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Makino K, Tozawa K, Tanaka Y, Inagaki A, Tabata H, Oshitari T, Natsugari H, Takahashi H. Rapid Photoracemization of Chiral Alkyl Aryl Sulfoxides. J Org Chem 2021; 86:17249-17256. [PMID: 34806388 PMCID: PMC8650104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The photoracemization of chiral alkyl aryl sulfoxides with a photosensitizer has not been sufficiently investigated thus far. Therefore, in this study, a rapid photoracemization reaction of enantiopure alkyl aryl sulfoxides using 1 mol % 2,4,6-triphenylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (TPT+) was developed. Various substitution patterns were tolerated and every racemization reaction proceeded extremely fast (k2 = 1.77 × 104-6.08 × 101 M-1 s-1, t1/2 = 0.4-114 s). Some chiral sulfoxides with easily oxidizable functional groups are not appropriate for this photoisomerization. The electrochemical potentials of the functional groups, determined via cyclic voltammetry, are useful for predicting the reactive or nonreactive groups in this photoracemization reaction. A theoretical study was conducted to clarify the sp2-like nature of S of the sulfoxide cation radical, which makes photoracemization easier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosho Makino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kumi Tozawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Akiko Inagaki
- Department of Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Hidetsugu Tabata
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tetsuta Oshitari
- Faculty of Pharma Sciences, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Hideaki Natsugari
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hideyo Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda-shi, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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Senatore R, Malik M, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive and Selective Double Methylene Insertion of Lithium Carbenoids to Isothiocyanates: A Direct Assembly of Four-Membered Sulfur-Containing Cycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24854-24858. [PMID: 34534400 PMCID: PMC9293044 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A formal CH2−CH2 homologation conducted with C1 carbenoids on a carbon electrophile for the obtainment of a four‐membered cycle is reported. The logic proposes the consecutive delivery of two single nucleophilic CH2 units to an isothiocyanate—as competent electrophilic partner—resulting in the assembling of a rare imino‐thietane cluster. The single synthetic operation procedure documents genuine chemocontrol, as indicated by the tolerance to various reactive elements decorating the starting materials. Significantly, the double homologation protocol is accomplished directly on a carbon electrophile, thus not requiring the installation of heteroatom‐centered manifolds (e.g. boron).
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Althanstrasse, 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.,University of Turin, Department of Chemistry, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125, Turin, Italy
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Senatore R, Malik M, Langer T, Holzer W, Pace V. Consecutive and Selective Double Methylene Insertion of Lithium Carbenoids to Isothiocyanates: A Direct Assembly of Four‐Membered Sulfur‐Containing Cycles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Senatore
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Monika Malik
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
| | - Vittorio Pace
- University of Vienna Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Althanstrasse, 14 A-1090 Vienna Austria
- University of Turin Department of Chemistry Via P. Giuria 7 10125 Turin Italy
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Senatore R, Malik M, Touqeer S, Listro R, Collina S, Holzer W, Pace V. Straightforward and direct access to β-seleno- amines and sulfonylamides via the controlled addition of phenylselenomethyllithium (LiCH2SePh) to imines. Tetrahedron 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2020.131220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Ielo L, Pace V, Pillari V, Miele M, Castiglione D. Carbenoid-Mediated Homologation Tactics for Assembling (Fluorinated) Epoxides and Aziridines. Synlett 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1706404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Homologation strategies provide highly versatile tools in organic synthesis for the introduction of a CH2 group into a given carbon skeleton. The operation can result in diverse structural motifs by tuning of the reaction conditions and the nature of the homologating agent. In this Account, concisely contextualizing our work with lithium carbenoids (LiCH2X, LiCHXY etc) for homologating carbon-centered electrophiles, we focus on the assembly of three-membered cycles featuring fluorinated substituents. Two illustrative case studies are considered: (1) the development and employment of fluorinated carbenoids en route to rare α-fluoroepoxides and aziridines, and (2) the installation of up to halomethylenic groups on trifluoroimidoylacetyl chlorides (TFAICs) for preparing CF3-containing halo- and halomethylaziridines. Collectively, we demonstrate that the initial homologation event generated by the installation of the carbenoid, upon modulation of the conditions, serves as a tool for creating fluorinated building blocks in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ielo
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry
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Colas K, Dos Santos ACVD, Mendoza A. i-Pr 2NMgCl·LiCl Enables the Synthesis of Ketones by Direct Addition of Grignard Reagents to Carboxylate Anions. Org Lett 2019; 21:7908-7913. [PMID: 31513423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b02899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The direct preparation of ketones from carboxylate anions is greatly limited by the required use of organolithium reagents or activated acyl sources that need to be independently prepared. Herein, a specific magnesium amide additive is used to activate and control the addition of more tolerant Grignard reagents to carboxylate anions. This strategy enables the modular synthesis of ketones from CO2 and the preparation of isotopically labeled pharmaceutical building blocks in a single operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kilian Colas
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Arrhenius Laboratory , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - A Catarina V D Dos Santos
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Arrhenius Laboratory , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Abraham Mendoza
- Department of Organic Chemistry , Stockholm University , Arrhenius Laboratory , 106 91 Stockholm , Sweden
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Gaspa S, Carraro M, Pisano L, Porcheddu A, De Luca L. Trichloroisocyanuric Acid: a Versatile and Efficient Chlorinating and Oxidizing Reagent. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gaspa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Massimo Carraro
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Luisa Pisano
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
| | - Andrea Porcheddu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Geologiche; Università degli Studi di Cagliari; Cittadella Universitaria 09042 Monserrato Italy
| | - Lidia De Luca
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia; Università degli Studi di Sassari; Via Vienna 2 07100 Sassari Italy
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