligand strategy. Chem Sci 2022; 13:2900-2908. [PMID: 35382469 PMCID: PMC8906006 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc05899a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Methyl groups widely exist in bioactive molecules, and site-specific methylation has become a valuable strategy for their structural functionalization. Aiming to introduce this smallest alkyl handle, a highly regioselective peri- and ortho-C-H methylation of 1-naphthaldehyde by using a transient ligand strategy has been developed. A series of methyl-substituted naphthalene frameworks have been prepared in moderate to excellent yields. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that peri-methylation is controlled by the higher electronic density of the peri-position of 1-naphthaldehyde as well as the formation of intermediary 5,6-fused bicyclic palladacycles, whereas experimental studies and theoretical calculations inferred that a 5-membered iridacycle at the ortho-position of 1-naphthaldehyde leads to energetically favorable ortho-methylation via an interconversion between the peri-iridacycle and ortho-iridacycle. Importantly, to demonstrate the synthetic utility of this method, we show that this strategy can serve as a platform for the synthesis of multi-substituted naphthalene-based bioactive molecules and natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujian Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Xiuzhen Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Lihong Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
| | - Yinan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Functional Substances of Chinese Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing Jiangsu 210023 China
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10
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Niu Y, Yan CX, Yang XX, Bai PB, Zhou PP, Yang SD. Solvent-controlled regioselective arylation of indoles and mechanistic explorations. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo01454d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new reaction for the regioselective arylation of indoles at C2 or C3 positions achieved by adjusting the solvent and with P(O)tBu2 as an auxiliary group is reported. And the experimental results and DFT confirmed the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chao-Xian Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Peng-Bo Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pan-Pan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Shang-Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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11
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Gupta MK, Jena CK, Sharma NK. Pd-Catalyzed C(sp 2)-H olefination: synthesis of N-alkylated isoindolinone scaffolds from aryl amides of amino acid esters. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:10097-10104. [PMID: 34791004 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob01997j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Isoindolinone is a constituent of various natural products and synthetic biologically active compounds. The classical multi-step synthetic methods used to prepare various indolinone derivatives are tedious and challenging. One-pot synthetic methods are attractive and economical. Transition-metal-catalyzed C-H activation is an emerging tool for synthesizing natural products and small organic molecules via reducing the number of synthetic steps necessary. This paper describes the synthesis of N-alkyl-3-methenyl chiral isoindolinone derivatives from aryl amides of L-amino acids and non-activated alkene via Pd-catalyzed C(sp2)-H olefination. Herein, the amino acid residue acts as a directing group for olefination at the aryl ring, and then cyclization occurs at the amide NH. Hence, this methodology could be helpful to transform standard amino acids into respective chiral isoindolinone derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish K Gupta
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni campus, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India. .,HBNI-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Chinmay K Jena
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni campus, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India. .,HBNI-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
| | - Nagendra K Sharma
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER)-Bhubaneswar, Jatni campus, Bhubaneswar-752050, Odisha, India. .,HBNI-Mumbai, Mumbai, India
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12
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Kuang G, Liu D, Chen X, Liu G, Fu Y, Peng Y, Li H, Zhou Y. Transient Directing Group Strategy as a Unified Method for Site Selective Direct C4-H Halogenation of Indoles. Org Lett 2021; 23:8402-8406. [PMID: 34664971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c03131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A unified method for direct C4-H halogenation of indoles has been accomplished with the assistance of anthranilic acids as suitable transient directing groups. Exclusive site selectivity (one out of five potential reactive sites) as well as good functional group tolerance was obtained to install three kinds of halogen atoms (Cl, Br and I, respectively) by using inexpensive N-halosuccinimides (NXS) as halogen sources under mild conditions. Taking advantage of the rich functional groups in the product, a diversity of nitrogen-containing heterocycles were facily constructed via one-step late-stage derivations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghua Kuang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China.,Chemistry and Environment Engineering College, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan 475000, China
| | - Xuerong Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Guangyuan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yang Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Yiyuan Peng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yirong Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
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13
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Sarmah D, Tahu M, Bora U. Recent advances in the synthesis of indoles via C–H activation aided by N–N and N–S cleavage in the directing group. Appl Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.6390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debasish Sarmah
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur India
| | - Mohendra Tahu
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur India
| | - Utpal Bora
- Department of Chemical Sciences Tezpur University Tezpur India
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14
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Prabagar B, Yang Y, Shi Z. Site-selective C-H functionalization to access the arene backbone of indoles and quinolines. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:11249-11269. [PMID: 34486584 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00334d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The site-selective C-H bond functionalization of heteroarenes can eventually provide chemists with great techniques for editing and building complex molecular scaffolds. During the past decade, benzo-fused N-heterocycles such as indoles and quinolines have been among the most widely investigated organic templates. Early developments have led to site-selective C-H bond functionalization on the pyrrole and pyridine cores of indoles and quinolines; however, C-H functionalization on the benzenoid ring has remained a great challenge in catalysis. In this review, we elaborate on recent developments in the highly challenging functionalization of C-H bonds on the less-reactive benzenoid core of indoles and quinolines. These findings are mainly described as selective directing group assisted strategies, remote C-H functionalization techniques and their reaction mechanisms. The underlying principle in each strategy is elucidated, which aims to facilitate the design of a more advanced structure of heterocycles based on bioactive molecules, synthetic drugs, and material aspects. Moreover, the challenges and perspectives for catalytic C-H functionalization to access the arene backbone of indoles and quinolines are also proposed in the conclusion section.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Prabagar
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Youqing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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15
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Jacob C, Maes BUW, Evano G. Transient Directing Groups in Metal-Organic Cooperative Catalysis. Chemistry 2021; 27:13899-13952. [PMID: 34286873 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The direct functionalization of C-H bonds is among the most fundamental chemical transformations in organic synthesis. However, when the innate reactivity of the substrate cannot be utilized for the functionalization of a given single C-H bond, this selective C-H bond functionalization mostly relies on the use of directing groups that allow bringing the catalyst in close proximity to the C-H bond to be activated and these directing groups need to be installed before and cleaved after the transformation, which involves two additional undesired synthetic operations. These additional steps dramatically reduce the overall impact and the attractiveness of C-H bond functionalization techniques since classical approaches based on substrate pre-functionalization are sometimes still more straightforward and appealing. During the past decade, a different approach involving both the in situ installation and removal of the directing group, which can then often be used in a catalytic manner, has emerged: the transient directing group strategy. In addition to its innovative character, this strategy has brought C-H bond functionalization to an unprecedented level of usefulness and has enabled the development of remarkably efficient processes for the direct and selective introduction of functional groups onto both aromatic and aliphatic substrates. The processes unlocked by the development of these transient directing groups will be comprehensively overviewed in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Jacob
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert U W Maes
- Organic Synthesis Division, Department of Chemistry, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gwilherm Evano
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, Service de Chimie et Physico-Chimie Organiques, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, CP160/06, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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The direct C(sp2)-H functionalization and coupling of aromatic N-heterocycles with (hetero)aryl bromides by [PdX2(imidazolidin-2-ylidene)(Py)] catalysts. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Faarasse S, El Brahmi N, Guillaumet G, El Kazzouli S. Regioselective C-H Functionalization of the Six-Membered Ring of the 6,5-Fused Heterocyclic Systems: An Overview. Molecules 2021; 26:5763. [PMID: 34641306 PMCID: PMC8510187 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective C-H functionalization of the five-membered ring of the 6,5-fused heterocyclic systems is nowadays well documented due to its high reactivity compared to the six-membered ring. So, developing new procedures of C-H functionalization of the six-membered ring "by thinking out of the box" is extremely challenging, which explains the limited number of reports published to date. This review paper aims to highlight advances achieved in this emerging chemistry research and discusses recently reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soukaina Faarasse
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes, Route de Meknes, Fez 30000, Morocco; (S.F.); (N.E.B.); (G.G.)
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Orleans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Nabil El Brahmi
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes, Route de Meknes, Fez 30000, Morocco; (S.F.); (N.E.B.); (G.G.)
| | - Gérald Guillaumet
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes, Route de Meknes, Fez 30000, Morocco; (S.F.); (N.E.B.); (G.G.)
- Institute of Organic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Orleans, UMR CNRS 7311, BP 6759, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orleans, France
| | - Saïd El Kazzouli
- Euromed Research Center, Euromed Faculty of Pharmacy, Euromed University of Fes, Route de Meknes, Fez 30000, Morocco; (S.F.); (N.E.B.); (G.G.)
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18
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Murugesan T, Sivarajan C, Jayakumari CM, Singh RK, Vennapusa SR, Kaliyamoorthy A. Palladium-Catalyzed Direct C2-Biarylation of Indoles. J Org Chem 2021; 86:10838-10851. [PMID: 34291945 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Biaryl and indole units are important structural motifs in several bioactive molecules and functional materials. We have accomplished straightforward access to C2-biarylated indole derivatives through palladium-catalyzed C-H activation strategy with a broad range of substrate scope in yields of 24 to 92%. Besides, the UV/visible absorption and fluorescence properties of the ensuing products were explored. The calculated higher dihedral angle and rotational barrier values for the selected C2-biarylated indoles show that these compounds may display atropisomerism at room temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamilarasu Murugesan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Chinraj Sivarajan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Chithra Mohan Jayakumari
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Singh
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Sivaranjana Reddy Vennapusa
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
| | - Alagiri Kaliyamoorthy
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Vithura, Kerala 695551, India
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19
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Transient directing ligands for selective metal-catalysed C–H activation. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:646-659. [PMID: 37118417 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00311-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-H activation is a 'simple-to-complex' transformation that nature has perfected over millions of years of evolution. Transition-metal-catalysed C-H activation has emerged as an expeditious means to expand the chemical space by introducing diverse functionalities. Notably, among the strategies to selectively cleave a particular C-H bond, the catalytic use of a small molecule as co-catalyst to generate a transient directing group, which provides a balance between step economy and chemical productivity, has gained immense attention in recent years. This allows one to convert a desired C-H bond irrespective of its geometrical or stereochemical configuration. This Review describes the various transient directing groups used in C-H activation and explains their mechanistic significance.
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20
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Shi X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Palladium-Catalyzed Remote C-H Phosphonylation of Indoles at the C4 and C6 Positions by a Radical Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:13871-13876. [PMID: 33851763 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed direct C-H activation of indole benzenoid moiety has been achieved in the past decade. However, palladium-catalyzed remote C-H activation of indoles is rare. Herein, we report a challenging palladium-catalyzed remote C4-H phosphonylation of indoles by a radical approach. The method provides access to a series of C4-phosphonylated indoles, including tryptophan and tryptophan-containing dipeptides, which are typically inaccessible by direct C4-H activation due to its heavy reliance on C3 directing groups. Notably, unexpected C6-phosphonylated indoles were obtained through blocking of the C4 position. The preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that the reactions may proceed via a C7-palladacycle/remote-activation process. Based on the strategy, examples of remote C4-H difluoromethylation with BrCF2 COOEt are also presented, suggesting that the strategy may offer a general blueprint for other cross-couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101408, China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 168 Weihai Road, Qingdao, 266237, Shandong, P. R. China
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21
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Shi X, Wang Z, Li Y, Li X, Li X, Shi D. Palladium‐Catalyzed Remote C−H Phosphonylation of Indoles at the C4 and C6 Positions by a Radical Approach. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202103395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Shi
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao 266071 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408 China
| | - Zemin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Yuxiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, and Marine Biotechnology Research Center Shandong University 72 Binhai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology 168 Weihai Road Qingdao 266237 Shandong P. R. China
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22
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Tali JA, Singh D, Kumar G, Shankar R. Regioselective Base‐controlled Pd‐catalyzed Arylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines: leading selectivity at C8 position by N‐chelation over O‐chelation. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javeed Ahmad Tali
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Davinder Singh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Gulshan Kumar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
| | - Ravi Shankar
- Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry (NPMC) CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Jammu 180001 India
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23
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Li Y, Wang XY, Ren X, Dou B, Zhu X, Hao XQ, Song MP. Iron-Mediated Selective Sulfonylmethylation of Aniline Derivatives with p-Toluenesulfonylmethyl Isocyanide (TosMIC). J Org Chem 2021; 86:7179-7188. [PMID: 33960194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c00500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An iron-mediated highly selective C-H sulfonylmethylation of aniline derivatives with p-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide in a mixture solvent of H2O and PEG400 under an Ar atmosphere has been realized. This transformation proceeds with operational convenience, use of earth-abundant metal catalyst and nontoxic media, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. The current methodology could be applied to the regioselective C-H sulfonylmethylation of indolines, tetrahydroquinolines, and tertiary anilines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigao Li
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xu-Yan Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohuang Ren
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Baoheng Dou
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xinju Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Qi Hao
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Mao-Ping Song
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, No. 100 of Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan 450001, P. R. China
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24
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Wen J, Shi Z. From C4 to C7: Innovative Strategies for Site-Selective Functionalization of Indole C-H Bonds. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1723-1736. [PMID: 33709705 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The widespread presence of hydrocarbons makes C-H functionalization an attractive alternative to traditional cross-coupling methods. As indole is an important heteroarene in a plethora of natural products and pharmaceuticals, C-H functionalization of indole moieties has emerged as one of the most important topics in this field. Due to the presence of multiple C-H bonds in indoles, site selectivity is a long-standing challenge. Much effort has been devoted to the C-H functionalization of indoles at the C3 or C2 position, while accessing the benzene core (from C4 to C7) is considerably more challenging.This Account summarizes our recent efforts toward site-selective C-H functionalization of indoles at the benzene core based on innovative strategies. A common method to solve the issue involves the development of directing groups (DGs). Our early studies establish that the installation of the N-P(O)tBu2 group at the N position can produce C7 and C6 arylation products using palladium and copper catalysts, respectively. The developed system can also be extended to direct arylation of indoles at the C5 and C4 positions by installing a pivaloyl group at the C3 position. Further investigation of indoles bearing N-PtBu2 groups shows a more diverse reactivity for C-H functionalizations at the C7 position, including arylation, olefination, acylation, alkylation, silylation, and carbonylation with different coupling partners. Compared to the P(V) DG, the P(III) group can be easily attached to the indole substrates and detached from the products. However, these attractive reactions rely mostly on precious metal catalysts with ligands; this requirement can be a significant limitation, particularly for large-scale syntheses and the necessity of removal of toxic trace metals in pharmaceutical products. We have also uncovered a general strategy for chelation-assisted aromatic C-H borylation just using simple BBr3 under mild conditions, in which the installation of pivaloyl groups at the N1 or C3 position of indoles can selectively deliver the boron species to the unfavorable C7 or C4 positions and allow subsequent C-H borylation without any metal. This transition-metal-free strategy can be extended to synthesize C7 and C4 hydroxylated indoles by boron-mediated directed C-H hydroxylation under mild reaction conditions and with broad functional group compatibility.In this Account, we describe our contributions to this topic since 2015. These studies provide efficient and attractive methods for the divergent synthesis of valuable substituted indoles and insights into the exploration of new strategies for the site-selective C-H functionalization and directives for other important heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Zhuangzhi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC), School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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25
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Wu Q, Gao P, Yuan Y. Rhodium‐Catalyzed Selective C−H Alkenylation of Indole at C4 Position. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 88 Daxue South Road Yangzhou City Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Pan Gao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 88 Daxue South Road Yangzhou City Jiangsu Province P. R. China
| | - Yu Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Yangzhou University 88 Daxue South Road Yangzhou City Jiangsu Province P. R. China
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26
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Large B, Prim D. Unraveling the C−H Arylation of Benzo‐Fused Cycloalkanones: Combined Experimental and Computational Evidence. Adv Synth Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202001349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Large
- Université Paris-Saclay UVSQ CNRS Institut Lavoisier de Versailles 78035 Versailles France
| | - Damien Prim
- Université Paris-Saclay UVSQ CNRS Institut Lavoisier de Versailles 78035 Versailles France
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27
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Cheng Y, Yu S, He Y, An G, Li G, Yang Z. C4-arylation and domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration of indoles by tuning Pd catalytic modes: Pd(i)-Pd(ii) catalysis vs. Pd(ii) catalysis. Chem Sci 2021; 12:3216-3225. [PMID: 34164090 PMCID: PMC8179361 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc05409g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient C4-arylation and domino C4-arylation/3,2-carbonyl migration of indoles have been developed. The former route enables C4-arylation in a highly efficient and mild manner and the latter route provides an alternative straightforward protocol for synthesis of C2/C4 disubstituted indoles. The mechanism studies imply that the different reaction pathways were tuned by the distinct acid additives, which led to either the Pd(i)-Pd(ii) pathway or Pd(ii) catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhang He
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghui An
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangming Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (MOE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Heilongjiang University No. 74, Xuefu Road, Nangang District Harbin 150080 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyu Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University 1139 Shifu Avenue Taizhou 318000 China
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28
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Chen J, Bai C, Ma H, Liu D, Bao YS. Nano palladium catalyzed C(sp3) H bonds arylation by a transient directing strategy. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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29
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Kumar P, Nagtilak PJ, Kapur M. Transition metal-catalyzed C–H functionalizations of indoles. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1nj01696b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This review summarises a wide range of transformations on the indole skeleton, including arylation, alkenylation, alkynylation, acylation, nitration, borylation, and amidation, using transition-metal catalyzed C–H functionalization as the key step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Prajyot Jayadev Nagtilak
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
| | - Manmohan Kapur
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, Bhopal 462066, MP, India
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30
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Mondal B, Ghosh P, Kundu M, Das S. 8-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine (AIP) directed Pd(ii) catalysis: site-selective ortho-C(sp2)–H arylation in aqueous medium. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:1604-1609. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ob02510k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and facile Pd(ii) catalyzed selective ortho and β-C(sp2)–H arylation reaction employing the 8-AIP (aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine) auxiliary as a removable N,N-bidentate directing group in a green solvent (water) has been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit Mondal
- TCG Life sciences Pvt. Ltd
- Kolkata 700091
- India
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
| | - Prasanjit Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling 734013
- India
| | | | - Sajal Das
- Department of Chemistry
- University of North Bengal
- Darjeeling 734013
- India
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31
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Feng X, Tian J, Sun Y, Hu H, Lu M, Kan Y, Fang D, Wang C. Weakly coordinating group directed rhodium-catalyzed unconventional site-selective C–H olefination of indolizines at the 8-position. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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32
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Cardoza S, Shrivash MK, Das P, Tandon V. Strategic Advances in Sequential C-Arylations of Heteroarenes. J Org Chem 2020; 86:1330-1356. [PMID: 33356264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c02151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Sequence-specific C-arylation strategies have important applications in medicinal and material research. These strategies allow C-C bond formations in a regioselective manner to synthesize large molecular libraries for studying structure-activity profiles. The past decade has seen the development of single C-C bond forming reactions using various transition-metal catalysts, cryogenic metalation strategies, and metal-free methods. Sequential arylations of heterocycles allow for the formation of multiaryl derivatives and are a preferred choice over de novo synthetic routes. This perspective sheds light on recent strategic advances to develop various sequential synthetic routes for the multiarylation of heteroarenes. This perspective addresses many challenges in optimizing sequential routes with respect to catalysts, reaction parameters, and various strategies adopted to obtain diversely arylated products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savio Cardoza
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Shrivash
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.,Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad 211012, India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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33
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Bagdi AK, Pattanayak P, Paul S, Mitra M, Choudhuri T, Sheikh AS. Application of Conjugated Carbonyls in the Synthesis of Heterocycles via Oxidative Cycloaddition and Cyclization Reactions. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.202000970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avik Kumar Bagdi
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | | | - Suvam Paul
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | - Mousree Mitra
- Department of Chemistry University of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
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34
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Yuen OY, So CM. Ligand Control of Palladium-Catalyzed Site-Selective α- and γ-Arylation of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones with (Hetero)aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:23438-23444. [PMID: 33007134 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the first palladium-catalyzed, site-selective α- and γ-arylation of α,β-unsaturated ketones with (hetero)aryl halides. A wide range of hetero(aryl)halides coupled with α,β-unsaturated ketones, and transformation into the arylated products proceeded with excellent to good yields. The site selectivity of the reaction is switchable by simply changing the phosphine ligand to access either α-arylated or γ-arylated products in good to excellent yields by using a low catalyst loading, and the method demonstrates good functional-group compatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- On Ying Yuen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chau Ming So
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, P. R. China
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35
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Raina G, Kannaboina P, Ahmed QN, Mondal K, Das P. Palladium‐Catalyzed Barluenga‐Valdes Type Cross‐Coupling Reaction: Alkenylation of 7‐Azaindole
s. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Raina
- Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM) Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Prakash Kannaboina
- Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM) Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Qazi Naveed Ahmed
- Medicinal Chemistry Division CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine (IIIM) Jammu 180001 India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Uttar Pradesh 201002 India
| | - Krishanu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004 India
| | - Parthasarathi Das
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad 826004 India
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36
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Pradhan S, De PB, Shah TA, Punniyamurthy T. Recent Advances in Metal‐catalyzed Alkylation, Alkenylation and Alkynylation of Indole/indoline Benzenoid Nucleus. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:4184-4198. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202001159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Pradhan
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
| | - Pinaki Bhusan De
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
| | - Tariq A. Shah
- Department of Chemistry Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati Guwahati 781039 India
- Govt. Srinagar Women's College Zakura Srinagar 190006 India
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37
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Yuen OY, So CM. Ligand Control of Palladium‐Catalyzed Site‐Selective α‐ and γ‐Arylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones with (Hetero)aryl Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202010682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- On Ying Yuen
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong Hong Kong
| | - Chau Ming So
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and State Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong Hong Kong
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen P. R. China
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38
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Li XR, Chen SQ, Fan J, Li CJ, Wang X, Liu ZW, Shi XY. Controllable Tandem [3+2] Cyclization of Aromatic Aldehydes with Maleimides: Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Divergent Synthesis of Indane-Fused Pyrrolidine-2,5-dione. Org Lett 2020; 22:8808-8813. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c03113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Ran Li
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Juan Fan
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada
| | - Xue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
| | - Xian-Ying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Syngas Conversion of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
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39
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Yang S, Hong SH. Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct C−H Arylation of Arenes Promoted by Quaternary Ammonium Salt. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabyuk Yang
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea
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40
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Bag D, Verma PK, Sawant SD. Chiral Transient Directing Group Strategies in Asymmetric Synthesis. Chem Asian J 2020; 15:3225-3238. [PMID: 32822121 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202000657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel methodologies for catalytic enantioselective functionalization reactions enabled by chiral transient directing groups is accompanying in a paradigm shift in the field of asymmetric synthesis. In particular, these highly atom- and step-economic enantioinduction processes commonly proceed either via enantioselective C-H functionalization, or via enantioselective hydroarylation of the pro-chiral substrates generating point, axial or planar chirality. The use of the transient directing group strategy in C-H functionalizations precludes the stoichiometric installations and removal of directing groups and enables efficient, more compatible and economical chemical routes. This minireview highlights asymmetric transition-metal-catalyzed methodologies involving chiral transient directing groups together with the scope, utility and future perspective of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debojyoti Bag
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
| | - Sanghapal D Sawant
- Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu Canal Road, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir, 180001, India
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41
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Higham JI, Bull JA. Transient imine directing groups for the C-H functionalisation of aldehydes, ketones and amines: an update 2018-2020. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 18:7291-7315. [PMID: 32926032 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob01587c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
The use of pre-installed directing groups has become a popular and powerful strategy to control site selectivity in transition metal catalysed C-H functionalisation reactions. However, the necessity for directing group installation and removal reduces the efficiency of a directed C-H functionalisation method. To overcome this limitation, taking inspiration from organocatalytic methodologies, the use of transient directing groups has arisen. These methods allow for a transient ligand to be used, potentially in catalytic quantities, without the need for discrete installation or removal steps, enabling the discovery of more efficient, and mechanistically intriguing, dual catalytic methods. This review summarises recent developments in this fast moving field covering >70 new methodologies, highlighting new directing group designs and advances in mechanistic understanding. It covers progress since 2018, providing an update to our previous review of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe I Higham
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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42
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Rani G, Luxami V, Paul K. Traceless directing groups: a novel strategy in regiodivergent C-H functionalization. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:12479-12521. [PMID: 32985634 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc04863a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The use of functional groups as internal ligands for assisting C-H functionalization, termed the chelation assisted strategy, is emerging as one of the most powerful tools for construction of C-C and C-X bonds from inert C-H bonds. However, there are various directing groups which cannot be either removed after functionalization or require some additional steps or reagents for their removal, thereby limiting the scope of structural diversity of the products, and the step and atom economy of the system. These limitations are overcome by the use of the traceless directing group (TDG) strategy wherein functionalization of the substrate and removal of the directing group can be carried out in a one pot fashion. Traceless directing groups serve as the most ideal chelation assisted strategy with a high degree of reactivity and selectivity without any requirement for additional steps for their removal. The present review overviews the use of various functional groups such as carboxylic acids, aldehydes, N-oxides, nitrones, N-nitroso amines, amides, sulfoxonium ylides and silicon tethered directing groups for assisting transition metal catalyzed C-H functionalization reactions in the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetika Rani
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala-147001, India.
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43
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Wang YJ, Yuan CH, Chu DZ, Jiao L. Regiocontrol in the oxidative Heck reaction of indole by ligand-enabled switch of the regioselectivity-determining step. Chem Sci 2020; 11:11042-11054. [PMID: 34094351 PMCID: PMC8162380 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc02246b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient control of regioselectivity is a key concern in transition-metal-catalyzed direct C-H functionalization reactions. Various strategies for regiocontrol have been established by tuning the selectivity of the C-H activation step as a common mode. Herein, we present our study on an alternative mode of regiocontrol, in which the selectivity of the C-H activation step is no longer a key concern. We found that, in a reaction where the C-H activation step exhibits a different regio-preference from the subsequent functionalization step, a ligand-enabled switch of the regioselectivity-determining step could provide efficient regiocontrol. This mode has been exemplified by the Pd(ii)-catalyzed aerobic oxidative Heck reaction of indoles, in which a ligand-controlled C3-/C2-selectivity was achieved for the first time by the development of sulfoxide-2-hydroxypyridine (SOHP) ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jie Wang
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China
| | - Chen-Hui Yuan
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China
| | - De-Zhao Chu
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China
| | - Lei Jiao
- Center of Basic Molecular Science (CBMS), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University Beijing 10084 China
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44
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Weng Y, Ding X, Oliveira JCA, Xu X, Kaplaneris N, Zhu M, Chen H, Chen Z, Ackermann L. Peptide late-stage C(sp 3)-H arylation by native asparagine assistance without exogenous directing groups. Chem Sci 2020; 11:9290-9295. [PMID: 34094199 PMCID: PMC8161531 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc03830j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a strong demand for novel native peptide motifs for post-synthetic modifications of peptides without pre-installation and subsequent removal of directing groups. Herein, we report an efficient method for peptide late-stage C(sp3)-H arylations assisted by the unmodified side chain of asparagine (Asn) without any exogenous directing group. Thereby, site-selective arylations of C(sp3)-H bonds at the N-terminus of di-, tri-, and tetrapeptides have been achieved. Likewise, we have constructed a key building block for accessing agouti-related protein (AGRP) active loop analogues in a concise manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Weng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Tammannstrasse 2 Goettingen 37077 Germany
| | - Xingxing Ding
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - João C A Oliveira
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Tammannstrasse 2 Goettingen 37077 Germany
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Nikolaos Kaplaneris
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Tammannstrasse 2 Goettingen 37077 Germany
| | - Meijie Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Hantao Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 P. R. China
| | - Lutz Ackermann
- Institut fuer Organische und Biomolekulare Chemie, Georg-August-Universitaet Goettingen Tammannstrasse 2 Goettingen 37077 Germany
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45
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Wang YJ, Wang TT, Yao L, Wang QL, Zhao LM. Access to 4-Alkenylated Coumarins via Ruthenium-Catalyzed Olefinic C-H Alkenylation of Coumarins with Modifiable and Removable Directing Groups. J Org Chem 2020; 85:9514-9524. [PMID: 32515197 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ruthenium-catalyzed activation of the C4 position of coumarins for coupling with acrylates was described using modifiable ketone as a directing group. The alkenylation reaction provided a direct approach to prepare previously inaccessible 4-alkenylated coumarins with operational simplicity and high atom-economy. This protocol also worked well with coumarin-3-carboxylic acids to unveil a rare instance of a tandem alkenylation/decarboxylation reaction. The potential value of this approach was further highlighted by the efficient synthesis of several heterocyclic fused coumarin derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jiao Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong-Tong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lan Yao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian-Long Wang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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46
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Thombal RS, Feoktistova T, González-Montiel GA, Cheong PHY, Lee YR. Palladium-catalyzed synthesis of β-hydroxy compounds via a strained 6,4-palladacycle from directed C-H activation of anilines and C-O insertion of epoxides. Chem Sci 2020; 11:7260-7265. [PMID: 34123012 PMCID: PMC8159402 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01462a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A palladium-catalyzed C-H activation of acetylated anilines (acetanilides, 1,1-dimethyl-3-phenylurea, 1-phenylpyrrolidin-2-one, and 1-(indolin-1-yl)ethan-1-one) with epoxides using O-coordinating directing groups was accomplished. This C-H alkylation reaction proceeds via formation of a previously unknown 6,4-palladacycle intermediate and provides rapid access to regioselectively functionalized β-hydroxy products. Notably, this catalytic system is applicable for the gram scale mono-functionalization of acetanilide in good yields. The palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of the ortho-C(sp2) atom of O-coordinating directing groups with a C(sp3) carbon of chiral epoxides offers diverse substrate scope in good to excellent yields. In addition, further transformations of the synthesized compound led to biologically important heterocycles. Density functional theory reveals that the 6,4-palladacycle leveraged in this work is significantly more strained (>10 kcal mol-1) than the literature known 5,4 palladacycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju S Thombal
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Taisiia Feoktistova
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | | | - Paul H-Y Cheong
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University 153 Gilbert Hall Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan 38541 Republic of Korea
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47
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Wang Z, Fu Y, Zhang Q, Liu H, Wang J. Pd(II)-Catalyzed Direct γ-C(sp 3)-H Arylation between Free β 2-Amino Esters and β 3-Amino Esters and Aryl Iodides Using a Catalytic Transient Directing Group. J Org Chem 2020; 85:7683-7693. [PMID: 32423204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pd(II)-catalyzed direct γ-C(sp3)-H arylation coupling with free β2-amino esters and β3-amino esters using a commercially available catalytic transient directing group has been developed. This approach features high efficiency, broad substrate tolerance, easily accessible starting materials, and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yangjie Fu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China.,State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research and Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
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48
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Kona CN, Nishii Y, Miura M. Thioether-Directed C4-Selective C–H Acylmethylation of Indoles Using α-Carbonyl Sulfoxonium Ylides. Org Lett 2020; 22:4806-4811. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandrababu Naidu Kona
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yuji Nishii
- Frontier Research Base for Global Young Researchers, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Miura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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49
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Sherikar MS, Devarajappa R, Prabhu KR. Weak Coordinating Carbonyl-Directed Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed C-H Activation at the C4-Position of Indole with Allyl Alcohols. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5516-5524. [PMID: 32192332 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A weakly coordinating carbonyl-directed coupling of allyl alcohols at the C-4 position of indole derivatives under the C-H activation conditions catalyzed by Rh(III) is reported. This results in alkylation at the C-4 position of indole derivatives exclusively. The obtained product forms a tricyclic derivative under aldol reaction conditions, which can be a potential precursor for synthesizing a few alkaloid molecules such as ergot, hapalindole alkaloids, and related heterocyclic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ravi Devarajappa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
| | - Kandikere Ramaiah Prabhu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560 012, Karnataka, India
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50
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Wu YJ, Yao QJ, Chen HM, Liao G, Shi BF. Palladium-catalyzed ortho-C-H silylation of biaryl aldehydes using a transient directing group. Sci China Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-020-9694-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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