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Tian M, Cui Q, Xu Q, Wu W, Wang Y, Wei K, Sun R, Wang J. Ligand-free Pd-catalyzed highly selective arylation of activated and unactivated alkenes via oxidative and reductive heck coupling. RSC Adv 2024; 14:6470-6475. [PMID: 38390499 PMCID: PMC10879848 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08186a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, an eco-friendly, green, efficient approach for oxidative and reductive Heck-Mizoroki (HM) reactions was developed, which offered acceptable yields from first-pass experiments. Mono-arylation was achieved without the use of ligands, directing groups, or prefunctionalized alkenes. Considering mild reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, and great regioselectivity, the method can find broad applications in novel medicine and material development and discovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixiang Tian
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Qinghong Cui
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Qiuling Xu
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Wu
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Yuxian Wang
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Kun Wei
- School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Ruifen Sun
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
| | - Junliang Wang
- Center for Scientific Research, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine Kunming Yunnan 650500 P. R. China
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2
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Wang K, Li J, Zhang H, Chen Y, Li M, Xu J, Liao B, Yi W. DMSO-promoted direct δ-selective arylation of p-quinone methenylpiperidine bearinides to generate fuchsones under metal-free conditions by employing p-QMs themselves or substituted phenols as aryl sources. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:7151-7157. [PMID: 37609782 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob01018j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Fuchsones have wide applications in modern society. Present methods for generating fuchsones have many disadvantages and there are significant limitations for further exploration of fuchsone applications. Herein, we describe a DMSO-promoted direct δ-selective arylation of p-QMs to synthesize symmetrical and unsymmetrical fuchsones under metal-free conditions by employing p-QMs themselves or substituted phenols as aryl sources. As unprecedented methods, these novel strategies present a great advantage and significance for further exploration of fuchsones and the development of new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunpeng Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Jingping Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Haoxiang Zhang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Chen
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Mengfan Li
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
| | - Junju Xu
- College of Tabacco Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Plateau characteristic spice plant resources, Education Department of Yunnan Province 650201, P. R. China
| | - Benren Liao
- Shanghai No. 4 Reagent Chemical Co., Ltd, Shanghai 201512, P. R. China.
| | - Weiyin Yi
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, P. R. China.
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3
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Hu X, Li K, Yu H. Mechanochemical asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction involving unreactive arylamines. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:6348-6355. [PMID: 37427663 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00954h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
We report here a mechanochemical protocol for an asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction involving unreactive arylamines with simple cyclic ketones and arylaldehydes catalyzed by (S)-proline with a chiral diol. In this mechanochemical protocol, ball milling enables reaction acceleration and enantioselectivity control. The reported asymmetric three-component Mannich reactions usually involve reactive arylamines such as p-anisidine and phenylamine, while the catalytic asymmetric Mannich reactions involving unreactive arylamines in solution did not proceed smoothly or gave low yields and enantioselectivities. However, the use of ball-milling techniques overcomes the deficiency of the batch systems in solution and avoids the use of toxic organic solvents. The desired products were obtained in moderate-to-good yields (49%-80%) with good-to-high enantioselectivities (up to 99% ee). This is the first example of a mechanochemically activated catalytic asymmetric three-component Mannich reaction involving unreactive arylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, 708 Minyuan Road, China.
| | - Kang Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, 708 Minyuan Road, China.
| | - Huiting Yu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education and Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, 708 Minyuan Road, China.
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4
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Pickhardt W, Beaković C, Mayer M, Wohlgemuth M, Kraus FJL, Etter M, Grätz S, Borchardt L. The Direct Mechanocatalytic Suzuki–Miyaura Reaction of Small Organic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205003. [PMID: 35638133 PMCID: PMC9543434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The molecular Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction was conducted mechanochemically, without solvents, ligands, or catalyst powders. Utilizing one catalytically active palladium milling ball, products could be formed in quantitative yield in as little as 30 min. In contrast to previous reports, the adjustment of milling parameters led to the complete elimination of abrasion from the catalyst ball, thus enabling the first reported systematic catalyst analysis. XPS, in situ XRD, and reference experiments provided evidence that the milling ball surface was the location of the catalysis, allowing a mechanism to be proposed. The versatility of the approach was demonstrated by extending the substrate scope to deactivated and even sterically hindered aryl iodides and bromides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilm Pickhardt
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Claudio Beaković
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Maike Mayer
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Maximilian Wohlgemuth
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Fabien Joel Leon Kraus
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Martin Etter
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) Notkestraße 85 22607 Hamburg Germany
| | - Sven Grätz
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Inorganic Chemistry I Ruhr-Universität Bochum Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum Germany
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5
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Pickhardt W, Beaković C, Mayer M, Wohlgemuth M, Leon Kraus FJ, Etter M, Grätz S, Borchardt L. The Direct Mechanocatalytic Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction of Small Organic Molecules. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilm Pickhardt
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Claudio Beaković
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Maike Mayer
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | | | | | - Martin Etter
- DESY Accelerator Centre: Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY GERMANY
| | - Sven Grätz
- Ruhr-Universität Bochum: Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Inorganic Chemistry GERMANY
| | - Lars Borchardt
- Ruhr-Universitat Bochum Inorganic Chemistry Universitätsstraße 150 44801 Bochum GERMANY
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6
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Yang X, Wu C, Su W, Yu J. Mechanochemical C−X/C−H Functionalization: An Alternative Strategy Access to Pharmaceuticals. European J Org Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.202101440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinjie Yang
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Chongyang Wu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Weike Su
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
| | - Jingbo Yu
- Zhejiang University of Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals Chaowang Road 18# 310014 Hangzhou CHINA
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7
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Bera SK, Mal P. Mechanochemical-Cascaded C-N Cross-Coupling and Halogenation Using N-Bromo- and N-Chlorosuccinimide as Bifunctional Reagents. J Org Chem 2021; 86:14144-14159. [PMID: 34423985 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.1c01742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Exploration of alternative energy sources for chemical transformations has gained significant interest from chemists, and mechanochemistry is one of those sources. Herein, we report the use of N-bromosuccinimides (NBS) and N-chlorosuccinimides (NCS) as bifunctional reagents for a cascaded C-N bond formation and subsequent halogenation reactions. Under the solvent-free mechanochemical (ball-milling) conditions, the synthesis of a wide range of phenanthridinone derivatives from N-methoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxamides is accomplished. During the reactions, NBS and NCS first assisted the oxidative C-N coupling reaction and subsequently promoted a halogenation reaction. Thus, the role of NBS and NCS was established to be bifunctional. Overall, a mild, solvent-free, convenient, one-pot, and direct synthesis of various bromo- and chloro-substituted phenanthridinone derivatives was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyamal Kanti Bera
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Prasenjit Mal
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER), HBNI, Bhubaneswar, PO Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, District Khurda, Odisha 752050, India
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8
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Wu C, Ying T, Yang X, Su W, Dushkin AV, Yu J. Mechanochemical Magnesium-Mediated Minisci C-H Alkylation of Pyrimidines with Alkyl Bromides and Chlorides. Org Lett 2021; 23:6423-6428. [PMID: 34351160 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c02241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel method to synthesize 4-alkylpyrimidines by the mechanochemical magnesium-mediated Minisci reaction of pyrimidine derivatives and alkyl halides has been reported. The reaction process operates with a broad substrate scope and excellent regioselectivity under mild conditions with no requirement of transition-metal catalysts, solvents, and inert gas protection. The practicality of this protocol has been demonstrated by the up-scale synthesis, mechanochemical product derivatization, and antimalarial drug pyrimethamine preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ying
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Alexandr V Dushkin
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
- Institute of Solid-State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk 630128, Russia
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology. Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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9
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Shou H, He Z, Peng G, Su W, Yu J. Two approaches for the synthesis of levo-praziquantel. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:4507-4514. [PMID: 33908985 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00453k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
We report herein the development of two pathways for the preparation of levo-praziquantel (R-PZQ), which involves three-/four-step processes of a mechanochemical (asymmetric) aza-Henry/acylation reaction, a hydrogenation reaction, (chiral resolution) and a solvent-free acylation-ring closing reaction. The key intermediate (R)-1-aminomethyl tetrahydroisoquinoline could be obtained either by chiral resolution with a rational reuse of the S-isomer or by mechanochemical enantioselective synthesis that refrained from using a bulky toxic solvent. The efficiency and scalability of both the developed routes were demonstrated and desired target product was obtained in a satisfactory yield with excellent enantiopurity (>99%), offering practical, concise and environmentally friendly alternatives to access R-PZQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowen Shou
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Zhaoting He
- Beijing Fukangren Bio-pharm Tech Co., Ltd, 102627, P. R. China
| | - Gang Peng
- Huadong Medicine Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310011, P. R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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11
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Denlinger KL, Carr P, Waddell DC, Mack J. A Recyclable, Metal-Free Mechanochemical Approach for the Oxidation of Alcohols to Carboxylic Acids. Molecules 2020; 25:E364. [PMID: 31963148 PMCID: PMC7024246 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxidation of primary alcohols under mechanochemical conditions in a Spex8000M Mixer/Mill was investigated. To facilitate ease of separation and recyclability, a polystyrene-bound version of a TEMPO catalyst was employed. When paired with Oxone® in a stainless-steel vial with a stainless-steel ball, several primary alcohols were successfully oxidized to the corresponding carboxylic acids. The product was isolated using gravity filtration, which also allowed for the polystyrene-bound TEMPO catalyst to be recovered and reused in subsequent oxidation reactions. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the size and steric hindrance of the primary alcohol does not hinder the rate of the reaction. Finally, the aldehyde was selectively obtained from a primary alcohol under ball milling conditions by using a combination of non-supported TEMPO with a copper vial and copper ball.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - James Mack
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, 301 Clifton court, Cincinnati, OH 45221-0172, USA; (K.L.D.); (P.C.); (D.C.W.)
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Yu J, Ying P, Wang H, Xiang K, Su W. Mechanochemical Asymmetric Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling Reaction: Liquid‐Assisted Grinding Enables Reaction Acceleration and Enantioselectivity Control. Adv Synth Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201901363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Ying
- College of Pharmaceutical ScienceZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Keyu Xiang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green PharmaceuticalsZhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310014 People's Republic of China
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Yu J, Yang X, Wu C, Su W. Palladium-Catalyzed C–H/C–H Cross-Coupling by Mechanochemistry: Direct Alkenylation and Heteroarylation of N1-Protected 1H-Indazoles. J Org Chem 2019; 85:1009-1021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Yu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xinjie Yang
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Chongyang Wu
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
| | - Weike Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Process Development of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Collaborative Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Region Green Pharmaceuticals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P.R. China
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